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{{Short description|German chemist (1833–1889)}}
{{Infobox_Scientist
{{Infobox scientist
|name = Johann Georg Anton Geuther
|image = |name = Johann Georg Anton Geuther
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|caption = |caption = Geuther, c. 1862
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|nationality = ] |nationality = ]
|death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1889|08|23|1833|04|23}} |death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1889|08|23|1833|04|23}}
|death_place = ] ] |death_place = ], ]
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⚫ |alma_mater = ]
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'''Johann Georg Anton Geuther''' (23 April 1833 &ndash; 23 August 1889) was a German ]. '''Johann Georg Anton Geuther''' (23 April 1833 – 23 August 1889) was a German ]. His work in organic and inorganic chemistry influenced the development of ]. Geuther spent most of his academic career at the ] where he discovered ], a key compound for chemical synthesis and for the discovery of ].


==Life== ==Life==
Geuther was born in ] and was educated in Neustad, ] and ]. Although his family favoured a education in the merchant business he started to studie chemistry at the University of Jena but changed to the ] in 1853. He received his PhD in 1855 for a work on ] with ]. In the following years he gradualy improved is possition in Götting until Geuther became professor in the ] in 1860. In 1883 he married and lived until his death with wife, son and daugther in Jena. Geuther died of ] in 1889 at the age of 57.<ref name="Bio">{{cite journal | doi = 10.1002/cber.19300630881 | title = Anton Geuther Sen Leben und seine Arbeiten von Carl Duisberg und Kurt Hess | year = 1930 | journal = Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft (A and B Series) | volume = 63 | pages = A145 | first1 = Carl | last1= Duisberg | first2= Kurt | last2 = Hess| authorlink1 = Carl Duisberg }}</ref> Geuther was born in ] and was educated in Neustad, ] and ]. Although his family favoured education in the merchant business, he started to study chemistry at the University of Jena, but changed to the ] in 1853. He received his PhD in 1855 for a work on ] carried out together with ]. In the following years, he gradually improved his position in Göttingen and became professor in the ] in 1860. In 1883 he married and lived until his death with his wife, son and daughter in Jena. Geuther died of ] in 1889 at the age of 57.<ref name="Bio">{{cite journal|doi = 10.1002/cber.19300630881|title = Anton Geuther Sen Leben und seine Arbeiten von Carl Duisberg und Kurt Hess|year = 1930|journal = Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (A and B Series)|volume = 63|pages = A145–A157|first1 = Carl|last1= Duisberg|first2= Kurt|last2 = Hess|issue = 8| authorlink1 = Carl Duisberg |doi-access = free}}</ref><ref name="NDB">{{NDB|6|353|354|Geuther, Georg Anton|Strahlmann, Berend}}</ref>



==Work== ==Work==
⚫ Geuther started to work on inorganic topics, such as the electrolysis of ] and ] to determine the similarities of the two compounds. His research on the constitution of several cobalt ] complexes, such as ], were later completed by ] earning Werner a ]. Some of his organic research was connected to ]ism of chemical molecules. The experimental work on the ] of ], which yielded ], and the chlorination of ] giving ] provided a good starting point for the development of the theory of the constitution of compounds with the same chemical formula, but different bond structure.


⚫ ] (for R = ] and R' = ])]]{{clear-left}}
⚫ Geuther started to work on inorganic topics, for example the electrolysis of chromic acid and sulfuric acid to determine the similarities of the two compounds. His research on the constitution of several cobalt amine complexes, for example ], were later completed by ] earning Werner a ]. Some of his organic research was connected to isomerism. The experimental work on the ] of ], which yielded ], and the chlorination of ] giving ] gave a good starting point for the development of the theory of the constitution of compounds with the same chemical formula, but different bond structur.

⚫ ] (R = ])]]

⚫ Geuther is best known for his discovery of ]. Although he discovered the compound in 1863 it took two years until he published his results in a peer reviewed journal. The experimental work of him and others yielded puzzling results and resulted in sometimes hard discussions on the nature ethyl acetoacetate. The structure proposed by ] und Duppa showed a ] (C=O), while Geuther was sure of the presence of a acidic OH group. It was long after the death of Geuther before ], Geuthers successor at the ], solved the riddle proving both sides right. The true nature of ethyl acetoacetate was a ] between the both suggested structures. The ] strongly depends on the solvent used for the experiments. Geuther died well before the construction of his new planed laboratory building in Jena started, some of the work of Geuther was finished by his successor in Jena ].<ref name="Bio"/>


⚫ Geuther is best known for his discovery of ]. Although he discovered the compound in 1863, it took him two years to publish results in a peer reviewed journal. The experimental work of his and others yielded puzzling results and induced debates on the nature of ethyl acetoacetate. The structure proposed by ] and Duppa showed a ] (C=O), while Geuther was certain about presence of an acidic OH group in the molecule. It was long after the death of Geuther when ], Geuthers successor at the ], solved the riddle proving both sides right: the true nature of ethyl acetoacetate was a ] between the both suggested structures. The ] strongly depends on the solvent used for the experiments. Geuther was planning to build a new chemical laboratory at University of Jena, but died well before the construction had started. Some of his unfinished work was completed by his successor in Jena ].<ref name="Bio"/><ref name="NDB"/>


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist}} {{Reflist}}


{{DEFAULTSORT: Geuther, Johann Georg Anton}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Geuther, Johann Georg Anton}}
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Latest revision as of 21:34, 7 October 2023

German chemist (1833–1889)
Johann Georg Anton Geuther
Geuther, c. 1862
Born(1833-04-23)23 April 1833
Neustadt bei Coburg, German Confederation
Died23 August 1889(1889-08-23) (aged 56)
Jena, German Empire
NationalityGerman
Alma materUniversity of Göttingen
Scientific career
InstitutionsUniversity of Jena
Academic advisorsFriedrich Wöhler
Doctoral studentsCarl Duisberg
Hans Hübner
August Michaelis

Johann Georg Anton Geuther (23 April 1833 – 23 August 1889) was a German chemist. His work in organic and inorganic chemistry influenced the development of coordination chemistry. Geuther spent most of his academic career at the University of Jena where he discovered ethyl acetoacetate, a key compound for chemical synthesis and for the discovery of tautomerism.

Life

Geuther was born in Neustadt bei Coburg and was educated in Neustad, Coburg and Saalfeld. Although his family favoured education in the merchant business, he started to study chemistry at the University of Jena, but changed to the University of Göttingen in 1853. He received his PhD in 1855 for a work on oil shale carried out together with Friedrich Wöhler. In the following years, he gradually improved his position in Göttingen and became professor in the University of Jena in 1860. In 1883 he married and lived until his death with his wife, son and daughter in Jena. Geuther died of typhus in 1889 at the age of 57.

Work

Geuther started to work on inorganic topics, such as the electrolysis of chromic acid and sulfuric acid to determine the similarities of the two compounds. His research on the constitution of several cobalt amine complexes, such as hexamminecobalt(III) chloride, were later completed by Alfred Werner earning Werner a Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Some of his organic research was connected to isomerism of chemical molecules. The experimental work on the hydrolysis of 1,1-dichloroethane, which yielded glycol, and the chlorination of acetaldehyde giving 1,2-dichloroethane provided a good starting point for the development of the theory of the constitution of compounds with the same chemical formula, but different bond structure.

Tautomeric forms for ethyl acetoacetate (for R = methyl and R' = ethyl)

Geuther is best known for his discovery of ethyl acetoacetate. Although he discovered the compound in 1863, it took him two years to publish results in a peer reviewed journal. The experimental work of his and others yielded puzzling results and induced debates on the nature of ethyl acetoacetate. The structure proposed by Edward Frankland and Duppa showed a keto group (C=O), while Geuther was certain about presence of an acidic OH group in the molecule. It was long after the death of Geuther when Ludwig Knorr, Geuthers successor at the University of Jena, solved the riddle proving both sides right: the true nature of ethyl acetoacetate was a tautomeric equilibrium between the both suggested structures. The Keto-enol tautomerism strongly depends on the solvent used for the experiments. Geuther was planning to build a new chemical laboratory at University of Jena, but died well before the construction had started. Some of his unfinished work was completed by his successor in Jena Ludwig Knorr.

References

  1. ^ Duisberg, Carl; Hess, Kurt (1930). "Anton Geuther Sen Leben und seine Arbeiten von Carl Duisberg und Kurt Hess". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (A and B Series). 63 (8): A145–A157. doi:10.1002/cber.19300630881.
  2. ^ Strahlmann, Berend (1964), "Geuther, Georg Anton", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 6, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 353–354
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