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{{Short description|Bridge in Lanesboro, Pennsylvania}}
{{Infobox Bridge {{Infobox Bridge
|bridge_name=Starrucca Viaduct |bridge_name = Starrucca Viaduct
|image=HAER-Starrucca 1.jpg |image = HAER-Starrucca 1.jpg
|image_size= |image_size = 300px
|caption=A 1920 picture of the Starrucca Viaduct. |caption = A 1920 picture of the Starrucca Viaduct
|official_name= |official_name =
|crosses=] |crosses = ]
|carries=Two tracks of the ] |carries = Two tracks of the ]
|locale=] |locale = ]
|design=Stone ] |design = Stone ]
|mainspan=Seventeen spans of {{convert|50|ft|m}} |mainspan = Seventeen spans of {{convert|50|ft|m}}
|length={{convert|1040|ft|m}} |length = {{convert|1040|ft|m}}
|width=Two tracks |width = Two tracks
|below={{convert|100|ft|m}} |below = {{convert|100|ft|m}}
|open=1848 |open = 1848
|maint=] |maint = ]
|id= |id =
|coordinates={{coord|41.962790|N|75.583446|W|display=inline,title}} |coordinates = {{coord|41.9632|N|75.5833|W|display=inline,title}}
|lat= |lat =
|long= |long =
|clearance= |clearance =
|traffic= |traffic =
|closed= |closed =
|toll= |toll =
|map_cue= |map_cue =
|map_image= |map_image =
|map_text= |map_text =
|map_width= |map_width =
}} }}


'''Starrucca Viaduct''' is a stone ] that spans ] near ], in the ]. Built at a cost of $320,000 (equal to ${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|320000|1848}}}} today), it was at the time of its construction thought to be the most expensive railway bridge in the world. It was the largest stone rail viaduct in the mid-19th century and is still in use. The viaduct is listed on the ] and was designated by the ] as a ]. '''Starrucca Viaduct''' is a stone ] that spans ] near ], in the United States. Completed in 1848 at a cost of $320,000 (equal to ${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|320000|1848}}}} today), it was at the time the world's largest stone railway viaduct and was thought to be the most expensive railway bridge as well. Still in use, the viaduct is listed on the ] and is designated as a ].


==Construction== ==History==
===19th century===
The ] was designed by ] and ] and built in 1847-48 by ], of locally quarried random ] ], except for three brick interior longitudinal ] walls and the concrete base of the piers. This may have been the first structural use of concrete in American bridge construction. The ] was designed by ] and ] and built in 1847–48 by the ], of locally-quarried random ] ], except for three brick interior longitudinal ] walls and the concrete bases of the piers. This may have been the first structural use of concrete in American bridge construction.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}


It was built to solve an engineering problem posed by the wide valley of Starrucca Creek. The railroad considered building an ], but abandoned the idea because it was impractical. The Erie Railroad was well-financed by British investors, but even with money available, most American contractors at the time were incapable of the task. Julius W. Adams, the superintending engineer of construction in the area, hired James P. Kirkwood, a civil engineer who had worked on the ]. Accounts differ as to whether Kirkwood worked on the bridge himself, or whether Adams was responsible for the plans with Kirkwood working as a subordinate. The lead stonemason, Thomas Heavey, an Irish immigrant from County Offaly, had worked on other projects for Kirkwood, primarily in New England. It took 800 workers, each paid about $1 per day, equal to ${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|1|1848|r=2}}}} today, to complete the bridge in a year. The ] for the bridge required more than half a million feet of cored and hewn timbers. It was built to solve an engineering problem posed by the wide valley of Starrucca Creek. The railroad considered building an ], but abandoned the idea as impractical. The Erie Railroad was well-financed by British investors but, even with money available, most American contractors at the time were incapable of the task. Julius W. Adams, the superintending engineer of construction in the area, hired James P. Kirkwood, a civil engineer who had worked on the ]. Accounts differ as to whether Kirkwood worked on the bridge himself, or whether Adams was responsible for the plans with Kirkwood working as a subordinate. The lead stonemason, Thomas Heavey, an Irish immigrant from County Offaly, worked on other projects for Kirkwood, primarily in New England. It took 800 workers, each paid about $1 per day, equal to ${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|1|1848|r=2}}}} today, to complete the bridge in a year. The ] for the bridge required more than half a million feet of cord and hewn timbers.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}


The original single ] track was replaced by two ] tracks in 1886. The roadbed deck under the tracks was reinforced with a layer of concrete in 1958.<ref name=HAERsurvey/> The original single ] track was replaced by two ] tracks in 1886. The roadbed deck under the tracks was reinforced with a layer of concrete in 1958.<ref name=HAERsurvey/>


The bridge has been in continual use for more than a century and a half.
⚫ The bridge has been in continual use for more than a century and a half, and is still in use by the ]. In 2005 Norfolk Southern leased the portion of the line from ] to ] to the ], which operates it under the name ]. The only railroad currently using it is DO's ].


===20th century===
The viaduct is listed on the ] and is a ].
The viaduct was designated as a ] by the ] in 1973 and was listed on the ] in 1975.<ref>{{cite book |last=Treese |first=Lorett |year=2003 |title=Railroads of Pennsylvania: Fragments of the Past in the Keystone Landscape |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lMK3DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA173 |location=Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania |publisher=Stackpole Books |page=173 |isbn=9780811743570 |access-date=25 September 2021}}</ref>


===21st century===
⚫ <gallery mode= packed heights="210px">
⚫ In 2005, the ] leased the portion of the line from ] to ] to the ], which operates it under the name ]. The only railroad currently using it is Delaware Otsego's ].{{Citation needed|date=April 2022}}


⚫ <gallery mode="packed" heights="210px">
File:Jasper Francis Cropsey - Starrucca Viaduct, Pennsylvania - Google Art Project.jpg|''Starruca Viaduct, Pennsylvania'', 1865, by ] File:Jasper Francis Cropsey - Starrucca Viaduct, Pennsylvania - Google Art Project.jpg|''Starruca Viaduct, Pennsylvania'', 1865, by ]
File:Starrucca Viaduct reflected.jpg|October 2009 File:Starrucca Viaduct reflected.jpg|October 2009
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{{reflist|refs= {{reflist|refs=
<ref name=HAERsurvey> <ref name=HAERsurvey>
{{cite web|title=HAER survey drawings (sheet 1 of 3)|url=https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/pa1270.sheet.00001a/}} {{cite web|title=HAER survey drawings (sheet 1 of 3)|website=] |url=https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/pa1270.sheet.00001a/}}
{{cite web|title=HAER survey drawings (sheet 2 of 3)|url=https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/pa1270.sheet.00002a/}} {{cite web|title=HAER survey drawings (sheet 2 of 3)|website=] |url=https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/pa1270.sheet.00002a/}}
{{cite web|title=HAER survey drawings (sheet 3 of 3)|url=https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/pa1270.sheet.00003a/|publisher=US Library of Congress|accessdate=29 January 2016}} {{cite web|title=HAER survey drawings (sheet 3 of 3)|url=https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/pa1270.sheet.00003a/|publisher=US Library of Congress|access-date=29 January 2016}}
</ref> </ref>


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{{Refbegin}} {{Refbegin}}
*{{HAER |survey=PA-6 |id=pa1270 |title=Erie Railway, Delaware Division, Bridge 189.46}} *{{HAER |survey=PA-6 |id=pa1270 |title=Erie Railway, Delaware Division, Bridge 189.46}}
*{{Structurae|id=20001298|title=Starrucca Viaduct|accessdate=2006-06-16}} *{{Structurae|id=20001298|title=Starrucca Viaduct|access-date=2006-06-16}}
*{{cite book|last=Plowden |first=David |title=Bridges: The Spans of North America |year=2002 |publisher=W. W. Norton |location=New York |isbn=9780393050561}} *{{cite book|last=Plowden |first=David |title=Bridges: The Spans of North America |year=2002 |publisher=W. W. Norton |location=New York |isbn=9780393050561}}
*American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA. Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks. Accessed 2013-10-04. *American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA. Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks. Accessed 2022-01-26.
*{{cite journal|title=Erie has Largest Stone Bridge|journal=Erie Railroad Magazine|date=August 1939|pages=11|url=http://elmags.railfan.net/ERIE_Aug1939.pdf|accessdate=2011-10-13}} *{{cite journal|title=Erie has Largest Stone Bridge|journal=Erie Railroad Magazine|date=August 1939|pages=11|url=https://elmags.railfan.net/ERIE_Aug1939.pdf|access-date=2011-10-13}}
*{{cite journal | last = Brown | first = Jeff L. | title = Rock Solid: Stone Arch Bridges of the 1840s | journal = Civil Engineering | pages = 44–47 | publisher = American Society of Civil Engineers | location = Reston, VA | date = January 2014 | issn = 0885-7024 }} *{{cite journal | last = Brown | first = Jeff L. | title = Rock Solid: Stone Arch Bridges of the 1840s | journal = Civil Engineering | pages = 44–47 | publisher = American Society of Civil Engineers | location = Reston, VA | date = January 2014 | issn = 0885-7024 }}
{{Refend}} {{Refend}}


==External links== ==External links==
* * at Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania's website
* * at ASCE Civil Engineering Landmarks
* * at Bridges & Tunnels
* at Literary & Cultural Heritage Map of PA
{{Commons category|Starrucca Viaduct}} {{Commons category|Starrucca Viaduct}}


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] ]
] ]
]
] ]
] ]

Latest revision as of 12:14, 11 August 2024

Bridge in Lanesboro, Pennsylvania
Starrucca Viaduct
A 1920 picture of the Starrucca Viaduct
Coordinates41°57′48″N 75°35′00″W / 41.9632°N 75.5833°W / 41.9632; -75.5833
CarriesTwo tracks of the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway
CrossesStarrucca Creek
LocaleLanesboro, Pennsylvania
Maintained byNew York, Susquehanna and Western Railway
Characteristics
DesignStone arch bridge
Total length1,040 feet (320 m)
WidthTwo tracks
Longest spanSeventeen spans of 50 feet (15 m)
Clearance below100 feet (30 m)
History
Opened1848
Location

Starrucca Viaduct is a stone arch bridge that spans Starrucca Creek near Lanesboro, Pennsylvania, in the United States. Completed in 1848 at a cost of $320,000 (equal to $11,268,923 today), it was at the time the world's largest stone railway viaduct and was thought to be the most expensive railway bridge as well. Still in use, the viaduct is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is designated as a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark.

History

19th century

The viaduct was designed by Julius W. Adams and James P. Kirkwood and built in 1847–48 by the New York and Erie Railroad, of locally-quarried random ashlar bluestone, except for three brick interior longitudinal spandrel walls and the concrete bases of the piers. This may have been the first structural use of concrete in American bridge construction.

It was built to solve an engineering problem posed by the wide valley of Starrucca Creek. The railroad considered building an embankment, but abandoned the idea as impractical. The Erie Railroad was well-financed by British investors but, even with money available, most American contractors at the time were incapable of the task. Julius W. Adams, the superintending engineer of construction in the area, hired James P. Kirkwood, a civil engineer who had worked on the Long Island Rail Road. Accounts differ as to whether Kirkwood worked on the bridge himself, or whether Adams was responsible for the plans with Kirkwood working as a subordinate. The lead stonemason, Thomas Heavey, an Irish immigrant from County Offaly, worked on other projects for Kirkwood, primarily in New England. It took 800 workers, each paid about $1 per day, equal to $35.22 today, to complete the bridge in a year. The falsework for the bridge required more than half a million feet of cord and hewn timbers.

The original single broad gauge track was replaced by two standard gauge tracks in 1886. The roadbed deck under the tracks was reinforced with a layer of concrete in 1958.

The bridge has been in continual use for more than a century and a half.

20th century

The viaduct was designated as a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1973 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

21st century

In 2005, the Norfolk Southern Railway leased the portion of the line from Port Jervis to Binghamton, New York to the Delaware Otsego Corporation, which operates it under the name Central New York Railway. The only railroad currently using it is Delaware Otsego's New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway.


See also

References

  1. "HAER survey drawings (sheet 1 of 3)". Library of Congress. "HAER survey drawings (sheet 2 of 3)". Library of Congress. "HAER survey drawings (sheet 3 of 3)". US Library of Congress. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
  2. Treese, Lorett (2003). Railroads of Pennsylvania: Fragments of the Past in the Keystone Landscape. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books. p. 173. ISBN 9780811743570. Retrieved 25 September 2021.

External links

US National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Topics

Lists by county
Lists by city
Other lists
Bridges and tunnels on the National Register of Historic Places
Categories: