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{{Short description|Turkish passenger ship}}
{{pp-30-500|small=yes}}
{{Multiple issues| {{Multiple issues|
{{lead too short|date=August 2014}} {{lead too short|date=August 2014}}
{{Cleanup|reason=NPOV, grammar, and style issues, non-standard formatting (e.g. links in the middle of sentences)|date=August 2016}} {{Cleanup|reason=NPOV, grammar, and style issues)|date=August 2016}}
}} }}


{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2012}} {{Use mdy dates|date=February 2019}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin|infobox caption=MV ''Mavi Marmara''}} {|{{Infobox ship begin|infobox caption=MV ''Mavi Marmara''}}
{{Infobox ship image {{Infobox ship image
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|Ship operator={{lang|tr|IHH (İnsani Yardım Vakfı)}}<ref name="hurriyet-turkish rights" /> |Ship operator={{lang|tr|IHH (İnsani Yardım Vakfı)}}<ref name="hurriyet-turkish rights" />
|Ship ordered= |Ship ordered=
|Ship builder= {{lang|tr|Türkiye Gemi Sanayii A.Ş.}}<ref name="tg">{{cite web |url=http://www.turkgemileri.com/ships/mavimarmara.htm |publisher=Türk Gemileri |title=Mavi Marmara |language=Turkish |accessdate=May 31, 2010 }}</ref> |Ship builder= {{lang|tr|Türkiye Gemi Sanayii A.Ş.}}<ref name="tg">{{cite web |url=http://www.turkgemileri.com/ships/mavimarmara.htm |publisher=Türk Gemileri |title=Mavi Marmara |language=tr |access-date=May 31, 2010 }}</ref>
|Ship yard number= 302<ref name="tg"/> |Ship yard number= 302<ref name="tg"/>
|Ship laid down= |Ship laid down=
|Ship launched= |Ship launched=
|Ship completed= November 9, 1994<ref name="dto">{{cite web |url=http://www.dtoizmir.org/ShiplistDetay%281%29.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=Izmir Maritime Chamber of Commerce |title=Detay Gemi Listesi |language=Turkish |accessdate=May 31, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011055338/http://www.dtoizmir.org/ShiplistDetay(1).pdf |archivedate=October 11, 2010 |df=mdy-all }} |</ref> |Ship completed= November 9, 1994<ref name="dto">{{cite web |url=http://www.dtoizmir.org/ShiplistDetay%281%29.pdf |publisher=Izmir Maritime Chamber of Commerce |title=Detay Gemi Listesi |language=tr |access-date=May 31, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011055338/http://www.dtoizmir.org/ShiplistDetay(1).pdf |archive-date=October 11, 2010 }} |</ref>
|Ship christened= |Ship christened=
|Ship renamed= |Ship renamed=
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|Ship fate= |Ship fate=
|Ship status= |Ship status=
|Ship identification= {{IMO Number|9005869}}<ref name="ds">{{cite web |url=http://www.digital-seas.com/vessel_search/vessel_details/on/d6fu2_m_s_mavi_marmara_q2052726.html |publisher=Digital Seas |title=MS Mavi Marmara |accessdate=May 31, 2010 }}</ref> |Ship identification= {{IMO Number|9005869}}<ref name="ds">{{cite web |url=http://www.digital-seas.com/vessel_search/vessel_details/on/d6fu2_m_s_mavi_marmara_q2052726.html |publisher=Digital Seas |title=MS Mavi Marmara |access-date=May 31, 2010 }}</ref>
}} }}
{{Infobox ship characteristics {{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header= |Hide header=
|Header caption= |Header caption=
|Ship class= Passenger ship |Ship type= Passenger ship
|Ship tonnage= {{GT|4,142}} |Ship tonnage= {{GT|4,142}}
|Ship displacement= |Ship displacement=
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|Ship height= |Ship height=
|Ship draught= |Ship draught=
|Ship draft={{convert|4|m|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="mt">{{cite web |url=http://www.marinetraffic.com/ais/tr/shipdetails.aspx?mmsi=616952000&header=true |publisher=Marine Traffic |title=M/S Mavi Marmara |language=Turkish |accessdate=May 31, 2010 }}</ref> |Ship draft={{convert|4|m|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="mt">{{cite web |url=http://www.marinetraffic.com/ais/tr/shipdetails.aspx?mmsi=616952000&header=true |publisher=Marine Traffic |title=M/S Mavi Marmara |language=tr |access-date=May 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100604052004/http://www.marinetraffic.com/ais/tr/shipdetails.aspx?mmsi=616952000&header=true |archive-date=June 4, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|Ship depth= |Ship depth=
|Ship ice class= |Ship ice class=
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|}{{gaza blockade}} |}{{gaza blockade}}


'''MV ''Mavi Marmara''''' is a ]-flagged<ref>{{cite news|title=İsrail ‘uluslararası suları’ kabul etti|url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/dunya/14896132.asp|date=June 1, 2010}}</ref> passenger ship, which was formerly owned and operated by ] on the line ], Istanbul-]-] in the ]. Built at the Golden Gate Shipyard by Turkish Shipbuilding Co. in 1994, the ship has a capacity of 1,080 passengers.<ref name="ido">{{cite web |url=http://www.ido.com.tr/index.cfm?page=SubPage&textid=846&kapsam=7&ln=tr |publisher=IDO |title=Mavi Marmara Yolcu Gemisi |language=Turkish |accessdate=May 31, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603232355/http://www.ido.com.tr/index.cfm?page=SubPage&textid=846&kapsam=7&ln=tr |archivedate=June 3, 2010 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> It is best known for its participation in the ] and the deadly confrontation that took place on it during the ]. '''MV ''Mavi Marmara''''' is a ]-flagged<ref>{{cite news|title=İsrail 'uluslararası suları' kabul etti|url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/dunya/14896132.asp|date=June 1, 2010}}</ref> passenger ship, which was formerly owned and operated by ] on the line ], Istanbul-]-] in the ]. Built at the Golden Gate Shipyard by Turkish Shipbuilding Co. in 1994, the ship has a capacity of 1,080 passengers.<ref name="ido">{{cite web |url=http://www.ido.com.tr/index.cfm?page=SubPage&textid=846&kapsam=7&ln=tr |publisher=IDO |title=Mavi Marmara Yolcu Gemisi |language=tr |access-date=May 31, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603232355/http://www.ido.com.tr/index.cfm?page=SubPage&textid=846&kapsam=7&ln=tr |archive-date=June 3, 2010 }}</ref> It is best known for its participation in the ] and the deadly confrontation that took place on it during the ].


==History== ==History==
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{{main|Gaza flotilla raid}} {{main|Gaza flotilla raid}}


The MV ''{{lang|tr|Mavi Marmara}}'' was purchased in 2010 by the ], a ] NGO active as a charity organization in more than 115 countries.<ref name=BBC_01June2010a>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/middle_east/10202678.stm |title=Profile: Free Gaza Movement |date=June 1, 2010 |work=BBC News|publisher=BBC |accessdate=April 29, 2011}}</ref> The group has represented its Turkish language name in English in various ways, "IHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ihh.org.tr/ihh-dan-israil-raporuna-aciklama/en/ |title=IHH Statement Regarding The Israeli Report |quote=IHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation continues to insist on its request for an international probe to independently investigate the Israeli attack on Mavi Marmara. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820132306/http://www.ihh.org.tr/ihh-dan-israil-raporuna-aciklama/en |archivedate=August 20, 2010 |df= }}</ref> among them. It has held ] with the ] since 2004,<ref name="ecosoc">{{Cite web|title=Foundation for Human Rights and Freedoms and Humanitarian Relief, The |url=http://esango.un.org/civilsociety/showProfileDetail.do?method=showProfileDetails&tab=1&profileCode=2525 |publisher=NGO Branch, ]|accessdate=June 2, 2010}}</ref><ref name="ecosocNGOlist">{{Cite web|title=List of non-governmental organizations in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council as of 1 September 2009 | url=http://esango.un.org/paperless/content/E2009INF4.pdf |format=PDF|publisher=] |accessdate=June 8, 2010}}</ref> and is endorsed by international figures that include South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Mairead Corrigan Maguire.<ref name=BBC_01June2010a/><ref name=Telegraph_31May2010a>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/7790919/Gaza-flotilla-the-Free-Gaza-Movement-and-the-IHH.html |title=Gaza flotilla: the Free Gaza Movement and the IHH |author= Spencer, Richard |date=May 31, 2010 |work=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=April 29, 2011 |location=London}}</ref> The MV ''{{lang|tr|Mavi Marmara}}'' was purchased in 2010 by the ], a ] NGO active as a charity organization in more than 115 countries.<ref name=BBC_01June2010a>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/middle_east/10202678.stm |title=Profile: Free Gaza Movement |date=June 1, 2010 |work=BBC News|publisher=BBC |access-date=April 29, 2011}}</ref> The group has represented its Turkish language name in English in various ways, "IHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ihh.org.tr/ihh-dan-israil-raporuna-aciklama/en/ |title=IHH Statement Regarding The Israeli Report |quote=IHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation continues to insist on its request for an international probe to independently investigate the Israeli attack on Mavi Marmara. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820132306/http://www.ihh.org.tr/ihh-dan-israil-raporuna-aciklama/en |archive-date=August 20, 2010 }}</ref> among them. It has held ] with the ] since 2004,<ref name="ecosoc">{{Cite web|title=Foundation for Human Rights and Freedoms and Humanitarian Relief, The |url=http://esango.un.org/civilsociety/showProfileDetail.do?method=showProfileDetails&tab=1&profileCode=2525 |publisher=NGO Branch, ]|access-date=June 2, 2010}}</ref><ref name="ecosocNGOlist">{{Cite web|title=List of non-governmental organizations in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council as of 1 September 2009 | url=http://esango.un.org/paperless/content/E2009INF4.pdf |publisher=] |access-date=June 8, 2010}}</ref> and is endorsed by international figures that include South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Mairead Corrigan Maguire.<ref name=BBC_01June2010a/><ref name=Telegraph_31May2010a>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/7790919/Gaza-flotilla-the-Free-Gaza-Movement-and-the-IHH.html |title=Gaza flotilla: the Free Gaza Movement and the IHH |author= Spencer, Richard |date=May 31, 2010 |work=The Daily Telegraph |access-date=April 29, 2011 |location=London}}</ref>


The German IHH is classified in Israel and Holland as a terrorist organization.<ref>{{cite news |author=Benjamin Weinthal |url=http://www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?id=218594 |title=Dutch government places IHH on terror list |newspaper=The Jerusalem Post |date=May 1, 2011 |accessdate=June 3, 2014}}</ref> Much of their money goes to the ], which is designated as a ] by the US Office of Foreign Asset Control and banned by Executive Order 13224.<ref name="eo-13224" /> In 2010, the US State Department expressed great concern over the group's links with senior Hamas officials.<ref name="US concern about IHH-Hamas links">{{cite news|title=US concerned over IHH-Hamas ties|url=http://www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?id=177328|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=March 6, 2010}}</ref> Israel's ], an NGO with close ties to the Israeli Defense Forces, along with multiple Israeli governmental officials have alleged that the IHH supports terrorism, has smuggled arms on behalf of terrorist groups, and has links to al-Qaeda and other Jihadist groups.<ref name=BBC_01June2010a/><ref name=Telegraph_31May2010a/> The IHH denies these claims, and Greta Berlin, a director of the ], called the claims "utterly scurrilous", characterizing them as an attempt by the Israeli government to discredit the movement.<ref name=BBC_01June2010a/> The German IHH is classified in Israel and Holland as a terrorist organization.<ref>{{cite news |author=Benjamin Weinthal |url=https://www.jpost.com/international/dutch-government-places-ihh-on-terror-list |title=Dutch government places IHH on terror list |newspaper=The Jerusalem Post |date=May 1, 2011 |access-date=May 6, 2024}}</ref> Much of their money goes to the ], which is designated as a ] by the US ] and banned by Executive Order 13224.<ref name="eo-13224" /> In 2010, the US State Department expressed great concern over the group's links with senior Hamas officials.<ref name="US concern about IHH-Hamas links">{{cite news|title=US concerned over IHH-Hamas ties|url=http://www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?id=177328|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=March 6, 2010}}</ref> Israel's ], an NGO with close ties to the Israeli Defense Forces, along with multiple Israeli governmental officials have alleged that the IHH supports terrorism, has smuggled arms on behalf of terrorist groups, and has links to al-Qaeda and other Jihadist groups.<ref name=BBC_01June2010a/><ref name=Telegraph_31May2010a/> The IHH denies these claims, and Greta Berlin, a director of the ], called the claims "utterly scurrilous", characterizing them as an attempt by the Israeli government to discredit the movement.<ref name=BBC_01June2010a/>


However, IHH Turkey has denied any links to the group in Germany and, as of 2016, continues to work on projects in Gaza. Turkish legal authorities are investigating allegations that one of the key figures behind the May 2010 Gaza flotilla, ], was involved in transferring funds to al-Qaida, the Turkish daily Habertürk reported on June 15, 2012.<ref name="Turkey investigating IHH head for funding al-Qaida">{{cite news|title=Turkey investigating IHH head for funding al-Qaida|url=http://www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?ID=273979&R=R1|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=June 15, 2010}}</ref> However, IHH Turkey has denied any links to the group in Germany<ref>{{cite web |date=July 17, 2010 |title=We have no links with the IHH in Germany |location=Istanbul |publisher=] |url=http://www.ihh.org.tr/en/main/region/europe/11/we-have-no-links-with-the-ihh-in-germany/168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205093753/https://www.ihh.org.tr/en/news/we-have-no-links-with-the-ihh-in-germany-168 |archive-date=February 5, 2017}}</ref> and, as of 2016, continues to work on projects in Gaza.<ref>{{cite web |last=Lee |first=Iara |date=July 16, 2010 |title=Slandering the Good Guys: Some Basic Facts About IHH |work=] |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/slandering-the-good-guys_b_649604 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728130123/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/slandering-the-good-guys_b_649604 |archive-date=July 28, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Fleishman |first=Jeffrey |date=June 6, 2010 |title=Turkish charity defends actions |work=] |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-jun-06-la-fg-turkey-charity-20100606-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728130947/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-jun-06-la-fg-turkey-charity-20100606-story.html |archive-date=July 28, 2019}}</ref> Turkish legal authorities are investigating allegations that one of the key figures behind the May 2010 Gaza flotilla, ], was involved in transferring funds to al-Qaida, the Turkish daily Habertürk reported on June 15, 2012.<ref name="Turkey investigating IHH head for funding al-Qaida">{{cite news|title=Turkey investigating IHH head for funding al-Qaida|url=http://www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?ID=273979&R=R1|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=June 15, 2010}}</ref>


The IHH acquired the ''Mavi Marmara'' at a cost of $800,000, to be defrayed by public donations, as no shipowner was willing to risk their vessel on the journey.<ref name="hurriyet-turkish rights">{{cite news|title=Turkish rights group's cargo ship to set sail with Gaza aid|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=cargo-ship-will-set-out-to-gaza-to-deliver-aid-2010-04-13|work=Hürriyet|date=May 13, 2010}}</ref> The ship took part in a flotilla of ships operated by activist groups from 37 different countries with the intention of directly confronting the ]. On May 30, 2010, while in ] and en route to Gaza, Israeli Naval Forces communicated that a naval blockade over the Gaza area was in force and ordered the ships to follow them to ] or to be boarded. The ships declined and were boarded in international waters. The boarding started at 2&nbsp;am on May 31, 2010, and was completed by 8&nbsp;am. Reports from journalists on the ship and from the UN report on the incident concluded that the Israeli military opened fire with live rounds before boarding the ship.<ref name="live rounds"/> The IHH acquired the ''Mavi Marmara'' at a cost of $800,000, to be defrayed by public donations, as no shipowner was willing to risk their vessel on the journey.<ref name="hurriyet-turkish rights">{{cite news|title=Turkish rights group's cargo ship to set sail with Gaza aid|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=cargo-ship-will-set-out-to-gaza-to-deliver-aid-2010-04-13|work=Hürriyet|date=May 13, 2010}}</ref> The ship took part in a flotilla of ships operated by activist groups from 37 different countries with the intention of directly confronting the ]. On May 30, 2010, while in ] and en route to Gaza, Israeli Naval Forces communicated that a naval blockade over the Gaza area was in force and ordered the ships to follow them to ] or to be boarded. The ships declined and were boarded in international waters. The boarding started at 2&nbsp;am on May 31, 2010, and was completed by 8&nbsp;am. Reports from journalists on the ship<ref>{{cite news |last=Gabbatt |first=Adam |date=May 31, 2010 |title=Israel attacks Gaza flotilla&nbsp;- live coverage |work=] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/blog/2010/may/31/israel-troops-gaza-ships |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130914225959/https://www.theguardian.com/world/blog/2010/may/31/israel-troops-gaza-ships |archive-date=September 14, 2013}}</ref> and from the UN report on the incident concluded that the Israeli military opened fire with live rounds before boarding the ship.<ref name="live rounds"/>


====Violent incident==== ====Violent incident====
Passengers on the ship actively attempted to thwart a landing on the ship by Israeli commandos, In the violent clash that followed, nine activists were killed (according to the UN Report),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/15session/A.HRC.15.21_en.pdf|format=PDF|work=Human Rights Council|title=Fifteenth session}}</ref> and a tenth died three years later of his wounds. Several dozen activists were claimed to be injured, some seriously. Israel claimed 10 of its soldiers were injured, one seriously.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/10195838.stm|title=Deaths as Israeli forces storm Gaza aid ship|publisher=BBC News|date=May 31, 2010}}</ref> Passengers on the ship actively attempted to thwart a landing on the ship by Israeli commandos. In the violent clash that followed, nine activists were killed (according to the UN Report),<ref>{{cite web |title=Fifteenth session, agenda item 1 |date=September 27, 2010 |publisher=] |url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/15session/A.HRC.15.21_en.pdf |access-date=July 28, 2019 |ref={{harvid|HRC report|2010}}}}</ref> and a tenth died four years later of his wounds.<ref>{{cite web |date=May 25, 2014 |title=Mavi Marmara death toll rises to 10 |work=] |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/humanrights/2014/05/mavi-marmara-death-toll-rises-10-2014525145911267813.html |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521011309/http://www.aljazeera.com/humanrights/2014/05/mavi-marmara-death-toll-rises-10-2014525145911267813.html |archive-date=May 21, 2016 |access-date=May 20, 2016 }}</ref> Several dozen activists were claimed to be injured, some seriously. Israel claimed 10 of its soldiers were injured, one seriously.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/10195838.stm|title=Deaths as Israeli forces storm Gaza aid ship|publisher=BBC News|date=May 31, 2010}}</ref>

⚫ The U.N. report stated that knives from the ship's kitchens (plus one traditional, ceremonial knife), some catapults (slingshots) and metal pipes the passengers cut from the ship's railings were found. Turkey unveiled its final report on the Israeli attack on the Gaza-bound aid convoy on February 11, 2011.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.turkishpress.com/news.asp?id=364071|title=Turkey unveils its final report on Israeli attack on Gaza-bound aid convoy|publisher=Turkish Press|date=February 11, 2011}}</ref> The Israeli government-appointed ] unveiled its final report in January 2011, and found both the blockade and the force used by the Israeli soldiers to be legal. A Polish authority on admiralty law, Professor Andrzej Makowski of the Polish Naval Academy in Gdynia, also upheld this view in an extensive article in the '']'' in May 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://israelcfr.com/documents/7-2/7-2-6-AndrzejMakowski.pdf|title=The Mavi Marmara Incident and the Modern Law of Armed Conflict at Sea|publisher=Israel Journal on Foreign Relations|date= May 2013}}</ref>


⚫ The U.N. report stated that knives from the ship's kitchens (plus one traditional, ceremonial knife), some catapults (slingshots) and metal pipes the passengers cut from the ship's railings were found. Turkey unveiled its final report on Israeli attack on Gaza-bound aid convoy on February 11, 2011.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.turkishpress.com/news.asp?id=364071|title=Turkey unveils its final report on Israeli attack on Gaza-bound aid convoy|publisher=Turkish Press|date=February 11, 2011}}</ref> The Israeli government-appointed ] unveiled its final report on January 2011, and found both the blockade and the force used by the Israeli soldiers to be legal. A Polish authority on admiralty law, Professor Andrzej Makowski of the Polish Naval Academy in Gdynia, also upheld this view in an extensive article in the '']'' in May 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://israelcfr.com/documents/7-2/7-2-6-AndrzejMakowski.pdf|format=PDF|title=The Mavi Marmara Incident and the Modern Law of Armed Conflict at Sea|publisher=Israel Journal on Foreign Relations|date= May 2013}}</ref>


====No humanitarian aid====
The ''Mavi Marmara'' was a passenger ship and did not carry any humanitarian aid, though other ships (four of the six in the convoy) did carry aid supplies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Communiques/2010/Equipment_aid_Gaza_flotilla_7-Jun-2010.htm |title=Summary of equipment and aid aboard the Gaza flotilla |publisher=Israel MFA |date=June 7, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5sRBdbpLE?url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Communiques/2010/Equipment_aid_Gaza_flotilla_7-Jun-2010.htm |archivedate=September 2, 2010 |df= }}</ref>
] said that they found knives, metal and wood sticks in the ship.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Communiques/2010/Maj-Gen-res_Eiland_presents_conclusions_examination_team_12-Jul-2010.htm |title=Maj-Gen (res.) Eiland presents conclusions of examination team |work=GxMSDev |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124142440/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Communiques/2010/Maj-Gen-res_Eiland_presents_conclusions_examination_team_12-Jul-2010.htm |archivedate=November 24, 2011 |df= }}</ref> The Ministry of Foreign Affairs informed, that the humanitarian aid found, was scattered and thrown onto piles and not packed properly for transport, i.e. on wooden bases, and some of the equipment was crushed by the weight in transit. Medicines had already expired, or expired soon after the unloading, and a large part of the equipment (shoes, clothing) was worn and second hand, sterile equipment was carelessly wrapped.<ref name=A7-NoHumanitariaAid>{{cite news|last1=Ronen|first1=Gil|title=It's Official: There was No Humanitarian Aid on Mavi Marmara|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/137997|accessdate=29 June 2015|publisher=Arutz Sheva|date=10 June 2014}}</ref>


====Release and return home==== ====Release and return home====
] ]


The Israeli government decided on July 23, 2010, to release the three ships of the Gaza Freedom flotilla, two of which had been moored at the ] and the third at the ] since their interception. Three Turkish ]s were dispatched to bring the ships back to Turkey. The ''Mavi Marmara'' was towed by the ''Ocean Ergun'' in a two-day ride to the Port of ], arriving an August 7, 2010.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/dunya/15485007.asp |newspaper=] |title=Mavi Marmara gemisi Türkiye doğru yola çıkıyor |date=August 4, 2010 |language=Turkish }}</ref> The Israeli government decided on July 23, 2010, to release the three ships of the Gaza Freedom flotilla, two of which had been moored at the ] and the third at the ] since their interception. Three Turkish ]s were dispatched to bring the ships back to Turkey. The ''Mavi Marmara'' was towed by the ''Ocean Ergun'' in a two-day ride to the Port of ], arriving an August 7, 2010.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/dunya/15485007.asp |newspaper=] |title=Mavi Marmara gemisi Türkiye doğru yola çıkıyor |date=August 4, 2010 |language=tr }}</ref>


Nobody was permitted to board the ''Mavi Marmara'' due to investigations underway by the public prosecutor, but broken windows and bullet holes on the glass of the ] were visible in pictures released. The IHH emblem on the ship's ] was painted over in white.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/15505285.asp |newspaper=] |title=‘Mavi Marmara' İskenderun'da |date=August 7, 2010 |language=Turkish }}</ref> According to Turkish news, forensic teams identified some 250 bullet holes in the ship, many of which they claim were painted or plastered over by Israel.<ref>{{cite news |last=Aktuğ |first=Ufuk |date=August 10, 2010 |title=Mavi Marmara'da 250 mermi izi çıktı |trans-title=250 bullet scars found on the Mavi Marmara |language=Turkish |url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/Radikal.aspx?aType=RadikalDetay&ArticleID=1013066&Date=11.08.2010&CategoryID=77 |newspaper=] |accessdate=January 19, 2014}}</ref> ship returned to ] harbour on December 26, 2010, in a welcoming ceremony attended by thousands.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.todayszaman.com/news-230733-thousands-greets-mavi-marmara-aid-ship.html |newspaper=] |title=Thousands greets Mavi Marmara aid ship |date=December 26, 2010}}</ref> Nobody was permitted to board the ''Mavi Marmara'' due to investigations underway by the public prosecutor, but broken windows and bullet holes on the glass of the ] were visible in pictures released. The IHH emblem on the ship's ] was painted over in white.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/15505285.asp |newspaper=] |title='Mavi Marmara' İskenderun'da |date=August 7, 2010 |language=tr }}</ref> According to Turkish news, forensic teams identified some 250 bullet holes in the ship, many of which they claim were painted or plastered over by Israel.<ref>{{cite news |last=Aktuğ |first=Ufuk |date=August 10, 2010 |title=Mavi Marmara'da 250 mermi izi çıktı |trans-title=250 bullet scars found on the Mavi Marmara |language=tr |url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/Radikal.aspx?aType=RadikalDetay&ArticleID=1013066&Date=11.08.2010&CategoryID=77 |newspaper=] |access-date=January 19, 2014}}</ref> The ship returned to ] harbour on December 26, 2010, in a welcoming ceremony attended by thousands.<ref>{{cite news |title=Thousands greets Mavi Marmara aid ship |date=December 26, 2010 |newspaper=] |url=http://www.todayszaman.com/news-230733-thousands-greets-mavi-marmara-aid-ship.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228032842/http://www.todayszaman.com/news-230733-thousands-greets-mavi-marmara-aid-ship.html |archive-date=December 28, 2010}}</ref>


===Freedom Flotilla II=== ===Freedom Flotilla II===
{{main|Freedom Flotilla II}} {{main|Freedom Flotilla II}}
A coalition of 22 NGOs announced on May 9, 2011, that a "Freedom Flotilla II" was planned for the third week of June 2011.<ref name="NYT_11May2011a">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/12/world/middleeast/12iht-M12-TURK-FLEET.html |newspaper=] |title=A Year After Israeli Raid, 2nd Flotilla to Set Sail for Gaza |date=May 11, 2011 |first=Susanne |last=Güsten}}</ref> The ''Financial Times'' reported on June 17, 2011, that the ''Mavi Marmara'' would not be sailing, as previously announced. The ] said that after damage caused last year to the ship, that it was not in a position to put to sea. The group stressed that it would still be part of the new flotilla; members of the group will board other ships in the effort.<ref>{{cite news |date=June 17, 2011 |author=Tobias Buck |work=Financial Times |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/ec4ab2dc-98eb-11e0-bd66-00144feab49a.html#axzz1Q5NwJZP2 |title=Turkish flagship pulls out of Gaza flotilla |accessdate=June 3, 2014 |subscription=yes}}</ref> A coalition of 22 NGOs announced on May 9, 2011, that a "Freedom Flotilla II" was planned for the third week of June 2011.<ref name="NYT_11May2011a">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/12/world/middleeast/12iht-M12-TURK-FLEET.html |newspaper=] |title=A Year After Israeli Raid, 2nd Flotilla to Set Sail for Gaza |date=May 11, 2011 |first=Susanne |last=Güsten}}</ref> The ''Financial Times'' reported on June 17, 2011, that the ''Mavi Marmara'' would not be sailing, as previously announced. The ] said that after damage caused last year to the ship, that it was not in a position to put to sea. The group stressed that it would still be part of the new flotilla; members of the group will board other ships in the effort.<ref>{{cite news |date=June 17, 2011 |author=Tobias Buck |work=Financial Times |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/ec4ab2dc-98eb-11e0-bd66-00144feab49a.html#axzz1Q5NwJZP2 |title=Turkish flagship pulls out of Gaza flotilla |access-date=June 3, 2014 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>


==Ship's registry== ==Ship's registry==
Line 96: Line 96:


==Sister ships== ==Sister ships==
* MS ''TDI Karadeniz'',<ref name="tg"/> since renamed MS ''Dream''.{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}} * ''TDI Karadeniz'',<ref name="tg"/> since renamed ''Dream''.<ref name="miramar">{{csr|register=MSI|id=9005871|shipname=TDI Karadeniz|accessdate=3 March 2021}}</ref>


==References== ==References==


{{Reflist|2|refs= {{Reflist|2|refs=
<ref name="eo-13224"> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130212752/http://www.ustreas.gov/press/releases/hp1267.htm |date=November 30, 2010 }} US Treasury, November 12, 2008 <ref name="eo-13224">{{cite press release |date=November 12, 2008 |title=Treasury Designates the Union of Good |publisher=U.S. Department of the Treasury |url=http://www.ustreas.gov/press/releases/hp1267.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130212752/http://www.ustreas.gov/press/releases/hp1267.htm |archive-date=November 30, 2010}}
<br/>• {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910021822/http://www.treasury.gov/offices/enforcement/ofac/programs/terror/terror.pdf |date=September 10, 2008 }} <br/>• {{cite web |title=Executive order 13224 |date=August 28, 2008<!-- see page 115--> |publisher=U.S. Department of the Treasury, ] |url=http://www.treasury.gov/offices/enforcement/ofac/programs/terror/terror.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130212752/http://www.ustreas.gov/press/releases/hp1267.htm |archive-date=November 30, 2010}}
<br/>• {{cite news |title=US concerned over IHH-Hamas ties |work=The Jerusalem Post |url=http://www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?id=177328 |author=Hilary Krieger |date=March 6, 2010 |accessdate=30 January 2012 }} <br/>• {{cite news |title=US concerned over IHH-Hamas ties |work=The Jerusalem Post |url=http://www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?id=177328 |author=Hilary Krieger |date=March 6, 2010 |access-date=January 30, 2012 }}
<br/>• {{cite web |title=Portrait of IHH |url=http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/hamas_e105.htm |publisher=Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center |date=2010-05-26 |accessdate=30 January 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100530032406/http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/hamas_e105.htm |archivedate=May 30, 2010 |df=mdy-all }} <br/>• {{cite web |title=Portrait of IHH |url=http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/hamas_e105.htm |publisher=Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center |date=May 26, 2010 |access-date=January 30, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100530032406/http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/hamas_e105.htm |archive-date=May 30, 2010 }}
<br/>• {{cite news |title=The Terror Finance Flotilla |url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/terror-finance-flotilla |author=Jonathan Schanzer |work=The Weekly Standard |date=2010-05-31 |accessdate=2012-01-13 }} <br/>• {{cite news |title=The Terror Finance Flotilla |url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/terror-finance-flotilla |author=Jonathan Schanzer |work=The Weekly Standard |date=May 31, 2010 |access-date=January 13, 2012 }}
<br/>• {{cite news |title=Germany outlaws charity over alleged Hamas links |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/germany-outlaws-charity-over-alleged-hamas-links-1.301483 |work=Haaretz |author=DPA |date=July 12, 2010 |accessdate=2012-01-13 }}</ref> <br/>• {{cite news |title=Germany outlaws charity over alleged Hamas links |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/germany-outlaws-charity-over-alleged-hamas-links-1.301483 |work=Haaretz |author=DPA |date=July 12, 2010 |access-date=January 13, 2012 }}</ref>


<ref name="live rounds">http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/15session/A.HRC.15.21_en.pdf <ref name="live rounds">{{harvnb|HRC report|2010|p=26}}
<br/>• http://english.aljazeera.net/video/middleeast/2010/06/201063123021327499.html <br/>• {{cite AV media |title=Interview with Jamal Elshayyal |date=June 3, 2010 |work=] |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/video/middleeast/2010/06/201063123021327499.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325153704/https://www.aljazeera.com/video/middleeast/2010/06/201063123021327499.html |archive-date=Mar 25, 2019}}
<br/>• {{cite news|last=Katz |first=Yaakov |title=Navy commandos:'They came for war' |url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=177040 |work=The Jerusalem Post |accessdate=March 20, 2011 }} <br/>• {{cite news |last=Katz |first=Yaakov |title=Navy commandos:'They came for war' |url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=177040 |work=The Jerusalem Post |access-date=March 20, 2011 }}
<br/>• {{cite news|date=June 2, 2010 |title=Details emerge of bloodshed aboard Gaza-bound ship |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5i4FlVwMgaQcImeSQwTKnGrH2VZUAD9G3CKJO0 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5qHYg61LU?url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5i4FlVwMgaQcImeSQwTKnGrH2VZUAD9G3CKJO0 |archivedate=June 6, 2010 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> <br/>• {{cite news |title=Details emerge of bloodshed aboard Gaza-bound ship |date=June 2, 2010 |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5i4FlVwMgaQcImeSQwTKnGrH2VZUAD9G3CKJO0 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5qHYg61LU?url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5i4FlVwMgaQcImeSQwTKnGrH2VZUAD9G3CKJO0 |archive-date=June 6, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
}} }}


Latest revision as of 05:41, 14 August 2024

Turkish passenger ship

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MV Mavi Marmara
MV Mavi Marmara leaving Antalya for Gaza on May 22, 2010.
History
Comoros
NameMV Mavi Marmara
OwnerIHH (İnsani Yardım Vakfı)
OperatorIHH (İnsani Yardım Vakfı)
BuilderTürkiye Gemi Sanayii A.Ş.
Yard number302
CompletedNovember 9, 1994
HomeportMoroni, Comoros (2010). Previously Istanbul, Turkey
IdentificationIMO number: 9005869
General characteristics
TypePassenger ship
Tonnage4,142 GT
Length93 m (305 ft)
Beam20 m (66 ft)
Draft4 m (13 ft)
Installed power4,400 kW
Propulsion2
Speedmax. 9.9 knots (18.3 km/h; 11.4 mph)- avg. 7.2 knots (13.3 km/h; 8.3 mph)
Capacity1,080 passengers
Blockade of the
Gaza Strip
Crossings
2004 - 2009
2010
2011 - present
Groups involved

MV Mavi Marmara is a Comoros-flagged passenger ship, which was formerly owned and operated by İDO Istanbul Fast Ferries Co. Inc. on the line Sarayburnu, Istanbul-Marmara Island-Avşa Island in the Sea of Marmara. Built at the Golden Gate Shipyard by Turkish Shipbuilding Co. in 1994, the ship has a capacity of 1,080 passengers. It is best known for its participation in the Gaza Freedom Flotilla and the deadly confrontation that took place on it during the Gaza flotilla raid.

History

Gaza Freedom Flotilla

Main article: Gaza flotilla raid

The MV Mavi Marmara was purchased in 2010 by the IHH, a Turkish NGO active as a charity organization in more than 115 countries. The group has represented its Turkish language name in English in various ways, "IHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation" among them. It has held Special Consultative Status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council since 2004, and is endorsed by international figures that include South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Mairead Corrigan Maguire.

The German IHH is classified in Israel and Holland as a terrorist organization. Much of their money goes to the Union of Good, which is designated as a Specially Designated Terrorist Group by the US Office of Foreign Assets Control and banned by Executive Order 13224. In 2010, the US State Department expressed great concern over the group's links with senior Hamas officials. Israel's Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center, an NGO with close ties to the Israeli Defense Forces, along with multiple Israeli governmental officials have alleged that the IHH supports terrorism, has smuggled arms on behalf of terrorist groups, and has links to al-Qaeda and other Jihadist groups. The IHH denies these claims, and Greta Berlin, a director of the Free Gaza Movement, called the claims "utterly scurrilous", characterizing them as an attempt by the Israeli government to discredit the movement.

However, IHH Turkey has denied any links to the group in Germany and, as of 2016, continues to work on projects in Gaza. Turkish legal authorities are investigating allegations that one of the key figures behind the May 2010 Gaza flotilla, Fehmi Bülent Yıldırım, was involved in transferring funds to al-Qaida, the Turkish daily Habertürk reported on June 15, 2012.

The IHH acquired the Mavi Marmara at a cost of $800,000, to be defrayed by public donations, as no shipowner was willing to risk their vessel on the journey. The ship took part in a flotilla of ships operated by activist groups from 37 different countries with the intention of directly confronting the Israeli blockade over Gaza. On May 30, 2010, while in international waters and en route to Gaza, Israeli Naval Forces communicated that a naval blockade over the Gaza area was in force and ordered the ships to follow them to Ashdod Port or to be boarded. The ships declined and were boarded in international waters. The boarding started at 2 am on May 31, 2010, and was completed by 8 am. Reports from journalists on the ship and from the UN report on the incident concluded that the Israeli military opened fire with live rounds before boarding the ship.

Violent incident

Passengers on the ship actively attempted to thwart a landing on the ship by Israeli commandos. In the violent clash that followed, nine activists were killed (according to the UN Report), and a tenth died four years later of his wounds. Several dozen activists were claimed to be injured, some seriously. Israel claimed 10 of its soldiers were injured, one seriously.

The U.N. report stated that knives from the ship's kitchens (plus one traditional, ceremonial knife), some catapults (slingshots) and metal pipes the passengers cut from the ship's railings were found. Turkey unveiled its final report on the Israeli attack on the Gaza-bound aid convoy on February 11, 2011. The Israeli government-appointed Turkel Commission unveiled its final report in January 2011, and found both the blockade and the force used by the Israeli soldiers to be legal. A Polish authority on admiralty law, Professor Andrzej Makowski of the Polish Naval Academy in Gdynia, also upheld this view in an extensive article in the Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs in May 2013.


Release and return home

Mavi Marmara making a tour of Istanbul harbour on the occasion of her return to Istanbul

The Israeli government decided on July 23, 2010, to release the three ships of the Gaza Freedom flotilla, two of which had been moored at the Port of Haifa and the third at the Port of Ashdod since their interception. Three Turkish tugboats were dispatched to bring the ships back to Turkey. The Mavi Marmara was towed by the Ocean Ergun in a two-day ride to the Port of Iskenderun, arriving an August 7, 2010.

Nobody was permitted to board the Mavi Marmara due to investigations underway by the public prosecutor, but broken windows and bullet holes on the glass of the pilothouse were visible in pictures released. The IHH emblem on the ship's port side was painted over in white. According to Turkish news, forensic teams identified some 250 bullet holes in the ship, many of which they claim were painted or plastered over by Israel. The ship returned to Istanbul harbour on December 26, 2010, in a welcoming ceremony attended by thousands.

Freedom Flotilla II

Main article: Freedom Flotilla II

A coalition of 22 NGOs announced on May 9, 2011, that a "Freedom Flotilla II" was planned for the third week of June 2011. The Financial Times reported on June 17, 2011, that the Mavi Marmara would not be sailing, as previously announced. The IHH said that after damage caused last year to the ship, that it was not in a position to put to sea. The group stressed that it would still be part of the new flotilla; members of the group will board other ships in the effort.

Ship's registry

  • ex MS Beydağı

Sister ships

  • TDI Karadeniz, since renamed Dream.

References

  1. ^ "Turkish rights group's cargo ship to set sail with Gaza aid". Hürriyet. May 13, 2010.
  2. ^ "Mavi Marmara" (in Turkish). Türk Gemileri. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
  3. ^ "Detay Gemi Listesi" (PDF) (in Turkish). Izmir Maritime Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 11, 2010. Retrieved May 31, 2010. |
  4. ^ "MS Mavi Marmara". Digital Seas. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
  5. ^ "M/S Mavi Marmara" (in Turkish). Marine Traffic. Archived from the original on June 4, 2010. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
  6. ^ "Mavi Marmara Yolcu Gemisi" (in Turkish). IDO. Archived from the original on June 3, 2010. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
  7. "İsrail 'uluslararası suları' kabul etti". June 1, 2010.
  8. ^ "Profile: Free Gaza Movement". BBC News. BBC. June 1, 2010. Retrieved April 29, 2011.
  9. "IHH Statement Regarding The Israeli Report". Archived from the original on August 20, 2010. IHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation continues to insist on its request for an international probe to independently investigate the Israeli attack on Mavi Marmara.
  10. "Foundation for Human Rights and Freedoms and Humanitarian Relief, The". NGO Branch, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Retrieved June 2, 2010.
  11. "List of non-governmental organizations in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council as of 1 September 2009" (PDF). United Nations Economic and Social Council. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  12. ^ Spencer, Richard (May 31, 2010). "Gaza flotilla: the Free Gaza Movement and the IHH". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved April 29, 2011.
  13. Benjamin Weinthal (May 1, 2011). "Dutch government places IHH on terror list". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved May 6, 2024.
  14. "Treasury Designates the Union of Good" (Press release). U.S. Department of the Treasury. November 12, 2008. Archived from the original on November 30, 2010.
    • "Executive order 13224". U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control. August 28, 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 30, 2010.
    • Hilary Krieger (March 6, 2010). "US concerned over IHH-Hamas ties". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved January 30, 2012.
    • "Portrait of IHH". Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center. May 26, 2010. Archived from the original on May 30, 2010. Retrieved January 30, 2012.
    • Jonathan Schanzer (May 31, 2010). "The Terror Finance Flotilla". The Weekly Standard. Retrieved January 13, 2012.
    • DPA (July 12, 2010). "Germany outlaws charity over alleged Hamas links". Haaretz. Retrieved January 13, 2012.
  15. "US concerned over IHH-Hamas ties". The Jerusalem Post. March 6, 2010.
  16. "We have no links with the IHH in Germany". Istanbul: IHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation. July 17, 2010. Archived from the original on February 5, 2017.
  17. Lee, Iara (July 16, 2010). "Slandering the Good Guys: Some Basic Facts About IHH". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on July 28, 2019.
  18. Fleishman, Jeffrey (June 6, 2010). "Turkish charity defends actions". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on July 28, 2019.
  19. "Turkey investigating IHH head for funding al-Qaida". The Jerusalem Post. June 15, 2010.
  20. Gabbatt, Adam (May 31, 2010). "Israel attacks Gaza flotilla - live coverage". The Guardian. Archived from the original on September 14, 2013.
  21. HRC report 2010, p. 26
    • Interview with Jamal Elshayyal. Al Jazeera. June 3, 2010. Archived from the original on March 25, 2019.
    • Katz, Yaakov. "Navy commandos:'They came for war'". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved March 20, 2011.
    • "Details emerge of bloodshed aboard Gaza-bound ship". June 2, 2010. Archived from the original on June 6, 2010.
  22. "Fifteenth session, agenda item 1" (PDF). United Nations Human Rights Council. September 27, 2010. Retrieved July 28, 2019.
  23. "Mavi Marmara death toll rises to 10". Al Jazeera. May 25, 2014. Archived from the original on May 21, 2016. Retrieved May 20, 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  24. "Deaths as Israeli forces storm Gaza aid ship". BBC News. May 31, 2010.
  25. "Turkey unveils its final report on Israeli attack on Gaza-bound aid convoy". Turkish Press. February 11, 2011.
  26. "The Mavi Marmara Incident and the Modern Law of Armed Conflict at Sea" (PDF). Israel Journal on Foreign Relations. May 2013.
  27. "Mavi Marmara gemisi Türkiye doğru yola çıkıyor". Hürriyet (in Turkish). August 4, 2010.
  28. "'Mavi Marmara' İskenderun'da". Hürriyet (in Turkish). August 7, 2010.
  29. Aktuğ, Ufuk (August 10, 2010). "Mavi Marmara'da 250 mermi izi çıktı" [250 bullet scars found on the Mavi Marmara]. Radikal (in Turkish). Retrieved January 19, 2014.
  30. "Thousands greets Mavi Marmara aid ship". Today's Zaman. December 26, 2010. Archived from the original on December 28, 2010.
  31. Güsten, Susanne (May 11, 2011). "A Year After Israeli Raid, 2nd Flotilla to Set Sail for Gaza". The New York Times.
  32. Tobias Buck (June 17, 2011). "Turkish flagship pulls out of Gaza flotilla". Financial Times. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
  33. "TDI Karadeniz (9005871)". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved March 3, 2021.

External links

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