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| {{distinguish|Greenville, Mississippi}} | {{distinguish|Greenville, Mississippi}} | ||
| {{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}} | |||
| {{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| |official_name = Greenwood, Mississippi | | official_name = Greenwood, Mississippi | ||
| |settlement_type = ] | | settlement_type = ] | ||
| | |
| image_skyline = Greenwood, Mississippi (2022).jpg | ||
| | |
| image_caption = Howard Street in Greenwood | ||
| | image_map = Leflore_County_Mississippi_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Greenwood_Highlighted.svg | |||
| | mapsize = 250px | |||
| <!-- Images --> | |||
| | |
| map_caption = Location of Greenwood, Mississippi | ||
| | |
| image_flag = Flag of Greenwood, Mississippi.png | ||
| | |
| image_seal = Seal of Greenwood, Mississippi.png | ||
| | |
| image_map1 = | ||
| | |
| mapsize1 = | ||
| | map_caption1 = | |||
| | pushpin_map = USA | |||
| <!-- Maps --> | |||
| | pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States | |||
| |image_map = Leflore_County_Mississippi_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Greenwood_Highlighted.svg | |||
| |mapsize = 250px | |||
| |map_caption = Location of Greenwood, Mississippi | |||
| |image_map1 = | |||
| |mapsize1 = | |||
| |map_caption1 = | |||
| | pushpin_map = USA | |||
| | pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States | |||
| <!-- Location --> | <!-- Location --> | ||
| |subdivision_type = Country | | subdivision_type = Country | ||
| |subdivision_name = United States | | subdivision_name = United States | ||
| |subdivision_type1 = State | | subdivision_type1 = State | ||
| |subdivision_name1 = ] | | subdivision_name1 = ] | ||
| |subdivision_type2 = ] | | subdivision_type2 = ] | ||
| |subdivision_name2 = ] | | subdivision_name2 = ] | ||
| <!-- Government --> | |||
| |government_footnotes = | |||
| | government_footnotes = | |||
| |government_type = | |||
| | |
| government_type = | ||
| | |
| leader_title = ] | ||
| | leader_name = Carolyn McAdams (])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carolyn McAdams – Delta Business Journal |url=https://deltabusinessjournal.com/carolyn-mcadams/ |access-date=2024-11-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> | |||
| |leader_title1 = | |||
| | |
| established_title = | ||
| | |
| established_date = | ||
| | |
| founder = | ||
| <!-- Area --> | <!-- Area --> | ||
| |unit_pref = Imperial | | unit_pref = Imperial | ||
| |area_footnotes = <ref name=" |
| area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_28.txt| publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 24, 2022}}</ref> | ||
| | |
| area_total_km2 = 302.87 | ||
| | |
| area_land_km2 = 301.95 | ||
| | |
| area_water_km2 = 0.92 | ||
| | |
| area_total_sq_mi = 12.69 | ||
| | |
| area_land_sq_mi = 12.34 | ||
| | |
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.36 | ||
| |area_water_sq_mi = 0.36 | |||
| <!-- Population --> | <!-- Population --> | ||
| |population_as_of = ] | | population_as_of = ] | ||
| |population_footnotes = | | population_footnotes = | ||
| |population_total = |
| population_total = 14490 | ||
| | population_density_sq_mi = 1174.71 | |||
| | population_density_km2 = 453.56 | |||
| <!-- General information --> | <!-- General information --> | ||
| |timezone = ] | | timezone = ] | ||
| | utc_offset = −6 | | utc_offset = −6 | ||
| |timezone_DST = CDT | | timezone_DST = CDT | ||
| | utc_offset_DST = −5 | | utc_offset_DST = −5 | ||
| |elevation_footnotes = | | elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/> | ||
| | |
| elevation_ft = 128 | ||
| | coordinates = {{coord|33|31|07|N|90|12|02|W|region:US-MS|display=inline,title}} | |||
| |elevation_ft = 131 | |||
| | postal_code_type = ]s | |||
| |coordinates = {{coord|33|31|7|N|90|11|2|W|region:US-MS|display=inline,title}} | |||
| | |
| postal_code = 38930, 38935 | ||
| | |
| area_code = ] | ||
| | |
| blank_name = ] | ||
| | |
| blank_info = 28-29340 | ||
| | blank1_name = ] feature ID | |||
| |blank_info = 28-29340 | |||
| | |
| blank1_info = 2403757<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2403757}}</ref> | ||
| | |
| website = {{URL|https://www.greenwoodms.com}} | ||
| |website = {{URL|https://www.greenwoodms.com/city}} | |||
| |footnotes = | |||
| |pop_est_as_of = 2019 | |||
| |pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse"/> | |||
| |population_est = 13561 | |||
| |population_density_sq_mi = 1099.39 | |||
| |population_density_km2 = 424.48 | |||
| }} | }} | ||
| '''Greenwood''' is a city in and the ] of ],<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=2011-05-31 }}</ref> located at the eastern edge of the ], approximately 96 miles north of the state capital, ], and 130 miles south of the riverport of ]. It was a center of ] ] culture in the 19th century. | '''Greenwood''' is a city in and the ] of ], ], United States,<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=2011-05-31 }}</ref> located at the eastern edge of the ] region, approximately 96 miles north of the state capital, ], and 130 miles south of the riverport of ]. It was a center of ] ] culture in the 19th century. | ||
| The population was 15,205 at the ]. It is the principal city of the Greenwood ]. Greenwood developed at the confluence of the ] and the ] rivers, which form the ]. Throughout the 1960s, Greenwood was the site of major protests and conflicts as African Americans worked to achieve racial integration, voter registration and access during the ]. | The population was 15,205 at the ]. It is the principal city of the Greenwood ]. Greenwood developed at the confluence of the ] and the ] rivers, which form the ]. | ||
| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| ] | |||
| {{more citations needed|section|date=June 2018}} | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ===Native Americans=== | |||
| The flood plain of the ] has long been an area rich in vegetation and wildlife, fed by the Mississippi and its numerous tributaries. Long before Europeans migrated to America, the ] and ] Indian nations settled in the Delta's bottomlands and throughout what is now central Mississippi. They were descended from ] who had lived in the area for thousands of years. The ] had built earthwork mounds in this area and throughout the Mississippi Valley, beginning about 950 CE. Their culture thrived for hundreds of years. | |||
| In the nineteenth century, the ] in the Southeast suffered increasing encroachment on their territory by European-American settlers from the United States. Under pressure from the United States government, in 1830 the ] principal chief ] and other Choctaw leaders signed the ], ceding most of their remaining land to the United States in exchange for land in ], what is now southeastern Oklahoma. The government opened the land for sale and settlement by European Americans. LeFlore came to regret his decision on land cession, saying in 1843 that he was "sorry to say that the benefits realized from by my people were by no means equal to what I had a right to expect, nor to what they were justly entitled."<ref name=choctaw>{{cite book|author=Greg O'Brien|title=Pre-removal Choctaw History: Exploring New Paths|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jGFmNPevedUC&pg=PA221|access-date=13 May 2013|year=2008|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=978-0-8061-3916-6|page=221}}</ref> | |||
| ===European settlement=== | ===European settlement=== | ||
| The first Euro-American settlement on the banks of the ] was a trading post founded in 1834 by Colonel Dr. John J. Dilliard<ref name=greenwood>{{cite book|author1=Donny Whitehead|author2=Mary Carol Miller|title=Greenwood|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mTL6TxmacCwC|access-date=May 13, 2013|date=September 14, 2009|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=978-0-7385-6786-0}}</ref>{{rp|7}} and known as Dilliard's Landing. The settlement had competition from Greenwood Leflore's rival landing called Point Leflore, located three miles up the Yazoo River. The rivalry ended when Captain James Dilliard donated parcels in exchange for a commitment from the townsmen to maintain an all-weather turnpike to the hill section to the east, along with a stagecoach road to the more established settlements to the northwest.<ref>Smith, Frank E. (1954). ''The Yazoo River''. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. pp. 57-58. {{ISBN|0-87805-355-7}}</ref> | The first Euro-American settlement on the banks of the ] was a trading post founded in 1834 by Colonel Dr. John J. Dilliard<ref name=greenwood>{{cite book|author1=Donny Whitehead|author2=Mary Carol Miller|title=Greenwood|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mTL6TxmacCwC|access-date=May 13, 2013|date=September 14, 2009|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=978-0-7385-6786-0}}</ref>{{rp|7}} and known as Dilliard's Landing. The settlement had competition from Greenwood Leflore's rival landing called Point Leflore, located three miles up the Yazoo River. The rivalry ended when Captain James Dilliard donated parcels in exchange for a commitment from the townsmen to maintain an all-weather turnpike to the hill section to the east, along with a stagecoach road to the more established settlements to the northwest.<ref>Smith, Frank E. (1954). ''The Yazoo River''. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. pp. 57-58. {{ISBN|0-87805-355-7}}</ref> | ||
| The settlement was incorporated as "Greenwood" in 1844, named after Chief Greenwood LeFlore. The success of the city, founded during a strong international demand for ], was based on its strategic location in the heart of the Delta: on the easternmost point of the ], and astride the ] and Yazoo rivers. The city served as a shipping point for cotton to major markets in ], ], ], and ].{{ |
The settlement was incorporated as "Greenwood" in 1844, named after Chief Greenwood LeFlore. The success of the city, founded during a strong international demand for ], was based on its strategic location in the heart of the Delta: on the easternmost point of the ], and astride the ] and Yazoo rivers. The city served as a shipping point for cotton to major markets in ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Greenwood, Mississippi {{!}} Advisory Council on Historic Preservation |url=https://www.achp.gov/preserve-america/community/greenwood-mississippi#:~:text=Strategically%20located,%20Greenwood%20served%20as,town%20the%20name%20Cotton%20Row. |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=www.achp.gov}}</ref> | ||
| The construction of railroads through the area in the 1880s revitalized the city;<ref name=greenwood/>{{rp|8}} two rail lines ran to downtown Greenwood close to the Yazoo River, and shortened transportation to markets. Greenwood again emerged as a prime shipping point for cotton. Downtown's Front Street, bordering the Yazoo, was dominated by cotton ] and related businesses, earning that section the name "Cotton Row". | |||
| Thousands of slaves were transported as laborers to Mississippi from the Upper South through the domestic slave trade, in a forced migration that moved more than one million slaves in total to the Deep South to satisfy the demand for labor. Cotton cultivation was developed in these new territories of the Deep South. Greenwood continued to prosper, based on ] on the cotton plantations and in shipping, until the latter part of the ].{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} | |||
| ===Later 19th century=== | |||
| With the abolition of slavery after the end of the Civil War in 1865, the labor market was changed to one of free labor. Away from the riverfronts, the state was 90 per cent undeveloped frontier. Many ] withdrew from working for others. In the latter part of the nineteenth century, many blacks managed to clear and buy their own farms in the bottomlands behind the rivers.<ref name="autogenerated4">John C. Willis, ''Forgotten Time: The Yazoo-Mississippi Delta after the Civil War''. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2000</ref> With the disruption caused by war and with changes to labor, cotton production initially declined, harming Greenwood's previously thriving economy. | |||
| The construction of railroads through the area in the 1880s revitalized the city;<ref name=greenwood/>{{rp|8}} two rail lines ran to downtown Greenwood close to the Yazoo River, and shortened transportation to markets. Greenwood again emerged as a prime shipping point for cotton. Downtown's Front Street, bordering the Yazoo, was dominated by cotton ] and related businesses, earning that section the name 'Cotton Row'. | |||
| ===20th century=== | ===20th century=== | ||
| Line 110: | Line 84: | ||
| Cotton cultivation and processing became largely mechanized in the first half of the 20th century, displacing thousands of ] and tenant farmers. Since the late 20th century, some Mississippi farmers have begun to replace cotton with ] and ]s as commodity crops; with the textile manufacturing industry having shifted overseas, farmers can gain stronger prices for the newer crops, used mostly as animal feed.<ref>, ''The New York Times'', May 5, 2009</ref> | Cotton cultivation and processing became largely mechanized in the first half of the 20th century, displacing thousands of ] and tenant farmers. Since the late 20th century, some Mississippi farmers have begun to replace cotton with ] and ]s as commodity crops; with the textile manufacturing industry having shifted overseas, farmers can gain stronger prices for the newer crops, used mostly as animal feed.<ref>, ''The New York Times'', May 5, 2009</ref> | ||
| Greenwood's Grand Boulevard was once named one of America's 10 most beautiful streets by the U.S. Chambers of Commerce and the Garden Clubs of America. Sally Humphreys Gwin, a charter member of the Greenwood Garden Club, planted the 1,000 ] trees that line Grand Boulevard. In 1950, Gwin received a citation from the National Congress of the ] in recognition of her work in the conservation of trees.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newspaperarchive.com|title=NewspaperArchive® - Genealogy & Family History Records|website=Newspaperarchive.com|access-date=28 July 2018}}</ref><ref>, GPP Travel, 2007.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed, if any --></ref> | Greenwood's Grand Boulevard was once named one of America's 10 most beautiful streets by the U.S. Chambers of Commerce and the Garden Clubs of America. Sally Humphreys Gwin, a charter member of the Greenwood Garden Club, planted the 1,000 ] trees that line Grand Boulevard. In 1950, Gwin received a citation from the National Congress of the ] in recognition of her work in the conservation of trees.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newspaperarchive.com|title=NewspaperArchive® - Genealogy & Family History Records|website=Newspaperarchive.com|access-date=28 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, GPP Travel, 2007.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed, if any --></ref> | ||
| ==Geography== | |||
| ====Civil rights era==== | |||
| According to the ], the city has a total area of {{convert|9.5|sqmi|km2}}, of which {{convert|9.2|sqmi|km2}} is land and {{convert|0.3|sqmi|km2}} is water. | |||
| In 1955, following the ]'s ruling in '']'' that segregated public education was unconstitutional, Robert B. Patterson in Greenwood founded the ] to fight against racial integration. Chapters were established across the state.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://orig.jacksonsun.com/civilrights/sec2_citizencouncil.shtml|title=White Citizens' Councils aimed to maintain 'Southern way of life'|work=Jackson Sun|access-date=June 29, 2018}}</ref> Three months after Brown v. Board of Education, fourteen-year-old ] was lynched ten miles away in ], sparking local unrest and national outcry. | |||
| ===Climate=== | |||
| From 1962 to 1965, Greenwood was a center of protests and voter registration struggles during the Civil Rights Movement. The ], ], and the ] were all active in the city. During this period, hundreds of African Americans were arrested in nonviolent protests; civil rights activists were subjected to repeated violence by police and whites. In addition, whites used economic retaliation against African Americans who attempted to register to vote: they fired them from jobs, evicted them from rental housing, and cut off federal commodity subsidies in poor communities.<ref>, crmvet.org; accessed June 29, 2018.</ref> | |||
| {{Weather box | |||
| |location = Greenwood, Mississippi (]), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1948–present | |||
| |single line = Y | |||
| |collapsed = yes | |||
| |Jan record high F = 84 | |||
| |Feb record high F = 84 | |||
| |Mar record high F = 88 | |||
| |Apr record high F = 94 | |||
| |May record high F = 100 | |||
| |Jun record high F = 104 | |||
| |Jul record high F = 105 | |||
| |Aug record high F = 106 | |||
| |Sep record high F = 103 | |||
| |Oct record high F = 100 | |||
| |Nov record high F = 89 | |||
| |Dec record high F = 85 | |||
| |year record high F = 106 | |||
| |Jan avg record high F = 73.9 | |||
| The city police set their police dogs on protesters, with white counter-protesters yelling "{{abbr|Sic 'em|Seek him: an order you might give a dog so that they will growl, snarl and perhaps bite at the target.}}" from the sidewalk.<ref name=hend>{{cite book|last=Hendrickson|first=Paul|author-link=Paul Hendrickson|title=Sons of Mississippi|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|year=2003|place=New York|isbn=0-375-40461-9|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/sonsofmississipp00paul}}</ref> | |||
| |Feb avg record high F = 76.7 | |||
| |Mar avg record high F = 82.8 | |||
| |Apr avg record high F = 86.8 | |||
| |May avg record high F = 91.7 | |||
| |Jun avg record high F = 95.0 | |||
| |Jul avg record high F = 97.9 | |||
| |Aug avg record high F = 98.8 | |||
| |Sep avg record high F = 96.0 | |||
| |Oct avg record high F = 89.9 | |||
| |Nov avg record high F = 81.8 | |||
| |Dec avg record high F = 75.7 | |||
| |year avg record high F = 99.8 | |||
| |Jan high F = 54.2 | |||
| The Catholic peace organization ], which had a chapter in the city, organized an economic boycott of businesses that discriminated against blacks, thereby supporting the civil rights movement. Pax Christi's ultimately successful efforts were encouraged by native Mississippian ], the ].<ref name="Namorato1998">{{cite book|author=Michael V. Namorato|title=The Catholic Church in Mississippi: 1911-1984; a History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yt0Xrt7vcVYC&pg=PA111|access-date=13 May 2013|year=1998|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-30719-5|page=111}}</ref> | |||
| |Feb high F = 58.8 | |||
| |Mar high F = 67.2 | |||
| |Apr high F = 75.2 | |||
| |May high F = 82.9 | |||
| |Jun high F = 89.1 | |||
| |Jul high F = 91.5 | |||
| |Aug high F = 91.9 | |||
| |Sep high F = 87.3 | |||
| |Oct high F = 77.3 | |||
| |Nov high F = 65.7 | |||
| |Dec high F = 57.1 | |||
| |year high F = 74.8 | |||
| |Jan mean F = 44.4 | |||
| |Feb mean F = 48.3 | |||
| |Mar mean F = 56.1 | |||
| |Apr mean F = 64.0 | |||
| |May mean F = 72.3 | |||
| |Jun mean F = 79.0 | |||
| |Jul mean F = 81.5 | |||
| |Aug mean F = 81.1 | |||
| |Sep mean F = 75.6 | |||
| |Oct mean F = 64.9 | |||
| |Nov mean F = 53.8 | |||
| |Dec mean F = 47.1 | |||
| |year mean F = 64.0 | |||
| |Jan low F = 34.7 | |||
| |Feb low F = 37.9 | |||
| |Mar low F = 45.1 | |||
| |Apr low F = 52.8 | |||
| |May low F = 61.7 | |||
| |Jun low F = 68.8 | |||
| |Jul low F = 71.6 | |||
| |Aug low F = 70.4 | |||
| |Sep low F = 63.8 | |||
| |Oct low F = 52.4 | |||
| |Nov low F = 41.9 | |||
| |Dec low F = 37.0 | |||
| |year low F = 53.2 | |||
| |Jan avg record low F = 16.6 | |||
| Major gains were achieved by the movement with Congressional passage of the ] and ]. However, much remained to be accomplished in terms of enacting these laws. White resistance to change continued. In June 1966, ], the first African American to attend the ], announced that to protest racism, he was going to walk from Memphis to ], a distance of more than 200 miles, in a '']''. He invited only men to walk with him, in a journey he wanted to be independent of the movement organizations. After Meredith was shot and hospitalized for injuries two days into his walk,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/6/newsid_3009000/3009967.stm|publisher=BBC|title=On this day June 6, 1966: Black civil rights activist shot|access-date=May 13, 2013}}</ref> a number of high-profile civil rights leaders of major organizations, including ] of ], ] of the ] (SCLC), Floyd McKissick and Roger Wilkins of the ], vowed to continue the march. They encouraged others to join them.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} | |||
| |Feb avg record low F = 21.4 | |||
| |Mar avg record low F = 27.0 | |||
| |Apr avg record low F = 35.8 | |||
| |May avg record low F = 46.5 | |||
| |Jun avg record low F = 58.6 | |||
| |Jul avg record low F = 63.9 | |||
| |Aug avg record low F = 61.9 | |||
| |Sep avg record low F = 48.0 | |||
| |Oct avg record low F = 33.9 | |||
| |Nov avg record low F = 25.7 | |||
| |Dec avg record low F = 21.5 | |||
| |year avg record low F = 14.6 | |||
| |Jan record low F = -2 | |||
| Their goals differed, and organizing the logistics of food and shelter for larger groups were more difficult. The state committed to protect the marchers if they obeyed the law. Some groups expanded their goals in the march to achieve community organizing and voter registration in the Delta communities they encountered. National leaders tended to come and go, checking in on the march in the midst of other responsibilities; some marchers also walked for short periods, while others stayed through most of the journey. With high-spirited gatherings and song, they recruited marchers from local residents, for at least part of the journey. Many local whites jeered and threatened the marchers, driving near them and waving Confederate flags. | |||
| |Feb record low F = -4 | |||
| |Mar record low F = 15 | |||
| |Apr record low F = 28 | |||
| |May record low F = 35 | |||
| |Jun record low F = 49 | |||
| |Jul record low F = 53 | |||
| |Aug record low F = 52 | |||
| |Sep record low F = 35 | |||
| |Oct record low F = 27 | |||
| |Nov record low F = 15 | |||
| |Dec record low F = 2 | |||
| |year record low F = -4 | |||
| |precipitation colour = green | |||
| |Jan precipitation inch = 4.52 | |||
| |Feb precipitation inch = 5.04 | |||
| |Mar precipitation inch = 4.76 | |||
| |Apr precipitation inch = 5.82 | |||
| |May precipitation inch = 4.44 | |||
| |Jun precipitation inch = 3.74 | |||
| |Jul precipitation inch = 3.82 | |||
| |Aug precipitation inch = 3.21 | |||
| |Sep precipitation inch = 3.83 | |||
| |Oct precipitation inch = 3.41 | |||
| |Nov precipitation inch = 3.86 | |||
| |Dec precipitation inch = 5.33 | |||
| |year precipitation inch = 51.78 | |||
| |unit precipitation days = 0.01 in | |||
| |Jan precipitation days = 9.6 | |||
| When the group reached Greenwood on June 17, Carmichael was arrested but released after a few hours. Later, in Greenwood's Broad Street Park, Carmichael gave his ] speech, which became well known, stating: | |||
| |Feb precipitation days = 10.0 | |||
| |Mar precipitation days = 10.7 | |||
| {{quote|This is the twenty-seventh time I have been arrested—and I ain't going to jail no more! The only way we gonna stop them white men from whuppin' us is to take over. We been sayin' "freedom" for six years and we ain't got nothin'. What we gonna start saying now is Black Power!<ref name="Ph.D.2011">{{cite book|author=Matthew C. Whitaker Ph.D.|title=Icons of Black America: Breaking Barriers and Crossing Boundaries |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RSGhEUq5bp0C&pg=PA152|access-date=May 13, 2013|date=March 1, 2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-37643-6|page=152}}</ref>}} | |||
| |Apr precipitation days = 8.9 | |||
| |May precipitation days = 9.8 | |||
| The speech marked a turning point in the civil rights movement; many younger members took up Carmichael's slogan, and used it to support the use of violence to defend their freedom.<ref name="Schaefer2008">{{cite book|author=Richard T. Schaefer|title=Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMUola6pDnkC&pg=PA246|access-date=May 13, 2013|date=March 20, 2008|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-1-4129-2694-2|page=246}}</ref> This seemed to catalyze the fragmentation of the civil rights movement in the mid 1960s,<ref name="Beard2009">{{cite book|author=Williams, Horace Randall and Ben Beard|title=This Day in Civil Rights History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0jwWrG4V1XQC&pg=PA187|access-date=13 May 2013|year=2009|publisher=NewSouth Books|isbn=978-1-58835-241-5|page=187}}</ref> but the process was already under way. On this occasion, the marchers persisted, growing in number as they neared the capital, and totaled more than 15,000 when they entered Jackson.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} | |||
| |Jun precipitation days = 9.0 | |||
| |Jul precipitation days = 9.3 | |||
| ===21st century=== | |||
| |Aug precipitation days = 8.2 | |||
| In 2006, the first female and first African-American mayor, ], was elected.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jun/07/nation/na-hometown-greenwood7|title=In Mississippi, race plays out in mayoral election|first=Richard|last=Fausset|date=7 June 2009|access-date=28 July 2018|via=LA Times}}</ref> | |||
| |Sep precipitation days = 6.0 | |||
| |Oct precipitation days = 7.4 | |||
| ==Geography== | |||
| |Nov precipitation days = 8.3 | |||
| Greenwood is located at {{coord|33|31|7|N|90|11|2|W|type:city}} (33.518719, -90.183883).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=]|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> According to the ], the city has a total area of {{convert|9.5|sqmi|km2}}, of which {{convert|9.2|sqmi|km2}} is land and {{convert|0.3|sqmi|km2}} is water. | |||
| |Dec precipitation days = 10.2 | |||
| |year precipitation days = 107.4 | |||
| |source 1 = ]<ref name=NOAA>{{cite web | |||
| | url = https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=jan | |||
| | title = NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data | |||
| | publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | |||
| | access-date = June 9, 2021}}</ref><ref name=NCEI>{{cite web | |||
| | url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00013978&format=pdf | |||
| | title = Station: Greenwood Leflore AP, MS | |||
| | work = U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020) | |||
| | publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | |||
| | access-date = June 9, 2021}}</ref> | |||
| }} | |||
| ==Demographics== | ==Demographics== | ||
| Line 153: | Line 246: | ||
| |2000= 18425 | |2000= 18425 | ||
| |2010= 15205 | |2010= 15205 | ||
| |2020= 14490 | |||
| |estyear=2019 | |||
| |estimate=13561 | |||
| |estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|date=May 24, 2020|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 27, 2020}}</ref> | |||
| |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref> | |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref> | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| ===2020 census=== | |||
| {| class="wikitable" | |||
| |+Greenwood Racial Composition<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explore Census Data|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US2829340&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|access-date=2021-12-06|website=Data.census.gov}}</ref> | |||
| !Race | |||
| !Num. | |||
| !Perc. | |||
| |- | |||
| |] | |||
| |3,646 | |||
| |25.16% | |||
| |- | |||
| |] | |||
| |10,198 | |||
| |70.38% | |||
| |- | |||
| |] | |||
| |7 | |||
| |0.05% | |||
| |- | |||
| |] | |||
| |154 | |||
| |1.06% | |||
| |- | |||
| |] | |||
| |276 | |||
| |1.9% | |||
| |- | |||
| |] or ] | |||
| |209 | |||
| |1.44% | |||
| |} | |||
| As of the ], there were 14,490 people, 4,924 households, and 2,793 families residing in the city. | |||
| ===2010 census=== | ===2010 census=== | ||
| At the 2010 census,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |title=Greenwood Mississippi |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=May 14, 2013 }}</ref> there were 15,205 people and 6,022 households in the city. The |
At the 2010 census,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |title=Greenwood Mississippi |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=May 14, 2013 }}</ref> there were 15,205 people and 6,022 households in the city. The population density was {{convert|1,237.7|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 6,759 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 30.4% ], 67.0% ], 0.1% ], 0.9% ], <0.1% ], <0.1% from other races, and 0.5% from two or more races. ] or ] of any race were 1.1% of the population. | ||
| Among the 6,022 households, 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 29.8% were married couples living together, 29.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.6% were non-families. 32.5% of all households were made up of individuals living alone and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.16. | Among the 6,022 households, 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 29.8% were married couples living together, 29.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.6% were non-families. 32.5% of all households were made up of individuals living alone and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.16. | ||
| ==Mississippi Blues Trail markers== | ==Arts and culture== | ||
| ===Mississippi Blues Trail markers=== | |||
| ] Blues Trail marker]] | |||
| Radio station ] on Howard Street was the location of ]'s first live broadcast in 1940. On Sunday nights, King performed live ] as part of a quartet.<ref> | Radio station ] on Howard Street was the location of ]'s first live broadcast in 1940. On Sunday nights, King performed live ] as part of a quartet.<ref> | ||
| {{cite web | {{cite web | ||
| |url=http://www.atlantamagazine.com/uploadedFiles/Atlanta/Travel/November07%20Travel.pdf | |url=http://www.atlantamagazine.com/uploadedFiles/Atlanta/Travel/November07%20Travel.pdf | ||
| |title=Great Southern Getaways - Mississippi | |title=Great Southern Getaways - Mississippi | ||
| |publisher= |
|publisher=Atlantamagazine.com | ||
| |access-date=2008-05-31 | |access-date=2008-05-31 | ||
| |last=Cloues | |last=Cloues | ||
| Line 183: | Line 310: | ||
| | date=January 25, 2007 | | date=January 25, 2007 | ||
| }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | ||
| |url=http://www.myvelodrome.org/NMI/Greenwood_Commonwealth_11.14.pdf | |url=http://www.myvelodrome.org/NMI/Greenwood_Commonwealth_11.14.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080912125816/http://www.myvelodrome.org/NMI/Greenwood_Commonwealth_11.14.pdf |archive-date=2008-09-12 |url-status=live | ||
| |title=Film crew chronicles blues markers | |title=Film crew chronicles blues markers | ||
| |publisher=The Greenwood Commonwealth | |publisher=The Greenwood Commonwealth | ||
| Line 192: | Line 319: | ||
| |url=http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=347773 | |url=http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=347773 | ||
| |title=JS Online: Blues trail | |title=JS Online: Blues trail | ||
| |publisher= |
|publisher=Jsonline.com | ||
| |access-date=2008-05-29 | |access-date=2008-05-29 | ||
| |last=Widen | |last=Widen | ||
| Line 204: | Line 331: | ||
| |url=http://www.msbluestrail.org/blues_trail/ | |url=http://www.msbluestrail.org/blues_trail/ | ||
| |title=Mississippi Blues Commission - Blues Trail | |title=Mississippi Blues Commission - Blues Trail | ||
| |publisher= |
|publisher=Msbluestrail.org | ||
| |access-date=2008-05-29}} | |access-date=2008-05-29}} | ||
| </ref> A fourth Blues Trail marker was dedicated to ] that is located along the Yazoo River on River Road. | </ref> A fourth Blues Trail marker was dedicated to ] that is located along the Yazoo River on River Road. | ||
| Line 210: | Line 337: | ||
| |url=http://www.msbluestrail.org/locations/hubert-sumlin-map | |url=http://www.msbluestrail.org/locations/hubert-sumlin-map | ||
| |title=Mississippi Blues Commission - Blues Trail | |title=Mississippi Blues Commission - Blues Trail | ||
| |publisher= |
|publisher=Msbluestrail.org | ||
| |access-date=2008-05-29}}</ref> | |access-date=2008-05-29}}</ref> | ||
| == Government== | |||
| ===Gallery of Mississippi Blues Trail markers in Greenwood=== | |||
| === Local government === | |||
| <gallery> | |||
| Greenwood is governed under a ] form of government, composed of council members elected from seven ] wards and headed by a mayor, who is elected ]. | |||
| ==Education== | |||
| File:ElksHartLodgeNo640BluesTrailMarker.jpg|Elks Hart Lodge No. 640 Blues Trail marker | |||
| ] (GLCSD) operates public schools. Previously the majority of the city was in ] while small portions were in the ].<ref name=LefloreCoSDmap2010>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/sch_dist/st28_ms/c28083_leflore/DC10SD_C28083_001.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513044539/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/sch_dist/st28_ms/c28083_leflore/DC10SD_C28083_001.pdf |archive-date=2021-05-13 |url-status=live|title=SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP (2010 CENSUS): Leflore County, MS|publisher=]|access-date=2021-05-12}}</ref> These two districts consolidated into GLCSD on July 1, 2019.<ref>" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702083623/https://mpe.org/mpe/documents/Consolidation.Final.pdf |date=2017-07-02 }}." Mississippi Professional Educators. December 2016. Retrieved on July 2, 2017. Page 2 (PDF p. 3/6).</ref> ] is the only public high school in Greenwood. As of 2014, the student body is 99% black. ], outside of the Greenwood city limits, was formerly of the Leflore County district. It was recently taken over by the State of Mississippi for poor performance as a result of deficient leadership. | |||
| File:BaptistTownBluesTrailMarker.jpg|] Blues Trail marker | |||
| File:RobertJohnsonMississippiBluesTrailMarker.jpg|] Blues trail marker located north of Greenwood on Money Road | |||
| File:WGRMRadioStudioBluesTrailMarker.jpg|] Blues Trail marker | |||
| File:HubertSumlinBluesTrailMarker.jpg|] Blues Trail marker | |||
| </gallery> | |||
| ], a private school, is located in ] ], near Greenwood. | |||
| == Government and infrastructure == | |||
| ], a newly founded private school located in downtown Greenwood, has an enrollment of nearly 50 students. It has continued to increase enrollment. | |||
| === Local government === | |||
| Greenwood is governed under a ] form of government, composed of council members elected from seven ] wards and headed by a ], who is elected ]. | |||
| St. Francis Catholic School, run by the ], provides classes from kindergarten through sixth grade.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sfgwschool.org/|title=Home|publisher=St. Francis Catholic School|access-date=2021-05-13}}</ref> | |||
| ===State and federal representation=== | |||
| The ] operates two post offices in Greenwood: Greenwood and Leflore.<ref>" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614044405/http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/greenwood-200-e-washington-st-rm-100-greenwood-ms-1365698 |date=2012-06-14 }}." ]. Retrieved on August 12, 2010.</ref><ref>" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614044516/http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/leflore-600-yalobusha-st-greenwood-ms-1370142 |date=2012-06-14 }}." ]. Retrieved on August 12, 2010.</ref> | |||
| In addition, North New Summit School provides educational services for special-needs and at-risk children from kindergarten through high school.<!-- Is this private or public? --> | |||
| == |
==Media== | ||
| ===Newspapers, magazines and journals=== | ===Newspapers, magazines and journals=== | ||
| * '']'' | * '']'' | ||
| ===Television=== | ===Television=== | ||
| * ] |
* ] – ABC/Fox affiliate | ||
| * ] - |
* ] - MeTV affiliate | ||
| * ] – PBS affiliate | |||
| ===AM/FM radio=== | ===AM/FM radio=== | ||
| Line 245: | Line 370: | ||
| * ], ] (]) | * ], ] (]) | ||
| * ], ] (gospel) | * ], ] (gospel) | ||
| * ], ] | |||
| * ], ] (] broadcasting) | * ], ] (] broadcasting) | ||
| * ], ] (]) KIX-92.7 | * ], ] (]) KIX-92.7 | ||
| * ], |
* ], 99.1 FM (]) | ||
| ===Filming location=== | |||
| ==Transportation== | |||
| '']'' (1976), '']'' (1976), and '']'' (2011) were filmed in Greenwood.<ref>Barth, Jack (1991). ''Roadside Hollywood: The Movie Lover's State-By-State Guide to Film Locations, Celebrity Hangouts, Celluloid Tourist Attractions, and More''. Contemporary Books, p. 169. {{ISBN|9780809243266}}.</ref> The 1991 movie '']'' was also set and filmed in Greenwood.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0102456/locations|title= Mississippi Masala (1991) Filming & Production|publisher=]|access-date=March 2, 2018}}</ref> | |||
| == |
==Infrastructure== | ||
| ===Transportation=== | |||
| ====Railroads==== | |||
| Greenwood is served by two major rail lines. ], the national passenger rail system, provides service to Greenwood, connecting New Orleans to Chicago from ].<!-- and the other? freight? --> | Greenwood is served by two major rail lines. ], the national passenger rail system, provides service to Greenwood, connecting New Orleans to Chicago from ].<!-- and the other? freight? --> | ||
| ===Air transportation=== | ====Air transportation==== | ||
| Greenwood is served by ] (GWO) to the east, and is located midway between ], and ]. It is about halfway between ], and ]. | Greenwood is served by ] (GWO) to the east, and is located midway between ], and ]. It is about halfway between ], and ]. | ||
| ===Highways=== | ====Highways==== | ||
| * ] runs through Greenwood on its way from Georgia's Atlantic coast (]) to the ] of ] (east of ]). | * ] runs through Greenwood on its way from Georgia's Atlantic coast (]) to the ] of ] (east of ]). | ||
| * ] passes through Greenwood as it stretches between ], south to ]. | * ] passes through Greenwood as it stretches between ], south to ]. | ||
| * Other Greenwood highways include ]. | * Other Greenwood highways include ]. | ||
| ==Education== | |||
| ] operates public schools. ] is the only public high school in Greenwood. As of 2014, the student body is 99% black. | |||
| ] operates schools outside the Greenwood city area, including ]. | |||
| On July 1, 2019 the districts will consolidate into ] (GLCSD).<ref>" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702083623/https://mpe.org/mpe/documents/Consolidation.Final.pdf |date=2017-07-02 }}." Mississippi Professional Educators. December 2016. Retrieved on July 2, 2017. Page 2 (PDF p. 3/6).</ref> | |||
| ], a private school, is located in ] ], near Greenwood. | |||
| ], a newly founded private school located in downtown Greenwood, has an enrollment of nearly 50 students. It has continued to increase enrollment. | |||
| St. Francis Catholic School, run by the Catholic Church, provides classes from kindergarten through sixth grade. | |||
| In addition, North New Summit School provides educational services for special-needs and at-risk children from kindergarten through high school.<!-- Is this private or public? --> | |||
| ==In popular culture== | |||
| '']'' (1976), '']'' (1976), and '']'' (2011) were filmed in Greenwood.<ref>Barth, Jack (1991). ''Roadside Hollywood: The Movie Lover's State-By-State Guide to Film Locations, Celebrity Hangouts, Celluloid Tourist Attractions, and More''. Contemporary Books, p. 169. {{ISBN|9780809243266}}.</ref> The 1991 movie '']'' was also set and filmed in Greenwood.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0102456/locations|title= Mississippi Masala (1991) Filming & Production|publisher=]|access-date=March 2, 2018}}</ref> | |||
| ==Notable people== | ==Notable people== | ||
| <!--consensus reached to standardize this heading per WP:WikiProject Cities/US Guideline --> | <!--consensus reached to standardize this heading per WP:WikiProject Cities/US Guideline --> | ||
| <!-- Keep in alphabetical order by surname --> | |||
| {{div col|colwidth=30em}} | {{div col|colwidth=30em}} | ||
| * ], Olympic athlete<ref>{{cite news|title=Stardom Comes too Slowly for Speedster|publisher=The Record|date=February 11, 1985|author=Mike Celizic|page=s09}}</ref> | * ], Olympic athlete<ref>{{cite news|title=Stardom Comes too Slowly for Speedster|publisher=The Record|date=February 11, 1985|author=Mike Celizic|page=s09}}</ref> | ||
| * ], professional football player<ref>{{cite web | title = C.C. Brown | publisher = Detroit Lions | url = http://www.detroitlions.com/team/roster/C.C.-Brown/f38cc972-654f-4f02-9f0d-4c2f3664d32f | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100526085853/http://www.detroitlions.com/team/roster/C.C.-Brown/f38cc972-654f-4f02-9f0d-4c2f3664d32f | access-date = March 23, 2023| archive-date = 2010-05-26 }}</ref> | |||
| * ], blues singer and songwriter<ref name="AMG">{{cite web|author=Richard Skelly |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/nora-jean-bruso-mn0000232605 |title=Nora Jean Bruso | Biography & History |website=] |access-date=2015-12-16}}</ref> | * ], blues singer and songwriter<ref name="AMG">{{cite web|author=Richard Skelly |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/nora-jean-bruso-mn0000232605 |title=Nora Jean Bruso | Biography & History |website=] |access-date=2015-12-16}}</ref> | ||
| * ], Major League Baseball pitcher<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=colemlo01|title = Louis Coleman Stats|publisher=Baseball Almanac|access-date= July 18, 2013}}</ref> | * ], Major League Baseball pitcher<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=colemlo01|title = Louis Coleman Stats|publisher=Baseball Almanac|access-date= July 18, 2013}}</ref> | ||
| * ], white supremacist, assassin of civil rights leader ]<ref>{{cite |
* ], white supremacist, assassin of civil rights leader ]<ref>{{cite magazine | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,875008-2,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080405174115/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,875008-2,00.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = April 5, 2008 | title = A Little Abnormal: The Life of Byron De La Beckwith | magazine = ] | date = July 5, 1963 | access-date = January 26, 2014}}</ref> | ||
| * ], professional football player<ref>{{cite news|title=Football Signings in the Mid-South|newspaper=The Commercial Appeal|date=February 7, 1991|page=D5}}</ref> | * ], professional football player<ref>{{cite news|title=Football Signings in the Mid-South|newspaper=The Commercial Appeal|date=February 7, 1991|page=D5}}</ref> | ||
| * ], R&B vocalist and pianist<ref>{{cite news| title = Betty Everett, 61, of 'The Shoop Shoop Song'| newspaper = New York Times| date = August 23, 2001| url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00817F63F550C708EDDA10894D9404482| access-date = January 26, 2014}}</ref> | * ], R&B vocalist and pianist<ref>{{cite news| title = Betty Everett, 61, of 'The Shoop Shoop Song'| newspaper = New York Times| date = August 23, 2001| url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00817F63F550C708EDDA10894D9404482| access-date = January 26, 2014}}</ref> | ||
| Line 304: | Line 414: | ||
| * ], professional baseball player | * ], professional baseball player | ||
| * ], professional football player<ref>{{cite book|author=Sal Maiorana|title=Memorable Stories of Buffalo Bills Football|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dq5_vwrBUoEC&pg=PA82|date=January 2005|publisher=Sports Publishing LLC|isbn=978-1-58261-963-7|page=82}}</ref> | * ], professional football player<ref>{{cite book|author=Sal Maiorana|title=Memorable Stories of Buffalo Bills Football|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dq5_vwrBUoEC&pg=PA82|date=January 2005|publisher=Sports Publishing LLC|isbn=978-1-58261-963-7|page=82}}</ref> | ||
| * ], ex-slave and the inspiration for the character "Hambone" in J. P. Alley's syndicated cartoon feature, ''Hambone's Meditations''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://msgw.org/slaves/hunley-xslave.htm|title=Mississippi Slave Narratives from the WPA Records|publisher=MSGenWeb|access-date=January 26, 2014}}</ref> | * ], ex-slave and the inspiration for the character "Hambone" in ]'s syndicated cartoon feature, ''Hambone's Meditations''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://msgw.org/slaves/hunley-xslave.htm|title=Mississippi Slave Narratives from the WPA Records|publisher=MSGenWeb|access-date=January 26, 2014}}</ref> | ||
| * ], blues musician<ref name=carl/> | * ], blues musician<ref name=carl/> | ||
| * ], soccer player for the ] and ]<ref>{{cite book|author=Filip Bondy|title=Chasing the Game: America and the Quest for the World Cup|url=https://archive.org/details/chasinggameameri0000bond|url-access=registration|date=27 April 2010|publisher=Da Capo Press, Incorporated|isbn=978-0-306-81905-6|page=}}</ref> | * ], soccer player for the ] and ]<ref>{{cite book|author=Filip Bondy|title=Chasing the Game: America and the Quest for the World Cup|url=https://archive.org/details/chasinggameameri0000bond|url-access=registration|date=27 April 2010|publisher=Da Capo Press, Incorporated|isbn=978-0-306-81905-6|page=}}</ref> | ||
| Line 310: | Line 420: | ||
| * ], blues musician<ref>{{cite book|author=Paul Oliver|title=Songsters and Saints: Vocal Traditions on Race Records|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0bz5xm_m3dMC&pg=PA232|date=27 September 1984|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-26942-1|page=232}}</ref> | * ], blues musician<ref>{{cite book|author=Paul Oliver|title=Songsters and Saints: Vocal Traditions on Race Records|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0bz5xm_m3dMC&pg=PA232|date=27 September 1984|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-26942-1|page=232}}</ref> | ||
| * ], president of the ]<ref>{{cite web|publisher=University of Florida |title=The President |url=http://president.ufl.edu/about/machen/ |access-date=January 26, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119190944/http://president.ufl.edu/about/machen/ |archive-date=January 19, 2014 }}</ref> | * ], president of the ]<ref>{{cite web|publisher=University of Florida |title=The President |url=http://president.ufl.edu/about/machen/ |access-date=January 26, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119190944/http://president.ufl.edu/about/machen/ |archive-date=January 19, 2014 }}</ref> | ||
| * ] (ca. 1884 – ?), author and journalist | |||
| * ], baseball pitcher<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/team/player.jsp?player_id=430904#gameType=%27R%27|website=Mlb.com|title=Paul Maholm Stats|access-date=January 26, 2014}}</ref> | * ], baseball pitcher<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/team/player.jsp?player_id=430904#gameType=%27R%27|website=Mlb.com|title=Paul Maholm Stats|access-date=January 26, 2014}}</ref> | ||
| * ], baseball pitcher<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/team/player.jsp?player_id=285080#gameType=%27R%27|website=Mlb.com|title=Matt Miller Stats|access-date=January 26, 2014}}</ref> | * ], baseball pitcher<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/team/player.jsp?player_id=285080#gameType=%27R%27|website=Mlb.com|title=Matt Miller Stats|access-date=January 26, 2014}}</ref> | ||
| * ], jazz pianist<ref>{{cite book|author=Bob Doerschuk|title=88: The Giants of Jazz Piano|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=odQy4t6U5wIC&pg=PA287|year=2001|publisher=Backbeat Books|isbn=978-0-87930-656-4|page=287}}</ref> | * ], jazz pianist<ref>{{cite book|author=Bob Doerschuk|title=88: The Giants of Jazz Piano|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=odQy4t6U5wIC&pg=PA287|year=2001|publisher=Backbeat Books|isbn=978-0-87930-656-4|page=287}}</ref> | ||
| * ], actress<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-juanita-moore-20140103-story.html |title=Juanita Moore dies at 99; 'Imitation of Life' actress earned Oscar nod |work=Los Angeles Times |date=2014-01-02}}</ref> | |||
| * ], actress<ref>{{cite book|author=Max Apple|title=Mom, the Flag, and Apple Pie: Great American Writers on Great American Things|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zGQ0AAAAMAAJ|year=1976|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-385-11459-2|page=39}}</ref> | * ], actress<ref>{{cite book|author=Max Apple|title=Mom, the Flag, and Apple Pie: Great American Writers on Great American Things|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zGQ0AAAAMAAJ|year=1976|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-385-11459-2|page=39}}</ref> | ||
| * ], US federal judge<ref>{{cite book|title=The Martindale-Hubbell Law Directory|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_AI8AQAAIAAJ|volume=10|year=1996|publisher=LexisNexis.|page=1135}}</ref> | * ], US federal judge<ref>{{cite book|title=The Martindale-Hubbell Law Directory|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_AI8AQAAIAAJ|volume=10|year=1996|publisher=LexisNexis.|page=1135| isbn=9781561601783 }}</ref> | ||
| * ], blues singer/guitarist<ref>{{cite book|author1=Nigel Williamson|author2=Robert Plant|title=The rough guide to the blues|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AgE8AQAAIAAJ|date=2 April 2007|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=978-1-84353-519-5|page=308}}</ref> | * ], blues singer/guitarist<ref>{{cite book|author1=Nigel Williamson|author2=Robert Plant|title=The rough guide to the blues|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AgE8AQAAIAAJ|date=2 April 2007|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=978-1-84353-519-5|page=308}}</ref> | ||
| * ], writer and journalist<ref>{{cite book|author=Richard Rubin|title=Confederacy of Silence: A True Tale of the New Old South|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dDVx2iBppCgC|date=15 June 2010|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-1-4516-0265-4|page=2}}</ref> | |||
| * ], NFL player | * ], NFL player | ||
| * ], actress<ref>{{cite book|author=Bob McCann|title=Encyclopedia of African American Actresses in Film and Television|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X7ZYsnTPIhwC&pg=PA314|year=2010|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-5804-2|page=314}}</ref> | * ], actress<ref>{{cite book|author=Bob McCann|title=Encyclopedia of African American Actresses in Film and Television|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X7ZYsnTPIhwC&pg=PA314|year=2010|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-5804-2|page=314}}</ref> | ||
| * ], blues guitarist<ref>{{cite book|author=Jas Obrecht|title=Rollin' and Tumblin': The Postwar Blues Guitarists|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qBIaN63ZJEMC&pg=PA210|year=2000|publisher=Miller Freeman Books|isbn=978-0-87930-613-7|page=210}}</ref> | * ], blues guitarist<ref>{{cite book|author=Jas Obrecht|title=Rollin' and Tumblin': The Postwar Blues Guitarists|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qBIaN63ZJEMC&pg=PA210|year=2000|publisher=Miller Freeman Books|isbn=978-0-87930-613-7|page=210}}</ref> | ||
| * ], novelist<ref>{{cite book|author=Tracy Hargreaves|title=Donna Tartt's The Secret History: A Reader's Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l9juSx7s2gIC&pg=PA7|date=1 September 2001|publisher=Continuum|isbn=978-0-8264-5320-4|page=7}}</ref> | * ], novelist<ref>{{cite book|author=Tracy Hargreaves|title=Donna Tartt's The Secret History: A Reader's Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l9juSx7s2gIC&pg=PA7|date=1 September 2001|publisher=Continuum|isbn=978-0-8264-5320-4|page=7}}</ref> | ||
| * ], Mississippi governor and |
* ], Mississippi governor, senator, and white supremacist | ||
| * ], |
* ], mystery writer, author of ''Let the Night Fall'' (1953) and ''The Last Kill'' (1955) | ||
| * ], Olympic athlete<ref>{{cite book|author=Martha Ward Plowden|title=Olympic Black Women|url=https://archive.org/details/olympicblackwome00plow|url-access=registration|date=January 1996|publisher=Pelican Publishing|isbn=978-1-4556-0994-9|page=}}</ref> | * ], Olympic athlete<ref>{{cite book|author=Martha Ward Plowden|title=Olympic Black Women|url=https://archive.org/details/olympicblackwome00plow|url-access=registration|date=January 1996|publisher=Pelican Publishing|isbn=978-1-4556-0994-9|page=}}</ref> | ||
| {{div col end}} | {{div col end}} | ||
| Line 328: | Line 439: | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| {{Portal|Mississippi}} | {{Portal|Mississippi}} | ||
| * '']: A True Tale of the New Old South'', by ] | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| {{Reflist |
{{Reflist}} | ||
| ==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| Line 339: | Line 449: | ||
| {{Leflore County, Mississippi}} | {{Leflore County, Mississippi}} | ||
| {{Mississippi}} | {{Mississippi}} | ||
| {{Mississippi county seats}} | |||
| {{authority control}} | {{authority control}} | ||
Latest revision as of 17:00, 30 November 2024
Not to be confused with Greenville, Mississippi.City in Mississippi, United States
| Greenwood, Mississippi | |
|---|---|
| City | |
.jpg) Howard Street in Greenwood | |
 Flag Seal | |
 Location of Greenwood, Mississippi | |
  Greenwood, MississippiLocation in the United States | |
| Coordinates: 33°31′07″N 90°12′02″W / 33.51861°N 90.20056°W / 33.51861; -90.20056 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Mississippi |
| County | Leflore |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Carolyn McAdams (I) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 12.69 sq mi (302.87 km) |
| • Land | 12.34 sq mi (301.95 km) |
| • Water | 0.36 sq mi (0.92 km) |
| Elevation | 128 ft (39 m) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 14,490 |
| • Density | 1,174.71/sq mi (453.56/km) |
| Time zone | UTC−6 (Central (CST)) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
| ZIP codes | 38930, 38935 |
| Area code | 662 |
| FIPS code | 28-29340 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2403757 |
| Website | www |
Greenwood is a city in and the county seat of Leflore County, Mississippi, United States, located at the eastern edge of the Mississippi Delta region, approximately 96 miles north of the state capital, Jackson, and 130 miles south of the riverport of Memphis, Tennessee. It was a center of cotton planter culture in the 19th century.
The population was 15,205 at the 2010 census. It is the principal city of the Greenwood Micropolitan Statistical Area. Greenwood developed at the confluence of the Tallahatchie and the Yalobusha rivers, which form the Yazoo River.
History
European settlement
The first Euro-American settlement on the banks of the Yazoo River was a trading post founded in 1834 by Colonel Dr. John J. Dilliard and known as Dilliard's Landing. The settlement had competition from Greenwood Leflore's rival landing called Point Leflore, located three miles up the Yazoo River. The rivalry ended when Captain James Dilliard donated parcels in exchange for a commitment from the townsmen to maintain an all-weather turnpike to the hill section to the east, along with a stagecoach road to the more established settlements to the northwest.
The settlement was incorporated as "Greenwood" in 1844, named after Chief Greenwood LeFlore. The success of the city, founded during a strong international demand for cotton, was based on its strategic location in the heart of the Delta: on the easternmost point of the alluvial plain, and astride the Tallahatchie and Yazoo rivers. The city served as a shipping point for cotton to major markets in New Orleans, Vicksburg, Mississippi, Memphis, Tennessee, and St. Louis, Missouri.
The construction of railroads through the area in the 1880s revitalized the city; two rail lines ran to downtown Greenwood close to the Yazoo River, and shortened transportation to markets. Greenwood again emerged as a prime shipping point for cotton. Downtown's Front Street, bordering the Yazoo, was dominated by cotton factors and related businesses, earning that section the name "Cotton Row".
20th century
The city continued to prosper well into the 1940s. Cotton production suffered in Mississippi during the infestation of the boll weevil in the early 20th century; however, for many years the bridge over the Yazoo displayed the sign "World's Largest Inland Long Staple Cotton Market".
Cotton cultivation and processing became largely mechanized in the first half of the 20th century, displacing thousands of sharecroppers and tenant farmers. Since the late 20th century, some Mississippi farmers have begun to replace cotton with corn and soybeans as commodity crops; with the textile manufacturing industry having shifted overseas, farmers can gain stronger prices for the newer crops, used mostly as animal feed.
Greenwood's Grand Boulevard was once named one of America's 10 most beautiful streets by the U.S. Chambers of Commerce and the Garden Clubs of America. Sally Humphreys Gwin, a charter member of the Greenwood Garden Club, planted the 1,000 oak trees that line Grand Boulevard. In 1950, Gwin received a citation from the National Congress of the Daughters of the American Revolution in recognition of her work in the conservation of trees.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 9.5 square miles (25 km), of which 9.2 square miles (24 km) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km) is water.
Climate
| Climate data for Greenwood, Mississippi (Greenwood–Leflore Airport), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1948–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 84 (29) |
84 (29) |
88 (31) |
94 (34) |
100 (38) |
104 (40) |
105 (41) |
106 (41) |
103 (39) |
100 (38) |
89 (32) |
85 (29) |
106 (41) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 73.9 (23.3) |
76.7 (24.8) |
82.8 (28.2) |
86.8 (30.4) |
91.7 (33.2) |
95.0 (35.0) |
97.9 (36.6) |
98.8 (37.1) |
96.0 (35.6) |
89.9 (32.2) |
81.8 (27.7) |
75.7 (24.3) |
99.8 (37.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 54.2 (12.3) |
58.8 (14.9) |
67.2 (19.6) |
75.2 (24.0) |
82.9 (28.3) |
89.1 (31.7) |
91.5 (33.1) |
91.9 (33.3) |
87.3 (30.7) |
77.3 (25.2) |
65.7 (18.7) |
57.1 (13.9) |
74.8 (23.8) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 44.4 (6.9) |
48.3 (9.1) |
56.1 (13.4) |
64.0 (17.8) |
72.3 (22.4) |
79.0 (26.1) |
81.5 (27.5) |
81.1 (27.3) |
75.6 (24.2) |
64.9 (18.3) |
53.8 (12.1) |
47.1 (8.4) |
64.0 (17.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 34.7 (1.5) |
37.9 (3.3) |
45.1 (7.3) |
52.8 (11.6) |
61.7 (16.5) |
68.8 (20.4) |
71.6 (22.0) |
70.4 (21.3) |
63.8 (17.7) |
52.4 (11.3) |
41.9 (5.5) |
37.0 (2.8) |
53.2 (11.8) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 16.6 (−8.6) |
21.4 (−5.9) |
27.0 (−2.8) |
35.8 (2.1) |
46.5 (8.1) |
58.6 (14.8) |
63.9 (17.7) |
61.9 (16.6) |
48.0 (8.9) |
33.9 (1.1) |
25.7 (−3.5) |
21.5 (−5.8) |
14.6 (−9.7) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −2 (−19) |
−4 (−20) |
15 (−9) |
28 (−2) |
35 (2) |
49 (9) |
53 (12) |
52 (11) |
35 (2) |
27 (−3) |
15 (−9) |
2 (−17) |
−4 (−20) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 4.52 (115) |
5.04 (128) |
4.76 (121) |
5.82 (148) |
4.44 (113) |
3.74 (95) |
3.82 (97) |
3.21 (82) |
3.83 (97) |
3.41 (87) |
3.86 (98) |
5.33 (135) |
51.78 (1,315) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 9.6 | 10.0 | 10.7 | 8.9 | 9.8 | 9.0 | 9.3 | 8.2 | 6.0 | 7.4 | 8.3 | 10.2 | 107.4 |
| Source: NOAA | |||||||||||||
Demographics
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1880 | 308 | — | |
| 1890 | 1,055 | 242.5% | |
| 1900 | 3,026 | 186.8% | |
| 1910 | 5,836 | 92.9% | |
| 1920 | 7,793 | 33.5% | |
| 1930 | 11,123 | 42.7% | |
| 1940 | 14,767 | 32.8% | |
| 1950 | 18,061 | 22.3% | |
| 1960 | 20,436 | 13.1% | |
| 1970 | 22,400 | 9.6% | |
| 1980 | 20,115 | −10.2% | |
| 1990 | 18,906 | −6.0% | |
| 2000 | 18,425 | −2.5% | |
| 2010 | 15,205 | −17.5% | |
| 2020 | 14,490 | −4.7% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census | |||
2020 census
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
|---|---|---|
| White | 3,646 | 25.16% |
| Black or African American | 10,198 | 70.38% |
| Native American | 7 | 0.05% |
| Asian | 154 | 1.06% |
| Other/Mixed | 276 | 1.9% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 209 | 1.44% |
As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 14,490 people, 4,924 households, and 2,793 families residing in the city.
2010 census
At the 2010 census, there were 15,205 people and 6,022 households in the city. The population density was 1,237.7 inhabitants per square mile (477.9/km). There were 6,759 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 30.4% White, 67.0% Black, 0.1% Native American, 0.9% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, <0.1% from other races, and 0.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.1% of the population.
Among the 6,022 households, 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 29.8% were married couples living together, 29.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.6% were non-families. 32.5% of all households were made up of individuals living alone and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.16.
Arts and culture
Mississippi Blues Trail markers
Radio station WGRM on Howard Street was the location of B.B. King's first live broadcast in 1940. On Sunday nights, King performed live gospel music as part of a quartet. In memory of this event, the Mississippi Blues Trail has placed its third historic marker in this town at the site of the former radio station. Another Mississippi Blues Trail marker is placed near the grave of the blues singer Robert Johnson. A third Blues Trail marker notes the Elks Lodge in the city, which was an important black organization. A fourth Blues Trail marker was dedicated to Hubert Sumlin that is located along the Yazoo River on River Road.
Government
Local government
Greenwood is governed under a city council form of government, composed of council members elected from seven single-member wards and headed by a mayor, who is elected at-large.
Education
Greenwood Leflore Consolidated School District (GLCSD) operates public schools. Previously the majority of the city was in Greenwood Public School District while small portions were in the Leflore County School District. These two districts consolidated into GLCSD on July 1, 2019. Greenwood High School is the only public high school in Greenwood. As of 2014, the student body is 99% black. Amanda Elzy High School, outside of the Greenwood city limits, was formerly of the Leflore County district. It was recently taken over by the State of Mississippi for poor performance as a result of deficient leadership.
Pillow Academy, a private school, is located in unincorporated Leflore County, near Greenwood.
Delta Streets Academy, a newly founded private school located in downtown Greenwood, has an enrollment of nearly 50 students. It has continued to increase enrollment.
St. Francis Catholic School, run by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Jackson, provides classes from kindergarten through sixth grade.
In addition, North New Summit School provides educational services for special-needs and at-risk children from kindergarten through high school.
Media
Newspapers, magazines and journals
Television
AM/FM radio
- WABG, 960 AM (blues)
- WGNG, 106.3 FM (hip-hop/urban contemporary)
- WGNL, 104.3 FM (urban adult contemporary/blues)
- WGRM, 1240 AM (gospel)
- WGRM-FM, 93.9 FM (gospel)
- WMAO-FM, 90.9 FM (NPR broadcasting)
- WKXG, 92.7 FM (Country music) KIX-92.7
- WYMX, 99.1 FM (classic rock)
Filming location
Nightmare in Badham County (1976), Ode to Billy Joe (1976), and The Help (2011) were filmed in Greenwood. The 1991 movie Mississippi Masala was also set and filmed in Greenwood.
Infrastructure
Transportation
Railroads
Greenwood is served by two major rail lines. Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service to Greenwood, connecting New Orleans to Chicago from Greenwood station.
Air transportation
Greenwood is served by Greenwood–Leflore Airport (GWO) to the east, and is located midway between Jackson, Mississippi, and Memphis, Tennessee. It is about halfway between Dallas, Texas, and Atlanta, Georgia.
Highways
- U.S. Route 82 runs through Greenwood on its way from Georgia's Atlantic coast (Brunswick, Georgia) to the White Sands of New Mexico (east of Las Cruces).
- U.S. Route 49 passes through Greenwood as it stretches between Piggott, Arkansas, south to Gulfport.
- Other Greenwood highways include Mississippi Highway 7.
Notable people
- Valerie Brisco-Hooks, Olympic athlete
- C. C. Brown, professional football player
- Nora Jean Bruso, blues singer and songwriter
- Louis Coleman, Major League Baseball pitcher
- Byron De La Beckwith, white supremacist, assassin of civil rights leader Medgar Evers
- Carlos Emmons, professional football player
- Betty Everett, R&B vocalist and pianist
- James L. Flanagan, electrical engineer and speech scientist
- Alphonso Ford, professional basketball player
- Webb Franklin, United States congressman
- Morgan Freeman, actor
- Jim Gallagher, Jr., professional golfer
- Bobbie Gentry, singer/songwriter
- Sherrod Gideon, professional football player
- Gerald Glass, professional basketball player
- Guitar Slim, blues musician
- Lusia Harris, basketball player
- Endesha Ida Mae Holland, American scholar, playwright, and civil rights activist
- Dave Hoskins, professional baseball player
- Kent Hull, professional football player
- Tom Hunley, ex-slave and the inspiration for the character "Hambone" in J. P. Alley's syndicated cartoon feature, Hambone's Meditations
- Robert Johnson, blues musician
- Jermaine Jones, soccer player for the New England Revolution and United States national team
- Cleo Lemon, Toronto Argonauts quarterback
- Walter "Furry" Lewis, blues musician
- Bernie Machen, president of the University of Florida
- Della Campbell MacLeod (ca. 1884 – ?), author and journalist
- Paul Maholm, baseball pitcher
- Matt Miller, baseball pitcher
- Mulgrew Miller, jazz pianist
- Juanita Moore, actress
- Carrie Nye, actress
- W. Allen Pepper Jr., US federal judge
- Fenton Robinson, blues singer/guitarist
- Laverne Smith, NFL player
- Tonea Stewart, actress
- Hubert Sumlin, blues guitarist
- Donna Tartt, novelist
- James K. Vardaman, Mississippi governor, senator, and white supremacist
- Charlie Wells, mystery writer, author of Let the Night Fall (1953) and The Last Kill (1955)
- Willye B. White, Olympic athlete
See also
References
- "Carolyn McAdams – Delta Business Journal". Retrieved November 29, 2024.
- "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Greenwood, Mississippi
- "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- ^ Donny Whitehead; Mary Carol Miller (September 14, 2009). Greenwood. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-6786-0. Retrieved May 13, 2013.
- Smith, Frank E. (1954). The Yazoo River. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. pp. 57-58. ISBN 0-87805-355-7
- "Greenwood, Mississippi | Advisory Council on Historic Preservation". www.achp.gov. Retrieved November 25, 2024.
- Krauss, Clifford. "Mississippi Farmers Trade Cotton Plantings for Corn", The New York Times, May 5, 2009
- "NewspaperArchive® - Genealogy & Family History Records". Newspaperarchive.com. Retrieved July 28, 2018.
- Kirkpatrick, Mario Carter. Mississippi Off the Beaten Path, GPP Travel, 2007.
- "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
- "Station: Greenwood Leflore AP, MS". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
- "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
- "Explore Census Data". Data.census.gov. Retrieved December 6, 2021.
- "Greenwood Mississippi". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2013.
- Cloues, Kacey. "Great Southern Getaways - Mississippi" (PDF). Atlantamagazine.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 25, 2008. Retrieved May 31, 2008.
- "Historical marker placed on Mississippi Blues Trail". Associated Press. January 25, 2007. Retrieved February 9, 2007.
- "Film crew chronicles blues markers" (PDF). The Greenwood Commonwealth. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 12, 2008. Retrieved September 30, 2008.
- Widen, Larry. "JS Online: Blues trail". Jsonline.com. Archived from the original on December 15, 2007. Retrieved May 29, 2008.
- "Mississippi Blues Commission - Blues Trail". Msbluestrail.org. Retrieved May 29, 2008.
- "Mississippi Blues Commission - Blues Trail". Msbluestrail.org. Retrieved May 29, 2008.
- "SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP (2010 CENSUS): Leflore County, MS" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 13, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
- "School District Consolidation in Mississippi Archived 2017-07-02 at the Wayback Machine." Mississippi Professional Educators. December 2016. Retrieved on July 2, 2017. Page 2 (PDF p. 3/6).
- "Home". St. Francis Catholic School. Retrieved May 13, 2021.
- Barth, Jack (1991). Roadside Hollywood: The Movie Lover's State-By-State Guide to Film Locations, Celebrity Hangouts, Celluloid Tourist Attractions, and More. Contemporary Books, p. 169. ISBN 9780809243266.
- "Mississippi Masala (1991) Filming & Production". IMDb. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
- Mike Celizic (February 11, 1985). "Stardom Comes too Slowly for Speedster". The Record. p. s09.
- "C.C. Brown". Detroit Lions. Archived from the original on May 26, 2010. Retrieved March 23, 2023.
- Richard Skelly. "Nora Jean Bruso | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- "Louis Coleman Stats". Baseball Almanac. Retrieved July 18, 2013.
- "A Little Abnormal: The Life of Byron De La Beckwith". Time. July 5, 1963. Archived from the original on April 5, 2008. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
- "Football Signings in the Mid-South". The Commercial Appeal. February 7, 1991. p. D5.
- "Betty Everett, 61, of 'The Shoop Shoop Song'". New York Times. August 23, 2001. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
- Bryan Crawford (October 29, 2009). "Ford left huge legacy in Euroleague basketball". Greenwood Commonwealth.
- "Franklin, William Webster, (1941 - )". U.S. Congress. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
- ^ "Carl Small Town Center Continues Making a Difference in the Delta". US Fed News. December 4, 2013.
- Bill Burrus (July 19, 2012). "A hectic week for golfing Gallaghers". Greenwood Commonwealth.
- John Howard (October 10, 2001). Men Like That: A Southern Queer History. University of Chicago Press. p. 176. ISBN 978-0-226-35470-5.
- "Sherrod Gideon". TheProFootballArchives. Archived from the original on May 6, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2020.
- Scott Stanton (September 1, 2003). The Tombstone Tourist: Musicians. Gallery Books. p. 134. ISBN 978-0-7434-6330-0.
- David Kenneth Wiggins (2010). Sport in America: From Colonial Leisure to Celebrity Figures and Globalization. Human Kinetics. p. 370. ISBN 978-1-4504-0912-4.
- Sal Maiorana (January 2005). Memorable Stories of Buffalo Bills Football. Sports Publishing LLC. p. 82. ISBN 978-1-58261-963-7.
- "Mississippi Slave Narratives from the WPA Records". MSGenWeb. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
- Filip Bondy (April 27, 2010). Chasing the Game: America and the Quest for the World Cup. Da Capo Press, Incorporated. p. 253. ISBN 978-0-306-81905-6.
- "Cleo Lemon". Nfl.com. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
- Paul Oliver (September 27, 1984). Songsters and Saints: Vocal Traditions on Race Records. Cambridge University Press. p. 232. ISBN 978-0-521-26942-1.
- "The President". University of Florida. Archived from the original on January 19, 2014. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
- "Paul Maholm Stats". Mlb.com. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
- "Matt Miller Stats". Mlb.com. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
- Bob Doerschuk (2001). 88: The Giants of Jazz Piano. Backbeat Books. p. 287. ISBN 978-0-87930-656-4.
- "Juanita Moore dies at 99; 'Imitation of Life' actress earned Oscar nod". Los Angeles Times. January 2, 2014.
- Max Apple (1976). Mom, the Flag, and Apple Pie: Great American Writers on Great American Things. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-385-11459-2.
- The Martindale-Hubbell Law Directory. Vol. 10. LexisNexis. 1996. p. 1135. ISBN 9781561601783.
- Nigel Williamson; Robert Plant (April 2, 2007). The rough guide to the blues. Rough Guides. p. 308. ISBN 978-1-84353-519-5.
- Bob McCann (2010). Encyclopedia of African American Actresses in Film and Television. McFarland. p. 314. ISBN 978-0-7864-5804-2.
- Jas Obrecht (2000). Rollin' and Tumblin': The Postwar Blues Guitarists. Miller Freeman Books. p. 210. ISBN 978-0-87930-613-7.
- Tracy Hargreaves (September 1, 2001). Donna Tartt's The Secret History: A Reader's Guide. Continuum. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-8264-5320-4.
- Martha Ward Plowden (January 1996). Olympic Black Women. Pelican Publishing. p. 143. ISBN 978-1-4556-0994-9.
External links
| Greenwood, Mississippi | |
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| Education | |
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| Media | |
| Landmarks | |
| Greenwood PSD merged into Greenwood-Leflore CSD effective July 1, 2019. (*) Pillow Academy is in an unincorporated area near Greenwood and is not in the city limits. (**) The main campus is not in Greenwood, but Greeenwood is within its service area | |
| Municipalities and communities of Leflore County, Mississippi, United States | ||
|---|---|---|
| County seat: Greenwood | ||
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| CDP | ||
| Unincorporated communities | ||
| Ghost town | ||
| Footnotes | ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties | |