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{{Short description|Historic Civil War site in Hardin County, Tennessee}}
{{for|the military conflict|Battle of Shiloh}} {{for|the military conflict|Battle of Shiloh}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2017}} {{Use American English|date=December 2017}}
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| name = Shiloh National Military Park | name = Shiloh National Military Park
<!-- not designated in IUCN database --> <!-- not designated in IUCN database -->
| photo = Shiloh Church.jpg
| photo_caption = Shiloh Church replica
| map = Tennessee#Mississippi#USA | map = Tennessee#Mississippi#USA
| relief = 1 | relief = 1
| map_caption = | map_caption =
| location = ] & ], ] | location = ] & ], ]
| nearest_city = ] | nearest_city = ]
| coordinates = {{coord|35|08|19|N|88|20|32|W|region:US|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | coordinates = {{coord|35|08|12|N|88|20|26|W|region:US_source:GNIS|display=inline,title}}
| coords_ref = | coords_ref =
| area_acre = 3996.64 | area_acre = 9324<!-- rounded to 1 acre -->
| area_ref = <ref name="area">{{NPS area |year=2020 |accessdate=2021-08-15}}</ref>
| established = December 27, 1894
| established = December 27, 1894<ref>{{cite web |title=Park Anniversaries |url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/npscelebrates/park-anniversaries.htm |access-date=13 August 2021}}</ref>
| visitation_num = 315,296 | visitation_num = 371,735
| visitation_year = 2005 | visitation_year = 2023
| governing_body = ] | governing_body = ]
| website = | website =
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{{Infobox protected area {{Infobox protected area
| name = Shiloh National Battlefield | name = Shiloh National Battlefield
| iucn_category = III | iucn_category = III
| map = | map =
| relief = 1 | relief = 1
| map_caption = | map_caption =
| location = | location =
| nearest_city = | nearest_city =
| coordinates = | coordinates =
| coords_ref = | coords_ref =
| area_acre = | area_acre =
| established = | established =
| visitation_num = | visitation_num =
| visitation_year = | visitation_year =
| governing_body = ] | governing_body = ]
| website = | website =
}} }}
'''Shiloh National Military Park''' preserves the ] Shiloh and Corinth battlefields. The main section of the park is in the ] town of ], about nine miles (14&nbsp;km) south of ], with an additional area located in the city of ], 23 miles (37&nbsp;km) southwest of Shiloh. The ] began a six-month struggle for the key railroad junction at Corinth. Afterward, ] forces marched from ] to take Corinth in a May siege, then withstood an October ] counter-attack. '''Shiloh National Military Park''' preserves the ] ] and ] battlefields. The main section of the park is in the ] community of ], about nine miles (14&nbsp;km) south of ], with additional areas located in the city of ], 23 miles (37&nbsp;km) southwest of Shiloh and the ] in the city of ]. The ] (April 6–7, 1862) began a six-month struggle for the key railroad junction at Corinth. Afterward, ] forces marched from ] to take Corinth in a May siege, then withstood an October ] counter-attack.


The visitor center provides exhibitions, films and a self-guided Auto Tour. The visitor center provides exhibitions, films and a self-guided auto-tour.


==Shiloh battlefield== ==Shiloh battlefield==


{{main article|Battle of Shiloh}} {{main|Battle of Shiloh}}
The ] was one of the first major battles in the ]. The two-day battle, April 6 and April 7, 1862, involved about 65,000 ] troops under ] and ] and 44,000 ] under ] (killed in the battle) and ]. The battle resulted in nearly 24,000 killed, wounded, and missing. The two days of fighting did not end in a decisive tactical victory for either side —the Union held the battlefield but failed to pursue the withdrawing Confederate forces. However, it was a decisive strategic defeat for the Confederate forces that had massed to oppose Grant's and Buell's invasion through Tennessee. After the Battle of Shiloh, the Union forces proceeded to capture Corinth and the critical railroad junction there. The Battle of Shiloh was one of the first major battles in the ]. The two-day battle, April 6–7, 1862, involved about 65,000 ] troops under ] and ] and 44,000 ] under ] (killed in the battle) and ]. The battle resulted in nearly 24,000 killed, wounded, and missing. The two days of fighting did not end in a decisive tactical victory for either side—the Union held the battlefield but failed to pursue the withdrawing Confederate forces. However, it was a decisive strategic defeat for the Confederate forces that had massed to oppose Grant's and Buell's invasion through Tennessee. After the Battle of Shiloh, the Union forces proceeded to capture Corinth and the critical railroad junction there.


The battlefield is named after '''Shiloh Methodist Church''', a small log church near Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee. Pittsburg Landing is the point on the Tennessee River where the Union forces landed for the battle; they referred to the battle as "The Battle of Pittsburg Landing".<ref>Known Southern History</ref> The battlefield is named after '''Shiloh Methodist Church''', a small log church near Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee. Pittsburg Landing is the point on the Tennessee River where the Union forces landed for the battle; they referred to the battle as "The Battle of Pittsburg Landing".<ref>Known Southern History</ref>


<gallery caption="Shiloh Military Park Landmarks" > <gallery caption="Shiloh Military Park Landmarks">
Image:Iowa Monument, Shiloh National Military Park.JPG|Iowa Monument Image:Iowa Monument, Shiloh National Military Park.JPG|Iowa Monument
File:Sunken Road, Shiloh National Military Park.JPG|The Sunken Road File:Sunken Road, Shiloh National Military Park.JPG|The Sunken Road
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==Park information== ==Park information==
* Total area: 3,996.64 acres (16.173&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) * Total area: 3,997 acres (16.18&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>)<!-- Numbers rounded to whole acres iaw MOS:NUM -->
* Federal area: 3,941.64 acres (15.951&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) * Federal area: 3,942 acres (15.95&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>)
* Nonfederal area: 55 acres (0.22&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) * Nonfederal area: 55 acres (0.22&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>)


The Shiloh ] was established on December 27, 1894. In 1904, Basil Wilson Duke was appointed commissioner of Shiloh National Military Park by President Theodore Roosevelt. There were requests of local farmers who had grown tired of their ]s rooting up the remains of soldiers that had fallen during the battle, insisting that the federal government do something about it. The park was transferred from the ] to the ] on August 10, 1933. As with all historic areas administered by the National Park Service, the military park was listed on the ] on October 15, 1966. On September 22, 2000, sites associated with the Corinth battlefield (see ] and ]) were added to the park. The ] was designated a National Historic Landmark on May 6, 1991.<ref name="nhlsum">{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2107&ResourceType=District|title=Siege and Battle of Corinth Sites|accessdate=2007-10-24|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606065325/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2107&ResourceType=District|archivedate=June 6, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="nhlsum"/><ref name="nrhpinv2">{{Cite journal|url={{NHLS url|id=91001050}}|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Siege and Battle of Corinth Sites|date=January 8, 1991 |format=PDF |author1=Paul Hawke |author2=Cecil McKithan |author3=Tom Hensley |author4=Jack Elliott |author5=Edwin C. Bearss |last-author-amp=yes |publisher=National Park Service |accessdate=2009-06-22|postscript=<!--None-->}} and {{NHLS url|id=91001050|title=Accompanying 15 photos, from 19 90.|photos=y}}&nbsp;{{small|(1.70&nbsp;MB)}}</ref> The ] held its 2013 convention at Shiloh.<ref>{{cite video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i4fusXTACpA |title=National Park Travelers Club 2013 Convention Preview |publisher=NPTC |accessdate=2012-07-21}}</ref> The ] (a division of the ]) and its federal, state and local partners have acquired and preserved {{convert|1,317|acres|km2}} of the battlefield in more than 25 different transactions since 2001. Most of this land has been sold or conveyed to the ] and incorporated into the park.<ref> ] "Saved Land" webpage. Accessed May 25, 2018.</ref> The Shiloh National Military Park was established on December 27, 1894. In 1904, ] was appointed commissioner of Shiloh National Military Park by President Theodore Roosevelt. There were requests of local farmers who had grown tired of their ]s rooting up the remains of soldiers that had fallen during the battle, insisting that the federal government do something about it. The park was transferred from the ] to the ] on August 10, 1933. As with all historic areas administered by the National Park Service, the military park was listed on the ] on October 15, 1966. On September 22, 2000, sites associated with the Corinth battlefield (see ] and ]) were added to the park. The ] was designated a National Historic Landmark on May 6, 1991.<ref name="nhlsum">{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2107&ResourceType=District|title=Siege and Battle of Corinth Sites|access-date=2007-10-24|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606065325/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2107&ResourceType=District|archive-date=June 6, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="nrhpinv2">{{Cite journal|url={{NHLS url|id=91001050}}|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Siege and Battle of Corinth Sites|date=January 8, 1991 |format=PDF |author1=Paul Hawke |author2=Cecil McKithan |author3=Tom Hensley |author4=Jack Elliott |author5=Edwin C. Bearss |name-list-style=amp |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=2009-06-22}} and, {{NHLS url|id=91001050|title=Accompanying 15 photos, from 1990|photos=y}}&nbsp;{{small|(1.70&nbsp;MB)}}</ref> The ] held its 2013 convention at Shiloh.<ref>{{cite video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i4fusXTACpA |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/i4fusXTACpA |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live|title=National Park Travelers Club 2013 Convention Preview |publisher=NPTC |access-date=2012-06-09}}{{cbignore}}</ref> As of early 2024, the ] and its federal, state and local partners have acquired and preserved {{convert|1,554|acres|km2}} of the battlefield in more than 26 different transactions since 2001. Most of this land has been sold or conveyed to the National Park Service and incorporated into the park.<ref> ] "Saved Land" webpage. Accessed June 9, 2024.</ref>


===Visitor center=== ===Visitor center===
Permanent exhibitions, films, displays and self-guided 12-mile Auto Tour, stopping at the Peach Orchard, the Hornet’s Nest and General Johnston’s death site. Permanent exhibitions, films, displays and self-guided 12-mile auto-tour, stopping at the Peach Orchard, the Hornet's Nest and General Johnston's death site.


==Shiloh National Cemetery== ==Shiloh National Cemetery==
'''Shiloh National Cemetery''' is in the northeast corner of the park<ref>{{GNIS|1323947|Shiloh National Cemetery}} at {{coord|35|09|02|N|88|19|12|W|display=inline}}</ref> adjacent to the visitor center and bookstore. Buried within its {{convert|20.09|acre|m2}} are 3584 Union dead (of whom 2357 are unknown), who were re-interred in the cemetery created after the war, in 1866. There are two Confederate dead interred in the cemetery. The cemetery operations were transferred from War Department to the National Park Service in 1933. An unknown number of Confederate dead are interred in mass graves in the park. '''Shiloh National Cemetery''' is in the northeast corner of the park<ref>{{GNIS|1323947|Shiloh National Cemetery}} at {{coord|35|09|02|N|88|19|12|W|source:GNIS|display=inline}}</ref> adjacent to the visitor center and bookstore. Buried within its {{convert|20.09|acre|m2}} are 3,584 Union dead (of whom 2,357 are unknown), who were re-interred in the cemetery created after the war, in 1866. There are two Confederate dead interred in the cemetery. The cemetery operations were transferred from War Department to the National Park Service in 1933. An unknown number of Confederate dead are interred in mass graves in the park.
{{wide image|Shiloh Natl Cemetery 2009 pano1.jpg|1200px|Panoramic view: slide bar to the right.}} {{wide image|Shiloh Natl Cemetery 2009 pano1.jpg|1200px|Panoramic view: slide bar to the right.}}


== Shiloh Indian Mounds Site == == Shiloh Indian Mounds Site ==
] ]
The Shiloh battlefield has within its boundaries the well preserved prehistoric ], which is also a ]. The site was inhabited during the ] from about 1000 to 1450 CE.<ref name=WELCH>{{Cite book |title=Archaeology at Shiloh Indian Mounds, 1899-1999 |author=Paul D. Welch |publisher=University of Alabama Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-8173-1481-1}}</ref> The Shiloh battlefield has within its boundaries the well preserved prehistoric ], which is also a ]. The site was inhabited during the ] from about 1000 to 1450.<ref name=WELCH>{{Cite book |title=Archaeology at Shiloh Indian Mounds, 1899–1999 |author=Paul D. Welch |publisher=University of Alabama Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-8173-1481-1}}</ref>


==See also== ==See also==
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==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}
* ''The National Parks: Index 2001-2003''. Washington: ]. * ''The National Parks: Index 2001–2003''. Washington: ].


==External links== ==External links==
{{Commons category}} {{Commons category}}
* *{{Official website|http://www.nps.gov/shil/}}
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
*{{GNIS|1270094|Shiloh National Battlefield}}<!-- coords used in infoxbox -->
* {{GNIS|1323947}}
*{{Find a Grave cemetery|18454|Shiloh National Cemetery}}
* at ]
*{{HAER |survey=TN-37 |id=tn0300 |title=Shiloh National Military Park Tour Roads, Shiloh, Hardin County, TN |photos=44 |color=4 |dwgs=4 |data=129 |cap=5}}

{{Protected areas of Tennessee}} {{Protected areas of Tennessee}}
{{Protected areas of Mississippi}} {{Protected areas of Mississippi}}
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{{Pre-Columbian North America}} {{Pre-Columbian North America}}
{{National Park Travelers Club Conventions}} {{National Park Travelers Club Conventions}}

{{Authority control}}


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Latest revision as of 22:03, 5 December 2024

Historic Civil War site in Hardin County, Tennessee For the military conflict, see Battle of Shiloh.

Shiloh National Military Park
Shiloh Church replica
Map showing the location of Shiloh National Military ParkMap showing the location of Shiloh National Military ParkShow map of TennesseeMap showing the location of Shiloh National Military ParkMap showing the location of Shiloh National Military ParkShow map of MississippiMap showing the location of Shiloh National Military ParkMap showing the location of Shiloh National Military ParkShow map of the United States
LocationShiloh, Hardin County, Tennessee & Corinth, Mississippi, US
Nearest citySavannah, Tennessee
Coordinates35°08′12″N 88°20′26″W / 35.13667°N 88.34056°W / 35.13667; -88.34056
Area9,324 acres (37.73 km)
EstablishedDecember 27, 1894
Visitors371,735 (in 2023)
Governing bodyNational Park Service
WebsiteShiloh National Military Park
Shiloh National Battlefield
IUCN category III (natural monument or feature)
Governing bodyNational Park Service

Shiloh National Military Park preserves the American Civil War Shiloh and Corinth battlefields. The main section of the park is in the unincorporated community of Shiloh, about nine miles (14 km) south of Savannah, Tennessee, with additional areas located in the city of Corinth, Mississippi, 23 miles (37 km) southwest of Shiloh and the Parker's Crossroads Battlefield in the city of Parkers Crossroads, Tennessee. The Battle of Shiloh (April 6–7, 1862) began a six-month struggle for the key railroad junction at Corinth. Afterward, Union forces marched from Pittsburg Landing to take Corinth in a May siege, then withstood an October Confederate counter-attack.

The visitor center provides exhibitions, films and a self-guided auto-tour.

Shiloh battlefield

Main article: Battle of Shiloh

The Battle of Shiloh was one of the first major battles in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. The two-day battle, April 6–7, 1862, involved about 65,000 Union troops under Ulysses S. Grant and Don Carlos Buell and 44,000 Confederates under Albert Sidney Johnston (killed in the battle) and P.G.T. Beauregard. The battle resulted in nearly 24,000 killed, wounded, and missing. The two days of fighting did not end in a decisive tactical victory for either side—the Union held the battlefield but failed to pursue the withdrawing Confederate forces. However, it was a decisive strategic defeat for the Confederate forces that had massed to oppose Grant's and Buell's invasion through Tennessee. After the Battle of Shiloh, the Union forces proceeded to capture Corinth and the critical railroad junction there.

The battlefield is named after Shiloh Methodist Church, a small log church near Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee. Pittsburg Landing is the point on the Tennessee River where the Union forces landed for the battle; they referred to the battle as "The Battle of Pittsburg Landing".

  • Shiloh Military Park Landmarks
  • Iowa Monument Iowa Monument
  • The Sunken Road The Sunken Road
  • Confederate Memorial Confederate Memorial
  • Shiloh National Cemetery Shiloh National Cemetery

Park information

  • Total area: 3,997 acres (16.18 km)
  • Federal area: 3,942 acres (15.95 km)
  • Nonfederal area: 55 acres (0.22 km)

The Shiloh National Military Park was established on December 27, 1894. In 1904, Basil W. Duke was appointed commissioner of Shiloh National Military Park by President Theodore Roosevelt. There were requests of local farmers who had grown tired of their pigs rooting up the remains of soldiers that had fallen during the battle, insisting that the federal government do something about it. The park was transferred from the War Department to the National Park Service on August 10, 1933. As with all historic areas administered by the National Park Service, the military park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966. On September 22, 2000, sites associated with the Corinth battlefield (see First and Second Battles of Corinth) were added to the park. The Siege and Battle of Corinth Sites was designated a National Historic Landmark on May 6, 1991. The National Park Travelers Club held its 2013 convention at Shiloh. As of early 2024, the American Battlefield Trust and its federal, state and local partners have acquired and preserved 1,554 acres (6.29 km) of the battlefield in more than 26 different transactions since 2001. Most of this land has been sold or conveyed to the National Park Service and incorporated into the park.

Visitor center

Permanent exhibitions, films, displays and self-guided 12-mile auto-tour, stopping at the Peach Orchard, the Hornet's Nest and General Johnston's death site.

Shiloh National Cemetery

Shiloh National Cemetery is in the northeast corner of the park adjacent to the visitor center and bookstore. Buried within its 20.09 acres (81,300 m) are 3,584 Union dead (of whom 2,357 are unknown), who were re-interred in the cemetery created after the war, in 1866. There are two Confederate dead interred in the cemetery. The cemetery operations were transferred from War Department to the National Park Service in 1933. An unknown number of Confederate dead are interred in mass graves in the park.

Panoramic view: slide bar to the right.

Shiloh Indian Mounds Site

Shiloh Mounds aerial illustration

The Shiloh battlefield has within its boundaries the well preserved prehistoric Shiloh Indian Mounds Site, which is also a National Historic Landmark. The site was inhabited during the Early Mississippian period from about 1000 to 1450.

See also

References

  1. "Listing of acreage – December 31, 2020" (XLSX). Land Resource Division, National Park Service. Retrieved August 15, 2021. (National Park Service Acreage Reports)
  2. "Park Anniversaries". Retrieved August 13, 2021.
  3. Known Southern History
  4. "Siege and Battle of Corinth Sites". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved October 24, 2007.
  5. Paul Hawke; Cecil McKithan; Tom Hensley; Jack Elliott & Edwin C. Bearss (January 8, 1991). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: Siege and Battle of Corinth Sites" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved June 22, 2009. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) and, Accompanying 15 photos, from 1990 (1.70 MB)
  6. National Park Travelers Club 2013 Convention Preview. NPTC. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2012.
  7. American Battlefield Trust "Saved Land" webpage. Accessed June 9, 2024.
  8. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Shiloh National Cemetery at 35°09′02″N 88°19′12″W / 35.15056°N 88.32000°W / 35.15056; -88.32000
  9. Paul D. Welch (2005). Archaeology at Shiloh Indian Mounds, 1899–1999. University of Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0-8173-1481-1.

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