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{{Short description|Historic Civil War site in Hardin County, Tennessee}} | |||
{{for|the military conflict|Battle of Shiloh}} | {{for|the military conflict|Battle of Shiloh}} | ||
{{Use American English|date=December 2017}} | {{Use American English|date=December 2017}} | ||
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| name = Shiloh National Military Park | | name = Shiloh National Military Park | ||
<!-- not designated in IUCN database --> | <!-- not designated in IUCN database --> | ||
| photo = Shiloh Church.jpg | |||
| photo_caption = Shiloh Church replica | |||
| map = Tennessee#Mississippi#USA | | map = Tennessee#Mississippi#USA | ||
| relief = 1 | | relief = 1 | ||
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| location = ] & ], ] | | location = ] & ], ] | ||
| nearest_city = ] | | nearest_city = ] | ||
| coordinates = {{coord|35|08| |
| coordinates = {{coord|35|08|12|N|88|20|26|W|region:US_source:GNIS|display=inline,title}} | ||
| coords_ref = | | coords_ref = | ||
| area_acre = |
| area_acre = 9324<!-- rounded to 1 acre --> | ||
| area_ref = <ref name="area">{{NPS area |year=2020 |accessdate=2021-08-15}}</ref> | |||
| established = December 27, 1894 | |||
| established = December 27, 1894<ref>{{cite web |title=Park Anniversaries |url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/npscelebrates/park-anniversaries.htm |access-date=13 August 2021}}</ref> | |||
| visitation_num = |
| visitation_num = 371,735 | ||
| visitation_year = |
| visitation_year = 2023 | ||
| governing_body = ] | | governing_body = ] | ||
| website = | | website = | ||
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{{Infobox protected area | {{Infobox protected area | ||
| name = Shiloh National Battlefield |
| name = Shiloh National Battlefield | ||
| iucn_category = III | | iucn_category = III | ||
| map = |
| map = | ||
| relief = 1 | | relief = 1 | ||
| map_caption = | | map_caption = | ||
| location = |
| location = | ||
| nearest_city = |
| nearest_city = | ||
| coordinates = |
| coordinates = | ||
| coords_ref = | | coords_ref = | ||
| area_acre = | | area_acre = | ||
| established = |
| established = | ||
| visitation_num = |
| visitation_num = | ||
| visitation_year = |
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| governing_body = ] | | governing_body = ] | ||
| website = |
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}} | }} | ||
'''Shiloh National Military Park''' preserves the ] Shiloh and Corinth battlefields. The main section of the park is in the ] |
'''Shiloh National Military Park''' preserves the ] ] and ] battlefields. The main section of the park is in the ] community of ], about nine miles (14 km) south of ], with additional areas located in the city of ], 23 miles (37 km) southwest of Shiloh and the ] in the city of ]. The ] (April 6–7, 1862) began a six-month struggle for the key railroad junction at Corinth. Afterward, ] forces marched from ] to take Corinth in a May siege, then withstood an October ] counter-attack. | ||
The visitor center provides exhibitions, films and a self-guided auto-tour. | The visitor center provides exhibitions, films and a self-guided auto-tour. | ||
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{{main|Battle of Shiloh}} | {{main|Battle of Shiloh}} | ||
The |
The Battle of Shiloh was one of the first major battles in the ]. The two-day battle, April 6–7, 1862, involved about 65,000 ] troops under ] and ] and 44,000 ] under ] (killed in the battle) and ]. The battle resulted in nearly 24,000 killed, wounded, and missing. The two days of fighting did not end in a decisive tactical victory for either side—the Union held the battlefield but failed to pursue the withdrawing Confederate forces. However, it was a decisive strategic defeat for the Confederate forces that had massed to oppose Grant's and Buell's invasion through Tennessee. After the Battle of Shiloh, the Union forces proceeded to capture Corinth and the critical railroad junction there. | ||
The battlefield is named after '''Shiloh Methodist Church''', a small log church near Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee. Pittsburg Landing is the point on the Tennessee River where the Union forces landed for the battle; they referred to the battle as "The Battle of Pittsburg Landing".<ref>Known Southern History</ref> | The battlefield is named after '''Shiloh Methodist Church''', a small log church near Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee. Pittsburg Landing is the point on the Tennessee River where the Union forces landed for the battle; they referred to the battle as "The Battle of Pittsburg Landing".<ref>Known Southern History</ref> | ||
<gallery caption="Shiloh Military Park Landmarks" |
<gallery caption="Shiloh Military Park Landmarks"> | ||
Image:Iowa Monument, Shiloh National Military Park.JPG|Iowa Monument | Image:Iowa Monument, Shiloh National Military Park.JPG|Iowa Monument | ||
File:Sunken Road, Shiloh National Military Park.JPG|The Sunken Road | File:Sunken Road, Shiloh National Military Park.JPG|The Sunken Road | ||
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==Park information== | ==Park information== | ||
* Total area: 3, |
* Total area: 3,997 acres (16.18 km<sup>2</sup>)<!-- Numbers rounded to whole acres iaw MOS:NUM --> | ||
* Federal area: 3, |
* Federal area: 3,942 acres (15.95 km<sup>2</sup>) | ||
* Nonfederal area: 55 acres (0.22 km<sup>2</sup>) | * Nonfederal area: 55 acres (0.22 km<sup>2</sup>) | ||
The Shiloh |
The Shiloh National Military Park was established on December 27, 1894. In 1904, ] was appointed commissioner of Shiloh National Military Park by President Theodore Roosevelt. There were requests of local farmers who had grown tired of their ]s rooting up the remains of soldiers that had fallen during the battle, insisting that the federal government do something about it. The park was transferred from the ] to the ] on August 10, 1933. As with all historic areas administered by the National Park Service, the military park was listed on the ] on October 15, 1966. On September 22, 2000, sites associated with the Corinth battlefield (see ] and ]) were added to the park. The ] was designated a National Historic Landmark on May 6, 1991.<ref name="nhlsum">{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2107&ResourceType=District|title=Siege and Battle of Corinth Sites|access-date=2007-10-24|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606065325/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2107&ResourceType=District|archive-date=June 6, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="nrhpinv2">{{Cite journal|url={{NHLS url|id=91001050}}|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Siege and Battle of Corinth Sites|date=January 8, 1991 |format=PDF |author1=Paul Hawke |author2=Cecil McKithan |author3=Tom Hensley |author4=Jack Elliott |author5=Edwin C. Bearss |name-list-style=amp |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=2009-06-22}} and, {{NHLS url|id=91001050|title=Accompanying 15 photos, from 1990|photos=y}} {{small|(1.70 MB)}}</ref> The ] held its 2013 convention at Shiloh.<ref>{{cite video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i4fusXTACpA |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/i4fusXTACpA |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live|title=National Park Travelers Club 2013 Convention Preview |publisher=NPTC |access-date=2012-06-09}}{{cbignore}}</ref> As of early 2024, the ] and its federal, state and local partners have acquired and preserved {{convert|1,554|acres|km2}} of the battlefield in more than 26 different transactions since 2001. Most of this land has been sold or conveyed to the National Park Service and incorporated into the park.<ref> ] "Saved Land" webpage. Accessed June 9, 2024.</ref> | ||
===Visitor center=== |
===Visitor center=== | ||
Permanent exhibitions, films, displays and self-guided 12-mile auto-tour, stopping at the Peach Orchard, the Hornet's Nest and General Johnston's death site. | Permanent exhibitions, films, displays and self-guided 12-mile auto-tour, stopping at the Peach Orchard, the Hornet's Nest and General Johnston's death site. | ||
==Shiloh National Cemetery== | ==Shiloh National Cemetery== | ||
'''Shiloh National Cemetery''' is in the northeast corner of the park<ref>{{GNIS|1323947|Shiloh National Cemetery}} at {{coord|35|09|02|N|88|19|12|W|display=inline}}</ref> adjacent to the visitor center and bookstore. Buried within its {{convert|20.09|acre|m2}} are |
'''Shiloh National Cemetery''' is in the northeast corner of the park<ref>{{GNIS|1323947|Shiloh National Cemetery}} at {{coord|35|09|02|N|88|19|12|W|source:GNIS|display=inline}}</ref> adjacent to the visitor center and bookstore. Buried within its {{convert|20.09|acre|m2}} are 3,584 Union dead (of whom 2,357 are unknown), who were re-interred in the cemetery created after the war, in 1866. There are two Confederate dead interred in the cemetery. The cemetery operations were transferred from War Department to the National Park Service in 1933. An unknown number of Confederate dead are interred in mass graves in the park. | ||
{{wide image|Shiloh Natl Cemetery 2009 pano1.jpg|1200px|Panoramic view: slide bar to the right.}} | {{wide image|Shiloh Natl Cemetery 2009 pano1.jpg|1200px|Panoramic view: slide bar to the right.}} | ||
== Shiloh Indian Mounds Site == | == Shiloh Indian Mounds Site == | ||
] | ] | ||
The Shiloh battlefield has within its boundaries the well preserved prehistoric ], which is also a ]. The site was inhabited during the ] from about 1000 to 1450 |
The Shiloh battlefield has within its boundaries the well preserved prehistoric ], which is also a ]. The site was inhabited during the ] from about 1000 to 1450.<ref name=WELCH>{{Cite book |title=Archaeology at Shiloh Indian Mounds, 1899–1999 |author=Paul D. Welch |publisher=University of Alabama Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-8173-1481-1}}</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{Commons category}} | {{Commons category}} | ||
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*{{Official website|http://www.nps.gov/shil/}} | ||
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*{{GNIS|1270094|Shiloh National Battlefield}}<!-- coords used in infoxbox --> | |||
* {{GNIS|1323947}} | |||
*{{Find a Grave cemetery|18454|Shiloh National Cemetery}} | |||
* at ] | |||
*{{HAER |survey=TN-37 |id=tn0300 |title=Shiloh National Military Park Tour Roads, Shiloh, Hardin County, TN |photos=44 |color=4 |dwgs=4 |data=129 |cap=5}} | |||
{{Protected areas of Tennessee}} | {{Protected areas of Tennessee}} | ||
{{Protected areas of Mississippi}} | {{Protected areas of Mississippi}} | ||
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{{Pre-Columbian North America}} | {{Pre-Columbian North America}} | ||
{{National Park Travelers Club Conventions}} | {{National Park Travelers Club Conventions}} | ||
{{Authority control}} | |||
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Latest revision as of 22:03, 5 December 2024
Historic Civil War site in Hardin County, Tennessee For the military conflict, see Battle of Shiloh.
Shiloh National Military Park | |
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Shiloh Church replica | |
Show map of TennesseeShow map of MississippiShow map of the United States | |
Location | Shiloh, Hardin County, Tennessee & Corinth, Mississippi, US |
Nearest city | Savannah, Tennessee |
Coordinates | 35°08′12″N 88°20′26″W / 35.13667°N 88.34056°W / 35.13667; -88.34056 |
Area | 9,324 acres (37.73 km) |
Established | December 27, 1894 |
Visitors | 371,735 (in 2023) |
Governing body | National Park Service |
Website | Shiloh National Military Park |
Shiloh National Battlefield | |
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IUCN category III (natural monument or feature) | |
Governing body | National Park Service |
Shiloh National Military Park preserves the American Civil War Shiloh and Corinth battlefields. The main section of the park is in the unincorporated community of Shiloh, about nine miles (14 km) south of Savannah, Tennessee, with additional areas located in the city of Corinth, Mississippi, 23 miles (37 km) southwest of Shiloh and the Parker's Crossroads Battlefield in the city of Parkers Crossroads, Tennessee. The Battle of Shiloh (April 6–7, 1862) began a six-month struggle for the key railroad junction at Corinth. Afterward, Union forces marched from Pittsburg Landing to take Corinth in a May siege, then withstood an October Confederate counter-attack.
The visitor center provides exhibitions, films and a self-guided auto-tour.
Shiloh battlefield
Main article: Battle of ShilohThe Battle of Shiloh was one of the first major battles in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. The two-day battle, April 6–7, 1862, involved about 65,000 Union troops under Ulysses S. Grant and Don Carlos Buell and 44,000 Confederates under Albert Sidney Johnston (killed in the battle) and P.G.T. Beauregard. The battle resulted in nearly 24,000 killed, wounded, and missing. The two days of fighting did not end in a decisive tactical victory for either side—the Union held the battlefield but failed to pursue the withdrawing Confederate forces. However, it was a decisive strategic defeat for the Confederate forces that had massed to oppose Grant's and Buell's invasion through Tennessee. After the Battle of Shiloh, the Union forces proceeded to capture Corinth and the critical railroad junction there.
The battlefield is named after Shiloh Methodist Church, a small log church near Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee. Pittsburg Landing is the point on the Tennessee River where the Union forces landed for the battle; they referred to the battle as "The Battle of Pittsburg Landing".
- Shiloh Military Park Landmarks
- Iowa Monument
- The Sunken Road
- Confederate Memorial
- Shiloh National Cemetery
Park information
- Total area: 3,997 acres (16.18 km)
- Federal area: 3,942 acres (15.95 km)
- Nonfederal area: 55 acres (0.22 km)
The Shiloh National Military Park was established on December 27, 1894. In 1904, Basil W. Duke was appointed commissioner of Shiloh National Military Park by President Theodore Roosevelt. There were requests of local farmers who had grown tired of their pigs rooting up the remains of soldiers that had fallen during the battle, insisting that the federal government do something about it. The park was transferred from the War Department to the National Park Service on August 10, 1933. As with all historic areas administered by the National Park Service, the military park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966. On September 22, 2000, sites associated with the Corinth battlefield (see First and Second Battles of Corinth) were added to the park. The Siege and Battle of Corinth Sites was designated a National Historic Landmark on May 6, 1991. The National Park Travelers Club held its 2013 convention at Shiloh. As of early 2024, the American Battlefield Trust and its federal, state and local partners have acquired and preserved 1,554 acres (6.29 km) of the battlefield in more than 26 different transactions since 2001. Most of this land has been sold or conveyed to the National Park Service and incorporated into the park.
Visitor center
Permanent exhibitions, films, displays and self-guided 12-mile auto-tour, stopping at the Peach Orchard, the Hornet's Nest and General Johnston's death site.
Shiloh National Cemetery
Shiloh National Cemetery is in the northeast corner of the park adjacent to the visitor center and bookstore. Buried within its 20.09 acres (81,300 m) are 3,584 Union dead (of whom 2,357 are unknown), who were re-interred in the cemetery created after the war, in 1866. There are two Confederate dead interred in the cemetery. The cemetery operations were transferred from War Department to the National Park Service in 1933. An unknown number of Confederate dead are interred in mass graves in the park.
Panoramic view: slide bar to the right.Shiloh Indian Mounds Site
The Shiloh battlefield has within its boundaries the well preserved prehistoric Shiloh Indian Mounds Site, which is also a National Historic Landmark. The site was inhabited during the Early Mississippian period from about 1000 to 1450.
See also
References
- "Listing of acreage – December 31, 2020" (XLSX). Land Resource Division, National Park Service. Retrieved August 15, 2021. (National Park Service Acreage Reports)
- "Park Anniversaries". Retrieved August 13, 2021.
- Known Southern History
- "Siege and Battle of Corinth Sites". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved October 24, 2007.
- Paul Hawke; Cecil McKithan; Tom Hensley; Jack Elliott & Edwin C. Bearss (January 8, 1991). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: Siege and Battle of Corinth Sites" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved June 22, 2009.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) and, Accompanying 15 photos, from 1990 (1.70 MB) - National Park Travelers Club 2013 Convention Preview. NPTC. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2012.
- American Battlefield Trust "Saved Land" webpage. Accessed June 9, 2024.
- U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Shiloh National Cemetery at 35°09′02″N 88°19′12″W / 35.15056°N 88.32000°W / 35.15056; -88.32000
- Paul D. Welch (2005). Archaeology at Shiloh Indian Mounds, 1899–1999. University of Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0-8173-1481-1.
- The National Parks: Index 2001–2003. Washington: U.S. Department of the Interior.
External links
- Official website
- Civil War Trails
- NPS Shiloh Auto Tour Map linked to photo galleries
- Guide to records (appropriations and expenditures) for Shiloh National Cemetery, 1913–1933
- Guide to records (general administrative files) of Shiloh National Military Park
- Guide to records (register of visitors) to Shiloh National Cemetery, 1891–1932
- U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Shiloh National Battlefield
- Shiloh National Cemetery at Find a Grave
- Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) No. TN-37, "Shiloh National Military Park Tour Roads, Shiloh, Hardin County, TN", 44 photos, 4 color transparencies, 4 measured drawings, 129 data pages, 5 photo caption pages
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- IUCN Category III
- Protected areas established in 1894
- Protected areas of Alcorn County, Mississippi
- Battlefields of the Western Theater of the American Civil War
- Archaeological sites in Tennessee
- Protected areas of Hardin County, Tennessee
- Historic American Engineering Record in Tennessee
- National battlefields and military parks of the United States
- National Historic Landmarks in Tennessee
- Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in Tennessee
- National Historic Landmarks in Mississippi
- Museums in Hardin County, Tennessee
- American Civil War museums in Tennessee
- Archaeological museums in Tennessee
- National Park Service areas in Mississippi
- Parks in Mississippi
- National Park Service areas in Tennessee
- 1894 establishments in Tennessee
- Conflict sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Tennessee
- National Register of Historic Places in Hardin County, Tennessee
- American Civil War on the National Register of Historic Places
- Parks on the National Register of Historic Places in Tennessee
- 2000 establishments in Mississippi
- Battle of Shiloh