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{{short description|American politician (1824-1908)}}
{{other people||William Whyte (disambiguation){{!}}William Whyte}} {{other people||William Whyte (disambiguation){{!}}William Whyte}}
{{Infobox Politician {{Infobox officeholder
|name = William Pinkney Whyte |name = William Whyte
|image = William Pinkney Whyte 1865-1880 Maryland politician.jpg |image = William Pinkney Whyte 1865-1880 Maryland politician.jpg
⚫ |office = 35th ]
|caption =
⚫ |birth_date = August 9, 1824
⚫ |birth_place = ]
|residence =
⚫ |death_date = {{death date and age|1908|3|17|1824|8|9}}
⚫ |death_place = ]
|order = 35th
⚫ |office = Governor of Maryland
|term = January 10, 1872 – March 4, 1874 |term = January 10, 1872 – March 4, 1874
|predecessor = ] |predecessor = ]
Line 18: Line 12:
|term_start2 = June 8, 1906 |term_start2 = June 8, 1906
|term_end2 = March 17, 1908 |term_end2 = March 17, 1908
|predecessor2 = ] |predecessor2 = ]
|successor2 = ] |successor2 = ]
|term_start3 = March 4, 1875 |term_start3 = March 4, 1875
|term_end3 = March 3, 1881 |term_end3 = March 3, 1881
|predecessor3 = ] |predecessor3 = William Hamilton
|successor3 = ] |successor3 = Arthur Gorman
|term_start4 = July 13, 1868 |term_start4 = July 13, 1868
|term_end4 = March 3, 1869 |term_end4 = March 3, 1869
|appointer4 = ]
|predecessor4 = ] |predecessor4 = ]
|successor4 = ] |successor4 = ]
|office5 = ] |office5 = ]
|term_start5 = 1887 |term_start5 = 1887
|term_end5 = 1891 |term_end5 = 1891
|governor5 = ]<br>]
|preceded5 = ] |preceded5 = ]
|succeeded5 = ] |succeeded5 = ]
|order6 = ] |office6 = 28th ]
|term_start6 = 1881 |term_start6 = 1881
|term_end6 = 1883 |term_end6 = 1883
|predecessor6 = ] |predecessor6 = ]
|successor6 = ] |successor6 = Ferdinand Claiborne Latrobe
|office7 = Member of the ] |office7 = Member of the ]
|term7 = 1847-1849 |term7 = 1847-1849
|party = ] |party = ]
⚫ |spouse = Louisa Dorsey Hollingsworth<br>Mary McDonald Thomas
|religion =]
⚫ |children = 4
⚫ |spouse = Louisa Dorsey Hollingsworth<br>Mary McDonald Thomas
⚫ |birth_date = August 9, 1824
⚫ |children = four children
⚫ |birth_place = ], Maryland, U.S.
|website =
⚫ |death_date = {{death date and age|1908|3|17|1824|8|9}}
|footnotes =
⚫ |death_place = ], Maryland, U.S.
}} }}
'''William Pinkney Whyte''' (August 9, 1824{{spaced ndash}}March 17, 1908), a member of the ], was a politician who served the ] as a ], the State ], a ], the ] ], the ], and the State ]. '''William Pinkney Whyte''' (August 9, 1824{{spaced ndash}}March 17, 1908), a member of the ], was a politician who served the ] as a ], the State ], a ], the ], the ], and the State ].


==Early life and education== ==Early life and education==
Whyte was born in ], the son of Joseph and Isabella White (he later changed his surname to Whyte following a family disagreement). His grandfather, ], had been a famous ] politician, administrator, and diplomat. Whyte was born in ], the son of Joseph and Isabella White (he later changed his surname to Whyte following a family disagreement). His paternal grandfather was the physician and exiled United Irishman, ].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Baltimore City History of Mayors - WILLIAM PINKNEY WHYTE|url=https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/001400/001466/html/w-whyte.html|access-date=2021-04-29|website=msa.maryland.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Founders Online: John Campbell White to Thomas Jefferson, 13 August 1816|url=http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/03-10-02-0200|access-date=2021-04-28|website=founders.archives.gov|language=en}}</ref> His maternal grandfather, ], had been a famous ] politician, administrator, and diplomat.


Whyte's early education involved instruction by a private tutor, who had been personal secretary to ]. From 1842-1844, Whyte was unable to attend college as a result of his family's poor financial situation, and began work at the banking firm of Peabody, Riggs and Co. in Baltimore. He began to study law in Baltimore at the law office of Brown and Brune for one year before being admitted to the law school of ] in 1844. Whyte returned to Baltimore in 1845 for further study, and was admitted to the ] soon after in 1846. Whyte's early education involved instruction by a private tutor, who had been personal secretary to ].{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} From 1842 to 1844, Whyte was unable to attend college as a result of his family's poor financial situation, and began work at the banking firm of Peabody, Riggs and Co. in Baltimore. He began to study law in Baltimore at the law office of Brown and Brune for one year before being admitted to the law school of ] in 1844. Whyte returned to Baltimore in 1845 for further study, and was admitted to the ] soon after in 1846.


==Political career== ==Political career==
From 1847 to 1849, Whyte served one term as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates. In 1850, Whyte was unsuccessful in a bid for election to the 32nd Congress. From 1853-1855, he served one term as ] of the State Treasury of Maryland, for which he was credited for introducing a more simplified financial system to the State. From 1847 to 1849, Whyte served one term as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates. In 1850, Whyte was unsuccessful in a bid for election to the 32nd Congress. From 1853 to 1855, he served one term as ] of the State Treasury of Maryland, for which he was credited for introducing a more simplified financial system to the State.


] ]


In 1857, Whyte was again nominated to serve in Congress. He was defeated, but brought forth evidence before the ] of fraud and corruption regarding the election. The House did not concur on whether or not he should have been appointed, however. In 1857, Whyte was again nominated to serve in Congress. He was defeated, but brought forth evidence before the ] of fraud and corruption regarding the election. The House did not concur on whether or not he should have been appointed, however.


After nearly a decade out of the political arena, Whyte was asked by then-governor ] to fill the remainder of resigning senator ]'s term from July 13, 1868 to March 3, 1869. During his short tenure as senator, Whyte steadfastly supported the embattled ] ], and also supported easing the tension on the ] during ]. He chose not to be a candidate for re-election in 1868, however. After nearly a decade out of the political arena, Whyte was asked by then-governor ] to fill the remainder of resigning senator ]'s term from July 13, 1868, to March 3, 1869. During his short tenure as senator, Whyte steadfastly supported the embattled ] ], and also supported easing the tension on the ] during ]. He chose not to be a candidate for re-election in 1868, however.


In 1872, Whyte was elected Governor of Maryland, defeating Republican challenger ]. In the election of 1874, Whyte was elected by the legislature as a Democrat to the United States Senate and accordingly resigned from the position of governor. In 1874, in between his terms as governor and senator, he served as counsel for Maryland before the arbitration board in the boundary dispute between ] and Maryland. During this tenure as senator, Whyte opposed paying the nation's debt with silver and gold instead of solely gold, and served as the chairman of the ] (46th Congress). In the election of 1880, Whyte chose not to run for re-election, due to family illness and strife between him and his counterpart senator, ]. In 1872, Whyte was elected Governor of Maryland, defeating Republican challenger ]. In the election of 1874, Whyte was elected by the legislature as a Democrat to the United States Senate and accordingly resigned from the position of governor. In 1874, in between his terms as governor and senator, he served as counsel for Maryland before the arbitration board in the boundary dispute between ] and Maryland. During this tenure as senator, Whyte opposed paying the nation's debt with silver and gold instead of solely gold, and served as the chairman of the ] (46th Congress). In the election of 1880, Whyte chose not to run for re-election, due to family illness.


Whyte was elected unopposed to be mayor of Baltimore in 1881. At the conclusion of his term in 1883, Whyte chose to go back to practicing law. From 1887-1891, Whyte was Attorney General of Maryland, and from 1900–1903, the Baltimore City Solicitor. In 1906, Whyte was appointed by Maryland Governor ] to fill the Senate seat vacancy caused by the death of Arthur P. Gorman. At 25 years, 3 months, 5 days since his last day in the chamber, Whyte's return set the all-time mark for the longest gap in service to the U.S. Senate.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://editions.lib.umn.edu/smartpolitics/2013/12/04/bob-smith-and-the-12-year-itch/ |title= Bob Smith and the 12-Year Itch |work=Smart Politics |first=Eric |last=Ostermeier |date= December 4, 2013}}</ref> Whyte was elected unopposed to be mayor of Baltimore in 1881. At the conclusion of his term in 1883, Whyte chose to go back to practicing law. From 1887 to 1891, Whyte was Attorney General of Maryland, and from 1900 to 1903, the Baltimore City Solicitor. In 1906, Whyte was appointed by Maryland Governor ] to fill the Senate seat vacancy caused by the death of Arthur P. Gorman. At 25 years, 3 months, 5 days since his last day in the chamber, Whyte's return set the all-time mark for the longest gap in service to the U.S. Senate.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://editions.lib.umn.edu/smartpolitics/2013/12/04/bob-smith-and-the-12-year-itch/ |title= Bob Smith and the 12-Year Itch |work=Smart Politics |first=Eric |last=Ostermeier |date= December 4, 2013}}</ref>


Whyte served as senator until his unexpected death in Baltimore, and is buried in ]. Whyte served as senator until his unexpected death in Baltimore, and is buried in ].
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==Sources== ==Sources==
{{CongBio|W000435}} {{CongBio|W000435}}
*Frank F. White, Jr., The Governors of Maryland 1777-1970 (Annapolis: The Hall of Records Commission, 1970), 179-183. *Frank F. White, Jr., The Governors of Maryland 1777-1970 (Annapolis: The Hall of Records Commission, 1970), 179–183.
* *


==Further reading== ==Further reading==
{{commons category}}

*Tracy Matthew Melton, ''Hanging Henry Gambrill: The Violent Career of Baltimore's Plug Uglies, 1854-1860'' (2005). Includes information on Whyte's early legal and political careers. *Tracy Matthew Melton, ''Hanging Henry Gambrill: The Violent Career of Baltimore's Plug Uglies, 1854-1860'' (2005). Includes information on Whyte's early legal and political careers.


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{{BaltimoreMayors}} {{BaltimoreMayors}}

{{Authority control}} {{Authority control}}


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Latest revision as of 22:22, 16 December 2024

American politician (1824-1908) For other people with the same name, see William Whyte.
William Whyte
35th Governor of Maryland
In office
January 10, 1872 – March 4, 1874
Preceded byOden Bowie
Succeeded byJames B. Groome
United States Senator
from Maryland
In office
June 8, 1906 – March 17, 1908
Preceded byArthur Gorman
Succeeded byJohn Smith
In office
March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1881
Preceded byWilliam Hamilton
Succeeded byArthur Gorman
In office
July 13, 1868 – March 3, 1869
Appointed byThomas Swann
Preceded byReverdy Johnson
Succeeded byWilliam Hamilton
Attorney General of Maryland
In office
1887–1891
GovernorHenry Lloyd
Elihu Emory Jackson
Preceded byCharles Boyle Roberts
Succeeded byJohn Prentiss Poe
28th Mayor of Baltimore
In office
1881–1883
Preceded byFerdinand Claiborne Latrobe
Succeeded byFerdinand Claiborne Latrobe
Member of the Maryland House of Delegates
In office
1847-1849
Personal details
BornAugust 9, 1824
Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
DiedMarch 17, 1908(1908-03-17) (aged 83)
Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
Spouse(s)Louisa Dorsey Hollingsworth
Mary McDonald Thomas
Children4

William Pinkney Whyte (August 9, 1824 – March 17, 1908), a member of the United States Democratic Party, was a politician who served the State of Maryland as a State Delegate, the State Comptroller, a United States Senator, the 35th Governor, the Mayor of Baltimore, Maryland, and the State Attorney General.

Early life and education

Whyte was born in Baltimore, Maryland, the son of Joseph and Isabella White (he later changed his surname to Whyte following a family disagreement). His paternal grandfather was the physician and exiled United Irishman, John Campbell White. His maternal grandfather, William Pinkney, had been a famous United States politician, administrator, and diplomat.

Whyte's early education involved instruction by a private tutor, who had been personal secretary to Napoleon Bonaparte. From 1842 to 1844, Whyte was unable to attend college as a result of his family's poor financial situation, and began work at the banking firm of Peabody, Riggs and Co. in Baltimore. He began to study law in Baltimore at the law office of Brown and Brune for one year before being admitted to the law school of Harvard University in 1844. Whyte returned to Baltimore in 1845 for further study, and was admitted to the Bar soon after in 1846.

Political career

From 1847 to 1849, Whyte served one term as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates. In 1850, Whyte was unsuccessful in a bid for election to the 32nd Congress. From 1853 to 1855, he served one term as Comptroller of the State Treasury of Maryland, for which he was credited for introducing a more simplified financial system to the State.

A later portrait of Whyte

In 1857, Whyte was again nominated to serve in Congress. He was defeated, but brought forth evidence before the House of Representatives of fraud and corruption regarding the election. The House did not concur on whether or not he should have been appointed, however.

After nearly a decade out of the political arena, Whyte was asked by then-governor Thomas Swann to fill the remainder of resigning senator Reverdy Johnson's term from July 13, 1868, to March 3, 1869. During his short tenure as senator, Whyte steadfastly supported the embattled President Andrew Johnson, and also supported easing the tension on the Southern states during Reconstruction. He chose not to be a candidate for re-election in 1868, however.

In 1872, Whyte was elected Governor of Maryland, defeating Republican challenger Jacob Tome. In the election of 1874, Whyte was elected by the legislature as a Democrat to the United States Senate and accordingly resigned from the position of governor. In 1874, in between his terms as governor and senator, he served as counsel for Maryland before the arbitration board in the boundary dispute between Virginia and Maryland. During this tenure as senator, Whyte opposed paying the nation's debt with silver and gold instead of solely gold, and served as the chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on Printing (46th Congress). In the election of 1880, Whyte chose not to run for re-election, due to family illness.

Whyte was elected unopposed to be mayor of Baltimore in 1881. At the conclusion of his term in 1883, Whyte chose to go back to practicing law. From 1887 to 1891, Whyte was Attorney General of Maryland, and from 1900 to 1903, the Baltimore City Solicitor. In 1906, Whyte was appointed by Maryland Governor Edwin Warfield to fill the Senate seat vacancy caused by the death of Arthur P. Gorman. At 25 years, 3 months, 5 days since his last day in the chamber, Whyte's return set the all-time mark for the longest gap in service to the U.S. Senate.

Whyte served as senator until his unexpected death in Baltimore, and is buried in Greenmount Cemetery.

See also

References

  1. "Baltimore City History of Mayors - WILLIAM PINKNEY WHYTE". msa.maryland.gov. Retrieved 2021-04-29.
  2. "Founders Online: John Campbell White to Thomas Jefferson, 13 August 1816". founders.archives.gov. Retrieved 2021-04-28.
  3. Ostermeier, Eric (December 4, 2013). "Bob Smith and the 12-Year Itch". Smart Politics.

Sources

Further reading

  • Tracy Matthew Melton, Hanging Henry Gambrill: The Violent Career of Baltimore's Plug Uglies, 1854-1860 (2005). Includes information on Whyte's early legal and political careers.
Party political offices
Preceded byOden Bowie Democratic nominee for Governor of Maryland
1871 		Succeeded byJohn Lee Carroll
Political offices
Preceded byHenry E. Bateman Comptroller of Maryland
1854–1856 		Succeeded byWilliam Henry Purnell
Preceded byOden Bowie Governor of Maryland
1872–1874 		Succeeded byJames B. Groome
Preceded byFerdinand Claiborne Latrobe Mayor of Baltimore
1881–1883 		Succeeded byFerdinand Claiborne Latrobe
U.S. Senate
Preceded byReverdy Johnson U.S. senator (Class 1) from Maryland
1868–1869
Served alongside: George Vickers 		Succeeded byWilliam T. Hamilton
Preceded byWilliam Hamilton U.S. senator (Class 1) from Maryland
1875–1881
Served alongside: George R. Dennis, James Groome 		Succeeded byArthur Gorman
Preceded byArthur P. Gorman U.S. senator (Class 3) from Maryland
1906–1908
Served alongside: Isidor Rayner 		Succeeded byJohn W. Smith
Legal offices
Preceded byCharles Boyle Roberts Attorney General of Maryland
1887–1891 		Succeeded byJohn Prentiss Poe
Governors of Maryland
Provincial (1632–1776)
State (since 1776)
  • Italics indicate acting officeholders
United States senators from Maryland
Class 1 United States Senate
Class 3
Mayors of Baltimore
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