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	{{About|the U.S. state of Maryland}}		{{Short description|U.S. state}}
			{{About|the U.S. state}}
	{{pp-move-indef}}
	{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2017}}		{{Use American English|date=August 2023}}
			{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2023}}
	{{Infobox U.S. state		{{Infobox U.S. state
	|Name = Maryland		| name = Maryland
	|Fullname = State of Maryland		| image_flag = Flag of Maryland.svg
	|Flag = Flag of Maryland.svg		| flag_link = Flag of Maryland
	|Flaglink = ]		| image_seal = Seal of Maryland (reverse).svg
			| image_map = Maryland in United States (zoom).svg
	|Seal = Seal of Maryland (reverse).svg
			| nicknames = "]", "Free State", "Little America",<ref>{{cite news |url=https://indexarticles.com/business/daily-record-the-baltimore/marylands-quality-of-life-ranks-high-compared-to-other-states/ |title=Maryland's quality of life ranks high compared to other states |date=July 1, 2021 |newspaper=] |access-date=September 30, 2023 |archive-date=October 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022213144/https://indexarticles.com/business/daily-record-the-baltimore/marylands-quality-of-life-ranks-high-compared-to-other-states/ |url-status=live }}</ref> "America in Miniature"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitmaryland.org/Students/Pages/MarylandFacts.aspx|title=Maryland Facts|publisher=Maryland Office of Tourism|access-date=June 2, 2009|archive-date=June 13, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613040009/http://visitmaryland.org/Students/Pages/MarylandFacts.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>
	|Map = Maryland in United States (zoom).svg
			| population_demonym = Marylander
	|Nickname = "]", "Free State", "Little America",<ref>{{cite news|title=Maryland's quality of life ranks high compared to other states |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4183/is_20041211/ai_n10064724/ |work=FindArticles.com |publisher=The Daily Record (Baltimore) |date=December 11, 2004 |accessdate=June 4, 2009 }}{{dead link |date=May 2017 |fix-attempted=yes}}{{cbignore}}</ref> "America in Miniature"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitmaryland.org/Students/Pages/MarylandFacts.aspx|title=Maryland Facts|publisher=Maryland Office of Tourism|accessdate=June 2, 2009}}</ref>
			| motto = {{ubl|{{lang|it|]}}<br />(English: "Strong Deeds, Gentle Words")<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2017RS/bills/sb/sb0088T.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929054058/http://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2017RS/bills/sb/sb0088T.pdf|archive-date=September 29, 2017|title=Senate Bill 88}}</ref>
	|Demonym = Marylander
	|Motto = {{lang|it|]}}<br />(English: Strong Deeds, Gentle Words)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2017RS/bills/sb/sb0088T.pdf|title=Wayback Machine|website=web-beta.archive.org|deadurl=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929054058/http://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2017RS/bills/sb/sb0088T.pdf|archivedate=September 29, 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref>		|The Latin text encircling the seal: <br />{{lang|la|Scuto bonæ voluntatis tuæ coronasti nos}} ("With Favor Wilt Thou Compass Us as with a Shield") Psalm 5:12<ref>{{cite web |url=http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/html/symbols/reverse.html |title=Great Seal of Maryland (reverse) |publisher=Maryland State Archives |access-date=March 4, 2014 |archive-date=January 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130104185053/http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/html/symbols/reverse.html |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
			| Former = Province of Maryland
	The Latin text encircling the seal: <br />{{lang|la|Scuto bonæ voluntatis tuæ coronasti nos}} (With favor Wilt Thou Compass Us as with a Shield) Psalm 5:12<ref>{{cite web |url=http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/html/symbols/reverse.html |title=Great Seal of Maryland (reverse) |publisher=Maryland State Archives |accessdate=March 4, 2014}}</ref>
	|StateAnthem = ]		| seat = ]
			| LargestCity = ]
	|Former = Province of Maryland
	|Capital = ]		| LargestCounty = ]
			| LargestMetro = {{ubl|] (combined)|] (metro and urban)}}
	|LargestCity = ]
			| Governor = {{nowrap|] (])}}
	|LargestMetro = ]
			| Lieutenant Governor = {{nowrap|] (D)}}
	|Governor = ] (])
			| Legislature = ]
	|Lieutenant Governor = ] (])
	|Legislature = ]		| Upperhouse = ]
	|Upperhouse = ]		| Lowerhouse = ]
			| Judiciary = ]
	|Lowerhouse = ]
	|Senators = ] (]) <br /> ] (])		| Senators = {{ubl|{{nowrap|] (D)}}|{{nowrap|] (D)}}}}
	|Representative = 7 Democrats <br> 1 Republican		| Representative = {{ubl|7 Democrats|1 ]}}
	|PostalAbbreviation = MD		| postal_code = MD
	|TradAbbreviation = Md.		| TradAbbreviation = Md.
	|OfficialLang = None (English, ''de facto'')		| OfficialLang = None (English, ''de facto'')
	|AreaRank = 42nd		| area_rank = 42nd
	|TotalAreaUS = 12,407		| area_total_sq_mi = 12,407
	|TotalArea = 32,133		| area_total_km2 = 32,133
	|LandAreaUS = 9,776		| area_land_sq_mi = 9,776
	|LandArea = 25,314		| area_land_km2 = 25,314
	|WaterAreaUS = 2,633		| area_water_sq_mi = 2,633
	|WaterArea = 6,819		| area_water_km2 = 6,819
			| area_water_percent = 21
	|PCWater = 21
			| population_as_of = ]<ref name="QuickFacts 2020 Census">{{cite web |title=QuickFacts: Maryland |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/MD/POP010220 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=April 3, 2022}}</ref>
	|PopRank = 19th
			| population_rank = 18th
	|2010Pop = 6,052,177 (2017 est.)<ref name=PopHousingEst>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates |date=June 22, 2017 |accessdate=June 22, 2017|publisher=]}}</ref>
			| 2010Pop = 6,177,224
	|DensityRank = 5th
			| population_density_rank = 5th
	|2000DensityUS = 619
			| 2000DensityUS = 632
	|2000Density = 238
			| 2000Density =
	|MedianHouseholdIncome = $73,594<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/median-annual-income/?currentTimeframe=0|work=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|title=Median Annual Household Income|accessdate=December 9, 2016}}</ref>
			| MedianHouseholdIncome = $87,063
	|IncomeRank = 1st
			| IncomeRank = ]
	|AdmittanceOrder = 7th
			| AdmittanceOrder = 7th
	|AdmittanceDate = April 28, 1788
			| AdmittanceDate = April 28, 1788
	|TimeZone = ]: ] ]/]
			| timezone1 = ]
	|Latitude = 37° 53′ N to 39° 43′ N
			| utc_offset1 = −05:00
	|Longitude = 75° 03′ W to 79° 29′ W
			| timezone1_DST = ]
	|WidthUS = 196
			| utc_offset1_DST = −04:00
	|Width = {{convert|196|mi|km|disp=number}}
			| Latitude = 37° 53′ N to 39° 43′ N
	|LengthUS = 119
			| Longitude = 75° 03′ W to 79° 29′ W
	|Length = {{convert|119|mi|km|disp=number}}
			| length_mi = 250
	|HighestPoint = ]<ref name=USGS>{{cite web|url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html |title=Elevations and Distances in the United States |publisher=] |year=2001 |accessdate=October 21, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015012701/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html |archivedate=October 15, 2011 |df=mdy }}</ref><ref name=NAVD88>Elevation adjusted to ].</ref>
			| width_mi = 100
	|HighestElevUS = 3,360
			| elevation_ft = 350
	|HighestElev = 1024
			| elevation_max_point = ]<ref name=USGS>{{cite web|url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html |title=Elevations and Distances in the United States |publisher=] |year=2001 |access-date=October 21, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015012701/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html |archive-date=October 15, 2011 }}</ref>{{efn|name=NAVD88|Elevation adjusted to ].}}
	|MeanElevUS = 350
			| elevation_max_ft = 3,360
	|MeanElev = 110
			| elevation_max_m = 1024
	|LowestPoint = ]<ref name=USGS/>
			| elevation_min_point = ]<ref name=USGS/>
	|LowestElevUS = 0
			| elevation_min_ft = 0
	|LowestElev = 0
			| elevation_min_m = 0
	|ISOCode = US-MD
			| iso_code = US-MD
	|Website = www.maryland.gov
			| website = maryland.gov
	|ElectoralVotes = 10
			| Capital =
	|State Animal = ]
			| Representatives =
	}}		}}
	{{Infobox U.S. state symbols		{{Infobox region symbols|country=United States
	<!-- Sources: http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/html/symbols/00list.html, http://www.netstate.com/states/symb/md_symb.htm -->		<!--http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/html/symbols/00list.html
			http://www.netstate.com/states/symb/md_symb.htm-->
	|Name = Maryland		|state = Maryland
	|Flag = Flag of Maryland.svg		|image_flag = Flag of Maryland.svg
	|Flagsize = 175px		|image_flag_size = 175px
	|Seal = Seal_of_Maryland_(reverse).svg		|image_seal = Seal_of_Maryland_(reverse).svg
			|image_arms = Coat of arms of Maryland.svg
	|Bird = ]
	|Butterfly = ]		|bird = ]
	|Crustacean = ]		|ship = ]
			|cat= ]
	|Fish = ]
	|Flower = ]		|crustacean = ]
	|Insect = ]		|beverage = ]
	|Sport = ]		|food = ]
			|dinosaur = '']''
	|Mammal = ] <br /> ] <br /> ]
	|Reptile = ]		|dog = ]
	|Tree = ]		|fish = ]
			|flower =]
	|Beverage = ]
	|Dance = ]		|dance = ]
	|Dinosaur = '']''		|fossil = '']''
			|gemstone = ]
	|Food = ] <br /> ]
			|horse = ]
	|Fossil = '']''
	|Gemstone = ]		|insect = ]
	|Mineral = ]		|reptile = ]
			|sport = {{ubl|]|]}}
	|Motto = ''Fatti maschii, parole femine'' <br /> Literally: manly deeds, womanly words <br /> Officially: strong deeds, gentle words{{citation needed|date=May 2016}}
			|tree = ]
	|Poem = "Maryland, My Maryland" by ]
			|song = None. Formerly: "]" by ] (1861), (adopted 1939, repealed 2021)
	|Slogan = Maryland of Opportunity
			|image_route = MD Route 2.svg
	|Song = "]"
	|Route Marker = MD Route 2.svg		|image_quarter = 2000 MD Proof.png
			|quarter_release_date = 2000
	|Quarter = 2000 MD Proof.png
	|QuarterReleaseDate = 2000
	}}		}}
	<!-- ** ATTENTION Do not modify text relating to the classification of Maryland as a Northern, Mid-Atlantic, South-Atlantic, and/or Southern state without providing appropriate references. Discussion regarding this issue has been opened on a subpage accessible through the Talk tab. **DO ''not'' VIOLATE THE AUTHORSHIP OF THE INTENT OF THE STATE'S NAME OR DELETE THE POSSIBLE ORIGINS OF THE STATE'S NAME. Disregard for this warning may result in reversion of your edit(s) with possible warning – ATTENTION -->
			'''Maryland''' ({{IPAc-en|US|audio=en-us-Maryland.ogg|ˈ|m|ɛr|ᵻ|l|ə|n|d}} {{respell|MERR|il|ənd}}){{Efn|In US English, the first syllable is pronounced {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɛr|-}} even by the minority of speakers who contrast the vowels in ''merry'' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɛr|i}} and ''Mary'' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɛər|i}}. The pronunciation {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɛər|ᵻ|l|ə|n|d}} {{respell|MAIR|il|ənd}} is the predominant one in British ].<ref>{{cite LPD|3}}</ref>}} is a ] in the ] region of the ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Mid-Atlantic Home : Mid–Atlantic Information Office |url=https://www.bls.gov/regions/mid-atlantic/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408092405/https://www.bls.gov/regions/mid-atlantic/|archive-date=April 8, 2019|access-date=July 27, 2017|website=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=January 3, 2012|title=United States Regions|url=http://www.nationalgeographic.org/maps/united-states-regions/|access-date=November 19, 2021|website=National Geographic Society|language=en|archive-date=November 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128101711/https://www.nationalgeographic.org/maps/united-states-regions/|url-status=live}}</ref> It borders ] to its south, ] to its west, ] to its north, ] and the ] to its east, and the national capital of ] to the southwest. With a total area of {{Convert|12407|sqmi|km2}}, Maryland is the ],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maryland - 2023 - III.B. Overview of the State |url=https://mchb.tvisdata.hrsa.gov/Narratives/Overview/5f6bf77b-2287-4416-9871-38c1d74644fd |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=mchb.tvisdata.hrsa.gov |archive-date=January 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240103080055/https://mchb.tvisdata.hrsa.gov/Narratives/Overview/5f6bf77b-2287-4416-9871-38c1d74644fd |url-status=live }}</ref> and its population of 6,177,224 ranks it the ] and the ]. Maryland's capital is ], and the most populous city is ].<ref name="BaltBrit">{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Baltimore |title=Baltimore |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |date=June 18, 2023 |access-date=April 25, 2019 |archive-date=July 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719161537/https://www.britannica.com/place/Baltimore |url-status=live }}</ref>
	'''Maryland''' ({{IPAc-en|US|audio=en-us-Maryland.ogg|ˈ|m|ɛr|əl|ə|n|d}} {{respell|MERR|əl|ənd}})<ref>{{cite book|last=Wells|first=John C.|year=2008|title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary|edition=3rd|publisher=Longman|isbn=9781405881180}}</ref> is a ] in the ] region of the ], bordering ], ], and the ] to its south and west; ] to its north; and ] to its east. The state's largest city is ], and its capital is ]. Among its occasional nicknames are '']'', the ''Free State'', and the ''] State''. The state is named after the English queen ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mdarchives.state.md.us/msa/mdmanual/01glance/html/name.html |title=Maryland's Name |accessdate=July 20, 2012 |work=Catholic History of Maryland|publisher=Simon & Schuster}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ghostsofbaltimore.org/2015/05/19/why-is-it-named-maryland/|title=Why Is It Named Maryland? - Ghosts of Baltimore|website=ghostsofbaltimore.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-02-19}}</ref>
	One of the original ], Maryland is considered the birthplace of ] in America.<ref name="Cecilius Calvert 2010">"George Calvert and Cecilius Calvert, Barons Baltimore" William Hand Browne, Nabu Press (August 1, 2010), {{ISBN|117662539X}} {{ISBN|978-1176625396}}</ref> The state was founded by ], a trusted foreign minister and personal friend of ]. When Calvert converted to Catholicism in 1625 it meant his disqualification from holding public office, but his friendship with King James remained.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53967315|title=English and Catholic : the Lords Baltimore in the seventeenth century|last=1940-|first=Krugler, John D.,|date=2004|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=0801879639|location=Baltimore|oclc=53967315}}</ref> Calvert had had an early interest in the administration of colonial affairs and petitioned James for a charter to provide a religious haven for Catholics persecuted in England as well as to extend the territories of the English Empire.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=History of Maryland: Province and State|last=Andrews|first=Matthew Page|publisher=Doubleday, Doran & Company, Inc|year=1929|isbn=|location=Garden City, New York|pages=3–5}}</ref> Consequently, in 1632 James’ son, ], granted Calvert a charter to settle lands in America held by the Crown, to wit: to "transport ... a numerous Colony of the English Nation" to settle there.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/17th_century/ma01.asp|title=The Charter of Maryland : 1632|date=1998-12-18|website=avalon.law.yale.edu|access-date=2018-05-02}}</ref> Unlike the Pilgrims and Puritans, who began enforcing conformity with their beliefs as soon as they settled in America, Calvert envisioned a colony where people of different religious sects would coexist under the principle of ].<ref name=":1" /> Some historians believe that Calvert's aspiration towards such a society may have been inspired by the works of ], most notably the book '']''.<ref name=":1" /> Accordingly, in 1649 the Maryland General Assembly passed an ], which enshrined the principle of toleration by penalizing anyone who "reproached" a fellow Marylander as a "heritick, Scismatick, Idolator, puritan, Independant, Prespiterian popish prest, Jesuite, Jesuited papist, Lutheran, Calvenist, Anabaptist, Brownist, Antinomian, Barrowist, Roundhead Separatist."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/maryland_toleration.asp|title=Avalon Project - Maryland Toleration Act; September 21, 1649|website=avalon.law.yale.edu|access-date=2018-05-03}}</ref>		Maryland's coastline was first explored by Europeans in the 16th century. Prior to that, it was inhabited by several ] tribes, mostly the ].<ref>{{cite web |title=People, Tribes and Bands |url=https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/native/html/01native.html |website=Maryland Manual On-line: A Guide to Maryland and its Government |publisher=Maryland State Archives |access-date=August 25, 2019 |archive-date=July 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717013734/https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/native/html/01native.html |url-status=live }}</ref> As one of the original ], Maryland was founded by ], 1st Baron Baltimore, a ] convert<ref name="Cecilius Calvert 2010">"George Calvert and Cecilius Calvert, Barons Baltimore" William Hand Browne, Nabu Press (August 1, 2010), {{ISBN|117662539X}} {{ISBN|978-1176625396}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=English and Catholic : the Lords Baltimore in the seventeenth century|author=Krugler, John D.|date=2004|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=978-0801879630|location=Baltimore|oclc=53967315}}</ref> who sought to provide a religious haven for Catholics persecuted in England.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=History of Maryland: Province and State|last=Andrews|first=Matthew Page|publisher=Doubleday, Doran & Company, Inc|year=1929|location=Garden City, New York|pages=3–5}}</ref> In 1632, ] granted Lord Baltimore a ], naming the colony after his wife, ].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/17th_century/ma01.asp|title=The Charter of Maryland : 1632|date=December 18, 1998|website=avalon.law.yale.edu|access-date=May 2, 2018|archive-date=March 25, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325164510/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/17th_century/ma01.asp|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1649, the Maryland General Assembly passed an ], which enshrined the principle of ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/maryland_toleration.asp|title=Avalon Project—Maryland Toleration Act; September 21, 1649|website=avalon.law.yale.edu|access-date=May 3, 2018|archive-date=November 25, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125140850/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/maryland_toleration.asp|url-status=live}}</ref> Religious strife was common in Maryland's early years, and Catholics remained a minority, albeit in greater numbers than in any other English colony. Maryland's early settlements and population centers clustered around waterways that empty into the ]. Its economy was heavily ] and centered mostly on the cultivation of ]. Demand for cheap labor from Maryland colonists led to the importation of numerous ] and ]. In 1760, Maryland's current boundaries took form following the ] of a long-running border dispute with Pennsylvania. Many of its citizens played ] in the ]. Although it was a ], Maryland ] during the ], and its proximity to Washington D.C. and Virginia made it ]. After the Civil War ended, Maryland took part in the ], driven by its seaports, railroad networks, and mass immigration from Europe.
			Since the 1940s, the state's population has grown rapidly, to approximately six million residents, and it is among the most densely populated U.S. states. {{as of|2015}}, Maryland had the ] of any state, owing in large part to its proximity to Washington, D.C., and a highly diversified economy spanning manufacturing, retail services, public administration, real estate, higher education, information technology, defense contracting, health care, and biotechnology.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://proximityone.com/stmhi0910.htm|title=State Median Household Income Patterns: 1990–2010|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=August 6, 2012|archive-date=October 26, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026201715/http://proximityone.com/stmhi0910.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Maryland is one of the most multicultural states in the country; it is one of the six states where ], with the fifth-highest percentage of ], and high numbers of residents born in ], ], ], and the ]. The state's central role in U.S. history is reflected by its hosting of some of the ] per capita.
	Sixteen of Maryland's twenty three counties border on the tidal waters of the ] and its many tributaries, which combined total more than 4,000 miles of the shoreline. The population is approximately six million residents. {{as of|2015}}, Maryland had the ] of any state, owing in large part to its close proximity to the nation's capital and a highly diversified economy spanning manufacturing, services, and biotechnology.<ref>{{cite web
	|url=http://proximityone.com/stmhi0910.htm
	|title=State Median Household Income Patterns: 1990–2010
	|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau
	|accessdate=August 6, 2012}}</ref>
			The ] portion of the state contains stretches of the ], the ] is primarily composed of the ], and the ] makes up a significant portion of ]. Sixteen of Maryland's twenty-three counties, and the city of Baltimore, border the tidal waters of the ] and its many tributaries,<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FHCtrYIDq0MC&pg=PA221 |page=221 |title=Turning the Tide: Saving the Chesapeake Bay |author1=Tom Horton |author2=William Chesapeake Bay Foundation |publisher=Island Press |year=2013|isbn=9781610911160 }}</ref><ref name="BaltBrit"/> which combined total more than 4,000 miles of shoreline. Although one of the smallest states in the U.S., it features a variety of climates and topographical features that have earned it the moniker of ''America in Miniature''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.visitmaryland.org/info/maryland-facts |work=Visit Maryland |title=Maryland Facts |access-date=April 25, 2019 |archive-date=April 25, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425083324/https://www.visitmaryland.org/info/maryland-facts |url-status=live }}</ref> In a similar vein, Maryland's geography, culture, and history combine elements of the Mid-Atlantic, ], and ] regions of the country.
	==Geography==
	{{See also|List of islands of Maryland|List of rivers of Maryland}}
			==History==
	Maryland has an area of {{convert|12,406.68|sqmi|km2}} and is comparable in overall area with ] ({{convert|11787|mi2}}).<ref>{{cite web
			{{Main|History of Maryland|Native American tribes in Maryland}}
	|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/be.html
			===17th century===
	|title=Belgium
			====Maryland's first colonial settlement====
	|accessdate=May 15, 2008
			{{Main|Province of Maryland}}
	|date=May 15, 2008
			What is now Maryland was originally inhabited by tribes such as the ] (including the ]), the ] (including the ], the ] and other subdivisions), the ], the ], the ], the ], the ], the ], the ] and the ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maryland Indian Tribes and Languages |url=https://www.native-languages.org/maryland.htm |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=www.native-languages.org}}</ref>{{Self-published inline|date=September 2024}} ] (1579–1632), sought a charter from King ] for the territory between ] to the north and ] to the immediate south.<ref name="Stewart 1967 42–43">{{Cite book|last=Stewart
	|work=CIA World Factbook
			|first= George R.|author-link= George R. Stewart|title= Names on the Land: A Historical Account of Place-Naming in the United States|orig-year= 1945 |edition= Sentry (3rd)|year= 1967 |publisher= ]|pages= 42–43}}</ref>
	|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency
			After Baltimore died in April 1632, the charter was granted to his son, ] (1605–1675), on June 20, 1632. Officially, the new "Maryland Colony" was named in honor of ], wife of Charles I.{{sfn|Marsh|2011|p=5}} Lord Baltimore initially proposed the name "Crescentia", the land of growth or increase, but "the King proposed Terra Mariae , which was concluded on and inserted in the bill."<ref name=":1" />
	|quote=Area – comparative: about the size of Maryland
	|deadurl=yes
			The original capital of Maryland was ], on the north shore of the ], and the county surrounding it, the first erected/created in the province,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/speccol/photos/lowe/html/sm_2.html|title=Maryland In Focus—St. Mary's County|first=Kristin P.|last=Masser|website=Maryland State Archives|access-date=September 6, 2017|archive-date=October 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010135440/http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/speccol/photos/lowe/html/sm_2.html|url-status=live}}</ref> was first called Augusta Carolina, after the King, and later named St. Mary's County.<ref>''History of Maryland'', p. 32</ref>
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710084134/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/be.html
	|archivedate=July 10, 2016
			Lord Baltimore's first settlers arrived in the new colony in March 1634, with his younger brother the Honorable ] (1606–1647), as first provincial ]. They made their first permanent settlement at ] in what is now ]. They purchased the site from the ] of the region, who was eager to establish trade. St. Mary's became the first ] of Maryland, and remained so for 60 years until 1695. More settlers soon followed. Their tobacco crops were successful and quickly made the new colony profitable. However, given the incidence of ], ], and ], life expectancy in Maryland was about 10 years less than in ].<ref name=iha>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ushistory.org/us/5a.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322155310/http://www.ushistory.org/us/5a.asp|url-status=dead|title=Maryland—The Catholic Experiment |archive-date=March 22, 2016|website=www.ushistory.org}}</ref>
	|df=mdy
	}}</ref> It is the 42nd largest and 9th smallest state and is closest in size to the state of ] ({{convert|10930.98|mi2}}), the next smallest state. The next largest state, its neighbor ], is almost twice the size of Maryland ({{convert|24229.76|mi2}}).
			====Persecution of Catholics====
	]
			{{See also|Plundering Time}}
	{{clear}}
			Maryland was founded to provide a haven for England's ] minority.<ref name="washingtonpost.com">{{Cite news |last=Greenwell |first=Megan |author-link=Megan Greenwell |date=August 21, 2008 |title=Religious Freedom Byway Would Recognize Maryland's Historic Role |newspaper=] |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/15/AR2008081504104.html |access-date=May 3, 2014 |archive-date=February 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217132059/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/15/AR2008081504104.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
			Although Maryland was the most heavily Catholic of the English mainland colonies, the religion was still in the minority, consisting of less than 10% of the total population.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Slavery's Capitalism: A New History of American Economic Development|last=Wilder|first=Craig Steven|publisher=University of Pennsylvania|year=2016|isbn=978-0-8122-4841-8|editor-last=Beckert|editor-first=Seth|location=Philadelphia, PA|page=233|chapter=War and Priests: Catholic Colleges and Slavery in the Age of Revolution|editor-last2=Rockman|editor-first2=Seth}}</ref>
			In 1642, a number of ] left ] for Maryland and founded the city of Providence, now called ], on the western shore of the upper ].<ref>Taylor, Owen M., ''History of Annapolis'' (1872) </ref> A dispute with traders from Virginia over ] in the Chesapeake led to armed conflict. In 1644, ], a Puritan, seized Kent Island while his associate, the ] Puritan ], took over St. Mary's.<ref>Brenner, Robert. ''Merchants and Revolution'' London:Verso. 2003, {{ISBN|1-85984-333-6}}</ref> Both used religion as a tool to gain popular support. The two years from 1644 to 1646 when Claiborne and his Puritan associates held sway were known as "The Plundering Time". They captured Jesuit priests, imprisoned them, then sent them back to England.
			In 1646, ] returned with troops, recaptured St. Mary's City, and restored order. The House of Delegates passed the "Act concerning Religion" in 1649 granting religious liberty to all ] Christians.<ref name=iha/>
			In 1650, the Puritans revolted against the proprietary government. "Protestants swept the Catholics out of the legislature{{spaces}}... and religious strife returned."<ref name=iha/> The Puritans set up a new government prohibiting both ] and ]. The Puritan revolutionary government persecuted Maryland Catholics during its reign, known as the "plundering time". Mobs burned down all the original Catholic churches of southern Maryland. The Puritan rule lasted until 1658 when the Calvert family and Lord Baltimore regained proprietary control and re-enacted the Toleration Act.
			After England's ] in 1688, Maryland outlawed Catholicism. In 1704, the Maryland General Assembly prohibited Catholics from operating schools, limited the corporate ownership of property to hamper religious orders from expanding or supporting themselves, and encouraged the conversion of Catholic children.<ref name=":0" /> The celebration of the Catholic sacraments was also officially restricted. This state of affairs lasted until after the ] (1775–1783). Wealthy Catholic planters built chapels on their land to practice their religion in relative secrecy.
			Into the 18th century, individual priests and lay leaders claimed Maryland farms belonging to the Jesuits as personal property and ] them in order to evade the legal restrictions on religious organizations' owning property.<ref name=":0" />
			===Border disputes (1681–1760)===
			{{Main|Penn–Calvert Boundary Dispute|Cresap's War}}
			]
			The royal charter granted Maryland the land north of the ] up to the ]. A problem arose when ] granted a charter for ]. The grant defined Pennsylvania's southern border as identical to Maryland's northern border, the 40th parallel. But the grant indicated that Charles II and ] assumed the 40th parallel would pass close to ] when it falls north of ], the site of which Penn had already selected for his colony's capital city. Negotiations ensued after the problem was discovered in 1681.
			A compromise proposed by Charles II in 1682 was undermined by Penn's receiving the additional grant of what is now Delaware.<ref name=hubbard>{{Cite book|last=Hubbard |first=Bill Jr. |title=American Boundaries: the Nation, the States, the Rectangular Survey |url=https://archive.org/details/americanboundari00jrbi |url-access=limited |year=2009 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-35591-7 |pages=–23}}</ref> Penn successfully argued that the Maryland charter entitled Lord Baltimore only to unsettled lands, and Dutch settlement in Delaware predated his charter. The dispute remained unresolved for nearly a century, carried on by the descendants of William Penn and Lord Baltimore—the ], which controlled Maryland, and the ], which controlled Pennsylvania.<ref name=hubbard/>
			The border dispute with Pennsylvania led to Cresap's War in the 1730s. Hostilities erupted in 1730 and escalated through the first half of the decade, culminating in the deployment of military forces by Maryland in 1736 and by Pennsylvania in 1737. The armed phase of the conflict ended in May 1738 with the intervention of King George II, who compelled the negotiation of a cease-fire. A provisional agreement had been established in 1732.<ref name=hubbard/>
			Negotiations continued until a final agreement was signed in 1760. The agreement defined the border between Maryland and Pennsylvania as the line of latitude now known as the ]. Maryland's border with Delaware was based on a ] and the ] around New Castle.<ref name=hubbard/>
			===18th century===
			{{Main|American Revolutionary War|Maryland in the American Revolution|Lee Resolution|United States Declaration of Independence|Philadelphia campaign|Articles of Confederation#Ratification|Treaty of Paris (1783)|Mount Vernon Conference|Annapolis Convention (1786)|Constitutional Convention (United States)|Admission to the Union|List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union}}
			Most of the English colonists arrived in Maryland as ]s, and had to serve a several years' term as laborers to pay for their passage.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100104180311/http://www.folger.edu/html/folger_institute/jamestown/c_shifflet.htm |date=January 4, 2010 }}. Crandall Shifflett, ''Virginia Tech''.</ref> In the early years, the line between indentured servants and African slaves or laborers was fluid, and white and black laborers commonly lived and worked together, and formed unions. ] children born to white mothers were considered free by the principle of '']'', by which children took the social status of their mothers, a principle of slave law that was adopted throughout the colonies, following Virginia in 1662.
			Many of the free black families migrated to Delaware, where land was cheaper.<ref name="Heinegg"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100807191511/http://www.freeafricanamericans.com/ |date=August 7, 2010 }}. Retrieved February 15, 2008.</ref> As the flow of indentured laborers to the colony decreased with improving economic conditions in England, planters in Maryland imported thousands more slaves and racial caste lines hardened.
			Maryland was one of the ] that revolted against British rule in the ]. Near the end of the ] (1775–1783), on February 2, 1781, Maryland became the last and 13th state to approve the ratification of the ], first proposed in 1776 and adopted by the ] in 1778, which brought into being the United States as a united, ] and ]. It also became the seventh state admitted to the Union after ratifying the new federal Constitution in 1788. In December 1790, prior to the move of the national capital from ] in 1800, Maryland donated land selected by first President ] to the ] for its creation. The land was provided along the north shore of the ] from ] and ] counties, as well as from ] and ] on the south shore of the Potomac in ]; however, the land donated by the Commonwealth of Virginia was later returned to that state by the ] in 1846.
			===19th century===
			], which inspired "]"]]
			Influenced by a changing economy, revolutionary ideals, and preaching by ministers, numerous planters in Maryland freed their slaves in the 20 years after the ]. Across the Upper South the free black population increased from less than 1% before the war to 14% by 1810.<ref name="Kolchin"/> Abolitionists ] and ] were born slaves during this time in ] and ], respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/harriet-tubman|title=Harriet Tubman|website=HISTORY|access-date=January 18, 2019|archive-date=January 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119121457/https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/harriet-tubman|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Douglass |first=Frederick |title=Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave |publisher=Barnes & Noble Classics |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-59308-041-9 |location=New York, NY |pages=17 |language=English}}</ref>
			During the ], the British military attempted to capture Baltimore, which was protected by ]. During its bombardment the song "]" was written by ]; it was later adopted as the national anthem.
			National Road, later renamed ], was authorized in 1817 as the federal highway, and ran from ] to ]. The ] (B&O), the first chartered railroad in the United States, opened its first section of track for regular operation in 1830 between Baltimore and ],<ref name="Dilts">{{cite book |title=The Great Road: The Building of the Baltimore and Ohio, the Nation's First Railroad, 1828–1853 |last=Dilts |first=James D. |year=1993 |publisher=Stanford University Press |location=Palo Alto, CA |isbn=978-0-8047-2235-3 |page=80}}</ref> and in 1852 it became the first rail line to reach the ] from the eastern seaboard.<ref name="Stover">{{cite book |last=Stover |first=John F. |title=History of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad |publisher=Purdue University Press |year=1987 |location=West Lafayette, IN |isbn=978-0-911198-81-2 |page=18}}</ref>
			====Civil War====
			{{Main|Maryland in the American Civil War}}
			] in 1862, one of the bloodiest battles of the ], with nearly 23,000 casualties]]
			The state remained in the Union during the ],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://civilwarmonths.com/2016/04/29/maryland-remains-in-the-union/ |title=Maryland Remains in the Union |access-date=July 7, 2016 |date=April 29, 2016 |publisher=Walter Coffey |author=Walter Coffey |website=The Civil War Months |archive-date=August 17, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817135903/https://civilwarmonths.com/2016/04/29/maryland-remains-in-the-union/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> due in significant part to demographics and Federal intervention. The 1860 census, held shortly before the outbreak of the civil war, showed that 49% of Maryland's African Americans were ].<ref name="Kolchin">Peter Kolchin, ''American Slavery: 1619–1877'', New York: Hill and Wang, 1993, pp. 81–82</ref>
			Governor ] suspended the state legislature, and to help ensure ] of a new pro-union governor and legislature, President ] had a number of its pro-slavery politicians arrested, including the Mayor of Baltimore, ]; suspended several civil liberties, including ''habeas corpus''; and ordered artillery placed on ] overlooking Baltimore.
			In April 1861, Federal units and state regiments were attacked as they marched through Baltimore, sparking the ], the first bloodshed in the Civil War.<ref>{{cite web |last=Vogler |first=Mark E. |title=Civil War Guard on duty in Baltimore to save President Street Station |url=http://www.eagletribune.com/punews/local_story_107204538.html |date=April 18, 2009 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20090419134532/http://www.eagletribune.com/punews/local_story_107204538.html |archive-date=April 19, 2009 |url-status=dead |website=eagletribune.com |publisher=Eagle Tribune |access-date=April 28, 2015 }}</ref> Of the 115,000 Marylanders who joined the military during the Civil War, around 85,000, or 77%, joined the ], while the remainder joined the ].{{citation needed|date=March 2016}} The largest and most significant battle in the state was the ] on September 17, 1862, near ]. Although a tactical draw, the battle was considered a strategic Union victory and a ] of the war.
			====Post-Civil War====
			A new state constitution in 1864 ] slavery and Maryland was first recognized as a "Free State" in that context.<ref name=freestate>{{cite web |url=http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/html/nickname.html |title=Maryland at a Glance: Nicknames |publisher=Maryland State Archives |date=September 29, 2015 |access-date=February 8, 2018 |archive-date=January 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122110422/http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/html/nickname.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Following passage of constitutional amendments that granted voting rights to ], in 1867 the state extended suffrage to non-white males.
			The ] rapidly regained power in the state from ]. Democrats replaced the Constitution of 1864 with the ]. Following the end of Reconstruction in 1877, Democrats devised means of ] blacks, initially by physical intimidation and voter fraud, later by constitutional amendments and laws. Blacks and immigrants, however, resisted Democratic Party disfranchisement efforts in the state. Maryland blacks were part of a biracial Republican coalition elected to state government in 1896–1904 and comprised 20% of the electorate.<ref name="tuck">{{cite web |url=http://www.brandonkendhammer.com/democratization_Spring2013/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Tuck-2007.pdf |first=Stephen |last=Tuck |title=Democratization and the Disfranchisement of African Americans in the US South during the Late 19th Century |date=Spring 2013 |department=Reading for "Challenges of Democratization" |via=Brandon Kendhammer, Ohio University |author-link=Stephen Tuck |access-date=February 11, 2014 |archive-date=February 23, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223124800/http://www.brandonkendhammer.com/democratization_Spring2013/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Tuck-2007.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
			Compared to some other states, blacks were better established both before and after the civil war. Nearly half the black population was free before the war, and some had accumulated property. Half the population lived in cities. Literacy was high among blacks and, as Democrats crafted means to exclude them, suffrage campaigns helped reach blacks and teach them how to resist.<ref name="tuck"/> Whites did impose ] in public facilities and ] laws, which effectively lasted until the passage of federal civil rights legislation in the mid-1960s.
			Baltimore grew significantly during the ], due in large part to its seaport and good railroad connections, attracting European immigrant labor. Many manufacturing businesses were established in the Baltimore area after the Civil War. Baltimore businessmen, including ], ], ], and ], founded notable city institutions that bear their names, including respectively a ], ], ], and ].
			] was Maryland's second-largest city in the 19th century. Nearby supplies of natural resources along with railroads fostered its growth into a major manufacturing center.<ref name="WDL">{{cite web |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11374/ |title=Bird's Eye View of Cumberland, Maryland 1906 |website=] |year=1906 |access-date=July 22, 2013 |archive-date=October 3, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003004014/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11374/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
			===20th century===
			] of 1904]]
			The ] of the late 19th and early 20th centuries brought political reforms. In a series of laws passed between 1892 and 1908, reformers worked for standard state-issued ballots (rather than those distributed and marked by the parties); obtained closed voting booths to prevent party workers from "assisting" voters; initiated ]s to keep party bosses from selecting candidates; and had candidates listed without party symbols, which discouraged the ] from participating. These measures worked against ill-educated whites and blacks. Blacks resisted such efforts, with suffrage groups conducting voter education.
			Blacks defeated three efforts to disenfranchise them, making alliances with immigrants to resist various Democratic campaigns.<ref name="tuck"/> Disenfranchisement bills in 1905, 1907, and 1911 were rebuffed, in large part because of black opposition. Blacks comprised 20% of the electorate and immigrants comprised 15%, and the legislature had difficulty devising requirements against blacks that did not also disadvantage immigrants.<ref name="tuck"/>
			The Progressive Era also brought reforms in working conditions for Maryland's labor force. In 1902, the state regulated conditions in ]; outlawed ]ers under the age of 12; mandated compulsory school attendance; and enacted the nation's first ] law. The workers' compensation law was overturned in the courts, but was redrafted and finally enacted in 1910.
			The ] of 1904 burned for more than 30 hours, destroying 1,526 buildings and spanning 70 city blocks. More than 1,231 ]s worked to bring the blaze under control.
			With the nation's ] in 1917, new military bases such as ], the ], and the ] were established. Existing facilities, including ], were greatly expanded.
			After Georgia congressman ] criticized Maryland openly in 1923 for not passing ] laws, ''Baltimore Sun'' editor Hamilton Owens coined the "Free State" nickname for Maryland in that context, which was popularized by ] in a series of newspaper editorials.<ref name=freestate /><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/ph-ce-eagle-archive-1008-20121003-story.html |newspaper=The Baltimore Sun |date=October 7, 2012 |first=Kevin |last=Dayhoff |title=Eagle Archive: Here's a toast to Maryland's origins as 'The Free State' |access-date=February 8, 2018 |archive-date=February 9, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209063600/http://www.baltimoresun.com/ph-ce-eagle-archive-1008-20121003-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
			Maryland's urban and rural communities had different experiences during the ]. The "]" marched through the state in 1932 on its way to Washington, D.C. Maryland instituted its first ] in 1937 to generate revenue for schools and welfare.<ref>{{cite web
			| url = http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1093&context=mlr
			| title = History and Constitutionality of the Maryland Income Tax Law
			| last1 = Cairns
			| first1 = Huntington
			| date = December 1937
			| website = Maryland Law Review
			| series = Legal History, Theory and Process Commons
			| publisher = UM Carey Law
			| at = pp. 1, 6
			| access-date = August 19, 2015
			| quote = "...{{spaces}}1937 Special Session of the Maryland Legislature imposed an income tax{{spaces}}... expenditure of public funds for the benefit of able-bodied persons whose inability to support themselves arises from the prevalence of widespread unemployment."
			| archive-date = March 4, 2016
			| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112451/http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1093&context=mlr
			| url-status = live
			}}</ref>
			Passenger and freight steamboat service, once important throughout Chesapeake Bay and its many tributary rivers, ended in 1962.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Steamboats of Chesapeake Bay |url=https://www.calvertmarinemuseum.com/DocumentCenter/View/2347/-Bugeye-Times-Winter-2017?bidId= |access-date=March 9, 2020 |archive-date=August 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804222419/http://calvertmarinemuseum.com/DocumentCenter/View/2347/-Bugeye-Times-Winter-2017?bidId= |url-status=dead }}</ref>
			Baltimore was a major war production center during ]. The biggest operations were ]'s Fairfield Yard, which built ]s; and ], an aircraft manufacturer.
			Maryland experienced population growth following World War II. Beginning in the 1960s, as suburban growth took hold around Washington, D.C. and Baltimore, the state began to take on a more mid-Atlantic culture as opposed to the traditionally Southern and Tidewater culture that previously dominated most of the state. Agricultural tracts gave way to residential communities, some of them carefully planned such as ], ], and ]. Concurrently the ] was built throughout the state, most notably ], ], and the ], altering travel patterns. In 1952, the eastern and western halves of Maryland were linked for the first time by the ], which replaced a nearby ] service.<ref name="baybridge.com-history">{{cite web|url=http://www.baybridge.com/cms/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=16&Itemid=|title=William Preston Lane Jr. Memorial Bay Bridge—History|publisher=baybridge.com|access-date=February 5, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080701104741/http://www.baybridge.com/cms/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=16&Itemid=|archive-date=July 1, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>
			Maryland's regions experienced economic changes following WWII. Heavy manufacturing declined in Baltimore. In Maryland's four westernmost counties, industrial, railroad, and coal mining jobs declined. On the lower ], family farms were bought up by major concerns and large-scale poultry farms and vegetable farming became prevalent. In Southern Maryland, tobacco farming nearly vanished due to suburban development and a state tobacco buy-out program in the 1990s.
			In an effort to reverse depopulation due to the loss of working-class industries, Baltimore initiated ] projects in the 1960s with ] and the ]. Some resulted in the break-up of intact residential neighborhoods, producing social volatility, and some older residential areas around the harbor have had units renovated and have become popular with new populations.
			==Geography==
			{{See also|Geography of Maryland|List of islands of Maryland|List of rivers of Maryland}}
			]
			Maryland has an area of {{convert|12,406.68|sqmi|km2}} and is comparable in overall area with ] .<ref>{{cite web
			|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/belgium/
			|title=Belgium
			|access-date=May 15, 2008
			|date=May 15, 2008
			|website=CIA World Factbook
			|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency
			|quote=Area—comparative: about the size of Maryland
			|archive-date=January 9, 2021
			|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109104644/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/belgium/
			|url-status=live
			}}</ref> It is the 42nd-largest and 9th-smallest state and is closest in size to the state of ] , the next smallest state. The next largest state is Maryland's neighbor, ], which is nearly twice the size of Maryland .
	===Description===		===Description===
			] is known for its heavily forested mountains. A panoramic view of ] and the surrounding ] in ].]]
	{{Refimprove section|date=July 2018}}
			] on the ]]]
	Maryland possesses a variety of ] within its borders, contributing to its nickname ''America in Miniature''. It ranges from sandy ] dotted with seagrass in the east, to low marshlands teeming with wildlife and large ] near the Chesapeake Bay, to gently rolling hills of oak forests in the ], and ] groves in the ] to the west.
			] includes the ] and is part of the ]; the river forms ]'s ] as it empties into the ].]]
			]]]
			], the largest ] in the nation and the largest water feature in Maryland]]
			Maryland possesses a variety of ] within its borders, contributing to its nickname ''America in Miniature''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kelly |first=John |date=June 26, 2021 |title=Maryland calls itself America in miniature |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/maryland-tourism-mountains-ocean/2021/06/26/9dc84ed2-d5f1-11eb-ae54-515e2f63d37d_story.html |access-date=September 26, 2023 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> It ranges from sandy ] dotted with seagrass in the east, to low marshlands teeming with wildlife and large ] near the Chesapeake Bay, to gently rolling hills of oak forests in the ], and ] groves in the ] to the west.
			Maryland is bounded on its north by ], on its north and east by ], on its east by the ], and on its south and west, across the ], by ] and ]. The mid-portion of its border with Virginia is interrupted by ], which sits on land that was originally part of ] and ] counties and including ], which was ceded to the United States federal government in 1790 to form the Washington, D.C. ] nearly bisects the state, and the counties east of the bay are known collectively as the ].
	] and the surrounding ] in ].]]
	] on the ].]]
	Maryland is bounded on its north by ], on its west by ], on its east by ] and the ], and on its south, across the ], by West Virginia and ]. The mid-portion of this border is interrupted by ], which sits on land that was originally part of ] and ] counties and including the town of ]. This land was ceded to the United States Federal Government in 1790 to form the ]. (The ] gave land south of the Potomac, including the town of ], however Virginia retroceded its portion in 1846). The ] nearly bisects the state and the counties east of the bay are known collectively as the '']''.
	] includes the famous ] and is part of the ]. Later, the river forms the ] as it empties into the ].]]
	]]]
	], the largest ] in the United States and the largest water feature in Maryland.]]
	Most of the state's waterways are part of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, with the exceptions of a tiny portion of extreme western ] (drained by the ] as part of the watershed of the ]), the eastern half of Worcester County (which drains into Maryland's Atlantic coastal bays), and a small portion of the state's northeast corner (which drains into the ] watershed). So prominent is the Chesapeake in Maryland's geography and economic life that there has been periodic agitation to change the state's official nickname to the "Bay State", a nickname that has been used by ] for decades.		Most of the state's waterways are part of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, with the exceptions of a tiny portion of extreme western ] (drained by the ] as part of the watershed of the ]), the eastern half of Worcester County (which drains into Maryland's Atlantic coastal bays), and a small portion of the state's northeast corner (which drains into the ] watershed). So prominent is the Chesapeake in Maryland's geography and economic life that there has been periodic agitation to change the state's official nickname to the "Bay State", a nickname that has been used by ] for decades.
	The highest point in Maryland, with an elevation of {{convert|3360|ft|m}}, is ], in the southwest corner of ], near the border with West Virginia, and near the headwaters of the North Branch of the Potomac River. Close to the small town of ], in western Maryland, about two-thirds of the way across the state, there are {{convert|1.83|mi|km|2}} between its borders. This geographical curiosity makes Maryland the narrowest state,{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} bordered by the ] to the north, and the northwards-arching ] to the south.		The highest point in Maryland, with an elevation of {{convert|3360|ft|m}}, is ], in the southwest corner of ], near the border with West Virginia, and near the headwaters of the North Branch of the Potomac River. Close to the small town of ], in western Maryland, about two-thirds of the way across the state, less than {{convert|2|mi|km}} separates its borders,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.canaltrust.org/pyvtowns/hancock/|title=Hancock—C&O Canal Trust|publisher=] Trust|access-date=October 22, 2020|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125022533/https://www.canaltrust.org/pyvtowns/hancock/|url-status=live}}</ref> the ] to the north, and the northwards-arching ] to the south.
	Portions of Maryland are included in various official and unofficial geographic regions. For example, the ] is composed of the Eastern Shore counties of Maryland, the entire ], and the two counties that make up the ], whereas the westernmost counties of Maryland are considered part of ]. Much of the Baltimore–Washington corridor lies just south of the Piedmont in the Coastal Plain,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dnr.maryland.gov/waters/cbnerr/Documents/publications/CBNERRMD_SiteProfile_Dec2011.pdf |title=Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve in Maryland Site Profile |publisher=Maryland Department of Natural Resources |page=54 |first=Patricia |last=Delgado |access-date=May 21, 2017 |date=December 2011 |quote=Map showing ... Maryland physiographic provinces }}</ref> though it straddles the border between the two regions.		Portions of Maryland are included in various official and unofficial geographic regions. For example, the ] is composed of the Eastern Shore counties of Maryland, the entire ], and the two counties that make up the ], whereas the westernmost counties of Maryland are considered part of ]. Much of the Baltimore–Washington corridor lies just south of the Piedmont in the Coastal Plain,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dnr.maryland.gov/waters/cbnerr/Documents/publications/CBNERRMD_SiteProfile_Dec2011.pdf |title=Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve in Maryland Site Profile |publisher=Maryland Department of Natural Resources |page=54 |first=Patricia |last=Delgado |access-date=May 21, 2017 |date=December 2011 |quote=Map showing{{spaces}}... Maryland physiographic provinces |archive-date=May 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525202956/http://dnr.maryland.gov/waters/cbnerr/Documents/publications/CBNERRMD_SiteProfile_Dec2011.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> though it straddles the border between the two regions.
	===Geology===		===Geology===
	Earthquakes in Maryland are infrequent and small due to the state's distance from seismic/earthquake zones.<ref>{{cite web|title=M2.0 – Maryland |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/dyfi/events/ld/01015030/us/index.html |accessdate=November 25, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117073422/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/dyfi/events/ld/01015030/us/index.html |archivedate=January 17, 2013 |df=mdy }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=M3.4 – Maryland Potomac-Shenandoah Region |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/dyfi/events/us/2010yua6/us/index.html |accessdate=November 25, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102234322/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/dyfi/events/us/2010yua6/us/index.html |archivedate=November 2, 2012 |df=mdy }}</ref> The ]5.8 ] was felt moderately throughout Maryland. Buildings in the state are not well-designed for earthquakes and can suffer damage easily.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}		Earthquakes in Maryland are infrequent and small due to the state's distance from seismic/earthquake zones.<ref>{{cite web|title=M2.0—Maryland |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/dyfi/events/ld/01015030/us/index.html |access-date=November 25, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117073422/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/dyfi/events/ld/01015030/us/index.html |archive-date=January 17, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=M3.4—Maryland Potomac–Shenandoah Region |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/dyfi/events/us/2010yua6/us/index.html |access-date=November 25, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102234322/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/dyfi/events/us/2010yua6/us/index.html |archive-date=November 2, 2012 }}</ref> The ]5.8 ] was felt moderately throughout Maryland. Buildings in the state are not well-designed for earthquakes and can suffer damage easily.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mgs.md.gov/geology/geohazards/earthquakes_and_maryland.html|title=Earthquakes and Maryland|website=Maryland Geological Survey|access-date=December 25, 2018|first=James P.|last=Reger|archive-date=October 26, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026075134/http://www.mgs.md.gov/esic/brochures/earthquake.html|url-status=live}}</ref> As well as this, notably a M4.8 earthquake from Tewksbury in central New Jersey was felt slightly throughout Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-05 |title=Earthquake hits New Jersey, causing tremors in Maryland but no major damage |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2024/04/05/minor-earthquake-hits-new-jersey-causing-tremors-in-maryland/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Baltimore Sun |language=en-US |archive-date=April 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425192319/https://www.baltimoresun.com/2024/04/05/minor-earthquake-hits-new-jersey-causing-tremors-in-maryland/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
	The lack of any glacial history accounts for the scarcity of Maryland's natural lakes, yet the oft-repeated claim<ref>{{cite web		Maryland has no natural lakes, mostly due to the lack of glacial history in the area.<ref>{{cite web
	|url=http://www.mgs.md.gov/esic/fs/fs15.html		|url=http://www.mgs.md.gov/esic/fs/fs15.html
	|title=Maryland's Lakes and Reservoirs: FAQ		|title=Maryland's Lakes and Reservoirs: FAQ
	|publisher=Maryland Geological Survey		|publisher=Maryland Geological Survey
	|date=January 24, 2007		|date=January 24, 2007
	|accessdate=February 3, 2008		|access-date=February 3, 2008
			|archive-date=May 29, 2010
	}}</ref> that Maryland is the only state without natural lakes is not true. Laurel Oxbow Lake is an over one-hundred-year-old 55-acre natural lake two miles north of ]<ref>{{cite web
			|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529054449/http://www.mgs.md.gov/esic/fs/fs15.html
	|url= http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/maryland_dc/placesweprotect/preserve-visitors-guide-oxbow-nature-preserve.pdf
			|url-status=dead
	|title=Oxbow Nature Preserve; "Laurel Oxbow Lake is the largest naturally occurring body of freshwater in Maryland; other lakes (of significant size) are the result of damming creeks" by man.
			}}</ref> All lakes in the state today were constructed, mostly via dams.<ref>Maryland.gov, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110190023/https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/html/lakes.html |date=January 10, 2019 }}. Accessed December 3, 2018.</ref> ] is believed by geologists to have been a remnant of a former natural lake.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rosenwald|first1=Michael S.|title=Fact: Maryland has no natural lakes|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/rosenwald-md/post/fact-maryland-has-no-natural-lakes/2012/07/30/gJQAbtgdKX_blog.html|access-date=June 10, 2015|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=July 30, 2012|archive-date=December 5, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205003627/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/rosenwald-md/post/fact-maryland-has-no-natural-lakes/2012/07/30/gJQAbtgdKX_blog.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
	|year=2016
	|publisher=]
	|accessdate=October 1, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
	|url= http://www.aacounty.org/locations-and-directions/oxbow-natural-area
	|title=Oxbow Natural Area
	|year=2016
	|publisher=] Recreation and Parks Department
	|accessdate=October 1, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
	|url = http://www.russett.org/page/10954~190439/Oxbow-Observation-Platform-Project
	|title = Oxbow Observation Platform, may be the largest naturally occurring fresh water lake in Maryland
	|year = 2009
	|publisher = Russett Community Association
	|accessdate = October 1, 2016
	}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and adjacent to ].
	"Chews Lake" is a seven-acre natural lake two miles south-southeast of ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nationalmap.gov |title=The National Map (search on Chews Lake) |year=2016 |publisher=]
	|accessdate=October 1, 2016}}</ref> There are numerous man-made lakes, the largest of them being the ], a reservoir in ] in westernmost Maryland.
	Maryland has shale formations containing natural gas, where fracking is theoretically possible.<ref name="natgas">{{Cite news |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/bs-md-fracking-ban-passes-20170327-story.html |title=Maryland General Assembly approves fracking ban |last=Pamela Wood |date=March 27, 2017 |work=The Baltimore Sun}}</ref>		Maryland has shale formations containing natural gas, where fracking is theoretically possible.<ref name="natgas">{{Cite news |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/bs-md-fracking-ban-passes-20170327-story.html |title=Maryland General Assembly approves fracking ban |last=Pamela Wood |date=March 27, 2017 |work=The Baltimore Sun |access-date=April 1, 2017 |archive-date=April 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401232604/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/bs-md-fracking-ban-passes-20170327-story.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
	===Flora===		===Flora===
	]s, the state flower, grow throughout much of the state.<ref name=maag-flower>{{cite web |title=MARYLAND AT A GLANCE: STATE SYMBOLS, Maryland State Flower – Black-Eyed Susan |publisher=Maryland State Archives |work=Maryland Manual Online |url=http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/html/symbols/flower.html |accessdate=May 20, 2014 }}</ref>]]		], the state flower, grow throughout much of the state.<ref name="maag-flower">{{cite web |title=Maryland at a Glance: State Symbols, Maryland State Flower—Black-Eyed Susan |publisher=Maryland State Archives |website=Maryland Manual Online |url=http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/html/symbols/flower.html |access-date=May 20, 2014 |archive-date=August 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821150545/http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/html/symbols/flower.html |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
	As is typical of states on the ], Maryland's plant life is abundant and healthy. A good dose of annual precipitation helps to support many types of plants, including ] and various ] at the smaller end of the spectrum to the gigantic ], a huge example of ], the state tree, which can grow in excess of {{convert|70|ft|m}} tall.		As is typical of states on the ], Maryland's plant life is abundant and healthy. An adequate volume of annual precipitation helps to support many types of plants, including ] and various ] at the smaller end of the spectrum to the gigantic ], a huge example of ], the state tree, which can grow over {{convert|70|ft|m}} tall.
	], typical of the southeastern ], grow around Chesapeake Bay and on the ]. Moving west, a mixture of ] and ] cover the central part of the state. The ] of western Maryland are home to ]. These give way to ] near the West Virginia border.<ref name="ecoregions">{{cite journal|author=Olson, D. M, E. Dinerstein |title=Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth |journal=] |year=2001 |volume=51 |issue=11 |pages=933–938 |url=http://gis.wwfus.org/wildfinder/ |doi=10.1641/0006-3568(2001)0512.0.CO;2 |display-authors=etal |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907195748/http://gis.wwfus.org/wildfinder/ |archivedate=September 7, 2011 |df=mdy }}</ref>		], typical of the southeastern ], grow around Chesapeake Bay and on the ]. Moving west, a mixture of ] and ] cover the central part of the state. The ] of western Maryland are home to ]. These give way to ] near the West Virginia border.<ref name="ecoregions">{{cite journal|author1=Olson, D. M. |author2=Dinerstein, E. |title=Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth |journal=] |year=2001 |volume=51 |issue=11 |pages=933–938 |doi=10.1641/0006-3568(2001)0512.0.CO;2 |display-authors=etal |doi-access=free | issn = 0006-3568 }}</ref>
	]]]Many foreign species are cultivated in the state, some as ornamentals, others as novelty species. Included among these are the ], ], ], ] in the warmer parts of the state,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prairiefrontier.com/pages/hardiness/zone.html |title=Zone Hardiness Map through Prairie Frontier |publisher=Prairiefrontier.com |accessdate=October 24, 2010}}</ref> and even ] in the warmer central and eastern parts of the state.<ref>{{cite book|author=John Leeds Bozman|title=The history of Maryland: from its first settlement, in 1633, to the restoration, in 1660 ; with a copious introduction, and notes and illustrations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tkwOAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA24|year=1837|publisher=J. Lucas & E.K. Deaver|page=24}}</ref> USDA plant ]s in the state range from Zones 5 and 6 in the extreme western part of the state to Zone 7 in the central part, and Zone 8 around the southern part of the coast, the bay area, and parts of ].<ref name = "Arbor Day Foundation"/> Invasive plant species, such as ], ], ], and ], stifle growth of endemic plant life.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mdinvasivesp.org/list_terrestrial_plants.html |title=Invasive Species of concern in Maryland |publisher=Mdinvasivesp.org |accessdate=October 24, 2010}}</ref> Maryland's state flower, the ], grows in abundance in wild flower groups throughout the state.		Many foreign species are cultivated in the state, some as ornamentals, others as novelty species. Included among these are the ], ], ], ] in the warmer parts of the state,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.prairiefrontier.com/pages/hardiness/zone.html |title=Zone Hardiness Map through Prairie Frontier |publisher=Prairiefrontier.com |access-date=October 24, 2010 |archive-date=February 7, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110207214803/http://prairiefrontier.com/pages/hardiness/zone.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and even ] in the warmer central and eastern parts of the state.<ref>{{cite book|author=John Leeds Bozman|title=The history of Maryland: from its first settlement, in 1633, to the restoration, in 1660; with a copious introduction, and notes and illustrations|url=https://archive.org/details/historymaryland00bozmgoog|year=1837|publisher=J. Lucas & E.K. Deaver|page=}}</ref> USDA plant ]s in the state range from Zones 5{{spaces}}and{{spaces}}6 in the extreme western part of the state to Zone{{spaces}}7 in the central part, and Zone{{spaces}}8 around the southern part of the coast, the bay area, and parts of ].<ref name="Arbor Day Foundation" /> Invasive plant species, such as ], ], ], and ], stifle growth of endemic plant life.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mdinvasivesp.org/list_terrestrial_plants.html |title=Invasive Species of concern in Maryland |publisher=Mdinvasivesp.org |access-date=October 24, 2010 |archive-date=January 3, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103082840/http://www.mdinvasivesp.org/list_terrestrial_plants.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Maryland's state flower, the ], grows in abundance in wild flower groups throughout the state.
	===Fauna===		===Fauna===
			] on Assateague Island on Maryland's Atlantic coastal islands]]
	The state harbors a great number of ], especially in the woody and mountainous west of the state, and overpopulation can become a problem. Mammals can be found ranging from the mountains in the west to the central areas and include ],<ref name="Maryland Wildlife">{{cite web|url=http://www.sailor.lib.md.us/MD_topics/res/env_ani.html |title=Maryland Animals |accessdate=August 30, 2007 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070830021023/http://www.sailor.lib.md.us/MD_topics/res/env_ani.html |archivedate=August 30, 2007 |df=mdy }}</ref> ]s,<ref>
			The state harbors a considerable number of ], especially in the woody and mountainous west of the state, and overpopulation can become a problem. Mammals can be found ranging from the mountains in the west to the central areas and include ],<ref name="Maryland Wildlife">{{cite web|url=http://www.sailor.lib.md.us/MD_topics/res/env_ani.html |title=Maryland Animals |access-date=August 30, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070830021023/http://www.sailor.lib.md.us/MD_topics/res/env_ani.html |archive-date=August 30, 2007 }}</ref> ]s,<ref>
	{{cite web		{{cite web
	|title=Lions in our mountains? The mystery of cougars in Maryland		|title=Lions in our mountains? The mystery of cougars in Maryland
	|url=http://www.dnr.state.md.us/naturalresource/fall2007/lions.pdf		|url=http://www.dnr.state.md.us/naturalresource/fall2007/lions.pdf
	|first=Glenn		|first=Glenn
	|last=Therres		|last=Therres
	|date=Fall 2007		|date=Fall 2007
			|website=Wildlife and Heritage
	|format=PDF
			|publisher=Maryland Department of Natural Resources
	|work=Wildlife and Heritage
			|access-date=July 6, 2009
	|publisher=Maryland Department of Natural Resources
			|quote=Historically bobcats were distributed statewide but during the post colonization period densities began to plummet. By the mid-1900s, populations had probably reached all-time lows, with remnant populations existing only in western Maryland. This prompted the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) to classify them as a state-listed "Species of Special Concern." During the past quarter century, occupied range and densities have increased markedly. Results from the annual Bowhunter Survey and the Hunter Mail survey have identified bobcat sightings in 14 of Maryland's 23 counties. Currently, bobcats have dual legal classification in Maryland. In addition to the Species of Special Concern designation, they are also defined as a Game Animal / Furbearer with a closed harvest season.
	|accessdate=July 6, 2009
			|url-status=dead
	|quote=Historically bobcats were distributed statewide but during the post colonization period densities began to plummet. By the mid-1900s, populations had probably reached all-time lows, with remnant populations existing only in western Maryland. This prompted the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) to classify them as a state-listed "Species of Special Concern." During the past quarter century, occupied range and densities have increased markedly. Results from the annual Bowhunter Survey and the Hunter Mail survey have identified bobcat sightings in 14 of Maryland's 23 counties. Currently, bobcats have dual legal classification in Maryland. In addition to the Species of Special Concern designation, they are also defined as a Game Animal / Furbearer with a closed harvest season.
			|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110419203123/http://www.dnr.state.md.us/naturalresource/fall2007/lions.pdf
	|deadurl=yes
			|archive-date=April 19, 2011
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110419203123/http://www.dnr.state.md.us/naturalresource/fall2007/lions.pdf
	|archivedate=April 19, 2011
	|df=
	}}</ref> foxes, ]s,<ref>		}}</ref> foxes, ]s,<ref>
	{{cite web		{{cite web
	|title=Coyotes in Maryland		|title=Coyotes in Maryland
	|url=http://www.dnr.state.md.us/wildlife/Hunt_Trap/furbearers/coyote.asp		|url=http://www.dnr.state.md.us/wildlife/Hunt_Trap/furbearers/coyote.asp
	|publisher=Maryland Department of Natural Resources		|publisher=Maryland Department of Natural Resources
	|accessdate=September 16, 2011		|access-date=September 16, 2011
	|quote=Coyotes were historically a western species with core populations found west of the Mississippi River. Alterations and/or elimination of competing predators during the post-European colonization period facilitated rapid range expansion into eastern North America during the 20th Century. Established populations now occur in every state and province in North America. Coyotes are a relatively new addition to local ecosystems, and were first documented in Maryland during 1972. Initial substantiated sightings occurred in Cecil, Frederick and Washington counties. Since that time population densities and occupied range have expanded incrementally and coyotes now occur statewide.		|quote=Coyotes were historically a western species with core populations found west of the Mississippi River. Alterations and/or elimination of competing predators during the post-European colonization period facilitated rapid range expansion into eastern North America during the 20th Century. Established populations now occur in every state and province in North America. Coyotes are a relatively new addition to local ecosystems, and were first documented in Maryland during 1972. Initial substantiated sightings occurred in Cecil, Frederick and Washington counties. Since that time population densities and occupied range have expanded incrementally and coyotes now occur statewide.
			|url-status=dead
	|deadurl=yes
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815030808/http://www.dnr.state.md.us/wildlife/Hunt_Trap/furbearers/coyote.asp		|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815030808/http://www.dnr.state.md.us/wildlife/Hunt_Trap/furbearers/coyote.asp
	|archivedate=August 15, 2011		|archive-date=August 15, 2011
	|df=
	}}</ref> raccoons, and otters.<ref name="Maryland Wildlife" />		}}</ref> raccoons, and otters.<ref name="Maryland Wildlife" />
			There is a population of rare wild (feral) horses found on ].<ref name="horse">{{Cite web |url=http://www.assateagueisland.com/wildlife/pony.htm |title=Assateague Island National Seashore wild Ponies |publisher=Assateagueisland.com |access-date=October 24, 2010 |archive-date=March 4, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304232538/http://www.assateagueisland.com/wildlife/pony.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> They are believed to be descended from horses who escaped from Spanish galleon shipwrecks.<ref name="horse" /> Every year during the last week of July, they are captured and swim across a shallow bay for sale at ], a conservation technique which ensures the tiny island is not overrun by the horses.<ref name="horse" /> The ponies and their sale were popularized by the children's book, ''].''
	] on ]]]
			The purebred ] dog was bred specifically for water sports, hunting and search and rescue in the Chesapeake area.<ref name="Maryland1">{{cite web |url=http://www.k9web.com/dog-faqs/breeds/chessies.html |title=Chesapeake Bay Retriever History |publisher=K9web.com |access-date=October 24, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101024192224/http://www.k9web.com/dog-faqs/breeds/chessies.html |archive-date=October 24, 2010 }}</ref> In 1878, the Chesapeake Bay Retriever was the first individual retriever breed recognized by the ].<ref name="Maryland1" /> and was later adopted by the ] as their mascot.
	There is a population of rare wild (feral) horses found on ].<ref name="horse">{{Cite web |url=http://www.assateagueisland.com/wildlife/pony.htm |title=Assateague Island National Seashore wild Ponies |publisher=Assateagueisland.com |access-date=October 24, 2010}}</ref> They are believed to be descended from horses who escaped from shipwrecks.<ref name="horse" /> Every year during the last week of July, they are captured and waded across a shallow bay for sale at ], a conservation technique which ensures the tiny island is not overrun by the horses.<ref name="horse" /> The ponies and their sale were popularized by the children's book, ''].''
			Maryland's reptile and amphibian population includes the ] turtle, which was adopted as the mascot of ], as well as the threatened ].<ref>{{cite web |title=Eastern Box Turtle |url=https://www.marylandbiodiversity.com/viewSpecies.php?species=865 |publisher=Maryland Biodiversity Project |access-date=July 8, 2018 |archive-date=July 9, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709010633/https://www.marylandbiodiversity.com/viewSpecies.php?species=865 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The state is part of the territory of the ], which is the official state bird and mascot of the ] team the ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/html/symbols/bird.html |title=Maryland Government Website—Maryland State Bird |publisher=Msa.md.gov |date=June 7, 2010 |access-date=October 24, 2010 |archive-date=May 27, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527153052/http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/html/symbols/bird.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Aside from the oriole, ] have been reported from Maryland.<ref name="MRC2">{{cite web|url=http://www.mdbirds.org/mddcrc/pdf/mdlist.pdf|title=Official list of the birds of Maryland|website=Maryland/District of Columbia Records Committee|access-date=May 4, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709010629/http://www.mdbirds.org/mddcrc/pdf/mdlist.pdf|archive-date=July 9, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
	The purebred ] dog was bred specifically for water sports, hunting and search and rescue in the Chesapeake area.<ref name="Maryland1">{{cite web |url=http://www.k9web.com/dog-faqs/breeds/chessies.html |title=Chesapeake Bay Retriever History |publisher=K9web.com |accessdate=October 24, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101024192224/http://www.k9web.com/dog-faqs/breeds/chessies.html |archivedate=October 24, 2010 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> In 1878 the Chesapeake Bay Retriever was the first individual retriever breed recognized by the ].<ref name="Maryland1"/> and was later adopted by the ] as their mascot.
	Maryland's reptile and amphibian population includes the ] turtle, which was adopted as the mascot of ], as well as the threatened ] <ref>
	{{cite web
	|title=Eastern Box Turtle
	|url=https://www.marylandbiodiversity.com/viewSpecies.php?species=865
	|publisher=Maryland Biodiversity Project
	|accessdate=July 8, 2018
	}}</ref>
	. The state is part of the territory of the ], which is the official state bird and mascot of the MLB team the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/html/symbols/bird.html |title=Maryland Government Website – Maryland State Bird |publisher=Msa.md.gov |date=June 7, 2010 |accessdate=October 24, 2010}}</ref> Aside from the oriole, ] have been reported from Maryland.<ref name="MRC2">{{cite web|url=http://www.mdbirds.org/mddcrc/pdf/mdlist.pdf|title=Official list of the birds of Maryland|work=Maryland/District of Columbia Records Committee|accessdate=May 4, 2009}}</ref>
	The state insect is the ], although it is not as common in Maryland as it is in the southern edge of its range.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100906132330/http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species?l=1753|date=September 6, 2010}}, ''Butterflies and Moths of North America''</ref>		The state insect is the ], although it is not as common in Maryland as it is in the southern edge of its range.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100906132330/http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species?l=1753|date=September 6, 2010}}, ''Butterflies and Moths of North America''</ref>
	===Environment===		===Environment===
	Maryland joined with neighboring states during the end of the 20th century to improve the health of the ]. The bay's aquatic life and seafood industry have been threatened by development and by fertilizer and livestock waste entering the bay.<ref>{{cite news |title=An Unsavory Byproduct: Runoff and Pollution |first=Peter S. |last=Goodman |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/local/daily/aug99/chicken1.htm |newspaper=Washington Post |date=August 1, 1999 |page=A1}}</ref><ref name="hog">{{Cite news |url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1999-01-01/news/9904280856_1_hog-farm-cafos-factory-hog |title=Hog farms' waste poses a threat |last=Horton |first=Tom |date=January 1, 1999 |work=Baltimore Sun}}</ref>
			Maryland joined with neighboring states during the end of the 20th century to improve the health of the ]. The bay's aquatic life and seafood industry have been threatened by development and by fertilizer and livestock waste entering the bay.<ref>{{cite news |title=An Unsavory Byproduct: Runoff and Pollution |first=Peter S. |last=Goodman |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/local/daily/aug99/chicken1.htm |newspaper=Washington Post |date=August 1, 1999 |page=A1 |access-date=August 30, 2017 |archive-date=September 8, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908074733/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/local/daily/aug99/chicken1.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="hog">{{Cite news |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/1999/01/01/hog-farms-waste-poses-a-threat/ |title=Hog farms' waste poses a threat |last=Horton |first=Tom |date=January 1, 1999 |work=Baltimore Sun |access-date=October 5, 2013 |archive-date=October 12, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012035323/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1999-01-01/news/9904280856_1_hog-farm-cafos-factory-hog |url-status=live }}</ref>
	In 2007, Forbes.com rated Maryland as the fifth "Greenest" state in the country behind three of the ] and Vermont. Maryland ranks 40th in total energy consumption nationwide, and it managed less toxic waste per capita than all but six states in 2005.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/2007/10/16/environment-energy-vermont-biz-beltway-cx_bw_mm_1017greenstates_2.html |title=– America's Greenest States |publisher=Forbes.com |date=October 16, 2007 |accessdate=October 24, 2010 |first1=Brian |last1=Wingfield |first2=Miriam |last2=Marcus}}</ref> In April 2007 Maryland joined the ] (RGGI)—a regional initiative formed by all of the Northeastern states, Washington D.C., and three Canadian provinces to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rggi.org/program-overview-and-design/design-archive|title=Program Design Archive {{!}} RGGI, Inc.|website=www.rggi.org|language=en|access-date=2018-04-20}}</ref> In March 2017, Maryland became the first state with proven gas reserves to ban fracking by passing a law against it. Vermont has such a law, but no shale gas, and New York has such a ban, though it was made by executive order.<ref name="natgas" />
			In 2007, Forbes.com rated Maryland as the fifth "Greenest" state in the country, behind three of the ] and Vermont. Maryland ranks 40th in total energy consumption nationwide, and it managed less toxic waste per capita than all but six states in 2005.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.forbes.com/2007/10/16/environment-energy-vermont-biz-beltway-cx_bw_mm_1017greenstates_2.html |title=America's Greenest States |magazine=Forbes.com |date=October 16, 2007 |access-date=October 24, 2010 |first1=Brian |last1=Wingfield |first2=Miriam |last2=Marcus |archive-date=November 5, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101105222728/http://www.forbes.com/2007/10/16/environment-energy-vermont-biz-beltway-cx_bw_mm_1017greenstates_2.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In April 2007, Maryland joined the ] (RGGI) — a regional initiative, formed by all the Northeastern states, Washington, D.C., and three Canadian provinces, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rggi.org/program-overview-and-design/design-archive|title=Program Design Archive|website=RGGI, Inc|access-date=April 20, 2018|archive-date=March 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302164201/https://www.rggi.org/program-overview-and-design/design-archive|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2017, Maryland became the first state with proven gas reserves to ban fracking by passing a law against it. Vermont has such a law, but no shale gas, and New York has such a ban, though it was made by executive order.<ref name="natgas" />
	===Climate===
	]
	]
	Maryland has a wide array of climates, due to local variances in elevation, proximity to water, and protection from colder weather due to ]s.
			In 2023, ] announced its intent to retire the 23-year-old ] in June 2024. It was the state's last coal-fired power plant that did not already have plans to shut down.<ref>{{Cite press release |last=Caplan |first=Morgan |date=November 15, 2023 |title=Maryland On Track To Be Coal-Free by 2025 with Announced Retirement of Warrior Run Plant |url=https://www.sierraclub.org/press-releases/2023/11/maryland-track-be-coal-free-2025-announced-retirement-warrior-run-plant |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=] }}</ref>
	The eastern half of Maryland—which includes the cities of ], ], ], and the southern and eastern suburbs of Washington, D.C. and ]—lies on the ], with flat topography and sandy or muddy soil. This region has a ] (] ''Cfa''), with hot, humid summers and a short, mild to cool winter; it falls under USDA ] 8a.<ref name = "Arbor Day Foundation">{{cite web|url=http://www.arborday.org/media/zones.cfm |title=Hardiness Zones |publisher=Arbor Day Foundation |accessdate=March 5, 2013}}</ref>
			===Climate===
			{{further|Climate change in Maryland}}
			] of Maryland, using 1991–2020 ]]]
			]'s ]]]
			Maryland has a wide array of climates, due to local variances in elevation, proximity to water, and protection from colder weather due to ].
			The eastern half of Maryland, which includes ], ], ], and the southern and eastern suburbs of Washington, D.C., and ], lies on the ], with flat topography and sandy or muddy soil. This region has a ] (] ''Cfa''), with hot, humid summers and cool to cold winters; it falls under USDA ] 8a.<ref name="Arbor Day Foundation">{{cite web |url=http://www.arborday.org/media/zones.cfm |title=Hardiness Zones |publisher=Arbor Day Foundation |access-date=March 5, 2013 |archive-date=June 29, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629141838/https://www.arborday.org/media/zones.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>
	The ] region—which includes northern and western greater Baltimore, ], ], ], and ]—has average seasonal snowfall totals generally exceeding {{convert|20|in|cm}} and, as part of USDA Hardiness zones 7b and 7a,<ref name = "Arbor Day Foundation"/> temperatures below {{convert|10|°F|0}} are less rare. From the ] on westward, the climate begins to transition to a ] (Köppen ''Dfa'').		The ] region, which includes northern and western greater Baltimore, ], ], ], and ], has average seasonal snowfall totals generally exceeding {{convert|20|in|cm}}, and, as part of USDA Hardiness zones 7b and 7a,<ref name="Arbor Day Foundation" /> temperatures below {{convert|10|°F|0}} are less rare. From the ] on westward, the climate begins to transition to a ] (Köppen ''Dfa'').
	In western Maryland, the higher elevations of ] and ] counties—including the cities of ], ], and ]—display more characteristics of the humid continental zone, due in part to elevation. They fall under USDA Hardiness zones 6b and below.<ref name = "Arbor Day Foundation"/>		In western Maryland, the higher elevations of ] and ] counties, including the cities of ], ], and ], display more characteristics of the humid continental zone, due in part to elevation. They fall under USDA Hardiness zones 6b and below.<ref name="Arbor Day Foundation" />
	Precipitation in the state is characteristic of the East Coast. Annual rainfall ranges from {{convert|35|to|45|in|mm}} with more in higher elevations. Nearly every part of Maryland receives {{convert|3.5|–|4.5|in|mm}} per month of rain. Average annual snowfall varies from {{convert|9|in|cm}} in the coastal areas to over {{convert|100|in|cm}} in the western mountains of the state.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.erh.noaa.gov/er/lwx/Historic_Events/md-snow-avg.gif |title=Snowfall Map |accessdate=October 24, 2010}}</ref>		Precipitation in the state is characteristic of the ]. Annual rainfall ranges from {{convert|35|to|45|in|mm}} with more in higher elevations. Nearly every part of Maryland receives {{convert|3.5|–|4.5|in|mm}} per month of rain. Average annual snowfall varies from {{convert|9|in|cm}} in the coastal areas to over {{convert|100|in|cm}} in the western mountains of the state.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.erh.noaa.gov/er/lwx/Historic_Events/md-snow-avg.gif |title=Snowfall Map |access-date=October 24, 2010 |archive-date=May 22, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100522020512/http://www.erh.noaa.gov/er/lwx/Historic_Events/md-snow-avg.gif |url-status=dead }}</ref>
	Because of its location near the ], Maryland is somewhat vulnerable to ], although the ] and the outer banks of ] provide a large buffer, such that strikes from major hurricanes (category 3 or above) occur infrequently. More often, Maryland gets the remnants of a tropical system which has already come ashore and released most of its energy. Maryland averages around 30–40 days of thunderstorms a year, and averages around six tornado strikes annually.<ref name="Annual average number of tornadoes"> NOAA National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved on October 24, 2006.</ref>		Because of its location near the ], Maryland is somewhat vulnerable to ], although the ] and the outer banks of ] provide a large buffer, such that strikes from major hurricanes (category{{spaces}}3 or above) occur infrequently. More often, Maryland gets the remnants of a tropical system that has already come ashore and released most of its energy. Maryland averages around 30–40 days of thunderstorms a year, and averages around six tornado strikes annually.<ref name="Annual average number of tornadoes">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/img/climate/research/tornado/small/avgt5304.gif |title=NOAA National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved on October 24, 2006. |access-date=October 25, 2006 |archive-date=October 16, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016174155/http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/img/climate/research/tornado/small/avgt5304.gif |url-status=dead }}</ref>
	{| class="wikitable"		{| class="wikitable"
	|+ style="vertical-align:top; background:silver;"|Monthly average high and low temperatures for various Maryland cities and landmarks <small>(covering breadth and width of the state)</small>		|+ style="vertical-align:top; background:silver;" |Monthly average high and low temperatures for various Maryland cities and landmarks <small>(covering breadth and width of the state)</small>
	|-		|-
	!| City		!| City
Line 266:		Line 355:
	!| Nov		!| Nov
	!| Dec		!| Dec
	|- <small>
	! | <small>]
	| | <small>{{convert|47|°F}}<br />{{convert|29|°F}}
	| | <small>{{convert|51|°F}}<br />{{convert|31|°F}}
	| | <small>{{convert|60|°F}}<br />{{convert|38|°F}}
	| | <small>{{convert|70|°F}}<br />{{convert|46|°F}}
	| | <small>{{convert|78|°F}}<br />{{convert|55|°F}}
	| | <small>{{convert|86|°F}}<br />{{convert|64|°F}}
	| | <small>{{convert|89|°F}}<br />{{convert|69|°F}}
	| | <small>{{convert|87|°F}}<br />{{convert|67|°F}}
	| | <small>{{convert|81|°F}}<br />{{convert|60|°F}}
	| | <small>{{convert|71|°F}}<br />{{convert|49|°F}}
	| | <small>{{convert|61|°F}}<br />{{convert|41|°F}}
	| | <small>{{convert|50|°F}}<br />{{convert|32|°F}}
	|-		|-
	! | <small>]		! | <small>]</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|34|°F}}<br />{{convert|16|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|34|°F}}<br />{{convert|16|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|38|°F}}<br />{{convert|17|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|38|°F}}<br />{{convert|17|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|48|°F}}<br />{{convert|25|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|48|°F}}<br />{{convert|25|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|59|°F}}<br />{{convert|34|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|59|°F}}<br />{{convert|34|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|68|°F}}<br />{{convert|45|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|68|°F}}<br />{{convert|45|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|75|°F}}<br />{{convert|53|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|75|°F}}<br />{{convert|53|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|79|°F}}<br />{{convert|58|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|79|°F}}<br />{{convert|58|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|78|°F}}<br />{{convert|56|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|78|°F}}<br />{{convert|56|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|71|°F}}<br />{{convert|49|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|71|°F}}<br />{{convert|49|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|62|°F}}<br />{{convert|37|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|62|°F}}<br />{{convert|37|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|50|°F}}<br />{{convert|28|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|50|°F}}<br />{{convert|28|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|39|°F}}<br />{{convert|21|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|39|°F}}<br />{{convert|21|°F}}</small>
	|-		|-
	! | <small>]		! | <small>]</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|41|°F}}<br />{{convert|22|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|41|°F}}<br />{{convert|22|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|46|°F}}<br />{{convert|24|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|46|°F}}<br />{{convert|24|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|56|°F}}<br />{{convert|32|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|56|°F}}<br />{{convert|32|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|68|°F}}<br />{{convert|41|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|68|°F}}<br />{{convert|41|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|77|°F}}<br />{{convert|51|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|77|°F}}<br />{{convert|51|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|85|°F}}<br />{{convert|60|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|85|°F}}<br />{{convert|60|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|89|°F}}<br />{{convert|65|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|89|°F}}<br />{{convert|65|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|87|°F}}<br />{{convert|63|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|87|°F}}<br />{{convert|63|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|80|°F}}<br />{{convert|55|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|80|°F}}<br />{{convert|55|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|69|°F}}<br />{{convert|43|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|69|°F}}<br />{{convert|43|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|57|°F}}<br />{{convert|34|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|57|°F}}<br />{{convert|34|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|45|°F}}<br />{{convert|26|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|45|°F}}<br />{{convert|26|°F}}</small>
	|-		|-
	! | <small>]		! | <small>]</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|39|°F}}<br />{{convert|22|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|39|°F}}<br />{{convert|22|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|42|°F}}<br />{{convert|23|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|42|°F}}<br />{{convert|23|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|52|°F}}<br />{{convert|30|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|52|°F}}<br />{{convert|30|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|63|°F}}<br />{{convert|39|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|63|°F}}<br />{{convert|39|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|72|°F}}<br />{{convert|50|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|72|°F}}<br />{{convert|50|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|81|°F}}<br />{{convert|59|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|81|°F}}<br />{{convert|59|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|85|°F}}<br />{{convert|64|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|85|°F}}<br />{{convert|64|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|83|°F}}<br />{{convert|62|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|83|°F}}<br />{{convert|62|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|76|°F}}<br />{{convert|54|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|76|°F}}<br />{{convert|54|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|65|°F}}<br />{{convert|43|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|65|°F}}<br />{{convert|43|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|54|°F}}<br />{{convert|34|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|54|°F}}<br />{{convert|34|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|43|°F}}<br />{{convert|26|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|43|°F}}<br />{{convert|26|°F}}</small>
	|-		|-
	! | <small>]		! | <small>]</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|42|°F}}<br />{{convert|26|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|42|°F}}<br />{{convert|26|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|47|°F}}<br />{{convert|28|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|47|°F}}<br />{{convert|28|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|56|°F}}<br />{{convert|35|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|56|°F}}<br />{{convert|35|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|68|°F}}<br />{{convert|45|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|68|°F}}<br />{{convert|45|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|77|°F}}<br />{{convert|54|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|77|°F}}<br />{{convert|54|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|85|°F}}<br />{{convert|63|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|85|°F}}<br />{{convert|63|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|89|°F}}<br />{{convert|68|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|89|°F}}<br />{{convert|68|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|87|°F}}<br />{{convert|66|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|87|°F}}<br />{{convert|66|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|80|°F}}<br />{{convert|59|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|80|°F}}<br />{{convert|59|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|68|°F}}<br />{{convert|47|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|68|°F}}<br />{{convert|47|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|56|°F}}<br />{{convert|38|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|56|°F}}<br />{{convert|38|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|45|°F}}<br />{{convert|30|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|45|°F}}<br />{{convert|30|°F}}</small>
	|-		|-
	! | <small>]		! | <small>]</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|42|°F}}<br />{{convert|29|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|42|°F}}<br />{{convert|29|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|46|°F}}<br />{{convert|31|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|46|°F}}<br />{{convert|31|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|54|°F}}<br />{{convert|39|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|54|°F}}<br />{{convert|39|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|65|°F}}<br />{{convert|48|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|65|°F}}<br />{{convert|48|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|75|°F}}<br />{{convert|57|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|75|°F}}<br />{{convert|57|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|85|°F}}<br />{{convert|67|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|85|°F}}<br />{{convert|67|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|90|°F}}<br />{{convert|72|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|90|°F}}<br />{{convert|72|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|87|°F}}<br />{{convert|71|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|87|°F}}<br />{{convert|71|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|80|°F}}<br />{{convert|64|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|80|°F}}<br />{{convert|64|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|68|°F}}<br />{{convert|52|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|68|°F}}<br />{{convert|52|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|58|°F}}<br />{{convert|43|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|58|°F}}<br />{{convert|43|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|46|°F}}<br />{{convert|33|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|46|°F}}<br />{{convert|33|°F}}</small>
	|-		|-
	! | <small>]		! | <small>]</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|42|°F}}<br />{{convert|24|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|42|°F}}<br />{{convert|24|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|46|°F}}<br />{{convert|26|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|46|°F}}<br />{{convert|26|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|55|°F}}<br />{{convert|32|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|55|°F}}<br />{{convert|32|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|67|°F}}<br />{{convert|42|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|67|°F}}<br />{{convert|42|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|76|°F}}<br />{{convert|51|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|76|°F}}<br />{{convert|51|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|85|°F}}<br />{{convert|61|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|85|°F}}<br />{{convert|61|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|88|°F}}<br />{{convert|66|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|88|°F}}<br />{{convert|66|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|87|°F}}<br />{{convert|65|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|87|°F}}<br />{{convert|65|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|80|°F}}<br />{{convert|57|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|80|°F}}<br />{{convert|57|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|69|°F}}<br />{{convert|45|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|69|°F}}<br />{{convert|45|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|58|°F}}<br />{{convert|36|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|58|°F}}<br />{{convert|36|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|46|°F}}<br />{{convert|28|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|46|°F}}<br />{{convert|28|°F}}</small>
	|-		|-
	! | <small>]		! | <small>]</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|45|°F}}<br />{{convert|28|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|45|°F}}<br />{{convert|28|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|46|°F}}<br />{{convert|29|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|46|°F}}<br />{{convert|29|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|53|°F}}<br />{{convert|35|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|53|°F}}<br />{{convert|35|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|61|°F}}<br />{{convert|44|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|61|°F}}<br />{{convert|44|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|70|°F}}<br />{{convert|53|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|70|°F}}<br />{{convert|53|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|79|°F}}<br />{{convert|63|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|79|°F}}<br />{{convert|63|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|84|°F}}<br />{{convert|68|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|84|°F}}<br />{{convert|68|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|82|°F}}<br />{{convert|67|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|82|°F}}<br />{{convert|67|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|77|°F}}<br />{{convert|60|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|77|°F}}<br />{{convert|60|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|68|°F}}<br />{{convert|51|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|68|°F}}<br />{{convert|51|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|58|°F}}<br />{{convert|39|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|58|°F}}<br />{{convert|39|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|49|°F}}<br />{{convert|32|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|49|°F}}<br />{{convert|32|°F}}</small>
	|-		|-
	! | <small>]		! | <small>]</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|44|°F}}<br />{{convert|26|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|44|°F}}<br />{{convert|26|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|49|°F}}<br />{{convert|28|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|49|°F}}<br />{{convert|28|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|58|°F}}<br />{{convert|35|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|58|°F}}<br />{{convert|35|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|68|°F}}<br />{{convert|43|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|68|°F}}<br />{{convert|43|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|75|°F}}<br />{{convert|53|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|75|°F}}<br />{{convert|53|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|81|°F}}<br />{{convert|62|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|81|°F}}<br />{{convert|62|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|85|°F}}<br />{{convert|67|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|85|°F}}<br />{{convert|67|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|83|°F}}<br />{{convert|65|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|83|°F}}<br />{{convert|65|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|78|°F}}<br />{{convert|59|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|78|°F}}<br />{{convert|59|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|68|°F}}<br />{{convert|47|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|68|°F}}<br />{{convert|47|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|59|°F}}<br />{{convert|38|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|59|°F}}<br />{{convert|38|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|48|°F}}<br />{{convert|30|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|48|°F}}<br />{{convert|30|°F}}</small>
	|-		|-
	! | <small>]		! | <small>]</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|47|°F}}<br />{{convert|29|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|47|°F}}<br />{{convert|29|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|51|°F}}<br />{{convert|31|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|51|°F}}<br />{{convert|31|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|60|°F}}<br />{{convert|38|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|60|°F}}<br />{{convert|38|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|70|°F}}<br />{{convert|46|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|70|°F}}<br />{{convert|46|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|78|°F}}<br />{{convert|55|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|78|°F}}<br />{{convert|55|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|86|°F}}<br />{{convert|64|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|86|°F}}<br />{{convert|64|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|89|°F}}<br />{{convert|69|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|89|°F}}<br />{{convert|69|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|87|°F}}<br />{{convert|67|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|87|°F}}<br />{{convert|67|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|81|°F}}<br />{{convert|60|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|81|°F}}<br />{{convert|60|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|71|°F}}<br />{{convert|49|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|71|°F}}<br />{{convert|49|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|61|°F}}<br />{{convert|41|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|61|°F}}<br />{{convert|41|°F}}</small>
	| | <small>{{convert|50|°F}}<br />{{convert|32|°F}}		| | <small>{{convert|50|°F}}<br />{{convert|32|°F}}</small>
	|-		|-
			| colspan="13" style="text-align:center" |''<ref name="NOAA">{{cite web |url=https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=lwx |title=NowData—NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher=] |access-date=December 17, 2012 |archive-date=July 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724075300/http://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=lwx |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/USMD0294 |title=Monthly Averages for Oakland, MD |publisher=weather.com |access-date=September 28, 2013 |archive-date=September 27, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927112832/http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/USMD0294 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NOAA Cumberland">{{cite web |url=ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USC00182282.normals.txt |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=Station Name: MD Cumberland 2 |access-date=March 5, 2013 |archive-date=May 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525202652/ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USC00182282.normals.txt |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/USMD0195 |title=Monthly Averages for Hagerstown, MD |publisher=weather.com |access-date=September 28, 2013 |archive-date=September 27, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927112834/http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/USMD0195 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NOAA Frederick">{{cite web |url=ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USC00183348.normals.txt |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=Station Name: MD Frederick Police Brks |access-date=March 5, 2013 |archive-date=May 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525202658/ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USC00183348.normals.txt |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NOAA Baltimore downtown">{{cite web |url=ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USW00093784.normals.txt |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=Station Name: MD MD Sci Ctr Baltimore |access-date=February 27, 2013 |archive-date=May 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525202702/ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USW00093784.normals.txt |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Monthly Averages for Elkton, MD (21921) |publisher=The Weather Channel |url=http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/21921 |access-date=May 21, 2017 |archive-date=November 6, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106191004/https://weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/21921 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NOAA Ocean City">{{cite web |url=ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USW00093786.normals.txt |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=Station Name: MD Ocean City Muni Ap |access-date=March 5, 2013 |archive-date=May 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525202706/ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USW00093786.normals.txt |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Monthly Averages for Waldorf, MD |publisher=The Weather Channel |url=http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USMD0414 |access-date=May 21, 2017 |archive-date=November 6, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106191134/https://weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USMD0414 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Monthly Averages for Point Lookout State Park |publisher=The Weather Channel |url=https://weather.com/weather/monthly/l/20687 |access-date=May 21, 2017 |archive-date=November 10, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110081756/https://weather.com/weather/monthly/l/20687 |url-status=live }}</ref>''
	| colspan="13" style="text-align:center"|''<ref name= NOAA>
	{{cite web
	|url = http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=lwx
	|title = NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data
	|publisher = ]
	|accessdate = December 17, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/USMD0294 |title=Monthly Averages for Oakland, MD |publisher=weather.com |accessdate=September 28, 2013}}</ref><ref name="NOAA Cumberland">{{cite web |url=ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USC00182282.normals.txt |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=Station Name: MD CUMBERLAND 2 |accessdate=March 5, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/USMD0195 |title=Monthly Averages for Hagerstown, MD |publisher=weather.com |accessdate=September 28, 2013}}</ref><ref name="NOAA Frederick">{{cite web |url=ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USC00183348.normals.txt |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=Station Name: MD FREDERICK POLICE BRKS |accessdate=March 5, 2013}}</ref><ref name="NOAA Baltimore downtown">{{cite web |url=ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USW00093784.normals.txt |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=Station Name: MD MD SCI CTR BALTIMORE |accessdate=February 27, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Monthly Averages for Elkton, MD (21921) |publisher=The Weather Channel |url=http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/21921 |access-date=May 21, 2017 }}</ref><ref name="NOAA Ocean City">{{cite web |url=ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USW00093786.normals.txt |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=Station Name: MD OCEAN CITY MUNI AP |accessdate=March 5, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Monthly Averages for Waldorf, MD |publisher=The Weather Channel |url=http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USMD0414 |access-date=May 21, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Monthly Averages for Point Lookout State Park |publisher=The Weather Channel |url=https://weather.com/weather/monthly/l/20687 |access-date=May 21, 2017 }}</ref>''
	</small>
	|}		|}
			=== Cities and metro areas ===
	==History==
			{{See also|Maryland statistical areas}}
	{{Main|History of Maryland}}
			].]]
			Most of the population of Maryland lives in the central region of the state, in the ] and ], both of which are part of the ]. The majority of Maryland's population is concentrated in the cities and suburbs surrounding ], and in and around ], Maryland's most populous city. Historically, these and many other Maryland cities developed along the ], the line along which rivers, brooks, and streams are interrupted by rapids and waterfalls. Maryland's capital city, ], is one exception to this pattern since it lies along the banks of the ], close to where it empties into the ].
			The Eastern Shore is less populous and more rural, as are the counties of western Maryland. The two westernmost counties of Maryland, ] and ], are mountainous and sparsely populated, resembling West Virginia and ] more than they do the rest of the state. Both eastern and western Maryland are, however, dotted with cities of regional importance, such as ], ], and ] on the ] and ], ], and ] in ]. Southern Maryland is still somewhat rural, but suburbanization from Washington, D.C., has encroached significantly since the 1960s; important local population centers include ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/P1000II5.TXT?ZyActionD=ZyDocument&Client=EPA&Index=2000+Thru+2005&Docs=&Query=&Time=&EndTime=&SearchMethod=1&TocRestrict=n&Toc=&TocEntry=&QField=&QFieldYear=&QFieldMonth=&QFieldDay=&IntQFieldOp=0&ExtQFieldOp=0&XmlQuery=&File=D%3A%5Czyfiles%5CIndex%20Data%5C00thru05%5CTxt%5C00000014%5CP1000II5.txt&User=ANONYMOUS&Password=anonymous&SortMethod=h%7C-&MaximumDocuments=1&FuzzyDegree=0&ImageQuality=r75g8/r75g8/x150y150g16/i425&Display=hpfr&DefSeekPage=x&SearchBack=ZyActionL&Back=ZyActionS&BackDesc=Results%20page&MaximumPages=1&ZyEntry=1&SeekPage=x&ZyPURL |title=Calvert County, Maryland's Success in Controlling Sprawl |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency |access-date=September 3, 2016 |archive-date=September 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913223055/https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/P1000II5.TXT?ZyActionD=ZyDocument&Client=EPA&Index=2000+Thru+2005&Docs=&Query=&Time=&EndTime=&SearchMethod=1&TocRestrict=n&Toc=&TocEntry=&QField=&QFieldYear=&QFieldMonth=&QFieldDay=&IntQFieldOp=0&ExtQFieldOp=0&XmlQuery=&File=D%3A%5Czyfiles%5CIndex%20Data%5C00thru05%5CTxt%5C00000014%5CP1000II5.txt&User=ANONYMOUS&Password=anonymous&SortMethod=h%7C-&MaximumDocuments=1&FuzzyDegree=0&ImageQuality=r75g8/r75g8/x150y150g16/i425&Display=hpfr&DefSeekPage=x&SearchBack=ZyActionL&Back=ZyActionS&BackDesc=Results%20page&MaximumPages=1&ZyEntry=1&SeekPage=x&ZyPURL |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/local/longterm/library/growth/part1/southmd.htm |title=On Edge |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=February 16, 1997 |access-date=September 3, 2016 |author=Shields, Todd |archive-date=September 17, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917123821/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/local/longterm/library/growth/part1/southmd.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
	===17th century===
	], 1st Proprietor of the Maryland colony.]]
			{{Largest cities
	====Maryland's first colonial settlement====
			| name =
	{{Main|Province of Maryland}}
			| country = Maryland
			| stat_ref = ] populations
			| list_by_pop =
			| div_name =
			| div_link = List of counties in Maryland{{!}}County
			| city_1 = Baltimore{{!}}Baltimore
	] (1579–1632), sought a charter from King ] for the territory between ] to the north and ] to the immediate south.<ref name="Stewart 1967 42–43">{{Cite book|last=Stewart
			| div_1 = Independent city (United States){{!}}''Independent city''
	|first= George R.|authorlink= George R. Stewart|title= Names on the Land: A Historical Account of Place-Naming in the United States|origyear= 1945 |edition= Sentry edition (3rd)|year= 1967 |publisher= ]|pages= 42–43}}</ref>
			| pop_1 = 585,708
	After the first Lord Baltimore died in April 1632, the charter was granted to his son, ] (1605–1675), on June 20, 1632. Officially, the new "Maryland Colony" was named in honor of ], wife of Charles I of England. George Calvert initially proposed the name “Crescentia,” the land of growth or increase, but “the King proposed Terra Mariae , which was concluded on and Inserted in the bill.”<ref name=":1" />
			| img_1 = Downtown_baltimore.jpg
			| city_2 = Columbia, Maryland{{!}}Columbia
	The original capital of Maryland was ], on the north shore of the ], and the county surrounding it, the first erected/created in the province,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/speccol/photos/lowe/html/sm_2.html|title=Maryland In Focus -- St. Mary's County|first=Kristin P.|last=Masser|website=msa.maryland.gov}}</ref> was first called Augusta Carolina, after the King, and later named St. Mary’s County.<ref>{{Cite book|title=History of Maryland at 32.|last=|first=|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref>
			| div_2 = Howard County, Maryland{{!}}Howard
			| pop_2 = 104,681
			| img_2 = Aerial View of Columbia, MD.jpg
			| city_3 = Germantown, Maryland{{!}}Germantown
	Lord Baltimore's first settlers arrived in the new colony in March 1634, with his younger brother ] (1606–1647), as first provincial ]. They made their first permanent settlement at ] in what is now ]. They purchased the site from the ] of the region, who was eager to establish trade. St. Mary's became the first ] of Maryland, and remained so for 60 years until 1695. More settlers soon followed. Their tobacco crops were successful and quickly made the new colony profitable. However, given the incidence of ], ] and ], life expectancy in Maryland was about 10 years less than in ].<ref name=iha> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322155310/http://www.ushistory.org/us/5a.asp |date=March 22, 2016 }}</ref>
			| div_3 = Montgomery County, Maryland{{!}}Montgomery
			| pop_3 = 91,249
			| img_3 = Germantown Library, Germantown, Maryland LCCN2012630021.jpg
			| city_4 = Waldorf, Maryland{{!}}Waldorf
	====Persecution of Catholics====
			| div_4 = Charles County, Maryland{{!}}Charles
	{{See also|Plundering Time}}
			| pop_4 = 81,410
			| img_4 = Dr. Samuel Mudd House (21603494465).jpg
			| city_5 = Silver Spring, Maryland{{!}}Silver Spring
	Maryland was founded for the purpose of providing religious toleration of England's ] minority.<ref name="washingtonpost.com"></ref>
			| div_5 = Montgomery County, Maryland{{!}}Montgomery
	Although Maryland was the most heavily Catholic of the England mainland colonies, this religious group was still in the minority, consisting of less than 10% of the total population.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Slavery's Capitalism: A New History of American Economic Development|last=Wilder|first=Craig Steven|publisher=University of Pennsylvania|year=2016|isbn=978-0-8122-4841-8|editor-last=Beckert|editor-first=Seth|location=Philadelphia, PA|page=233|chapter=War and Priests: Catholic Colleges and Slavery in the Age of Revolution|editor-last2=Rockman|editor-first2=Seth}}</ref>
			| pop_5 = 81,015
			| city_6 = Frederick, Maryland{{!}}Frederick
	In 1642 a number of ]s left Virginia for Maryland and founded Providence (now called ]) on the ] of the upper ].<ref>Taylor, Owen M.,''History of Annapolis'' (1872) </ref> A dispute with traders from Virginia over ] in the Chesapeake led to armed conflict. In 1644 ], a Puritan, seized Kent Island while his associate, the pro-Parliament Puritan ], took over St. Mary's.<ref>Brenner, Robert. ''Merchants and Revolution'' London:Verso. 2003, {{ISBN|1-85984-333-6}}</ref> Both used religion as a tool to gain popular support. The two years from 1644–1646 that Claiborne and his Puritan associates held sway were known as "The Plundering Time". They captured Jesuit priests, imprisoned them, then sent them back to England.
			| div_6 = Frederick County, Maryland{{!}}Frederick
			| pop_6 = 78,171
			| city_7 = Ellicott City, Maryland{{!}}Ellicott City
	In 1646 ] returned with troops, recaptured St. Mary's City, and restored order. The House of Delegates passed the "Act concerning Religion" in 1649 granting religious liberty to all Trinitarian Christians.<ref name=iha/>
			| div_7 = Howard County, Maryland{{!}}Howard
			| pop_7 = 75,947
			| city_8 = Glen Burnie, Maryland{{!}}Glen Burnie
	In 1650 the Puritans revolted against the proprietary government. "Protestants swept the Catholics out of the legislature ...and religious strife returned".<ref name=iha/>
			| div_8 = Anne Arundel County, Maryland{{!}}Anne Arundel
	The Puritans set up a new government prohibiting both ] and ]. The Puritan revolutionary government persecuted Maryland Catholics during its reign, known as the "plundering time". Mobs burned down all the original Catholic churches of southern Maryland. The Puritan rule lasted until 1658 when the Calvert family and Lord Baltimore regained proprietary control and re-enacted the Toleration Act.
			| pop_8 = 72,891
			| city_9 = Gaithersburg, Maryland{{!}}Gaithersburg
	After England's "]" of 1688, Maryland outlawed Catholicism. In 1704, the Maryland General Assembly prohibited Catholics from operating schools, limited the corporate ownership of property to hamper religious orders from expanding or supporting themselves, and encouraged the conversion of Catholic children.<ref name=":0" /> The celebration of the Catholic sacraments was also officially restricted. This state of affairs lasted until after the ] (1775–1783). Wealthy Catholic planters built chapels on their land to practice their religion in relative secrecy.
			| div_9 = Montgomery County, Maryland{{!}}Montgomery
			| pop_9 = 69,657
			| city_10 = Bethesda, Maryland{{!}}Bethesda
	Into the 18th century, individual priests and lay leaders claimed Maryland farms belonging to the Jesuits as personal property and bequeathed these and other properties to other religious or lay people in order to evade the legal restrictions on religious organizations&nbsp;– such as the Society of Jesus&nbsp;– owning property.<ref name=":0" />
			| div_10 = Montgomery County, Maryland{{!}}Montgomery
			| pop_10 = 68,056
			}}
	===Border disputes (1681–1760)===
	{{main|Penn–Calvert Boundary Dispute|Cresap's War}}
	The royal charter granted Maryland the land north of the ] up to the ]. A problem arose when ] granted a charter for ]. The grant defined Pennsylvania's southern border as identical to Maryland's northern border, the 40th parallel. But the grant indicated that Charles II and ] assumed the 40th parallel would pass close to ] when it falls north of ], the site of which Penn had already selected for his colony's capital city. Negotiations ensued after the problem was discovered in 1681.
	A compromise proposed by Charles II in 1682 was undermined by Penn's receiving the additional grant of what is now Delaware.<ref name=hubbard>{{Cite book|last= Hubbard |first= Bill, Jr. |title= American Boundaries: the Nation, the States, the Rectangular Survey |year= 2009 |publisher= University of Chicago Press |isbn= 978-0-226-35591-7 |pages= 21–23}}</ref> Penn successfully argued that the Maryland charter entitled Lord Baltimore only to unsettled lands, and Dutch settlement in Delaware predated his charter. The dispute remained unresolved for nearly a century, carried on by the descendants of William Penn and Lord Baltimore&nbsp;— the ], which controlled Maryland, and the ], which controlled Pennsylvania.<ref name=hubbard/>
	The border dispute with Pennsylvania led to Cresap's War in the 1730s. Hostilities erupted in 1730 and escalated through the first half of the decade, culminating in the deployment of military forces by Maryland in 1736 and by Pennsylvania in 1737. The armed phase of the conflict ended in May 1738 with the intervention of King George II, who compelled the negotiation of a cease-fire. A provisional agreement had been established in 1732.<ref name=hubbard/>
	Negotiations continued until a final agreement was signed in 1760. The agreement defined the border between Maryland and Pennsylvania as the line of latitude now known as the ]. Maryland's border with Delaware was based on a ] and the ] around New Castle.<ref name=hubbard/>
	===18th century===
	{{Main|Maryland in the American Revolution}}
	Most of the English colonists arrived in Maryland as ]s, and had to serve a several years' term as laborers to pay for their passage.<ref>" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100104180311/http://www.folger.edu/html/folger_institute/jamestown/c_shifflet.htm |date=January 4, 2010 }}". Crandall Shifflett, ''Virginia Tech''.</ref> In the early years, the line between indentured servants and African slaves or laborers was fluid, and white and black laborers commonly lived and worked together, and formed unions. ] children born to white mothers were considered free by the principle of '']'', by which children took the social status of their mothers, a principle of slave law that was adopted throughout the colonies, following Virginia in 1662. During the colonial era, families of ] were formed most often by unions of white women and African men.<ref name="Heinegg"/>
	] (left) and Baron von Closen on their way to Yorktown, September 1781]]
	Many of the free black families migrated to Delaware, where land was cheaper.<ref name="Heinegg">. Retrieved February 15, 2008.</ref> As the flow of indentured laborers to the colony decreased with improving economic conditions in England, planters in Maryland imported thousands more slaves and racial caste lines hardened. The economy's growth and prosperity was based on slave labor, devoted first to the production of ] as the commodity crop.
	Maryland was one of the ] that revolted against British rule in the ]. Near the end of the ] (1775–1783), on February 2, 1781, Maryland became the last and 13th state to approve the ratification of the ], first proposed in 1776 and adopted by the ] in 1778, which brought into being the United States as a united, ] and ]. It also became the seventh state admitted to the Union after ratifying the new federal Constitution in 1788. In December 1790, Maryland donated land selected by first President ] to the federal government for the creation of the new national capital of ] The land was provided along the north shore of the ] from ] and ] counties, as well as from ] and ] on the south shore of the Potomac in ]; however, the land donated by the Commonwealth of Virginia was later returned to that state by the ] in 1846.
	===19th century===
	{{original research|section|date=May 2014}}
	] in Baltimore inspired the song, "]".]]
	Influenced by a changing economy, revolutionary ideals, and preaching by ministers, numerous planters in Maryland freed their slaves in the 20 years after the ]. Across the Upper South the free black population increased from less than 1% before the war to 14% by 1810.<ref name="Kolchin"/>
	During the ], the British military attempted to capture Baltimore, which was protected by ]. During this bombardment the song "]" was written by ]; it was later adopted as the national anthem.
	The National Road (U.S. Hwy 40 today) was authorized in 1817 and ran from Baltimore to St. Louis&nbsp;– the first federal highway.
	The ] (B&O) was the first chartered railroad in the United States. It opened its first section of track for regular operation in 1830 between Baltimore and Ellicott City,<ref name="Dilts">{{cite book |title=The Great Road: The Building of the Baltimore and Ohio, the Nation's First Railroad, 1828–1853 |last=Dilts |first=James D. |year=1993 |publisher=Stanford University Press |location=Palo Alto, CA |isbn=0-8047-2235-8 |page=80}}</ref> and in 1852 it became the first rail line to reach the ] from the eastern seaboard.<ref name="Stover">{{cite book | last = Stover | first = John F. | title = History of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad | publisher = Purdue University Press | year = 1987 | location = West Lafayette, IN | isbn = 0-911198-81-4 |page=18}}</ref>
	====Civil War====
	{{main|Maryland in the American Civil War}}
	The state remained with the Union during the Civil War,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://civilwarmonths.com/2016/04/29/maryland-remains-in-the-union/ |title=Maryland Remains in the Union |access-date=July 7, 2016 |date=April 29, 2016 |publisher=Walter Coffey |author=Walter Coffey |website=The Civil War Months }}</ref> due in significant part to demographics and Federal intervention. The 1860 census, held shortly before the outbreak of the civil war, showed that 49% of Maryland's African Americans were ]s.<ref name="Kolchin">Peter Kolchin, ''American Slavery: 1619–1877'', New York: Hill and Wang, 1993, pp. 81–82</ref>
	] was the single bloodiest day of the ] with nearly 23,000 casualties.]]
	Governor ] suspended the state legislature, and to help ensure the election of a new pro-union governor and legislature, President ] had a number of its ] arrested, including the Mayor of Baltimore, ]; suspended several civil liberties, including ''habeas corpus''; and ordered artillery placed on ] overlooking Baltimore. Historians debate the constitutionality of these wartime actions, and the suspension of civil liberties was later deemed illegal by the ].{{citation needed|date=March 2016}}
	In April 1861 Federal units and state regiments were attacked as they marched through Baltimore, sparking the ], the first bloodshed in the Civil War.<ref>{{cite web | last=Vogler | first=Mark E. | title=Civil War Guard on duty in Baltimore to save President Street Station | url=http://www.eagletribune.com/punews/local_story_107204538.html | date=April 18, 2009 | archiveurl=https://archive.is/20090419134532/http://www.eagletribune.com/punews/local_story_107204538.html | archivedate=April 19, 2009 |deadurl=yes | work=eagletribune.com | publisher=Eagle Tribune | accessdate=April 28, 2015 }}</ref> Of the 115,000 men from Maryland who joined the military during the Civil War, 85,000, or 77%, joined the ], while the remainder joined the ].{{citation needed|date=March 2016}} The largest and most significant battle in the state was the ] on September 17, 1862, near ]. Although a tactical draw, the battle was considered a strategic Union victory and a ] of the war.
	====After the war====
	A new state constitution in 1864 ] slavery and Maryland was first recognized as a "Free State" in that context.<ref name=freestate>{{cite web |url=http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/html/nickname.html |title=Maryland at a Glance: Nicknames |publisher=Maryland State Archives |date=September 29, 2015 |access-date=February 8, 2018 }}</ref> Following passage of constitutional amendments that granted voting rights to ], in 1867 the state extended suffrage to non-white males.
	The ] rapidly regained power in the state from ]. Democrats replaced the Constitution of 1864 with the ]. Following the end of Reconstruction in 1877, Democrats devised means of ] blacks, initially by physical intimidation and voter fraud, later by constitutional amendments and laws.
	Blacks and immigrants, however, resisted Democratic Party disfranchisement efforts in the state. Maryland blacks were part of a biracial Republican coalition elected to state government in 1896–1904 and comprised 20% of the electorate.<ref name="tuck">, Spring 2013, reading for "Challenges of Democratization", by Brandon Kendhammer, Ohio University</ref>
			== Demographics ==
	Compared to some other states, blacks were better established both before and after the civil war. Nearly half the black population was free before the war, and some had accumulated property. Half the population lived in cities. Literacy was high among blacks and, as Democrats crafted means to exclude them, suffrage campaigns helped reach blacks and teach them how to resist.<ref name="tuck"/> Whites did impose ] in public facilities and ] laws, which effectively lasted until passage of federal civil rights legislation in the mid-1960s.
	Baltimore grew significantly during the ], due in large part to its seaport and good railroad connections, attracting European immigrant labor. Many manufacturing businesses were established in the Baltimore area after the Civil War. Baltimore businessmen, including ], ], ], and ], founded notable city institutions that bear their names, including a university, library, music school and art museum.
	Cumberland was Maryland's second-largest city in the 19th century. Nearby supplies of natural resources along with railroads fostered its growth into a major manufacturing center.<ref name="WDL">{{cite web |url = http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11374/ |title = Bird's Eye View of Cumberland, Maryland 1906 |website = ] |year = 1906 |access-date = July 22, 2013 }}</ref>
	===20th and 21st centuries===
	{{original research|section|date=May 2014}}
	====Early 20th century====
	The ] of the late 19th and early 20th centuries brought political reforms. In a series of laws passed between 1892 and 1908, reformers worked for standard state-issued ballots (rather than those distributed and marked by the parties); obtained closed voting booths to prevent party workers from "assisting" voters; initiated ]s to keep party bosses from selecting candidates; and had candidates listed without party symbols, which discouraged the ] from participating. These measures worked against ill-educated whites and blacks. Blacks resisted such efforts, with suffrage groups conducting voter education.
	Blacks defeated three efforts to disfranchise them, making alliances with immigrants to resist various Democratic campaigns.<ref name="tuck"/> Disfranchising bills in 1905, 1907, and 1911 were rebuffed, in large part because of black opposition. Blacks comprised 20% of the electorate and immigrants comprised 15%, and the legislature had difficulty devising requirements against blacks that did not also disadvantage immigrants.<ref name="tuck"/>
	The Progressive Era also brought reforms in working conditions for Maryland's labor force. In 1902 the state regulated conditions in ]; outlawed ]ers under the age of 12; mandated compulsory school attendance; and enacted the nation's first ] law. The workers' compensation law was overturned in the courts, but was redrafted and finally enacted in 1910.
	The ] of 1904 burned for more than 30 hours, destroying 1,526 buildings and spanning 70 city blocks. More than 1,231 ]s worked to bring the blaze under control.
	With the nation's ] in 1917, new military bases such as ], the ], and the ] were established. Existing facilities, including ], were greatly expanded.
	After Georgia congressman ] criticized Maryland openly in 1923 for not passing ] laws, ''Baltimore Sun'' editor Hamilton Owens coined the "Free State" nickname for Maryland in that context, which was popularized by ] in a series of newspaper editorials.<ref name=freestate /><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/ph-ce-eagle-archive-1008-20121003-story.html |newspaper=The Baltimore Sun |date=October 7, 2012 |first=Kevin |last=Dayhoff |title=Eagle Archive: Here's a toast to Maryland's origins as 'The Free State' |access-date=February 8, 2018 }}</ref>
	Maryland's urban and rural communities had different experiences during the ]. The "]" marched through the state in 1932 on its way to Washington, D.C. Maryland instituted its first ever ] in 1937 to generate revenue for schools and welfare.<ref>
	{{cite web
	| url = http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1093&context=mlr
	| title = History and Constitutionality of the Maryland Income Tax Law
	| last1 = Cairns
	| first1 = Huntington
	| date = December 1937
	| editor1-link = smccarty@law.umaryland.edu
	| website = Maryland Law Review
	| series = Legal History, Theory and Process Commons
	| publisher = UM Carey Law
	| at = pp. 1, 6
	| access-date = August 19, 2015
	| quote = "...1937 Special Session of the Maryland Legislature imposed an income tax...expenditure of public funds for the benefit of able-bodied persons whose inability to support themselves arises from the prevalence of wide-spread unemployment."
	}}</ref>
	Baltimore was a major war production center during ]. The biggest operations were ]'s Fairfield Yard, which built ]s; and ], an aircraft manufacturer.
	====1950–present====
	Maryland experienced population growth following World War II, particularly in the Baltimore and Washington, D.C. suburbs. Agricultural tracts gave way to residential communities such as ] and ]. Concurrently the ] was built throughout the state, most notably ] and the ], altering travel patterns. In 1952 the eastern and western halves of Maryland were linked for the first time by the ], which replaced a nearby ] service.<ref name="baybridge.com-history">{{cite web|url=http://www.baybridge.com/cms/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=16&Itemid=|title=William Preston Lane Jr. Memorial Bay Bridge – History|publisher=baybridge.com| accessdate=February 5, 2008}}</ref>
	Maryland's regions experienced economic changes following WWII. Heavy manufacturing declined in Baltimore. In Maryland's four westernmost counties, industrial, railroad, and coal mining jobs declined. On the lower ], family farms were bought up by major concerns and large-scale poultry farms and vegetable farming became prevalent. In Southern Maryland, tobacco farming nearly vanished due to suburban development and a state tobacco buy-out program.
	In an effort to reverse depopulation due to the loss of working-class industries, Baltimore initiated ] projects in the 1960s with ] and the ]. Some resulted in the break-up of intact residential neighborhoods, producing social volatility, and some older residential areas around the harbor have had units renovated and have become popular with new populations.
	==Demographics==
	{{See also|List of counties in Maryland|List of incorporated places in Maryland|List of census-designated places in Maryland}}		{{See also|List of counties in Maryland|List of incorporated places in Maryland|List of census-designated places in Maryland}}
			]]]
			{{US Census population
			|1790= 319728
			|1800= 341548
			|1810= 380546
			|1820= 407350
			|1830= 447040
			|1840= 470019
			|1850= 583034
			|1860= 687049
			|1870= 780894
			|1880= 934943
			|1890= 1042390
			|1900= 1188044
			|1910= 1295346
			|1920= 1449661
			|1930= 1631526
			|1940= 1821244
			|1950= 2343001
			|1960= 3100689
			|1970= 3922399
			|1980= 4216975
			|1990= 4781468
			|2000= 5296486
			|2010= 5773552
			|2020= 6177224
			| estimate = 6180253
			| estyear = 2023
			| align-fn = center
			|footnote=Source: 1910–2020<ref name="censusdata">{{cite web |title=Historical Population Change Data (1910–2020) |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html |website=Census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=May 1, 2021 |archive-date=April 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429012609/https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
	]]]
			}}
	]
	The ] estimates that the population of Maryland was 6,006,401 on July 1, 2015, a 4.03% increase since the ].<ref name="PopEstUS">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2015/tables/NST-EST2015-01.csv |format=CSV |title=Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015 |date=December 24, 2015 |publisher=] |accessdate=December 24, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223235718/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2015/tables/NST-EST2015-01.csv |archivedate=December 23, 2015 |df=mdy }}</ref>
	In 2015 Maryland had an estimated population of 6,006,401, which is an increase of 29,994, from the prior year and an increase of 232,849, or 4.03% percent, since 2010. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 189,158 people (that is 464,251 births minus 275,093 deaths) and an increase due to net migration of 116,713 people into the state. ] from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 129,730 people, and migration within the country produced a net loss of 13,017 people.
	The ] of Maryland is located on the county line between ] and ], in the ] of ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Population and Population Centers by State&nbsp;– 2000 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=December 5, 2008 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011212170351/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt |dead-url=yes |archive-date=December 12, 2001 }}</ref>		In the ], the ] found that population of Maryland was 6,185,278 people, a 7.1% increase from the ].<ref name="censusdata"/> The United States Census Bureau estimated that the population of Maryland was 6,045,680 on July 1, 2019, a 4.71% increase from the 2010 United States census and an increase of 2,962, from the prior year. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 269,166 (464,251 births minus 275,093 deaths) and an increase due to net migration of 116,713 people into the state. ] from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 129,730 people, and migration within the country produced a net loss of 13,017 people.<ref name="PopEstUS">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/md,US/PST045218|title=QuickFacts Maryland; United States|website=2018 Population Estimates|publisher=], Population Division|date=February 7, 2019|access-date=February 7, 2019|archive-date=February 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209123843/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/md,US/PST045218|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, The top countries of origin for Maryland's immigrants were ] (11%), ] (6%), ] (5%), ] (5%), and the ] (4%).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_maryland.pdf|title=Immigrants in Maryland|website=American Immigration Council|year=2020|access-date=August 12, 2023|archive-date=August 11, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811224047/https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_maryland.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The ] of Maryland is located on the county line between ] and ], in the ] of ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Population and Population Centers by State—2000 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=December 5, 2008 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011212170351/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 12, 2001 }}</ref>
	Maryland's history as a ] has led it to exhibit characteristics of both the ] and ] regions of the United States. Generally, rural ] between the ] and ] has an ]n culture; the ] and Eastern Shore regions of Maryland embody a ],<ref>{{cite web		Maryland's history as a ] has led it to exhibit characteristics of both the ] and the ] regions of the United States. Generally, rural ] between the ] and ] has an ]n culture; the ] and Eastern Shore regions of Maryland embody a ],<ref>{{cite web
	|title = The South As It's{{Sic|nolink=y}} Own Nation		|title = The South As It's{{Sic|nolink=y}} Own Nation
	|publisher = League of the South		|publisher = League of the South
	|year = 2004		|year = 2004
	|url = http://dixienet.org/New%20Site/thesouthasitsownnation.shtml		|url = http://dixienet.org/New%20Site/thesouthasitsownnation.shtml
	|accessdate = May 23, 2008		|access-date = May 23, 2008
	|quote = On the other hand, areas beyond these thirteen States maintain their Southern culture to varying degrees. Much of Missouri remains basically Southern, as do parts of southern Maryland and Maryland's eastern shore.		|quote = On the other hand, areas beyond these thirteen States maintain their Southern culture to varying degrees. Much of Missouri remains basically Southern, as do parts of southern Maryland and Maryland's eastern shore.
			|url-status = dead
	|deadurl = yes
	|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080605104450/http://dixienet.org/New%20Site/thesouthasitsownnation.shtml		|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080605104450/http://dixienet.org/New%20Site/thesouthasitsownnation.shtml
	|archivedate = June 5, 2008		|archive-date = June 5, 2008
	|df = mdy-all		|df = mdy-all
	}}</ref>		}}</ref>
			while densely populated Central Maryland – radiating outward from ] and ] – has more in common with that of the ].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Beck |first1=John |last2=Randall |first2=Aaron |last3=Frandsen |first3=Wendy |name-list-style=amp |title=Southern Culture: An Introduction |date=June 27, 2007 |location=Durham, North Carolina |publisher=Carolina Academic Press |pages=14–15 |url=http://www.cap-press.com/pdf/1517.pdf |access-date=May 23, 2008 |quote=Kentucky, Missouri, West Virginia, and Maryland – slaveholding states and regions before the Civil War that did not secede from the Union – are also often included as part of the South. As border states, these states always were crossroads of values and customs, and today parts of Maryland seem to have become part of the 'Northeast'. |archive-date=July 8, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708114653/http://www.cap-press.com/pdf/1517.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The U.S. Census Bureau designates Maryland as one of the ], but it is commonly associated with the ] and ] by other federal agencies, the media, and some residents.<ref name="LOC">{{cite web|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/gmdhtml/rrhtml/regdef.html|title=Regions of the United States|website=American Memory|publisher=The Library of Congress|access-date=August 11, 2009|archive-date=May 28, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528102347/http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/gmdhtml/rrhtml/regdef.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="EPA">{{cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/region03/index.htm|title=Region 3: The Mid-Atlantic States|publisher=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency|access-date=August 11, 2009|archive-date=July 27, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727035138/http://www.epa.gov/region03/index.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="FBI">{{cite web|url=https://www.fbi.gov/contact/fo/fo.htm |title=Your Local FBI Office |publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation |access-date=August 11, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815093807/http://www.fbi.gov/contact/fo/fo.htm |archive-date=August 15, 2009 }}</ref><ref name="amtrak">{{cite web|url=http://www.amtrak.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=Amtrak/Page/Browse_Routes_Page&c=Page&cid=1081256321410&ssid=134|title=Routes Serving the Northeast|publisher=National Railroad Passenger Corporation|access-date=August 11, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815025107/http://www.amtrak.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=Amtrak%2FPage%2FBrowse_Routes_Page&c=Page&cid=1081256321410&ssid=134|archive-date=August 15, 2009}}</ref><ref name="princeton">{{cite web|url=http://www.princetonreview.com/best-regional-colleges.aspx|title=Best Regional Colleges|website=The Princeton Review|access-date=August 11, 2009|archive-date=February 6, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206170031/http://www.princetonreview.com/best-regional-colleges.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>
	while densely populated Central Maryland—radiating outward from ] and ]—has more in common with that of the ].<ref>{{cite web
	|author1=Beck, John |author2=Randall, Aaron |author3=Frandsen, Wendy |last-author-amp=yes | title = Southern Culture: An Introduction
			According to ]'s 2022 ], there were an estimated 5,349 ] people in Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2007-2022 PIT Counts by State |url=https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huduser.gov%2Fportal%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fxls%2F2007-2022-PIT-Counts-by-State.xlsx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK |access-date=March 11, 2023 |archive-date=March 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314020239/https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huduser.gov%2Fportal%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fxls%2F2007-2022-PIT-Counts-by-State.xlsx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The 2022 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress |url=https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2022-AHAR-Part-1.pdf |access-date=March 11, 2023 |archive-date=March 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311234217/https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2022-AHAR-Part-1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
	| date = June 27, 2007
	| location = Durham, North Carolina
	| format = PDF
	| publisher = Carolina Academic Press
	| pages = 14–15
	| url = http://www.cap-press.com/pdf/1517.pdf
	| accessdate = May 23, 2008
	| quote = Kentucky, Missouri, West Virginia and Maryland&nbsp;—slaveholding states and regions before the Civil War that did not secede from the Union&nbsp;– are also often included as part of the South. As border states, these states always were crossroads of values and customs, and today parts of Maryland seem to have become part of the "Northeast."
	}}</ref>
	The U.S. Census Bureau designates Maryland as one of the ], but it is commonly associated with the ] and/or ] by other federal agencies, the media, and some residents.<ref name="LOC">{{cite web|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/gmdhtml/rrhtml/regdef.html|title=Regions of the United States|work=American Memory|publisher=The Library of Congress|accessdate=August 11, 2009}}</ref><ref name="EPA">{{cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/region03/index.htm|title=Region 3: The Mid-Atlantic States|work=www.epa.gov|publisher=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency|accessdate=August 11, 2009}}</ref><ref name="FBI">{{cite web|url=https://www.fbi.gov/contact/fo/fo.htm |title=Your Local FBI Office |work=www.fbi.gov |publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation |accessdate=August 11, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815093807/http://www.fbi.gov/contact/fo/fo.htm |archivedate=August 15, 2009 |df=mdy }}</ref><ref name="amtrak">{{cite web|url=http://www.amtrak.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=Amtrak/Page/Browse_Routes_Page&c=Page&cid=1081256321410&ssid=134|title=Routes Serving the Northeast|publisher=National Railroad Passenger Corporation|accessdate=August 11, 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815025107/http://www.amtrak.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=Amtrak%2FPage%2FBrowse_Routes_Page&c=Page&cid=1081256321410&ssid=134|archivedate=August 15, 2009|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="princeton">{{cite web|url=http://www.princetonreview.com/best-regional-colleges.aspx|title=Best Regional Colleges|work=www.princetonreview.com|publisher=The Princeton Review|accessdate=August 11, 2009}}</ref>
	===Birth data===		===Birth data===
	As of 2011, 58.0 percent of Maryland's population younger than age 1 were non-white.<ref>"". '']''. June 3, 2012.</ref>		As of 2011, 58.0 percent of Maryland's population younger than age{{spaces}}1 were minority background.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/index.ssf/2012/06/americas_under_age_1_populatio.html |title=Americans under age{{spaces}}1 now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio: Statistical Snapshot |newspaper=] |date=June 3, 2012 |access-date=February 19, 2020 |first=Rich |last=Exner |archive-date=July 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160714084214/http://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/index.ssf/2012/06/americas_under_age_1_populatio.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
	''Note: Births in table don't add up, because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number.''		''Note: Births in the table do not add up because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number.''
	{| class="wikitable"		{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
	|+ Live Births by Single Race/Ethnicity of Mother		|+ Live births by single race/ethnicity of mother
	|-		|-
	! ]		! ]
			! 2013<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_01.pdf#page=35 |journal=National Vital Statistics Reports |title=Births: Final Data for 2013 |date=January 15, 2015 |publisher=National Center for Health Statistics |volume=64 |number=1 |access-date=February 19, 2020 |pages=35–36 |archive-date=September 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911162514/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_01.pdf#page=35 |url-status=live }}</ref>
	! 2013<ref>https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_01.pdf</ref>
			! 2014<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_12.pdf#page=35 |journal=National Vital Statistics Reports |title=Births: Final Data for 2014 |date=December 23, 2015 |publisher=National Center for Health Statistics |volume=64 |number=12 |access-date=February 19, 2020 |pages=35–36 |archive-date=February 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214040341/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_12.pdf#page=35 |url-status=live }}</ref>
	! 2014<ref>https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_12.pdf</ref>
			! 2015<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr66/nvsr66_01.pdf#page=38 |journal=National Vital Statistics Reports |title=Births: Final Data for 2015 |date=January 5, 2017 |publisher=National Center for Health Statistics |volume=66 |number=1 |access-date=February 19, 2020 |pages=38, 40 |archive-date=August 31, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831155911/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr66/nvsr66_01.pdf#page=38 |url-status=live }}</ref>
	! 2015<ref>https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr66/nvsr66_01.pdf</ref>
			! 2016<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_01.pdf#page=25 |journal=National Vital Statistics Reports |title=Births: Final Data for 2016 |date=January 31, 2018 |publisher=National Center for Health Statistics |volume=67 |number=1 |access-date=February 19, 2020 |page=25 |archive-date=June 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603002249/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_01.pdf#page=25 |url-status=live }}</ref>
	! 2016<ref>https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_01.pdf</ref>
			! 2017<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_08-508.pdf#page=20 |journal=National Vital Statistics Reports |title=Births: Final Data for 2017 |date=November 7, 2018 |publisher=National Center for Health Statistics |volume=67 |number=8 |access-date=February 19, 2020 |page=20 |archive-date=February 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201210916/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_08-508.pdf#page=20 |url-status=live }}</ref>
			! 2018<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr68/nvsr68_13-508.pdf#page=20 |journal=National Vital Statistics Reports |title=Births: Final Data for 2018 |date=November 27, 2019 |publisher=National Center for Health Statistics |volume=68 |number=13 |access-date=February 19, 2020 |page=20 |archive-date=November 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128161211/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr68/nvsr68_13-508.pdf#page=20 |url-status=live }}</ref>
			! 2019<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr70/nvsr70-02-508.pdf |journal=National Vital Statistics Reports |title=Births: Final Data for 2019 |date=March 23, 2021 |volume=70 |issue=2 |first1=Joyce A. |last1=Martin |first2=Brady E. |last2=Hamilton |first3=Michelle J.K. |last3=Osterman |first4=Anne K. |last4=Driscoll |pages=1–51 |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |pmid=33814033 |access-date=March 30, 2021 |archive-date=June 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623200707/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr70/nvsr70-02-508.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
			! 2020<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr70/nvsr70-17.pdf |title=Data |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |access-date=February 20, 2022 |archive-date=February 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210175206/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr70/NVSR70-17.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
			! 2021<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr72/nvsr72-01.pdf |title=Data |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |access-date=February 3, 2022 |archive-date=February 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201003942/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr72/nvsr72-01.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
			! 2022<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr73/nvsr73-02.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=2024-04-05 |archive-date=April 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404230758/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr73/nvsr73-02.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
	|-		|-
	| ]:		| ]:
Line 594:		Line 623:
	| 42,525 (57.5%)		| 42,525 (57.5%)
	| 42,471 (57.7%)		| 42,471 (57.7%)
			| ...
			| ...
			| ...
			| ...
			| ...
			| ...
	| ...		| ...
	|-		|-
Line 601:		Line 636:
	| 32,412 (44.0%)		| 32,412 (44.0%)
	| 31,278 (42.8%)		| 31,278 (42.8%)
			| 29,809 (41.6%)
			| 29,585 (41.6%)
			| 28,846 (41.1%)
			| 28,060 (40.9%)
			| 28,193 (41.3%)
			| 27,333 (39.7%)
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
Line 607:		Line 648:
	| 25,017 (34.0%)		| 25,017 (34.0%)
	| 22,829 (31.2%)		| 22,829 (31.2%)
			| 22,327 (31.1%)
			| 21,893 (30.8%)
			| 21,494 (30.6%)
			| 20,869 (30.4%)
			| 20,449 (29.9%)
			| 20,438 (29.7%)
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
Line 613:		Line 660:
	| 5,849 (7.9%)		| 5,849 (7.9%)
	| 5,282 (7.2%)		| 5,282 (7.2%)
			| 5,276 (7.3%)
			| 4,928 (6.9%)
			| 4,928 (7.0%)
			| 4,595 (6.7%)
			| 4,431 (6.5%)
			| 4,480 (6.5%)
	|-		|-
	| ]		| ]
Line 619:		Line 672:
	| 279 (0.4%)		| 279 (0.4%)
	| 104 (0.1%)		| 104 (0.1%)
			| 127 (0.2%)
			| 114 (0.2%)
			| 113 (0.2%)
			| 79 (0.1%)
			| 83 (0.1%)
			| 113 (0.2%)
	|-		|-
	| '']'' (of any race)		| '']'' (of any race)
	| ''10,515 (14.6%)''		| ''10,515'' (14.6%)
	| ''10,974 (14.8%)''		| ''10,974'' (14.8%)
	| ''11,750 (16.0%)''		| ''11,750'' (16.0%)
	| ''11,872 (16.2%)''		| ''11,872'' (16.2%)
			| ''12,223'' (17.1%)
			| ''12,470'' (17.5%)
			| ''12,872'' (18.3%)
			| ''13,034'' (19.0%)
			| ''13,164'' (19.3%)
			| ''14,398'' (20.9%)
	|-		|-
	| '''Total Maryland'''		| '''Total Maryland'''
Line 631:		Line 696:
	| '''73,616''' (100%)		| '''73,616''' (100%)
	| '''73,136''' (100%)		| '''73,136''' (100%)
			| '''71,641''' (100%)
			| '''71,080''' (100%)
			| '''70,178''' (100%)
			| '''68,554''' (100%)
			| '''68,285''' (100%)
			| '''68,782''' (100%)
	|}		|}
	*Since 2016, data for births of ] origin are not collected, but included in one ''Hispanic'' group; persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.		Since 2016, data for births of ] origin are not collected, but included in one ''Hispanic'' group; persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
			{| class="wikitable floatright"
	===Language===
			|+Country of birth (2022)<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 1, 2015 |title=Immigrants in Maryland |url=https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/research/immigrants-in-maryland |access-date=January 30, 2023 |website=American Immigration Council |language=en |archive-date=January 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130164429/https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/research/immigrants-in-maryland |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Biggest sources of immigrants to Maryland |url=https://stacker.com/maryland/biggest-sources-immigrants-maryland |access-date=January 30, 2023 |website=Stacker |language=en |archive-date=January 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130155933/https://stacker.com/maryland/biggest-sources-immigrants-maryland |url-status=live }}</ref>
			! Birthplace !! Population
			|-
			| United States || 4,999,873
			|-
			| {{Flag|El Salvador}}|| 105,778
			|-
			| {{Flag|India}}|| 60,535
			|-
			| {{Flag|China}}|| 43,499
			|-
			| {{Flag|Nigeria}}|| 39,185
			|-
			| {{Flag|Guatemala}}|| 38,222
			|-
			| {{Flag|Philippines}}|| 37,020
			|-
			| {{Flag|South Korea}}|| 34,091
			|-
			| {{Flag|Mexico}}|| 33,833
			|-
			| {{Flag|Ethiopia}}|| 28,554
			|-
			| {{Flag|Jamaica}}|| 26,068
			|-
			| {{Flag|Honduras}}|| 21,991
			|-
			| {{Flag|Cameroon}}|| 19,934
			|-
			| {{Flag|Vietnam}}|| 19,082
			|-
			|{{Flag|Peru}}
			|17,414
			|-
			|{{Flag|Pakistan}}
			|16,386
			|-
			|{{Flag|Ghana}}
			|14,722
			|-
			|{{Flag|Dominican Republic}}
			|13,880
			|-
			|{{Flag|Nepal}}
			|8,646-25,000{{Efn|As of 2022–2023, there were only 8,646 Nepali immigrants in Maryland; however, numerous sources cite the number of Nepali or Nepali-Bhutanese immigrants and refugees in Maryland as between 20,000 and 25,000, considering that the community has often been undercounted.}}
			|}
			===Language and ancestry===
	] (including ]) is the second-most-spoken language in Maryland, after ]. The third- and fourth-most-spoken languages are ] (including ] and ]) and ]. Other commonly spoken languages include various ], ], ], ], ], ], ], various ], ], ] and other ], ] and ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.city-data.com/states/Maryland-Languages.html |title=Maryland Languages |publisher=City-Data |access-date=September 14, 2016 }}</ref>
			{{Pie chart
			| caption= Racial makeup of Maryland excluding Hispanics from racial categories (2019)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=B03002&g=0400000US24&tid=ACSDT1Y2019.B03002&hidePreview=true|title=B03002 Hispanic or Latino Origin by Race—Maryland—2019 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates|date=July 1, 2019|publisher=]|access-date=November 6, 2020|archive-date=March 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304223843/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=B03002&g=0400000US24&tid=ACSDT1Y2019.B03002&hidePreview=true|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
	===Settlements===
			''NH = Non-Hispanic''
	{{See also|Maryland statistical areas}}
			| label1 = White NH
	]
			| value1 = 49.82| color2=#36A
	Most of the population of Maryland lives in the central region of the state, in the ] and ], both of which are part of the ].
			| label2 = Black NH
	The majority of Maryland's population is concentrated in the cities and suburbs surrounding ], as well as in and around Maryland's most populous city, ]. Historically, these and many other Maryland cities developed along the ], the line along which rivers, brooks, and streams are interrupted by rapids and/or waterfalls. Maryland's capital city, ], is one exception to this pattern, since it lies along the banks of the ], close to where it empties into the ].
			| value2 = 29.75 | color1=#6A5
			| label3 = Asian NH
	The Eastern Shore is less populous and more rural, as are the counties of western Maryland. The two ] counties of Maryland, ] and ], are mountainous and sparsely populated, resembling West Virginia and ] more than they do the rest of Maryland. Both eastern and western Maryland are, however, dotted with cities of regional importance, such as ], ], and ] on the ] and ], ], and ] in ].
			| value3 = 6.35 | color3=#1A9
	Southern Maryland is still somewhat rural, but suburbanization from Washington, D.C. has encroached significantly since the 1960s; important local population centers include ], ], and ].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/P1000II5.TXT?ZyActionD=ZyDocument&Client=EPA&Index=2000+Thru+2005&Docs=&Query=&Time=&EndTime=&SearchMethod=1&TocRestrict=n&Toc=&TocEntry=&QField=&QFieldYear=&QFieldMonth=&QFieldDay=&IntQFieldOp=0&ExtQFieldOp=0&XmlQuery=&File=D%3A%5Czyfiles%5CIndex%20Data%5C00thru05%5CTxt%5C00000014%5CP1000II5.txt&User=ANONYMOUS&Password=anonymous&SortMethod=h%7C-&MaximumDocuments=1&FuzzyDegree=0&ImageQuality=r75g8/r75g8/x150y150g16/i425&Display=hpfr&DefSeekPage=x&SearchBack=ZyActionL&Back=ZyActionS&BackDesc=Results%20page&MaximumPages=1&ZyEntry=1&SeekPage=x&ZyPURL | title=Calvert County, Maryland's Success in Controlling Sprawl | publisher=Environmental Protection Agency | accessdate=September 3, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/local/longterm/library/growth/part1/southmd.htm | title=On Edge | work=The Washington Post | date=February 16, 1997 | accessdate=September 3, 2016 | author=Shields, Todd}}</ref>
			| label4 = Native American NH
			| value4 = 0.25 | color4=#928
	{{Largest cities of Maryland}}
			| label5 = Pacific Islander NH
			| value5 = 0.04| color5=#122
	===Ancestry===
			| label6 = Two or more races NH
	{{US Census population
			| value6 = 2.85 | color6=#00FFFF
	|1790= 319728
			| label7 = Other NH
	|1800= 341548
			| value7 = 0.31 | color7=#E94196
	|1810= 380546
			| label8 = Hispanic Any Race
	|1820= 407350
			| value8 = 10.64 | color8=#9400D3
	|1830= 447040
	|1840= 470019
	|1850= 583034
	|1860= 687049
	|1870= 780894
	|1880= 934943
	|1890= 1042390
	|1900= 1188044
	|1910= 1295346
	|1920= 1449661
	|1930= 1631526
	|1940= 1821244
	|1950= 2343001
	|1960= 3100689
	|1970= 3922399
	|1980= 4216975
	|1990= 4781468
	|2000= 5296486
	|2010= 5773552
	|estimate= 6052177
	|estyear= 2017
	|align-fn=center
	|footnote=Source: 1910–2010<ref>{{cite web|author=Resident Population Data |url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |title=Resident Population Data&nbsp;– 2010 Census |publisher=2010.census.gov |accessdate=December 24, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118011236/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |archivedate=November 18, 2011 |df=mdy }}</ref>
	}}		}}
			As of 2016, the most spoken languages in Maryland other than English were ] (9%), ] (1.2%), West African languages (mostly ] and ], 1%), ] (1%), ] (0.7%), ] (mostly ], 0.6% and ], 0.4%), and ] (0.6%). Other languages with a large number of speakers in Maryland include ] (0.4%), ] (0.4%), ] (0.3%), ] (0.3%), ] (0.3%), ] (0.3%), ] (0.2%), and ] (0.2%).<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Demographic Statistical Atlas of the United States - Statistical Atlas |url=https://statisticalatlas.com/state/Maryland/Languages |access-date=January 30, 2023 |website=statisticalatlas.com |archive-date=January 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130155521/https://statisticalatlas.com/state/Maryland/Languages |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=acutrans19 |date=September 28, 2022 |title=Top 10 Languages of Maryland |url=https://acutrans.com/top-10-languages-of-maryland/ |access-date=January 30, 2023 |website=Acutrans {{!}} Certified Translation Services |language=en-US |archive-date=January 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130155924/https://acutrans.com/top-10-languages-of-maryland/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
	{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"		{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"
	|+ '''Maryland Racial Breakdown of Population'''		|+ Racial breakdown of population of Maryland
	|-		|-
	! Racial composition !! 1970<ref name="census"/> !! 1990<ref name="census">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725044857/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=July 25, 2008 |title=Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States |author=Population Division, Laura K. Yax|publisher=}}</ref> !! 2000<ref>{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>!! 2010<ref>{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/24000.html |title=Maryland QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau |publisher= |accessdate=January 14, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207070852/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/24000.html |archivedate=February 7, 2015 |df= }}</ref>		! Racial composition !! 1970<ref name="census"/> !! 1990<ref name="census">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725044857/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 25, 2008 |title=Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States |first=Laura K. |last=Yax}}</ref> !! 2000<ref> </ref>!! 2010<ref>{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/24000.html |title=Maryland QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau |access-date=January 14, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207070852/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/24000.html |archive-date=February 7, 2015 }}</ref>
			!2020<ref name="census.gov">{{Cite web|title=QuickFacts: Maryland|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/MD/PST045219|access-date=July 16, 2021|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|language=en|archive-date=July 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726220420/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/MD/PST045219|url-status=live}}</ref>
	|-		|-
	| ] || 81.5% || 71.0% || 64.0% || 60.8%		| ] || 81.5% || 71.0% || 64.0% || 60.8%
			|58.5%
	|-		|-
	| ] || 17.8% || 24.9% || 27.9% || 29.8%		| ] || 17.8% || 24.9% || 27.9% || 29.8%
			|31.1%
	|-		|-
	| ] || 0.5% || 2.9% || 4.0% || 5.5%		| ] || 0.5% || 2.9% || 4.0% || 5.5%
			|6.7%
	|-		|-
	| ] || 0.1% || 0.3% || 0.3% || 0.3%		| ] || 0.1% || 0.3% || 0.3% || 0.3%
			|0.6%
	|-		|-
	| ] || 0.1% || 0.9% || 1.8% || 3.6%		| ] || 0.1% || 0.9% || 1.8% || 3.6%
			|–
	|-		|-
	| ] || – || – || 2.0% || 2.9%		| ] || – || – || 2.0% || 2.9%
			|2.9%
	|-		|-
	| ] || 80.4% || 69.6% || 62.1% || 54.7%		| ] || 80.4% || 69.6% || 62.1% || 54.7%
			|50.0%
	|}		|}
			]
			] findings {{col-begin}}{{col-2}}
			'''Non-Hispanic White'''
			{{legend|#dd7e6b|40–50%}}
	In 1970 the Census Bureau reported Maryland's population as 17.8 percent African-American and 80.4 percent non-Hispanic White.<ref>{{cite web|title=Maryland&nbsp;– Race and Hispanic Origin: 1790 to 1990 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html |accessdate=April 18, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725044857/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html |archivedate=July 25, 2008 |df=mdy }}</ref>
			{{legend|#cc4125|50–60%}}
	] form a sizable portion of the state's population&nbsp;– nearly 30 percent in 2010.<ref name=PopUS>{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/24000.html |title=Maryland QuickFacts |date=December 23, 2011 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |accessdate=January 14, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111154525/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/24000.html |archivedate=January 11, 2012 |df= }}</ref> Most are descendants of people transported to the area as slaves from West Africa, and many are of mixed race, including European and Native American ancestry.
	New residents of African descent include 20th-century and later immigrants from ], particularly of the ] and ] tribes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usefoundation.org/userdata/file/Research/Regions/maryland.pdf |title=Languages in Maryland |quote=Prince George's County has the highest percentage of Kru/Ibo/Yoruba speakers of any county in the nation. |format=PDF |publisher=U.S.ENGLISH Foundation, Inc |accessdate=May 22, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117073348/http://www.usefoundation.org/userdata/file/Research/Regions/maryland.pdf |archivedate=January 17, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Concentrations of African Americans live in ], ], a suburb of Washington, D.C., where many work; ], western parts of ], and the southern Eastern Shore.
			{{legend|#a61c00|60–70%}}
	The top reported ancestries by Maryland residents are: ] (15%), ] (11%), ] (8%), ] (7%), ] (6%), and ] (3%).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_12_5YR_DP02&prodType=table|title=American FactFinder – Results|author=Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS)|publisher=|accessdate=January 14, 2015}}</ref>
			{{legend|#85200c|70–80%}}
	] populations can be found ],<ref name="teaching.msa.maryland.gov">{{cite web |title=Irish Immigrants in Baltimore: Introduction, Teaching American History in Maryland |publisher=Maryland State Archives |url=http://teaching.msa.maryland.gov/000001/000000/000131/html/t131.html |access-date=May 21, 2017 }}</ref> and the Northern and Eastern suburbs of Washington D.C. in Maryland (descendents of those who moved out to the suburbs<ref name=abcswamp>{{cite web |title=Swampoodle: The neighborhood behind the play |publisher=ABC Channel 7: TBD online magazine |first=Alia E. |last=Dastagir |date=May 23, 2011 |page=2 |url=http://www.tbd.com/articles/2011/05/swampoodle-the-neighborhood-behind-the-play-61186.html |access-date=June 11, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606034415/http://www.tbd.com/articles/2011/05/swampoodle-the-neighborhood-behind-the-play-61186.html |archivedate=June 6, 2013 |df=mdy }}</ref> of Washington's once predominantly Irish neighborhoods<ref name=abcswamp /><ref>{{cite web |title=Washington, DC Genealogy Research, Resources, and Records: Irish Neighborhoods in Old Washington |website=genweb.org |url=http://www.theusgenweb.org/dcgenweb/history/irish.shtml |access-date=May 21, 2017 }}</ref>), as well as Western Maryland, where Irish immigrant laborers helped to build the B & O Railroad.<ref name="teaching.msa.maryland.gov"/> Smaller but much older Irish populations can be found in Southern Maryland, with some roots dating as far back as the early Maryland colony.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mulberry Tree: College News: EXPLORE MARYLAND'S HISTORY IN IRELAND |publisher=St. Mary's College of Maryland online magazine |date=Spring 2014 |url=http://www.smcm.edu/mulberrytree/archives/summer10/collegenews.html |access-date=June 11, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714140131/http://www.smcm.edu/mulberrytree/archives/summer10/collegenews.html |archivedate=July 14, 2014 |df=mdy }}</ref> This population, however, still remains culturally very active and yearly festivals are held.<ref>{{cite web |title=About the Celtic Society of Southern Maryland |website=CSSM.org |url=http://www.cssm.org/about-cssm/ |publisher=Celtic Society of Southern Maryland |access-date=May 21, 2017 }}</ref>
			{{legend|#5b0f00|80–90%}}
	A large percentage of the population of the ] and ] are descendants of ] ancestry. The Eastern Shore was settled by Protestants, chiefly ] and the southern counties were initially settled by English Catholics. Western and northern Maryland have large ] populations. More recent European immigrants of the late 19th and early 20th century settled first in Baltimore, attracted to its industrial jobs. Many of their ethnic ], ], ], ], and ] descendants still live in the area.
			{{legend|#410b00|90%+}}
	Large ] include ]ans such as ], ], ] and ]. The shares of European immigrants born in Eastern Europe increased significantly between 1990 and 2010. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia, many immigrants from Eastern Europe came to the United States - 12 percent of which currently reside in Maryland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/european-immigrants-united-states#1|title=European Immigrants in the United States|work=migrationpolicy.org|accessdate=January 14, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://zipatlas.com/us/md/city-comparison/percentage-russian-population.htm|title=Cities with the Highest Percentage of Russians in Maryland|publisher=|access-date=January 14, 2015}}</ref>
			{{col-2}}
	Hispanic immigrants of the later 20th century have settled in ], ]/], ]/], ], ], ], as well as ] and ] in East Baltimore. ] are the largest Hispanic group in Maryland. Other Hispanic groups with significant populations in the state include ] and ] and ]. Though the Salvadoran population is more concentrated in the area around Washington, D.C., and the Puerto Rican population is more concentrated in the Baltimore area, all other major Hispanic groups in the state are evenly dispersed between these two areas. Maryland has one of the most diverse Hispanic populations in the country, with significant populations from various ] and ]n nations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dls.state.md.us/data/polanasubare/polanasubare_intmatnpubadm/Overview-of-Hispanic-Community.pdf |title=Overview of Hispanic Community in Maryland |author=Department of Legislative Services |pages=6–7 |date=June 2008 |format=PDF |accessdate=July 5, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117073348/http://dls.state.md.us/data/polanasubare/polanasubare_intmatnpubadm/Overview-of-Hispanic-Community.pdf |archivedate=January 17, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
			'''Black or African American'''
	Jews are numerous throughout ] and in ] and ] northwest of Baltimore. Asian Americans are concentrated in the suburban counties surrounding Washington, D.C. and in ], with ] and ] communities in ], ], and ] and a ] community in ]. Numerous ] live across the state, especially in central Maryland. ]/] communities are found in ], ], and ] counties.<ref name=amishamerica>{{cite web|title=Maryland Amish|publisher=Amish America|url=http://amishamerica.com/maryland-amish/|accessdate=October 6, 2017}}</ref>
			{{legend|#ffd966|50–60%}}
	Attracting educated Asians and Africans to the professional jobs in the region, Maryland has the fifth-largest proportions of racial minorities in the country.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8902484/ |title=Minority population surging in Texas |date=August 18, 2005 |work=msnbc.com |agency=Associated Press |accessdate=December 7, 2009}}</ref>
			{{legend|#f1c232|60–70%}}
	In 2006 645,744 were counted as foreign born, which represents mainly people from Latin America and Asia. About 4.0 percent are ].<ref>Turner Brinton, " {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221134342/http://journalism.umd.edu/cns/wire/2006-editions/04-April-editions/060405-Wednesday/ImmigrateDebate_CNS-UMCP.html |date=December 21, 2013 }}," Capital News Service, April 5, 2006. Retrieved July 22, 2007.</ref> Maryland also has a large Korean American population.<ref>{{cite web
	|url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/USfocus/display.cfm?id=273
			{{col-end}}|241x241px]]
	|title=The Foreign Born from Korea in the United States
	|first=Jennifer
			In 1970, the U.S. Census Bureau reported Maryland's population as 17.8 percent African-American and 80.4 percent non-Hispanic White.<ref>{{cite web|title=Maryland—Race and Hispanic Origin: 1790 to 1990 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html |access-date=April 18, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725044857/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html |archive-date=July 25, 2008 }}</ref>
	|last=Yau
	|publisher=Migration Policy Institute
			In 2019, ] were 49.8% of Maryland's population (], including ], were 57.3%), which made Maryland a ] state.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 1, 2019 |title=B03002 Hispanic or Latino Origin by Race – Maryland – 2019 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=B03002&g=0400000US24&tid=ACSDT1Y2019.B03002&hidePreview=true |access-date=November 23, 2020 |publisher=] |archive-date=March 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304223843/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=B03002&g=0400000US24&tid=ACSDT1Y2019.B03002&hidePreview=true |url-status=live }}</ref> 50.2% of Maryland's population is non-white, or is Hispanic or Latino, the highest percentage of any state on the ], and the highest percentage after the majority-minority states of ], ], ], ], ], and ]<ref>{{cite web |title=Maryland Quick Facts |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/MD |access-date=July 25, 2017 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |archive-date=February 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203013602/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/MD |url-status=live }}</ref> By 2031, minorities are projected to become the majority of voting eligible residents of Maryland.<ref>{{cite web |title=States of Change: The Demographic Evolution of the American Electorate, 1974–2060 |url=https://cdn.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/SOC-report1.pdf |access-date=July 25, 2016 |publisher=] |archive-date=April 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423220704/https://cdn.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/SOC-report1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Maryland's multiculturalism and diversity can be explained by its historically large African American population, and immigration brought by the importance of the D.C. and Baltimore areas, especially from Central America, Africa, the Caribbean, and Asia.
	|year=2007
	|accessdate=December 23, 2007
			] form a sizable portion of the state's population, 31.1% as of 2020.<ref name="census.gov" /> Most are descendants of people transported to the area as slaves from West Africa. Concentrations of African Americans live in ], ], ], western parts of ], and the southern Eastern Shore. Charles County and Prince George's County are the two counties where African Americans are the most successful monetarily in the country, with average household incomes much higher than in the rest of the country. As a former slave state, Maryland has had a large African-American population for much of its history; African American populations have increased over time with the ] to the D.C. and Baltimore areas, and in more recent times with the ] and with movement out from Washington D.C. into Montgomery, Prince George's, and Charles counties, as a result of gentrification and rising housing costs in D.C. causing many African Americans to leave. Prince George's County in particular has been a magnet for African Americans from D.C. to move to for decades; it is often referred to as "Ward 9" of D.C.
	}}</ref> In fact, 1.7 percent are Korean, while as a whole, almost 6.0 percent are Asian.<ref>{{cite web
	|url=http://www.jhsph.edu/kacp/about_us.html
			Maryland has by far the highest percentage of residents born in Africa out of any state; residents of African descent include 20th-century and later immigrants from ], particularly of the ] and ] tribes; ], particularly ] with significant ] and ] populations; ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usefoundation.org/userdata/file/Research/Regions/maryland.pdf |title=Languages in Maryland |quote=Prince George's County has the highest percentage of Kru/Ibo/Yoruba speakers of any county in the nation. |publisher=U.S. English Foundation, Inc |access-date=May 22, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117073348/http://www.usefoundation.org/userdata/file/Research/Regions/maryland.pdf |archive-date=January 17, 2013 }}</ref> Maryland also hosts populations from other African and ] nations. Maryland's African immigrant population is generally well-educated and is most concentrated in the inner suburbs of Baltimore and D.C. Nigerians are the fourth-largest immigrant group in Maryland, and are largely concentrated in the Baltimore area and surrounding suburbs, as well as Prince George's county. Many immigrants from the ], especially ], have settled in Maryland, with large communities in the suburbs of Washington, D.C., particularly in Montgomery and Prince George's counties. The ] has the world's largest population of ] outside of Ethiopia.<ref name="Westley">*Westley, Brian. . ( {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304092450/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/2005-10-17-little-ethiopia_x.htm |date=March 4, 2016 }}). '']''. ]. October 17, 2005.
	|title=About Us: Korean Americans in Maryland
			* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210220154904/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1893&dat=20051023&id=QJ8fAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wNUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2838%2C7708640 |date=February 20, 2021 }}. '']''. ''Associated Press''. October 23, 2005. p. 7C. Retrieved August 25, 2018.</ref> The Ethiopian community of Greater D.C. was historically based in the ] and ] neighborhoods of Washington, D.C., but as the community has grown, many Ethiopians have settled in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ggwash.org/view/39188/dcs-little-ethiopia-has-moved-to-silver-spring-and-alexandria |title=DC's 'Little Ethiopia' has moved to Silver Spring and Alexandria |publisher=Greater Greater Washington |access-date=August 25, 2018 |archive-date=August 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821223146/https://ggwash.org/view/39188/dcs-little-ethiopia-has-moved-to-silver-spring-and-alexandria |url-status=live }}</ref> The Ethiopian American population in Maryland and the rest of the D.C. area is largely ]-speaking, but there are significant numbers of speakers of ] and ] speakers as well. The Washington metropolitan area is also home to a large ] community.
	|publisher=Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
	|accessdate=December 23, 2007
			The top reported ancestries by Maryland residents are: ] (15%), ] (11%), ] (8%), ] (7%), ] (6%), and ] (3%).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_12_5YR_DP02&prodType=table|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212211541/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_12_5YR_DP02&prodType=table|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 12, 2020|title=American FactFinder—Results|author=Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS)|access-date=January 14, 2015}}</ref>
	}}</ref>
			] populations can be found ],<ref name="teaching.msa.maryland.gov">{{cite web |title=Irish Immigrants in Baltimore: Introduction, Teaching American History in Maryland |publisher=Maryland State Archives |url=http://teaching.msa.maryland.gov/000001/000000/000131/html/t131.html |access-date=May 21, 2017 |archive-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522031237/http://teaching.msa.maryland.gov/000001/000000/000131/html/t131.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and the Northern and Eastern suburbs of Washington, D.C., in Maryland, who were descendants of those who moved out to the suburbs<ref name=abcswamp>{{cite web |title=Swampoodle: The neighborhood behind the play |publisher=ABC Channel 7: TBD online magazine |first=Alia E. |last=Dastagir |date=May 23, 2011 |page=2 |url=http://www.tbd.com/articles/2011/05/swampoodle-the-neighborhood-behind-the-play-61186.html |access-date=June 11, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606034415/http://www.tbd.com/articles/2011/05/swampoodle-the-neighborhood-behind-the-play-61186.html |archive-date=June 6, 2013 }}</ref> of Washington, D.C.'s once predominantly Irish neighborhoods<ref name=abcswamp /><ref name=":4">{{cite web |title=Washington, DC Genealogy Research, Resources, and Records: Irish Neighborhoods in Old Washington |website=genweb.org |url=http://www.theusgenweb.org/dcgenweb/history/irish.shtml |access-date=May 21, 2017 |archive-date=May 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525202952/http://www.theusgenweb.org/dcgenweb/history/irish.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref>), as well as Western Maryland, where Irish immigrant laborers helped to build the B&O Railroad.<ref name="teaching.msa.maryland.gov"/> Smaller but much older Irish populations can be found in Southern Maryland, with some roots dating as far back as the early Maryland colony.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mulberry Tree: College News: Explore Maryland's History in Ireland |publisher=St. Mary's College of Maryland online magazine |date=Spring 2014 |url=http://www.smcm.edu/mulberrytree/archives/summer10/collegenews.html |access-date=June 11, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714140131/http://www.smcm.edu/mulberrytree/archives/summer10/collegenews.html |archive-date=July 14, 2014 }}</ref> This population, however, still remains culturally very active and yearly festivals are held.<ref>{{cite web |title=About the Celtic Society of Southern Maryland |website=CSSM.org |url=http://www.cssm.org/about-cssm/ |publisher=Celtic Society of Southern Maryland |access-date=May 21, 2017 |archive-date=May 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525202958/https://www.cssm.org/about-cssm/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
			A large percentage of the population of the ] and ] are descendants of ] ancestry. The Eastern Shore was settled by Protestants, chiefly ] and the southern counties were initially settled by English Catholics. Western and northern Maryland have large ] populations.
			More recent European immigrants of the late 19th and early 20th century settled first in Baltimore, attracted to its industrial jobs. These groups were largely of ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ] descent. The Greek community includes a number of ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=KhK-GenGreece |url=http://www.yvelia.com/kolhakehila/archive/documents/usa/usa_baltimore_003.htm |access-date=February 11, 2023 |website=www.yvelia.com |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055458/http://www.yvelia.com/kolhakehila/archive/documents/usa/usa_baltimore_003.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> These ] and ]an immigrants were largely concentrated in Southeast Baltimore and significantly influenced the unique culture of the city; although many have moved out into surrounding areas of Baltimore County due to gentrification, the city retains the culture and influence of these immigrants, and cultural events celebrating these communities are common in Baltimore. Maryland has had a significant ] presence since the early 20th century, with large numbers of Jewish immigrants to the Baltimore area, followed by Jewish migration to the Washington D.C. area; Maryland has the fifth-highest percentage of Jewish residents in the country (including Washington D.C.), with 239,000 Jews making up four percent of the population, and the ], which has the seventh-largest number of Jews of any combined metropolitan area in the country, with a Jewish population estimated at 300,000.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}
			The shares of European immigrants born in Eastern Europe increased significantly between 1990 and 2010. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia, many immigrants from Eastern Europe came to the United States—12 percent of whom currently reside in Maryland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/european-immigrants-united-states#1|title=European Immigrants in the United States|website=migrationpolicy.org|access-date=January 14, 2015|archive-date=February 11, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211081028/http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/european-immigrants-united-states#1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://zipatlas.com/us/md/city-comparison/percentage-russian-population.htm|title=Cities with the Highest Percentage of Russians in Maryland|access-date=January 14, 2015|archive-date=October 29, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029122246/http://zipatlas.com/us/md/city-comparison/percentage-russian-population.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
			Hispanic immigrants of the later 20th century have settled in ], ]/], ]/], ], ], ], as well as ] and ] in East Baltimore. Maryland has the highest percentage of residents of ]n origin of any state.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}} ] are the largest Hispanic group in Maryland, and Maryland has the largest percentage of Salvadoran residents of any state.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}} The D.C. area also has the highest percentage of Salvadorans of any American metro area, who are particularly concentrated in Prince George's and Montgomery counties, and has the second-highest total number of Salvadorans after the ]. Other Hispanic groups with significant populations in the state include ], ], ], ], ], and ], along with growing populations of ], ], ], and ]. Maryland's Hispanic population is especially concentrated in Montgomery County and Prince George's County, with other large populations in the Baltimore area and ]. Maryland has one of the most diverse Hispanic populations in the country, with significant populations from various ] and ]n nations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dls.state.md.us/data/polanasubare/polanasubare_intmatnpubadm/Overview-of-Hispanic-Community.pdf |title=Overview of Hispanic Community in Maryland |author=Department of Legislative Services |pages=6–7 |date=June 2008 |access-date=July 5, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117073348/http://dls.state.md.us/data/polanasubare/polanasubare_intmatnpubadm/Overview-of-Hispanic-Community.pdf |archive-date=January 17, 2013 }}</ref>
			Caribbean Americans have a significant presence in Maryland, especially ], who make up 0.6% of the population and have had a significant presence and influence in Maryland's politics and culture; Maryland's current governor, ], is the son of a Jamaican immigrant mother. Other Caribbean American nationalities with a large population in Maryland include ], ], ], and ]. Caribbean Americans are most concentrated in Prince George's County, the city of Baltimore, and Baltimore County.
			Asian Americans are concentrated in the suburban counties surrounding Washington, D.C., and in Baltimore suburbs, especially ], with ], ] and ] communities in ], ], and ]. Chinese in particular form the second largest group of Asian Americans, and are the largest group in Montgomery County.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}} Maryland also has a large Korean American population, especially in Howard County, where there is a ] in ].<ref>{{cite web |last=Yau |first=Jennifer |year=2007 |title=The Foreign Born from Korea in the United States |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/USfocus/display.cfm?id=273 |access-date=December 23, 2007 |publisher=Migration Policy Institute |archive-date=January 10, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120110222219/http://www.migrationinformation.org/USfocus/display.cfm?ID=273 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. Census Bureau: Maryland |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/MD# |access-date=June 16, 2021 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> ]s, the largest group of Southeast Asians, form major communities in Montgomery, Prince George's, and Charles counties; other large groups of Southeast Asians include Vietnamese, who are concentrated in Montgomery County, and Burmese, who are concentrated in Frederick, Howard, and Baltimore Counties.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}} Maryland has a very large and diverse ] population that has had a major presence in the state since the 1970s. ] are the largest Asian group in Maryland, making up 1.7 percent of the population, and live throughout the state, especially in ] and ] counties, with large numbers in ], ], and ] counties.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}} The Indian American population is culturally and linguistically diverse, with the Indian languages spoken most being ], ], ], and ].{{citation needed|date=August 2023}} There are also large ] populations throughout the D.C. and Baltimore areas, especially in Baltimore County and Howard County, and a large ] community in the D.C. area.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}} Maryland has one of the largest populations of ], including ] of Nepali descent, in the U.S., many of whom are recent immigrants or refugees who sought asylum after ] or the ]; there are an estimated 20,000 to 25,000 Nepalis in Maryland, concentrated in the Baltimore area with significant populations in the D.C. area.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}} The first Nepali American elected to a state legislature, ], was elected in Maryland, representing part of Baltimore County.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 Regular Session - Bond Bill Fact Sheet for Baltimore Association of Nepalese in America |url=https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2020RS/bond_initiatives/Baltimore_Association_of_Nepalese_in_America.pdf |access-date=February 5, 2023 |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205143205/https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2020RS/bond_initiatives/Baltimore_Association_of_Nepalese_in_America.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Maryland's Nepali community mourns Brindra Giri, a recent immigrant killed in Rite Aid warehouse shooting |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/maryland/bs-md-brindra-giri-funeral-20180923-story.html |access-date=February 5, 2023 |website=Baltimore Sun |date=September 23, 2018 |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205143204/https://www.baltimoresun.com/maryland/bs-md-brindra-giri-funeral-20180923-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> There are three ], and in 2020, 31,845 identified as being Native American alone, and 96,805 did in combination with one or more other races.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html}}</ref>
			Attracting educated Asians and Africans to the professional jobs in the region, Maryland has the fifth-largest proportions of racial minorities in the country.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna8902484 |title=Minority population surging in Texas |date=August 18, 2005 |work=NBC News |agency=Associated Press |access-date=December 7, 2009 |archive-date=December 31, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231232030/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/8902484/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
			In 2006, 645,744 were counted as foreign born, which represents mainly people from Latin America and Asia. About four percent are ].<ref>Turner Brinton, . {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221134342/http://journalism.umd.edu/cns/wire/2006-editions/04-April-editions/060405-Wednesday/ImmigrateDebate_CNS-UMCP.html |date=December 21, 2013 }}. Capital News Service, April 5, 2006. Retrieved July 22, 2007.</ref>
	According to The Williams Institute's analysis of the 2010 U.S. Census, 12,538 same-sex couples are living in Maryland, representing 5.8 same-sex couples per 1,000 households.<ref name="freedomtomarry.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.freedomtomarry.org/states/entry/c/maryland |title=Maryland |publisher=Freedom to Marry |accessdate=September 28, 2013}}</ref>
			According to The Williams Institute's analysis of the 2010 U.S. census, 12,538 same-sex couples are living in Maryland, representing 5.8 same-sex couples per 1,000 households.<ref name="freedomtomarry.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.freedomtomarry.org/states/entry/c/maryland |title=Maryland |publisher=Freedom to Marry |access-date=September 28, 2013 |archive-date=October 3, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003043140/http://www.freedomtomarry.org/states/entry/c/maryland |url-status=live }}</ref>
	As of 2016, ] were 51.5% of Maryland's population, making Maryland on the verge of becoming a ] state. 48.5% of Maryland's population is non-white and/or Hispanic/Latino, the highest percentage of any state on the ] and the highest percentage after the majority minority states of Hawaii, New Mexico, Texas, California and Nevada.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/MD |title=Maryland Quick Facts |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=July 25, 2017}}</ref> Non-Hispanic White Americans in Maryland, the majority as of 2016, are expected to become the plurality ethnic group within 5 years of 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/oped/bs-ed-majority-minority-20160227-story.html |title=Face it, we're on our way to being a majority minority country |publisher=] |accessdate=July 25, 2017}}</ref> After Nevada in 2016, Maryland is projected to be the next state to become majority minority due to growing African-American, Asian and Latino populations. By 2031, minorities are projected to become the majority of voting eligible residents of Maryland.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cdn.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/SOC-report1.pdf |title=States of Change: The Demographic Evolution of the American Electorate, 1974–2060 |publisher=] |accessdate=July 25, 2016}}</ref>
	===Religion===		===Religion===
			], the first ] ] built in the U.S.]]
	{{Bar box		{{Bar box
	|title = Religion in Maryland (2014)<ref name="Pew Religion and Politics">{{cite web		|title = Religion in Maryland (2014)<ref name="Pew Religion and Politics">{{cite web
	| title = Religious composition of adults in Maryland		| title = Religious composition of adults in Maryland
	| work = Religious Landscape Study		| website = Religious Landscape Study
	| publisher = The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life		| publisher = The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life
	| year = 2017		| year = 2017
	| url = http://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/state/maryland/		| url = http://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/state/maryland/
	| accessdate = October 5, 2017}}</ref>		| access-date = October 5, 2017
			| archive-date = October 10, 2017
			| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171010134619/http://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/state/maryland/
			| url-status = live
			}}</ref>
	|titlebar=#ddd		|titlebar=#ddd
	|width =		|width =
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	|float=right		|float=right
	|bars=		|bars=
	{{Bar percent|Protestant|purple|52}}		{{Bar percent|]|purple|52}}
	{{Bar percent|None|black|23}}		{{Bar percent|]|black|23}}
	{{Bar percent|Catholic|Dodgerblue|15}}		{{Bar percent|]|Dodgerblue|15}}
	{{Bar percent|Jewish|blue|3}}		{{Bar percent|]|blue|3}}
	{{Bar percent|Other faiths|gray|2}}		{{Bar percent|Other faiths|gray|2}}
	{{Bar percent|Buddhist|yellow|1}}		{{Bar percent|]|yellow|1}}
	{{Bar percent|Hindu|orange|1}}		{{Bar percent|]|orange|1}}
	{{Bar percent|Islam|green|1}}		{{Bar percent|]|green|1}}
	{{Bar percent|Mormon|red|1}}		{{Bar percent|]|red|1}}
	{{Bar percent|Orthodox Christian|cyan|1}}		{{Bar percent|]|cyan|1}}
	}}		}}
	] was the first ] ] built in the ].]]
	Maryland has been historically prominent to ] because the English ] was intended by ] as a haven for English Catholics. Baltimore was the seat of the first Catholic bishop in the U.S. (1789), and ] was the home and burial place of the first American-born citizen to be ], ]. ], the first Catholic University, was founded in 1789 in what was then part of Maryland.<ref>It became a part of the District of Columbia when that city was created in the 1790s.</ref> The ] in Baltimore was the first Roman Catholic cathedral built in the United States, and the ] is, albeit without formal primacy, the United States' quasi-],{{citation needed|date=July 2015}} and often a cardinal. Among the immigrants of the 19th and 20th century from eastern and southern Europe were many Catholics.
			Maryland has been historically prominent to ] because the English ] was intended by ] as a haven for English Catholics. Baltimore was the seat of the first Catholic bishop in the U.S. (1789), and ] was the home and burial place of the first American-born citizen to be ], ]. ], the first Catholic University, was founded in 1789 in what was then part of Maryland; it became a part of the District of Columbia when it was created in the 1790s. The ] in Baltimore was the first Roman Catholic cathedral built in the United States, and the ] is, albeit without formal primacy, the United States' quasi-],{{citation needed|date=July 2015}} and often a cardinal. Among the immigrants of the 19th and 20th centuries from eastern and southern Europe were many Catholics.
	Despite its historic relevance to the Catholic Church in the United States, the percentage of Catholics in the state of Maryland is below the national average of 20%. Demographically, both Protestants and those identifying no religion are more numerous than Catholics.
			Despite its historic relevance to the Catholic Church in the United States, the percentage of Catholics in the state of Maryland is below the national average of 20%. Demographically, both Protestants and those identifying with no religion are more numerous than Catholics.
	According to Pew research 69 percent of Maryland's population identifies as Christian.<ref name="Pew Religion and Politics" /> The largest religious groups in Maryland as of 2010 were: the ] with 837,338 adherents in Maryland, followed by non-denominational ]s with 298,921 members, and the ] with 238,774. The ] has 150,345 members.<ref name="www.thearda.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/s/24/rcms2010_24_state_adh_2010.asp |title=The Association of Religion Data Archives &#124; State Membership Report |publisher=www.thearda.com |accessdate=November 15, 2013}}</ref>
	] is the largest non-Christian religion in Maryland with 241,000 adherents, or 4 percent of the total population.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2010/tables/10s0077.xls |title=Table 77. Christian Church Adherents and Jewish Population – States: 2008 |accessdate=October 24, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327063838/http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2010/tables/10s0077.xls |archive-date=March 27, 2010 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |format=Excel |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
			According to the ] in 2014, 69 percent of Maryland's population identifies themselves as ]. Nearly 52% of the adult population are ].{{efn|Including ] (18%), ] (18%), and Historically{{explain|reason=in what sense "historically"? This is a contemporary statistic|date=May 2022}} ]s (16%).<ref name="Pew Religion and Politics" />}} Following Protestantism, ] is the second largest religious affiliation, comprising 15% percent of the population.<ref name="Pew Religion and Politics" /><ref name="www.thearda.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/s/24/rcms2010_24_state_adh_2010.asp |publisher=The Association of Religion Data Archives |title=State Membership Report |website=www.thearda.com |access-date=November 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202230739/http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/s/24/rcms2010_24_state_adh_2010.asp |archive-date=December 2, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ]/] communities are found in ], ], and ] counties.<ref name=amishamerica>{{cite web |title=Maryland Amish |date=March 2011 |publisher=Amish America |url=http://amishamerica.com/maryland-amish/ |access-date=October 6, 2017 |archive-date=December 31, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231054348/http://amishamerica.com/maryland-amish |url-status=live }}</ref> ] is the largest non-Christian religion in Maryland, with 241,000 adherents, or four percent of the total population.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2010/tables/10s0077.xls |title=Table 77. Christian Church Adherents and Jewish Population States: 2008 |access-date=October 24, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327063838/http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2010/tables/10s0077.xls |archive-date=March 27, 2010 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |format=Excel |url-status=dead }}</ref> ] are numerous throughout ] and in ] and ] northwest of Baltimore. An estimated 81,500 Jewish Americans live in Montgomery County, constituting approximately 10% of the total population.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.shalomdc.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/DCJewishCommTechApp.pdf |title=2017 Greater Washington Jewish Community Demographic Study |publisher=] |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228192016/https://www.shalomdc.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/DCJewishCommTechApp.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The ]'s world headquarters and ] Muslims' national headquarters are located in ], just outside ]
	The ]'s World Headquarters and ] Muslims national Headquarters is located in ], just outside the District of Columbia.
			Per the ] in 2020, 61 percent of Maryland's population identified with Christianity.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRRI – American Values Atlas |url=https://ava.prri.org/#religious/2020/States/religion/m/US-MD |access-date=September 17, 2022 |website=ava.prri.org |archive-date=April 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404161714/https://ava.prri.org/#religious/2020/States/religion/m/US-MD |url-status=live }}</ref> Protestantism and Roman Catholicism continued to dominate the Christian landscape, and the Jewish community remained at 3% of the total religious population. Of the unaffiliated, the PRRI study determined their increase to 28% of the population.
			=== LGBT population ===
			{{Main|LGBT rights in Maryland}}
			Maryland has one of the highest percentages of LGBT people in its populace out of any state; 5.7% of Marylanders identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer, the highest of any state. (Washington, D.C. ranks higher with a LGBT population of 8.6%.) Maryland ranks as one of the best states in the nation for rights of the LGBT community, with protections against discrimination enacted since 2001 for sexuality and 2014 for gender, same-sex marriage legalization in 2013, bans on conversion therapy enacted in 2018, abolition of the gay panic defense in 2021, and issuance in 2023 of an executive order protecting the rights of transgender individuals. In 2020, Montgomery County unanimously passed an ordinance implementing an LGBTIQ+ bill of rights.
			The first person known to describe himself as a ] was ], born enslaved in Hancock, Maryland. Swann was the first American on record who pursued legal and political action to defend the ]'s ].<ref name=":6">{{Cite news |last=Joseph |first=Channing Gerard |date=January 31, 2020 |title=The First Drag Queen Was a Former Slave |journal=The Nation |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/society/drag-queen-slave-ball/ |url-status=live |access-date=February 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202152031/https://www.thenation.com/article/society/drag-queen-slave-ball/ |archive-date=February 2, 2021 |issn=0027-8378}}</ref>
			In February 2010, Attorney General ] issued an opinion stating that Maryland law should honor ]s from out of state. At the time, the state Supreme Court wrote a decision upholding marriage discrimination.<ref name="freedomtomarry.org" />
			On March 1, 2012, Maryland Governor ] signed the freedom to marry bill into law after it passed in the state legislature. Opponents of same-sex marriage began collecting signatures to overturn the law, which faced a referendum, as Question 6, in the November 2012 election.<ref name="freedomtomarry.org" /> A January 2011 Gonzales Research & Marketing Strategies poll showed 51% support for marriage in the state.<ref>{{cite web |date=May 24, 2012 |title=Maryland Polling Memo |url=http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/main/2012/05/maryland-polling-memo.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803202911/http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/main/2012/05/maryland-polling-memo.html |archive-date=August 3, 2017 |access-date=August 16, 2013 |publisher=Public Policy Polling}}</ref>
			In May 2012, Maryland's Court of Appeals ruled that the state will recognize marriages of same-sex couples who married out-of-state, no matter the outcome of the November election.<ref name="freedomtomarry.org" /> Voters upheld the bill, passing Question 6 with 52% to 48% on November 6, 2012. Same-sex couples began marrying in Maryland on January 1, 2013.<ref name="freedomtomarry.org" />
	==Economy==		==Economy==
	{{See also|Business in Maryland|List of federal installations in Maryland|List of shopping malls in Maryland|Maryland locations by per capita income}}		{{See also|Business in Maryland|List of federal installations in Maryland|List of shopping malls in Maryland|Maryland locations by per capita income}}
			] five-year estimate report, published by the ]]]
	]
	The ] estimates that Maryland's gross state product in 2016 was $382.4 billion.<ref></ref> However, Maryland has been using ], an indicator of well-being, to guide the state's development, rather than relying only on growth indicators like GDP.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dolan|first=Karen|title=A better way of measuring progress in Maryland|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/oped/bs-ed-measuring-progress-20120130,0,7700054.story|newspaper=Baltimore Sun|date=January 30, 2012}}</ref><ref>. Thesolutionsjournal.com. Retrieved on July 12, 2013.</ref> According to the ], Maryland households are currently the wealthiest in the country, with a 2013 median household income of $72,483<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_07_1YR_GCT1901.US13PR&prodType=table|title=American FactFinder – Results|publisher=}}</ref> which puts it ahead of ] and ], which are second and third respectively. Two of Maryland's counties, Howard and Montgomery, are the second and eleventh ] respectively. Maryland ranked No. 1 with the most millionaires per capita in 2013, with a ratio of 7.7 percent.<ref>{{cite web|last=Frank|first=Robert|title=Top states for millionaires per capita|url=https://www.cnbc.com/id/101338309|publisher=CNBC|accessdate=January 21, 2014}}</ref> Also, the state's poverty rate of 7.8 percent is the lowest in the country.<ref> washingtonpost.com.</ref><ref> baltimoresun.com.</ref><ref> wibw.com.</ref> ] in 2006 was $43,500, fifth in the nation. As of February 2018, the state's unemployment rate was 4.2 percent.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mwejobs.maryland.gov/admin/gsipub/htmlarea/uploads/MonthlyLaborReview_Feb2018.pdf|title=Monthly Labor Review - February 2018|last=|first=|date=April 5, 2018|website=Maryland Department of Labor, License, and Governing|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=April 20, 2018}}</ref>		The ] estimates that Maryland's gross state product in 2016 was $382.4{{spaces}}billion.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?reqid=70&step=10&isuri=1&7003=200&7035=-1&7004=sic&7005=1&7006=xx&7036=-1&7001=1200&7002=1&7090=70&7007=-1&7093=levels#reqid=70&step=10&isuri=1&7003=200&7035=-1&7004=naics&7005=1&7006=xx&7036=-1&7001=1200&7002=1&7090=70&7007=-1&7093=levels |title=Regional Data |access-date=March 14, 2018 |archive-date=August 31, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831043848/https://www.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?reqid=70&step=10&isuri=1&7003=200&7035=-1&7004=sic&7005=1&7006=xx&7036=-1&7001=1200&7002=1&7090=70&7007=-1&7093=levels#reqid=70&step=10&isuri=1&7003=200&7035=-1&7004=naics&7005=1&7006=xx&7036=-1&7001=1200&7002=1&7090=70&7007=-1&7093=levels |url-status=dead }}</ref> However, Maryland has been using ], an indicator of well-being, to guide the state's development, rather than relying only on growth indicators like GDP.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dolan|first=Karen|title=A better way of measuring progress in Maryland|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/oped/bs-ed-measuring-progress-20120130,0,7700054.story|newspaper=Baltimore Sun|date=January 30, 2012|access-date=November 11, 2012|archive-date=January 20, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120112329/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/oped/bs-ed-measuring-progress-20120130,0,7700054.story|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005165902/http://www.thesolutionsjournal.com/node/1070 |date=October 5, 2012 }}. Thesolutionsjournal.com. Retrieved on July 12, 2013.</ref> According to the ], Maryland households are currently the wealthiest in the country, with a 2013 median household income of $72,483,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_07_1YR_GCT1901.US13PR&prodType=table|title=American FactFinder MedImmune Results|access-date=July 16, 2015|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212212931/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_07_1YR_GCT1901.US13PR&prodType=table|archive-date=February 12, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> which puts it ahead of ] and ], which are second and third respectively. Two of Maryland's counties, Howard and Montgomery, are the second and eleventh ] respectively. Maryland has the most millionaires per capita in 2013, with a ratio of 7.7 percent.<ref>{{cite web|last=Frank|first=Robert|title=Top states for millionaires per capita|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2014/01/15/top-states-for-millionaires-per-capita.html|publisher=CNBC|access-date=January 21, 2014|date=January 15, 2014|archive-date=January 22, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122061516/https://www.cnbc.com/id/101338309|url-status=live}}</ref> Also, the state's poverty rate of 7.8 percent is the lowest in the country.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707222430/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/28/AR2007082800779.html?nav%3Drss_nation&sub=AR |date=July 7, 2017 }} washingtonpost.com.</ref><ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215145830/http://www.baltimoresun.com/bal-richest0829-story.html#page=1 |date=December 15, 2014 }} baltimoresun.com.</ref><ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215144744/http://www.wibw.com/home/headlines/9425406.html |date=December 15, 2014 }} wibw.com.</ref> ] in 2006 was $43,500, fifth in the nation. As of March 2022, the state's unemployment rate was 4.6 percent.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mwejobs.maryland.gov/admin/gsipub/htmlarea/uploads/MonthlyLaborReview03_Mar22.pdf|title=Monthly Labor Review—February 2018|date=April 5, 2018|website=Maryland Department of Labor, License, and Governing|access-date=April 20, 2018|archive-date=May 15, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515182858/https://mwejobs.maryland.gov/admin/gsipub/htmlarea/uploads/MonthlyLaborReview03_Mar22.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
			Maryland's economy benefits from the state's proximity to the federal government in ], with an emphasis on technical and administrative tasks for the defense/aerospace industry and bio-research laboratories, as well as staffing of satellite government headquarters in the suburban or exurban Baltimore/Washington area. Ft. Meade serves as the headquarters of the ], ], and the ]/]. In addition, a number of educational and medical research institutions are located in the state. In fact, the various components of The ] and its medical research facilities are now the largest single employer in the Baltimore area.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}} Altogether, ] technical and administrative workers comprise 25 percent of Maryland's ],{{citation needed|date=March 2016}} attributable in part to nearby Maryland being a part of the ] where the federal government office employment is relatively high.
	report published by the ].]]
			Manufacturing, while large in dollar value, is highly diversified with no sub-sector contributing over 20 percent of the total. Typical forms of manufacturing include electronics, computer equipment, and chemicals. The once-mighty primary metals sub-sector, which once included what was then the largest steel factory in the world at ], still exists, but is pressed with foreign competition, ], and ]s.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}} During World War II, the Glenn Martin Company (now part of ]) airplane factory employed some 40,000 people.
	Maryland's economy benefits from the state's close proximity to the federal government in ] with an emphasis on technical and administrative tasks for the defense/aerospace industry and bio-research laboratories, as well as staffing of satellite government headquarters in the suburban or exurban Baltimore/Washington area. Ft. Meade serves as the headquarters of the ], ], and the ]/]. In addition, a number of educational and medical research institutions are located in the state. In fact, the various components of The ] and its medical research facilities are now the largest single employer in the Baltimore area. Altogether, ] technical and administrative workers comprise 25 percent of Maryland's ],{{citation needed|date=March 2016}} attributable in part to nearby Maryland being a part of the ] where the federal government office employment is relatively high.
	Manufacturing, while large in dollar value, is highly diversified with no sub-sector contributing over 20 percent of the total. Typical forms of manufacturing include electronics, computer equipment, and chemicals. The once mighty primary metals sub-sector, which at one time included what was then the largest steel factory in the world at ], still exists, but is pressed with foreign competition, ], and ]s. During World War II the Glenn Martin Company (now part of ]) airplane factory employed some 40,000 people.
	Mining other than construction materials is virtually limited to coal, which is located in the mountainous western part of the state. The brownstone quarries in the east, which gave Baltimore and Washington much of their characteristic architecture in the mid-19th century, were once a predominant natural resource. Historically, there used to be small gold-mining operations in Maryland, some near Washington, but these no longer exist.		Mining other than construction materials is virtually limited to coal, which is located in the mountainous western part of the state. The brownstone quarries in the east, which gave Baltimore and Washington much of their characteristic architecture in the mid-19th century, were once a predominant natural resource. Historically, there used to be small gold-mining operations in Maryland, some near Washington, but these no longer exist.
			In 2022, the top private employers by number of employees were ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref>"." ''Comptroller of Maryland''. April 2023. p. 164. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420183956/https://marylandtaxes.gov/forms/CAFR/ACFR2022.pdf|date=April 20, 2023}}.</ref>
	===Baltimore port===
	One major service activity is transportation, centered on the ] and its related ] and trucking access. The port ranked 17th in the U.S. by tonnage in 2008.<ref>U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Waterborne Commerce Statistics Center. New Orleans, LA. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100731081240/http://www.iwr.usace.army.mil/ndc/wcsc/portname08.htm |date=July 31, 2010 }} Revised February 17, 2010.</ref> Although the port handles a wide variety of products, the most typical imports are raw materials and bulk commodities, such as ], ], ], and ]s, often distributed to the relatively close manufacturing centers of the inland ] via good overland transportation. The port also receives several different brands of imported motor vehicles and is the number one auto port in the U.S.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://automotivelogistics.media/buyers-guide/port-of-baltimore-5 |title=Port of Baltimore |work=Automotive Logistics Buyers' Guide |access-date=May 22, 2017 |publisher=Ultima Media |quote=The Port of Baltimore handles more autos than any other US port. }}</ref>
			In the first three years of Maryland ], over $10.2 billion was bet on sports. Based on the regulations, the state has earned over $116 million towards the ] Fund as of November 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelley |first=Zachary |date=2024-12-09 |title=A Look Into Three Years of Maryland Sports Betting |url=https://www.legalsportsbetting.com/news/a-look-into-three-years-of-maryland-sports-betting-12-09-2024/ |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=www.legalsportsbetting.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
	Baltimore City is the eighth largest port in the nation, and was at the center of the February 2006 ] over the ] deal because it was considered to be of such strategic importance. The state as a whole is heavily industrialized, with a booming economy and influential technology centers. Its computer industries are some of the most sophisticated in the United States, and the federal government has invested heavily in the area. Maryland is home to several large military bases and scores of high level government jobs.
			===Port of Baltimore===
	The ] is a {{convert|14|mi|km}} ] on the Eastern Shore that connects the waters of the Delaware River with those of the Chesapeake Bay, and in particular with the Port of Baltimore, carrying 40 percent of the port's ship traffic.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=U.S. Army Corps of Engineers |place=Philadelphia, PA |url=http://www.nap.usace.army.mil/Missions/CivilWorks/ChesapeakeDelawareCanal.aspx |title=Chesapeake and Delaware Canal |accessdate=September 28, 2013}}</ref>
			One major service activity is transportation, centered on the ] and its related ] and trucking access. The port ranked 17th in the U.S. by tonnage in 2008.<ref>U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Waterborne Commerce Statistics Center. New Orleans, LA. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100731081240/http://www.iwr.usace.army.mil/ndc/wcsc/portname08.htm |date=July 31, 2010 }} Revised February 17, 2010.</ref> Although the port handles a wide variety of products, the most typical imports are raw materials and bulk commodities, such as ], ], ], and ]s, often distributed to the relatively close manufacturing centers of the inland ] via good overland transportation. The port also receives several brands of imported motor vehicles and is the number one auto port in the U.S.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://automotivelogistics.media/buyers-guide/port-of-baltimore-5 |title=Port of Baltimore |website=Automotive Logistics Buyers' Guide |access-date=May 22, 2017 |publisher=Ultima Media |quote=The Port of Baltimore handles more autos than any other US port. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525202955/http://automotivelogistics.media/buyers-guide/port-of-baltimore-5 |archive-date=May 25, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
			Baltimore City is among the top 15 largest ports in the nation,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bts.gov/content/tonnage-top-50-us-water-ports-ranked-total-tons |title=Tonnage of Top 50 U.S. Water Ports, Ranked by Total Tons |website=Bureau of Transportation Statistics |publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation |access-date=November 2, 2020 |archive-date=October 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016175533/https://www.bts.gov/content/tonnage-top-50-us-water-ports-ranked-total-tons |url-status=live }}</ref> and was one of six major U.S. ports that were part of the February 2006 ] over the ] deal.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2006-03-11-0603110235-story.html |title=Bush fears terror setback |date=March 11, 2006 |newspaper=The Baltimore Sun |first1=Julie Hirschfeld |last1=Davis |first2=Gwyneth K. |last2=Shaw |access-date=November 2, 2020 |archive-date=October 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001020846/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2006-03-11-0603110235-story.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The state as a whole is heavily industrialized, with a booming economy and influential technology centers. Its computer industries are some of the most sophisticated in the United States, and the federal government has invested heavily in the area. Maryland is home to several large military bases and scores of high-level government jobs.
	===Agriculture and fishing===
			The ] is a {{convert|14|mi|km}} ] on the Eastern Shore that connects the waters of the Delaware River with those of the Chesapeake Bay, and in particular with the Port of Baltimore, carrying 40 percent of the port's ship traffic.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=U.S. Army Corps of Engineers |place=Philadelphia, PA |url=http://www.nap.usace.army.mil/Missions/CivilWorks/ChesapeakeDelawareCanal.aspx |title=Chesapeake and Delaware Canal |access-date=September 28, 2013 |archive-date=September 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928124813/http://www.nap.usace.army.mil/Missions/CivilWorks/ChesapeakeDelawareCanal.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>
			===Fishing===
	Maryland has a large food-production sector. A large component of this is commercial ], centered in the Chesapeake Bay, but also including activity off the short Atlantic seacoast. The largest catches by species are the ], ], ], and ]. The Bay also has overwintering waterfowl in its wildlife refuges. The waterfowl support a ].		Maryland has a large food-production sector. A large component of this is commercial ], centered in the Chesapeake Bay, but also including activity off the short Atlantic seacoast. The largest catches by species are the ], ], ], and ]. The Bay also has overwintering waterfowl in its wildlife refuges. The waterfowl support a ].
			===Agriculture===
	]
			{{main|Agriculture in Maryland}}
	Maryland has large areas of fertile agricultural land in its coastal and ] zones, though this land use is being encroached upon by urbanization. Agriculture is oriented to dairy farming (especially in foothill and piedmont areas) for nearby large city milksheads plus specialty perishable horticulture crops, such as ]s, ]s, ], ]es, ]s, ], and ] (Source:USDA Crop Profiles). In addition, the southern counties of the western shoreline of Chesapeake Bay are warm enough to support a ] ] zone, which has existed since early Colonial times but declined greatly after a state government buyout in the 1990s. There is also a large automated ]-farming sector in the state's southeastern part; ] is home to ]. Maryland's food-processing plants are the most significant type of manufacturing by value in the state.
			]
			Maryland has large areas of fertile agricultural land in its coastal and ] zones, though this land use is being encroached upon by urbanization. Agriculture is oriented to dairy farming (especially in foothill and piedmont areas) for nearby large city milksheads, plus specialty perishable horticulture crops, such as ]s, ]s, ], ]es, ], ], and ] (Source:USDA Crop Profiles). The southern counties of the western shoreline of Chesapeake Bay are warm enough to support a ] ] zone, which has existed since early Colonial times, but declined greatly after a state government buy-out in the 1990s. There is also a large automated ]-farming sector in the state's southeastern part; ] is home to ]. Maryland's food-processing plants are the most significant type of manufacturing by value in the state. Farming suffers from weeds as anywhere else, including an unusual ] ragweed ('']'') found by Rousonelos ''et al.'', 2012 with both ] and ]-resistances<ref name="Rousonelos-et-al-2012">{{cite journal |last1=Rousonelos |first1=Stephanie L. |last2=Lee |first2=Ryan M. |last3=Moreira |first3=Murilo S. |last4=VanGessel |first4=Mark J. |last5=Tranel |first5=Patrick J. |title=Characterization of a Common Ragweed (''Ambrosia artemisiifolia'') Population Resistant to ALS- and PPO-Inhibiting Herbicides |journal=] |publisher=] (WSSA) (]) |volume=60 |issue=3 |year=2012 |issn=0043-1745 |doi=10.1614/ws-d-11-00152.1 |pages=335–344| s2cid=86234767 }}</ref> and which by 2016 had developed a third, ].<ref name="Heap-2022">{{cite web |last=Heap |first=Ian |title=Multiple resistant ''Ambrosia artemisiifolia'' from United States, Maryland |website=The International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds |date=May 7, 2022 |url=http://www.weedscience.org/details/Case.aspx?ResistID=17109 |access-date=May 7, 2022 |archive-date=May 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517232813/https://www.weedscience.org/Details/Case.aspx?ResistID=17109 |url-status=live }}</ref> This ragweed population is a drag on ] cultivation and, {{as of|2022|05|07|lc=yes|df=US}}, is the worst multiresistant weed problem in the state.<ref name="Heap-2022" />
	===Biotechnology===		===Biotechnology===
	Maryland is a major center for ] research and development. With more than 400 biotechnology companies located there, Maryland is the fourth-largest nexus in this field in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://marylandbiocenter.org/Bioscience%20of%20Maryland/Pages/factsandfigures.aspx |title=Maryland's Bioscience Environment: 2009 |accessdate=August 19, 2011 |publisher=The Maryland Biotechnology Center}}</ref>		Maryland is a major center for ] research and development. With more than 400 biotechnology companies located there, Maryland is the fourth largest nexus in this field in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://marylandbiocenter.org/Bioscience%20of%20Maryland/Pages/factsandfigures.aspx |title=Maryland's Bioscience Environment: 2009 |access-date=August 19, 2011 |publisher=The Maryland Biotechnology Center |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820175129/http://marylandbiocenter.org/Bioscience%20of%20Maryland/Pages/factsandfigures.aspx |archive-date=August 20, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
	Institutions and government agencies with an interest in research and development located in Maryland include the ], the ], more than one campus of the ], ], the ], the ] (NIH), the ] (NIST), the ] (NIMH), the ], the federal ] (FDA), the ], the ] company, the ] (JCVI), and ]&nbsp;– recently purchased by ].		Institutions and government agencies with an interest in research and development located in Maryland include the ], the ], more than one campus of the ], ], the ], the ] (NIH), the ] (NIST), the ] (NIMH), the ], the federal ] (FDA), the ], the ] company, the ] (JCVI), and ] (formerly ]).
	Maryland is home to defense contractor ], which manufactures and provides an ] to U.S. government military personnel.<ref>{{cite news|title=Emergent BioSolutions Receives Orphan Drug Designation for BioThrax for Post-Exposure Prophylaxis of Anthrax Disease|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/emergent-biosolutions-receives-orphan-drug-designation-for-biothrax-for-post-exposure-prophylaxis-of-anthrax-disease-2014-04-21|access-date=August 29, 2016|work=Marketwatch.com|publisher=Dow Jones & Company|date=April 21, 2014}}</ref>		Maryland is home to defense contractor ], which manufactures and provides an ] to U.S. government military personnel.<ref>{{cite news|title=Emergent BioSolutions Receives Orphan Drug Designation for BioThrax for Post-Exposure Prophylaxis of Anthrax Disease|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/emergent-biosolutions-receives-orphan-drug-designation-for-biothrax-for-post-exposure-prophylaxis-of-anthrax-disease-2014-04-21|access-date=August 29, 2016|work=Marketwatch.com|publisher=Dow Jones & Company|date=April 21, 2014|archive-date=September 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918193256/http://www.marketwatch.com/story/emergent-biosolutions-receives-orphan-drug-designation-for-biothrax-for-post-exposure-prophylaxis-of-anthrax-disease-2014-04-21|url-status=live}}</ref>
	===Tourism===		===Tourism===
	]
	{{See also|List of National Historic Landmarks in Maryland}}		{{See also|List of National Historic Landmarks in Maryland}}
			], a beach resort along the ] and a popular tourist destination in Maryland]]
	Tourism is popular in Maryland, with tourists visiting the city of Baltimore, the beaches of the Eastern Shore, and the nature of western Maryland, as well as many passing through en route to Washington, D.C. Baltimore attractions include the ], the ], ], as well as the ] baseball stadium.
	] on the Atlantic Coast has been a popular beach destination in summer, particularly since the ] was built in 1952 connecting the Eastern Shore to the more populated Maryland cities.<ref name="baybridge.com-history"/> The state capital of ] offers sites such as the ], the ], and the waterfront.		Tourism is popular in Maryland. Many tourists visit Baltimore, the beaches of the Eastern Shore, and the nature of western Maryland. Attractions in Baltimore include the ], the ], ], as well as the ] baseball stadium. ] on the Atlantic Coast has been a popular beach destination in summer, particularly since the ] was built in 1952 connecting the Eastern Shore to the more populated Maryland cities.<ref name="baybridge.com-history"/> The state capital of ] offers sites such as the ], the ], and the waterfront. Maryland also has several sites of interest to military history, given Maryland's role in the ] and in the ]. Other attractions include the historic and picturesque towns along the ], such as ], Maryland's first colonial settlement and original capital.<ref name="darkroom.baltimoresun.com">{{cite news |first=Kenneth K. |last=Lam |title=Unearthing early American life in St. Mary's City: St. Mary's City is an archaeological jewel on Maryland's Western Shore |newspaper=Baltimore Sun |date=August 30, 2013 |url=http://darkroom.baltimoresun.com/2013/08/unearthing-early-american-life-in-st-marys-city/#1 |access-date=February 18, 2020 |archive-date=February 17, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217230409/http://darkroom.baltimoresun.com/2013/08/unearthing-early-american-life-in-st-marys-city/#1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
	Maryland also has several sites of interest to military history, given Maryland's role in the ] and in the ]. Other attractions include the historic and picturesque towns along the ], such as ], Maryland's first colonial settlement and original capital.<ref name="darkroom.baltimoresun.com">Kenneth K. Lam, "Unearthing early American life in St. Mary’s City: St. Mary’s City is an archaeological jewel on Maryland’s Western Shore", Baltimore Sun, Aug 30, 2013, http://darkroom.baltimoresun.com/2013/08/unearthing-early-american-life-in-st-marys-city/#1</ref>
			===Healthcare===
			{{Main|List of hospitals in Maryland|Maryland hospital payment system}}
			As of 2017, the top two health insurers including all types of insurance were ] with 47% market share followed by ] at 15%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/patient-support-advocacy/competition-health-insurance-research|title=Competition in health insurance research|website=American Medical Association|access-date=June 15, 2019|archive-date=June 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618001323/https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/patient-support-advocacy/competition-health-insurance-research|url-status=live}}</ref>
			Maryland has experimented with healthcare payment reforms, notably beginning in the 1970s with an ] program regulated by the Health Services Cost Review Commission.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |url=https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/forefront.20171214.96251/full/ |title=The Challenging Transformation Of Health Care Under Maryland's Global Budgets |journal=Health Affairs Forefront |year=2017 |doi=10.1377/forefront.20171214.96251 |last1=Galarraga |first1=Jessica |last2=Pines |first2=Jesse M. |access-date=March 29, 2022 |archive-date=May 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527115837/https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/forefront.20171214.96251/full/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2014, it switched to a global budget revenue system, whereby hospitals receive a ] payment to care for their population.<ref name=":3" />
	==Transportation==		==Transportation==
	The ] oversees most transportation in the state through its various administration-level agencies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mdot.state.md.us/Contact+Us/TSO+Executive+Staff+List_2 |title=MDOT Departments |accessdate=June 5, 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090525000636/http://www.mdot.state.md.us/Contact%20Us/TSO%20Executive%20Staff%20List_2 |archivedate=May 25, 2009 |deadurl=yes |df= }} '']''. Retrieved on March 23, 2009.</ref> The independent ] maintains and operates the state's eight toll facilities.		The ] oversees most transportation in the state through its various administration-level agencies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mdot.state.md.us/Contact+Us/TSO+Executive+Staff+List_2 |title=MDOT Departments |access-date=June 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090525000636/http://www.mdot.state.md.us/Contact%20Us/TSO%20Executive%20Staff%20List_2 |archive-date=May 25, 2009 |url-status=dead }} '']''. Retrieved on March 23, 2009.</ref> The independent ] maintains and operates the state's eight toll facilities.
	===Roads===		===Roads===
	{{See also|List of Interstate Highways in Maryland|List of Maryland state highways|List of minor Maryland state highways|List of former Maryland state highways}}		{{See also|List of Interstate Highways in Maryland|List of Maryland state highways|List of minor Maryland state highways|List of former Maryland state highways}}
			], which connects Maryland's ] and Western Shores]]
			Maryland's ] include {{convert|110|mi|km}} of ] (I-95), which enters the northeast portion of the state, travels through ], and becomes part of the eastern section of the ] to the ]. ] travels {{convert|81|mi|km}}, connecting the western portions of the state to ] at the small town of Hancock. I-70 enters from Pennsylvania north of Hancock and continues east for {{convert|93|mi|km}} to Baltimore, connecting ] and ] along the way.
	Maryland's ] include {{convert|110|mi|km}} of ] (I-95), which enters the northeast portion of the state, travels through ], and becomes part of the eastern section of the ] to the ]. ] travels {{convert|81|mi|km}}, connecting the western portions of the state to ] at the small town of Hancock. I-70 enters from Pennsylvania north of Hancock and continues east for {{convert|93|mi|km}} to Baltimore, connecting ] and ] along the way.		] has {{convert|34|mi|km}} in Maryland and connects Baltimore to southern central Pennsylvania (] and ]). Maryland also has an {{convert|11|mi|km|adj=on}} portion of ] that travels through the state near Hagerstown. ], fully contained within Anne Arundel County and the shortest ({{convert|17.6|mi|km}}) one- or two-digit interstate highway in the contiguous US, connects the Baltimore area to the Annapolis area.
			There are also several ] in Maryland. Among them are two beltways encircling the major cities of the region: ], the McKeldin (Baltimore) Beltway, which encircles Baltimore; and a portion of ], the Capital Beltway, which encircles ] ], which connects the Frederick area with ] and Washington, D.C. through major suburbs to the northwest of Washington, is a major commuter route and is as wide as fourteen lanes at points. ], also known as the Harbor Tunnel Thruway, provides an alternate route to I-95 across ].
	] has {{convert|34|mi|km}} in Maryland and connects Baltimore to southern central Pennsylvania (] and ]). Maryland also has an {{convert|11|mi|km|adj=on}} portion of ] that travels through the state near Hagerstown. ], fully contained within Anne Arundel County and the second shortest ({{convert|17.6|mi|km}}) one- or two-digit Interstate highway which connects the Baltimore area to the Annapolis area. Hawaii has one that is shorter.{{Clarify|date=May 2014}}
			Both I-270 and the Capital Beltway were extremely ]; however, the ] (ICC; ]) has alleviated some congestion over time. Construction of the ICC was a major part of the campaign platform of former Governor ], who was in office from 2003 until 2007, and of Governor ], who succeeded him. ], which is an ] concurrent with ]/], is the longest unsigned interstate in the country and connects ] and Washington, D.C. with ] and the ] via the ].
	There are also several ] in Maryland. Among them are two beltways encircling the major cities of the region: ], the McKeldin (Baltimore) Beltway, which encircles Baltimore; and a portion of ], the Capital Beltway, which encircles Washington, D.C. ], which connects the Frederick area with Northern Virginia and the District of Columbia through major suburbs to the northwest of Washington, is a major commuter route and is as wide as fourteen lanes at points.
			Maryland also has a ] system that contains routes numbered from 2{{spaces}}through 999, however most of the higher-numbered routes are either unsigned or are relatively short. Major state highways include Routes ] (Governor Ritchie Highway/Solomons Island Road/Southern Maryland Blvd.), ] (]/Southern Maryland Blvd./Patuxent Beach Road/St. Andrew's Church Road), ] (Branch Avenue/Leonardtown Road/Point Lookout Road), ], ] (York Road), ] (Georgia Avenue), ] (Paul T. Pitcher Memorial Highway), ] (Indian Head Highway), ] (Three Notch Road), ] (Baltimore-Washington Parkway), ] (Wisconsin Avenue/Rockville Pike/Frederick Road), ] (Queen Anne Highway/ Shore Highway), and ] (New Hampshire Avenue).
	Both I-270 and the Capital Beltway were extremely ]; however, the ] (ICC; ]) alleviated some of the congestion over time. Construction of the ICC was a major part of the campaign platform of former Governor ], who was in office from 2003 until 2007, and of Governor ], who succeeded him. ], which is an ] concurrent with ]/], is the longest unsigned interstate in the country and connects ] and ] with ] and the ] via the ].
	] connects Maryland's ] and ] Shores.]]
	Maryland also has a ] system that contains routes numbered from 2 through 999, however most of the higher-numbered routes are either unsigned or are relatively short. Major state highways include Routes ] (Governor Ritchie Highway/Solomons Island Road/Southern Maryland Blvd.), ] (]/Southern Maryland Blvd./Patuxent Beach Road/St. Andrew's Church Road), ] (Branch Avenue/Leonardtown Road/Point Lookout Road), ], ] (York Road), ] (Georgia Avenue), ] (Paul T. Pitcher Memorial Highway), ] (Indian Head Highway), ] (Three Notch Road), ] (Baltimore-Washington Parkway), ] (Wisconsin Avenue/Rockville Pike/Frederick Road), ] (Queen Anne Highway/ Shore Highway), and ] (New Hampshire Avenue).
	===Airports===		===Airports===
Line 837:		Line 982:
	Maryland's largest airport is ], more commonly referred to as BWI. The airport is named for the Baltimore-born ], the first African-American ]. The only other airports with commercial service are at ] and ].		Maryland's largest airport is ], more commonly referred to as BWI. The airport is named for the Baltimore-born ], the first African-American ]. The only other airports with commercial service are at ] and ].
	The Maryland suburbs of Washington, D.C. are also served by the other two airports in the region, ] and ], both in ]. The ] is the nation's oldest, founded in 1909, and is still used. ] trained military aviators at this location.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.collegeparkaviationmuseum.com/home.htm |title=College Park Aviation Museum Home |publisher=Collegeparkaviationmuseum.com |date=September 12, 2013 |accessdate=September 28, 2013 }}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://dmna.state.ny.us/historic/articles/humphrey.htm |title=Frederick E. Humphreys: First Military Pilot |publisher=New York State Division of Military and Naval Affairs: Military History |date=December 9, 2008 |accessdate=November 23, 2010 }}</ref>		The Maryland suburbs of Washington, D.C. are also served by the other two airports in the region, ] and ], both in ]. The ] is the nation's oldest, founded in 1909, and is still used. ] trained military aviators at this location.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.collegeparkaviationmuseum.com/home.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090727010523/http://www.collegeparkaviationmuseum.com/Home.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 27, 2009 |title=College Park Aviation Museum Home |publisher=Collegeparkaviationmuseum.com |date=September 12, 2013 |access-date=September 28, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://dmna.state.ny.us/historic/articles/humphrey.htm |title=Frederick E. Humphreys: First Military Pilot |publisher=New York State Division of Military and Naval Affairs: Military History |date=December 9, 2008 |access-date=November 23, 2010 |archive-date=July 19, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719090253/http://dmna.state.ny.us/historic/articles/humphrey.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
	===Rail===		===Rail===
	{{See also|List of Maryland railroads}}		{{See also|List of Maryland railroads}}
			{{Maryland rail network|collapse=y}}
	] trains, including the high speed ] serve Baltimore's ], ], ], and ] along the ] to ] ]. In addition, train service is provided to ] and ] by Amtrak's Washington, D.C., to ] ].
	], on the original B&O Railroad line, is the oldest remaining passenger station in the United States. The rail line is still used by ] for freight trains, and the station is now a museum.]]		], on the original ] line, the oldest remaining passenger station in the nation. The rail line is still used by ] for freight trains, and the station is now a museum.]]
			] trains, including the high-speed ] serve ] in ], ], ], and ] along the ] to ] ]. Train service is provided to ] and ] by ]'s Washington, D.C., to ] ].
	The ]'s ] ] and ] local bus systems (the ] and ] busiest in the nation of their respective modes) provide service in Montgomery and Prince George's counties and connect them to Washington D.C., with the express Metrobus ] serving ]. The ] (often abbreviated as "MTA Maryland"), a state agency part of the ] also provides transit services within the state. Headquartered in Baltimore, MTA's transit services are largely focused on central Maryland, as well as some portions of the Eastern Shore and Southern MD. Baltimore's ] and ] systems serve its densely populated inner-city and the surrounding suburbs. The MTA also serves the city and its suburbs with its ] service (the ] in the nation). The MTA's ] system provides express coach service on longer routes connecting Washington D.C. and Baltimore to parts of Central and Southern MD as well as the Eastern Shore. The commuter rail service, known as ], operates three lines which all terminate at ] and provide service to Baltimore's ] and ] stations, ], ], and ]. In addition, many suburban counties operate their own local bus systems which connect to and complement the larger MTA and WMATA/Metro services.		The ]'s ] ] and ] local bus systems (the ] and ] busiest in the nation of their respective modes) provide service in Montgomery and Prince George's counties and connect them to Washington D.C.. The ] (often abbreviated as "MTA Maryland"), a state agency part of the ] also provides transit services within the state. Headquartered in Baltimore, MTA's transit services are largely focused on central Maryland, as well as some portions of the Eastern Shore and Southern MD. Baltimore's ] and ] systems serve its densely populated inner-city and the surrounding suburbs. The MTA also serves the city and its suburbs with its ] service (the ] in the nation). The MTA's ] system provides express coach service on longer routes connecting Washington, D.C. and Baltimore to parts of Central and Southern MD as well as the Eastern Shore. The commuter rail service, known as ], operates three lines which all terminate at ] and provide service to Baltimore's ] and ] stations, ], ], and ]. In addition, many suburban counties operate local bus systems which connect to and complement the larger MTA and WMATA/Metro services.
			The MTA will also administer the ], an under-construction light rail line that will connect the Maryland branches of the ], ]/], and ] lines of the Washington Metro, as well as offer transfers to all three lines of the MARC commuter rail system.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Purple Line|url=https://www.purplelinemd.com/|access-date=January 12, 2021|website=MDOT MTA Purple Line|archive-date=January 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114234508/https://www.purplelinemd.com/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Shaver|first=Katherine|date=December 16, 2020|title=Maryland board approves $250 million legal deal to complete Purple Line construction|newspaper=]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/maryland-purple-line/2020/12/16/5a370bb8-3fb0-11eb-8bc0-ae155bee4aff_story.html|access-date=January 12, 2021|issn=0190-8286|archive-date=January 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114090513/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/maryland-purple-line/2020/12/16/5a370bb8-3fb0-11eb-8bc0-ae155bee4aff_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
	] is handled principally by two ]s, as well as several smaller regional and local carriers. ] has more extensive ] throughout the state, with {{convert|560|mi|km}},<ref name="CSXT">CSX Transportation. Jacksonville, FL (2010). {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021040014/http://www.csx.com/index.cfm/about-csx/company-overview/state-fact-sheets/maryland/ |date=October 21, 2011 }}</ref> followed by ]. Major ]s are located in Baltimore and Cumberland,<ref name="CSXT" /> with an ] terminal (rail, truck and marine) in Baltimore.<ref>Maryland Port Administration. Baltimore, MD. Retrieved October 31, 2011.</ref>
			] is handled principally by two ]s, as well as several smaller regional and local carriers. ] has more extensive ] throughout the state, with {{convert|560|mi|km}},<ref name="CSXT">CSX Transportation. Jacksonville, FL (2010). {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021040014/http://www.csx.com/index.cfm/about-csx/company-overview/state-fact-sheets/maryland/ |date=October 21, 2011 }}</ref> followed by ]. Major ]s are located in Baltimore and Cumberland,<ref name="CSXT" /> with an ] terminal (rail, truck and marine) in Baltimore.<ref>Maryland Port Administration. Baltimore, MD. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106031338/http://mpa.maryland.gov/content/seagirt-marine-terminal.php |date=January 6, 2012 }} Retrieved October 31, 2011.</ref>
	==Law and government==		==Law and government==
	]
	{{Main|Government of Maryland}}		{{Main|Government of Maryland}}
	{{See also|List of Governors of Maryland|Maryland Army National Guard|Maryland Air National Guard}}		{{See also|List of Governors of Maryland|Maryland Army National Guard|Maryland Air National Guard}}
			] in ] dates to 1772, and houses the Maryland General Assembly and offices of the ].]]
	The ] is conducted according to the ]. The government of Maryland, like the other 49 ], has exclusive authority over matters that lie entirely within the state's borders, except as limited by the ].
			] of Maryland in 1876]]
			The ] is conducted according to the ]. The government of Maryland, like the other 49 ], has exclusive authority over matters that lie entirely within the state's borders, except as limited by the ].
	Power in Maryland is divided among three branches of government: ], ], and ]. The ] is composed of the ] and the ]. ] is unique in the United States as the office is vested with significant authority in budgeting. The legislature may not increase the governor's proposed budget expenditures. Unlike many other states, significant autonomy is granted to many of Maryland's ].		Power in Maryland is divided among three branches of government: ], ], and ]. The ] is composed of the ] and the ]. ] is unique in the United States as the office is vested with significant authority in budgeting. Unlike many other states, significant autonomy is granted to many of Maryland's ].
	Most of the business of government is conducted in ], the state ]. Elections for governor and most statewide offices, as well as most county elections, are held in ] (even-numbered years not divisible by four).		Most of the business of government is conducted in ], the state ]; however some cabinet departments and state officials have their offices in ]. Elections for governor and most statewide offices, as well as most county elections, are held in ] (even-numbered years not divisible by four).
	The judicial branch of state government consists of one united District Court of Maryland that sits in every county and Baltimore City, as well as 24 Circuit Courts sitting in each County and Baltimore City, the latter being courts of general jurisdiction for all civil disputes over $30,000.00, all equitable jurisdiction and major criminal proceedings. The intermediate appellate court is known as the ] and the ] is the ]. The appearance of the judges of the Maryland Court of Appeals is unique; Maryland is the only state whose judges wear red robes.<ref>Lamy, Rudolf B. (2006). Monograph. (Annapolis, MD: Maryland State Law Library.)</ref>		The judicial branch of state government consists of one united ] that sits in every county and Baltimore City, as well as 24 ] sitting in each County and Baltimore City, the latter being courts of general jurisdiction for all civil disputes over $30,000, all equitable jurisdiction and major criminal proceedings. The intermediate appellate court is known as the ] and the ] is the ]. The appearance of the justices of the Supreme Court of Maryland is unique; Maryland is the only state whose justices wear red robes.<ref>Lamy, Rudolf B. (2006). {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425124651/http://www.lawlib.state.md.us/aboutus/history/judgesrobes.pdf |date=April 25, 2012 }} Monograph. (Annapolis, MD: Maryland State Law Library.)</ref>
	===Taxation===		===Taxation===
	Maryland imposes five ] brackets, ranging from 2 to 6.25 percent of personal income.<ref>{{cite web
	|url=http://www.bankrate.com/brm/itax/edit/state/profiles/state_tax_Md.asp
	|title=Maryland State taxes
	|publisher=BankRate.com
	|accessdate=April 9, 2008
	}}</ref> The city of Baltimore and Maryland's 23 counties levy local "piggyback" income taxes at rates between 1.25 and 3.2 percent of Maryland taxable income. Local officials set the rates and the revenue is returned to the local governments quarterly. The top income tax bracket of 9.45 percent is the fifth highest combined state and local income tax rates in the country, behind New York City's 11.35 percent, California's 10.3 percent, Rhode Island's 9.9 percent, and Vermont's 9.5 percent.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://individuals.marylandtaxes.com/incometax/localtax.asp |title=Maryland Income Tax Information – Local Tax Rates |publisher=Individuals.marylandtaxes.com |accessdate=September 22, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920134243/http://individuals.marylandtaxes.com/incometax/localtax.asp |archivedate=September 20, 2008 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
			Maryland imposes five ] brackets, ranging from 2{{spaces}}to 6.25 percent of personal income.<ref>{{cite web
	Maryland's state ] is 6 percent.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}} All real property in Maryland is subject to the ].{{citation needed|date=April 2017}} Generally, properties that are owned and used by religious, charitable, or educational organizations or property owned by the federal, state or local governments are exempt.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}} Property tax rates vary widely.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}} No restrictions or limitations on property taxes are imposed by the state, meaning cities and counties can set tax rates at the level they deem necessary to fund governmental services.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}}
			|url=http://www.bankrate.com/brm/itax/edit/state/profiles/state_tax_Md.asp
			|title=Maryland State taxes
			|publisher=BankRate.com
			|access-date=April 9, 2008
			|archive-date=August 13, 2009
			|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090813191003/http://www.bankrate.com/brm/itax/edit/state/profiles/state_tax_Md.asp
			|url-status=dead
			}}</ref> The city of Baltimore and Maryland's 23 counties levy local "piggyback" income taxes at rates between 1.25 and 3.2 percent of Maryland taxable income. Local officials set the rates and the revenue is returned to the local governments quarterly. The top income tax bracket of 9.45 percent is the fifth highest combined state and local income tax rates in the country, behind New York City's 11.35 percent, California's 10.3 percent, Rhode Island's 9.9 percent, and Vermont's 9.5 percent.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://individuals.marylandtaxes.com/incometax/localtax.asp |title=Maryland Income Tax Information—Local Tax Rates |publisher=Individuals.marylandtaxes.com |access-date=September 22, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920134243/http://individuals.marylandtaxes.com/incometax/localtax.asp |archive-date=September 20, 2008 }}</ref>
			Maryland's state ] is six percent.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://taxes.marylandtaxes.gov/Individual_Taxes/Individual_Tax_Types/Sales_and_Use_Tax/ |title=Sales and Use Tax |access-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707203153/https://taxes.marylandtaxes.gov/Individual_Taxes/Individual_Tax_Types/Sales_and_Use_Tax/ |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> All real property in Maryland is subject to the ].<ref name="dat.maryland.gov">{{cite web |url=https://dat.maryland.gov/realproperty/pages/HomeOwners-Guide.aspx |title=A Homeowner's Guide to Property Taxes and Assessments |access-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707203518/https://dat.maryland.gov/realproperty/pages/HomeOwners-Guide.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> Generally, properties that are owned and used by religious, charitable, or educational organizations or property owned by the federal, state or local governments are exempt.<ref name="dat.maryland.gov"/> Property tax rates vary widely.<ref name="dat.maryland.gov"/> No restrictions or limitations on property taxes are imposed by the state, meaning cities and counties can set tax rates at the level they deem necessary to fund governmental services.<ref name="dat.maryland.gov"/>
	===Elections===		===Elections===
	{{further|Politics of Maryland|Political party strength in Maryland}}		{{Main|Elections in Maryland}}
			{{Further|Political party strength in Maryland}}
			], the 39th ] during the ], the highest-ranking political leader from Maryland since the nation's founding]]
			Following the ], Maryland's elections have ] by the ], which accounted for 54.9% of the state's registered voters as of May 2017.<ref name="Maryland State Board of Elections">{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.state.md.us/voter_registration/stats.html|title=Voter Registration Statistics|author=Maryland State Board of Elections|access-date=February 24, 2016|archive-date=February 25, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225170208/http://www.elections.state.md.us/voter_registration/stats.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
			State elections are dominated by ] and four populous suburban counties bordering ], and Baltimore: ], ], ], and ]. As of July 2017,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2017/PEPANNRES/0400000US24.05000 |title=American FactFinder—Results |access-date=June 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213191656/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2017/PEPANNRES/0400000US24.05000 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 66 percent of the state's population resides in these six jurisdictions, most of which contain large, traditionally Democratic ]s: ] in Baltimore City and Prince George's; ] employees in Prince George's, Anne Arundel, and Montgomery; and ] in Montgomery. The remainder of the state, particularly ] and the ], is more supportive of ].{{citation needed|date=April 2017}} One of Maryland's best known political figures is a Republican – former governor ], who pled ] to tax evasion and resigned in 1973.<ref>{{cite book |last=Feerick |first=John D.|author-link=John Feerick|title=The Twenty-Fifth Amendment: Its Complete History and Application|edition=Third|orig-year=1976 |publisher=Fordham University Press |year=2014 |location=New York |isbn=978-0-8232-5200-8 |pages=132–133}}</ref>
	], former ], is the highest-ranking political leader from Maryland since the founding of the United States]]
			In ], Maryland was one of six states to vote for ]. In ], ] fared better in Maryland than any other state, except his home state of ]. In ], Maryland was Clinton's sixth best; in ], Maryland ranked fourth for Gore; and in ], ] showed his fifth-best performance in Maryland. In ], ] won the state's 10 electoral votes with 61.9 percent of the vote, to ]'s 36.5 percent.
	{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin:1em; font-size:95%;"
	|+ Maryland vote|Gubernatorial election results<ref name="Leip, David">{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/|title=General Election Results – Maryland|publisher=United States Election Atlas|accessdate=November 18, 2016|author=Leip, David}}</ref>
			In 2002, former Governor ] was the first Republican to be elected to that office in four decades, and after one term, he lost his seat to ] and Democrat ]. Ehrlich ran again for governor in 2010, losing again to O'Malley.
	|- style="background:lightgrey;"
	! Year
			{| class=wikitable
	! ]
			|+ Voter registration and party enrollment in Maryland<br>as of May 2024<ref>{{cite web |author=<!--not stated--> |date= |title=Voter Registration Statistics |url=https://elections.maryland.gov/voter_registration/stats.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202023651/https://elections.maryland.gov/voter_registration/stats.html |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |access-date=June 21, 2024 |publisher=Maryland State Board of Elections}}</ref>
	! ]
	|-		|-
			! colspan=2 | Party
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|]
			! Total
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|42.7% ''275,824
			! Percentage
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''57.3%''' ''369,807
	|-		|-
			| {{party color cell|Democratic Party (United States)}}
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|]
			| ]
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|45.5% ''319,033
			| style="text-align:center;" | 2,214,915
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''54.5%''' ''381,451
			| style="text-align:center;" | 52.75%
	|-		|-
			| {{party color cell|Republican Party (United States)}}
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|]
			| ]
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''63.6%''' ''485,061
			| style="text-align:center;" | 1,000,668
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|36.5% ''278,173
			| style="text-align:center;" | 23.83%
	|-		|-
			| {{party color cell|Independent Party (United States)}}
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|]
			| Independents / unaffiliated
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''55.6%''' ''428,071
			| style="text-align:center;" | 907,899
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|44.4% ''341,271
			| style="text-align:center;" | 21.62%
	|-		|-
			| {{party color cell|Libertarian Party (United States)}}
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|]
			| ]
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|40.6% ''373,543
			| style="text-align:center;" | 19,018
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''49.5%''' ''455,318
			| style="text-align:center;" | 0.45%
	|-
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|]
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''65.7%''' ''639,579
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|32.3% ''314,336
	|-		|-
			| {{party color cell|No Labels}}
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|]
			| ]
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''63.5%''' ''602,648
			| style="text-align:center;" | 1,858
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|36.5% ''346,449
			| style="text-align:center;" | 0.04%
	|-		|-
			| {{party color cell|Independent Party (United States)}}
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|]
			| Other parties
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''71.0%''' ''718,328
			| style="text-align:center;" | 54,299
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|29.0% ''293,635
			| style="text-align:center;" | 1.29%
	|-
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|]
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''62.0%''' ''705,910
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|38.0% ''432,826
	|-
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|]
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''82.4%''' ''907,291
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|17.6% ''194,185
	|-
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|]
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''59.8%''' ''664,015
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|40.2% ''446,980
	|-
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|]
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''50.2%''' ''708,094
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|49.8% ''702,101
	|-
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|]
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''55.1%''' ''846,972
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|44.8% ''688,357
	|-
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|]
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|47.7% ''813,422
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''51.6%''' ''879,592
	|-
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|]
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''52.7%''' ''942,279
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|46.2% ''825,464
	|-
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|]
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''56.2%''' ''1,044,961
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|41.8% ''776,319
	|-
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|]
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|47.3% ''818,890
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''51.0%''' ''884,400
	|-		|-
			! colspan=2 | Total
			! style="text-align:center;" | 4,185,173
			! style="text-align:center;" | 100.00%
	|}		|}
	{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin:1em; font-size:95%;"
	|+ Maryland vote|Presidential election results<ref name="Leip, David"/>
	|- style="background:lightgrey;"
	! Year
	! ]
	! ]
	|-
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|]
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|43.8% ''395,337
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''55.4%''' ''499,424
	|-
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|]
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|40.0% ''372,613
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''60.0%''' ''559,738
	|-
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|]
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''53.6%''' ''565,808
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|46.4% ''489,538
	|-
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|]
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''65.5%''' ''730,912
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|34.5% ''385,495
	|-
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|]
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''43.6%''' ''538,310
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|41.9% ''517,995
	|-
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|]
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|37.4% ''505,781
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''61.3%''' ''829,305
	|-
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|]
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''53.0%''' ''759,612
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|47.0% ''672,661
	|-
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|]
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}| '''47.1%''' ''726,161
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}| 44.2% ''680,606
	|-
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|]
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|47.0% ''787,935
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''52.5%''' ''879,918
	|-
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|]
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|48.2% ''826,304
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|'''51.1%''' ''876,167
	|-
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|]
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''49.8%''' ''988,571
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|35.6% ''707,094
	|-
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|]
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''54.3%''' ''966,207
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|38.3% ''681,530
	|-
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|]
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''56.6%''' ''1,145,782
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|40.2% ''813,797
	|-
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|]
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}| '''55.9%''' ''1,334,493
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|42.9% ''1,024,703
	|-
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|]
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''61.9%''' ''1,629,467
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|36.5% ''959,862
	|-
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|]
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''62.0%''' ''1,677,844
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|35.9% ''971,869
	|-
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|]
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''60.3%''' ''1,677,928
	|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|33.9% ''943,169
	|-
	|}
	] of the popular vote by county, 2016 presidential election.]]
	Since before the Civil War, Maryland's elections have been ] by the ], which account for 54.9% of all registered voters as of May 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.state.md.us/voter_registration/stats.html|title=Voter Registration Statistics|author=Maryland State Board of Elections|publisher=}}</ref>
	State elections are dominated by Baltimore and the populous suburban counties bordering ] and ]: ], ], ], and ]. As of July 2017,<ref>https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2017/PEPANNRES/0400000US24.05000</ref> sixty-six percent of the state's population resides in these six jurisdictions, most of which contain large, traditionally Democratic ]: ] in Baltimore City and Prince George's, ] employees in Prince George's, Anne Arundel, and Montgomery, and ] in Montgomery. The remainder of the state, particularly ] and the ], is more supportive of ].{{citation needed|date=April 2017}} One of Maryland's best known political figures is a Republican&nbsp;– former Governor ], who served under President ] as the U.S. Vice President from 1969 to 1973, when he resigned in the aftermath of findings that he had taken ] while he was Governor of Maryland. Though claiming innocence, Agnew negotiated a plea bargain and appeared before the federal court in Baltimore in October 1973, where he pled ] to one tax evasion felony charge and submitted his letter of resignation.<ref>{{cite book |last=Feerick |first=John D.|authorlink=John Feerick|title=The Twenty-Fifth Amendment: Its Complete History and Application|edition=Third|orig-year=1976 |publisher=Fordham University Press |year=2014 |location=New York |isbn=978-0-8232-5200-8 |pages=132–133}}</ref>
	In 1980, Maryland was one of six states to vote for ].{{citation needed|date=April 2017}} In 1992, ] fared better in Maryland than any other state except his home state of ].{{citation needed|date=April 2017}} In 1996, Maryland was Clinton's sixth best; in 2000, Maryland ranked fourth for Gore; and in 2004, ] showed his fifth-best performance in Maryland.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}} In 2008, ] won the state's 10 electoral votes with 61.9 percent of the vote to ]'s 36.5 percent.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}}
	In 2002, former Governor ] was the first Republican to be elected to that office in four decades, and after one term lost his seat to ] and Democrat ]. Ehrlich ran again for governor in 2010, losing again to O'Malley.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}}
	The 2006 election brought no change in the pattern of Democratic dominance. After Democratic Senator ] announced that he was retiring, Democratic Congressman ] defeated Republican Lieutenant Governor ], with 55 percent of the vote, against Steele's 44 percent.		The 2006 election brought no change in the pattern of Democratic dominance. After Democratic Senator ] announced that he was retiring, Democratic Congressman ] defeated Republican Lieutenant Governor ], with 55 percent of the vote, against Steele's 44 percent.
	While Republicans usually win more counties, by piling up large margins in the west and east, they are also usually swamped by the more densely populated and heavily Democratic Baltimore–Washington axis. In 2008, for instance, McCain won 17 counties to Obama's six; Obama also carried Baltimore City. While McCain won most of the western and eastern counties by margins of 2-to-1 or more, he was almost completely shut out in the larger counties surrounding Baltimore and Washington; every large county except Anne Arundel went for Obama.<ref>. CNN.com. Retrieved on July 12, 2013.</ref>		While Republicans typically win more counties in statewide elections by piling up large margins in the west and east, they are usually overcome by the densely populated and solidly Democratic Baltimore–Washington axis. In ], for instance, McCain won 17 counties to Obama's six (plus Baltimore City). While McCain won most of the western and eastern counties by margins of 2-to-1 or more, he was almost completely shut out in the larger counties surrounding Baltimore and Washington; every large county except Anne Arundel went for Obama, who won by 25 points statewide.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081107105721/http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2008/results/individual/#mapPMD |date=November 7, 2008 }}. CNN.com. Retrieved on July 12, 2013.</ref>
	From 2007 to 2011, U.S. Congressman ] (]), a ], was elected as ] for the ] of the ], and ], serving in that post. His district covers parts of ] and ] counties, in addition to all of ], ] and ] counties in ].<ref>], ]. ]. Retrieved December 8, 2006 from http://hoyer.house.gov</ref>		From 2007 to 2011, U.S. Congressman ] (]), a ], was elected as ] for the ] and ] of the ], serving in that post again from 2019 to 2023. In addition, Hoyer served as House Minority Whip from 2003 to 2006 and 2012 to 2018. His district covers parts of ] and ] counties, in addition to all of ], ], and ] counties in ].<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Steny Hoyer |title=Congressman Steny Hoyer |access-date=February 19, 2020 |url=https://hoyer.house.gov |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160907002807/https://hoyer.house.gov/ |archive-date=September 7, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
	In 2010, Republicans won control of most counties. The Democratic Party remained in control of eight county governments including ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Official Gubernatorial General Election results for Maryland|url=http://elections.maryland.gov/elections/2010/results/Primary/index.html|website=The State Board of Elections|publisher=State of Maryland|accessdate=September 29, 2016}}</ref>		In 2010, Republicans won control of most counties. The Democratic Party remained in control of eight county governments, including that of ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Official Gubernatorial General Election results for Maryland|url=http://elections.maryland.gov/elections/2010/results/Primary/index.html|website=The State Board of Elections|publisher=State of Maryland|access-date=September 29, 2016|archive-date=October 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018073309/http://elections.maryland.gov/elections/2010/results/Primary/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
			In ], ] became the first Democrat elected Governor of Maryland since ], replacing Republican ], who did not run for re-election due to term limits. Moore is the first African-American elected Governor of Maryland, and the fifth African-American governor in American history.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Daniels |first=Cheyanne M. |date=January 18, 2023 |title=Fast-rising Dem star Wes Moore to be inaugurated Wednesday |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/3816805-fast-rising-dem-star-wes-moore-to-be-inaugurated-wednesday/ |access-date=January 18, 2023 |website=The Hill |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118134414/https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/3816805-fast-rising-dem-star-wes-moore-to-be-inaugurated-wednesday/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
	In 2014, ], a Republican, was elected Governor of Maryland.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/md-politics/marylanders-head-to-the-polls-to-pick-governor-ag-other-local-and-state-officials/2014/11/03/88be207c-6378-11e4-bb14-4cfea1e742d5_story.html|title=Republican Larry Hogan wins Md. governor's race in stunning upset|work=Washington Post|accessdate=January 14, 2015}}</ref> Hogan is the second Republican to become the Governor of Maryland after Spiro Agnew, who resigned in 1969 to become Vice President.
	{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;float:right;"
	|+ Voter Registration by Party (May 2017)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.state.md.us/voter_registration/stats.html|title=Voter Registration Statistics|author=Maryland State Board of Elections|publisher=}}</ref>
	|-
	! colspan = 2 | Party
	! Number of Voters
	! Percentage
	|-
	{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}}
	| ]
	| style="text-align:center;"| 2,059,544
	| style="text-align:center;"| 54.9%
	|-
	{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}
	| ]
	| style="text-align:center;"| 1,020,438
	| style="text-align:center;"| 26.0%
	|-
	{{party color|Independent Party (United States)}}
	| Unaffiliated
	| style="text-align:center;"| 691,583
	| style="text-align:center;"| 17.6%
	|-
	{{party color|Libertarian Party (United States)}}
	| Libertarian
	| style="text-align:center;"| 20,377
	| style="text-align:center;"| 0.5%
	|-
	{{party color|Green Party (United States)}}
	| Green
	| style="text-align:center;"| 9,313
	| style="text-align:center;"| 0.2%
	|-
	{{party color|Libertarian Party (United States)}}
	| Other
	| style="text-align:center;"| 31,975
	| style="text-align:center;"| 0.8%
	|-
	! colspan = 2 | Total
	! style="text-align:center;"| 3,928,689
	! style="text-align:center;"| 100%
	|}
	==Media==		==Media==
			A well-known newspaper in Maryland is '']''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://library.dialog.com/bluesheets/html/bl0714.html|title=Bluesheets: (Baltimore) The Sun|publisher=Thomson Reuters|access-date=May 28, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710122729/http://library.dialog.com/bluesheets/html/bl0714.html|archive-date=July 10, 2011|date=September 1, 2005|url-status=dead}}</ref>
	A well known newspaper is ].{{See also|:Category:Maryland media}}
			Many residents of the ] receive ''].''{{citation needed|date=November 2022}}
			The most populous areas are served by either ] or ] broadcast stations. The Eastern Shore is served primarily by ] based around the ]; the northeastern section receives both Baltimore and ] stations. ], which is mountainous, is served by stations from ], and requires cable or satellite for reception. Maryland is served by statewide ] member station ] (MPT).{{citation needed|date=November 2022}}
	==Education==		==Education==
	===Primary and secondary education===		===Primary and secondary education===
	{{See also|List of school districts in Maryland|List of high schools in Maryland|Arts and culture of Maryland}}		{{See also|List of school districts in Maryland|List of high schools in Maryland|Arts and culture of Maryland}}
	], Maryland's flagship university.]]		], Maryland's flagship university]]
	]		]]]
	Education Week ranked Maryland #1 in its nationwide 2009–2013 Quality Counts reports.{{citation needed|date=January 2014}} The College Board's 9th Annual AP Report to the Nation also ranked Maryland first.{{citation needed|date=January 2014}} Primary and secondary education in Maryland is overseen by the ], which is headquartered in ].<!--Yes, folks, the SDOE offices are in Baltimore, ''not'' Annapolis--><ref>" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106053736/http://www.marylandpublicschools.org./MSDE/aboutmsde/department_info.htm |date=January 6, 2009 }}." '']''. Retrieved on March 22, 2009.</ref> The highest educational official in the state is the ], who is appointed by the ] to a four-year term of office. The Maryland General Assembly has given the Superintendent and State Board autonomy to make educationally related decisions, limiting its own influence on the day-to-day functions of public education. Each county and county-equivalent in Maryland has a ] charged with running the public schools in that particular jurisdiction.		''Education Week'' ranked Maryland #1 in its nationwide 2009–2013 Quality Counts reports.<ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://epe.brightspotcdn.com/8b/1f/c6947656463c895d5a67a45b83ca/16shr.md.h32.pdf#page=4 |year=2013 |journal=Education Week |title=Quality Counts – Maryland – State Highlights 2013 |page=4 |access-date=September 15, 2023 |archive-date=December 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225061056/https://epe.brightspotcdn.com/8b/1f/c6947656463c895d5a67a45b83ca/16shr.md.h32.pdf#page=4 |url-status=live }}</ref> Primary and secondary education in Maryland is overseen by the ], which is headquartered in ].<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106053736/http://www.marylandpublicschools.org./MSDE/aboutmsde/department_info.htm |date=January 6, 2009 }}. '']''. Retrieved on March 22, 2009.</ref> The highest educational official in the state is the ], who is appointed by the ] to a four-year term of office. The Maryland General Assembly has given the Superintendent and State Board autonomy to make educationally related decisions, limiting its influence on the day-to-day functions of public education. Each county and county-equivalent in Maryland has a ] charged with running the public schools in that particular jurisdiction.
	The budget for education was $5.5 billion in 2009, representing about 40 percent of the state's general fund.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gazette.net/stories/10302009/poliedi181547_32521.shtml |title=Slicing education? |accessdate=November 12, 2009 |date=October 30, 2009 |work=gazette.net |publisher=The Gazette |page=A-9 |quote=As it stands, the $5.5 billion Maryland spends on education makes up about 40 percent of the general fund budget.... }}</ref>		The budget for education was $5.5{{spaces}}billion in 2009, representing about 40 percent of the state's general fund.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gazette.net/stories/10302009/poliedi181547_32521.shtml |title=Slicing education? |access-date=November 12, 2009 |date=October 30, 2009 |website=gazette.net |publisher=The Gazette |page=A-9 |quote=As it stands, the $5.5 billion Maryland spends on education makes up about 40 percent of the general fund budget. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904001117/http://www.gazette.net/stories/10302009/poliedi181547_32521.shtml |archive-date=September 4, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Data from the 2017 census shows that, among large school districts, four Maryland districts are in the top six for per-pupil annual spending, exceeded only by the Boston and New York City districts.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/2019/comm/largest-school-districts.html|title=Top 10 Largest School Districts by Enrollment and Per Pupil Current Spending|date=January 31, 2022|website=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 31, 2022|archive-date=January 27, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127021133/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/2019/comm/largest-school-districts.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
	Maryland has a broad range of private primary and secondary schools. Many of these are affiliated with various religious sects, including ] of the ], ] schools, ] schools, and ] schools. In 2003, Maryland law was changed to allow for the creation of publicly funded charter schools, although the charter schools must be approved by their local Board of Education and are not exempt from state laws on education, including collective bargaining laws.		Maryland has a broad range of private primary and secondary schools. Many of these are affiliated with various religious sects, including ] of the ], ] schools, ] schools, and ] schools. In 2003, Maryland law was changed to allow for the creation of publicly funded charter schools, although the charter schools must be approved by their local Board of Education and are not exempt from state laws on education, including collective bargaining laws.
	In 2008, the state led the entire country in the percentage of students passing ] examinations. 23.4 percent of students earned passing grades on the AP tests given in May 2008. This marks the first year that Maryland earned this honor.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/02/04/AR2009020401459.html|title=Md. Leads U.S. in Passing Rates on AP Exams|last=de Vise|first=Daniel|date=February 5, 2009|newspaper=Washington Post|pages=B1|accessdate=February 18, 2009}}</ref> Three Maryland high schools (in Montgomery County) were ranked among the top 100 in the country by US News in 2009, based in large part on AP test scores.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/articles/education/high-schools/2008/12/04/best-high-schools-gold-medal-list.html?PageNr=1 |title=Best High Schools: Gold Medal List |work=usnews.com |publisher=] |accessdate=November 7, 2009 }}</ref>		In 2008, the state led the entire country in the percentage of students passing ] examinations. 23.4 percent of students earned passing grades on the AP tests given in May 2008. This marks the first year that Maryland earned this honor.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/02/04/AR2009020401459.html|title=Md. Leads U.S. in Passing Rates on AP Exams|last=de Vise|first=Daniel|date=February 5, 2009|newspaper=Washington Post|pages=B1|access-date=February 18, 2009|archive-date=November 13, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113095209/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/02/04/AR2009020401459.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Three Maryland high schools (in Montgomery County) were ranked among the top 100 in the country by US News in 2009, based in large part on AP test scores.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usnews.com/articles/education/high-schools/2008/12/04/best-high-schools-gold-medal-list.html?PageNr=1 |title=Best High Schools: Gold Medal List |website=usnews.com |publisher=] |access-date=November 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506130950/http://www.usnews.com/articles/education/high-schools/2008/12/04/best-high-schools-gold-medal-list.html?PageNr=1 |archive-date=May 6, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
	===Colleges and universities===		===Colleges and universities===
	{{See also|List of colleges and universities in Maryland}}		{{See also|List of colleges and universities in Maryland}}
	Maryland has several historic and renowned private colleges and universities, the most prominent of which is ], founded in 1876 with a grant from Baltimore entrepreneur ].		Maryland has several historic and renowned private colleges and universities, the most prominent of which is ], founded in 1876 with a grant from Baltimore entrepreneur ].
	The first public university in the state is the ], which was founded in 1807 and contains the University of Maryland's only public academic ], human services, and one of two ] (the other being the ]). Seven professional and graduate schools train the majority of the state's physicians, nurses, dentists, lawyers, social workers, and pharmacists.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.umaryland.edu/about-umb/umb-fast-facts/ |publisher=University of Maryland, Baltimore |title=UMB Fast Facts |access-date=May 21, 2017 }}</ref> The flagship university and largest undergraduate institution in Maryland is the ] which was founded as the Maryland Agricultural College in 1856 and became a public ] in 1864. ], founded in 1866, is the state's second largest university. Baltimore is home to the ] and the ]. The majority of public universities in the state are affiliated with the ]. Two state-funded institutions, ] and ], as well as two federally funded institutions, the ] and the ], are not affiliated with the University System of Maryland.		The first public university in the state is the ], which was founded in 1807 and contains the University of Maryland's only public academic ], human services, and one of two ] (the other being the ]). Seven professional and graduate schools train the majority of the state's physicians, nurses, dentists, lawyers, social workers, and pharmacists.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.umaryland.edu/about-umb/umb-fast-facts/ |publisher=University of Maryland, Baltimore |title=UMB Fast Facts |access-date=May 21, 2017 |archive-date=May 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525202958/http://www.umaryland.edu/about-umb/umb-fast-facts/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The flagship university and largest undergraduate institution in Maryland is the ] which was founded as the Maryland Agricultural College in 1856 and became a public ] in 1864. ], founded in 1866, is the state's second largest university.
			In 1974, Maryland, along with seven other states, mainly in the South, submitted plans to desegregate its state universities; Maryland's plans were approved by the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401010424/https://www.jbhe.com/chronology/ |date=April 1, 2019 }}, JBHE.</ref>
	] in ] and ] in ], both private institutions, are the two oldest colleges in the state, and are among the oldest in the country. Other private institutions include ], ] (formerly known as Western Maryland College), ], ] (formerly known as Villa Julie College), ], and ], among others.
			Baltimore is home to the ] and the ]. The majority of public universities in the state (Bowie State University, Coppin State University, Frostburg State University, Salisbury University and the University of Maryland-Eastern Shore) are affiliated with the ]. Two state-funded institutions, ] and ], as well as two federally funded institutions, the ] and the ], are not affiliated with the University System of Maryland. The ] is the largest public university in Maryland<ref>{{Cite web|title=Education Viewpoint: This pandemic puts online education in the spotlight|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/news/2020/04/08/viewpoint-this-pandemic-puts-online-education-in.html|last=Miyares|first=Javier|date=April 8, 2020|website=Baltimore Business Journal|access-date=May 16, 2020|archive-date=February 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210220153957/https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/news/2020/04/08/viewpoint-this-pandemic-puts-online-education-in.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and one of the largest distance-learning institutions in the world.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus accelerates higher education's trend toward distance learning|url=https://hechingerreport.org/coronavirus-accelerates-higher-educations-trend-toward-distance-learning/|last=D'Amato|first=Pete|date=May 1, 2020|website=The Hechinger Report|access-date=May 16, 2020|archive-date=May 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516215547/https://hechingerreport.org/coronavirus-accelerates-higher-educations-trend-toward-distance-learning/|url-status=live}}</ref>
			] in ] and ] in ], both private institutions, are the oldest colleges in the state and among the oldest in the country. Other private institutions include ], ] (formerly known as Western Maryland College), ], ] (formerly known as Villa Julie College), ], and ], among others.
	===Public libraries===		===Public libraries===
	Maryland's 24 public library systems deliver public education for everyone in the state of Maryland through a curriculum that comprises three pillars: Self-Directed Education (books and materials in all formats, e-resources), Research Assistance & Instruction (individualized research assistance, classes for students of all ages), and Instructive & Enlightening Experiences (e.g., Summer Reading Clubs, author events).		Maryland's 24 public library systems deliver public education for everyone in the state of Maryland through a curriculum that comprises three pillars: Self-Directed Education (books and materials in all formats, e-resources), Research Assistance & Instruction (individualized research assistance, classes for students of all ages), and Instructive & Enlightening Experiences (e.g., Summer Reading Clubs, author events).
	Maryland's library systems include, in part:		Maryland's library systems include, in part:
			* ]
	* ] System		* ]
	* ]		* ]
	* ]		* ]
			* Frederick County Public Library
	* ]		* ]
	* ]		* ]
	* ]		* ]
	* ]		* ]
	* St. Mary's County Public Library<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cosmos.somd.lib.md.us/|title=Home|publisher=}}</ref>		* St. Mary's County Public Library<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cosmos.somd.lib.md.us/|title=Home|access-date=November 14, 2016|archive-date=November 15, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115131855/https://cosmos.somd.lib.md.us/|url-status=live}}</ref>
	Many of the library systems have established formalized partnerships with other educational institutions in their counties and regions.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}}		Many of the library systems have established formalized partnerships with other educational institutions in their counties and regions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imls.gov/grants/grants-state/state-profiles/maryland|title=Institute of Museum and Library Services—Maryland State Profile|website=IMLS|access-date=February 26, 2019|archive-date=February 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227060812/https://www.imls.gov/grants/grants-state/state-profiles/maryland|url-status=live}}</ref>
	==Sports==		==Sports==
			{{See also|Sports in Maryland|List of people from Maryland#Athletes}}
	], home of the ]]]		], home of the ]]]
	], home of the ].]]		], home of the ]]]
			With two major metropolitan areas, Maryland has a number of major and minor professional sports franchises. Two ] teams play in Maryland, the ] in ] and the ] in ]. The ] represented the NFL in Baltimore from 1953 to 1983 before moving to ].
	{{see also|Sports in Maryland|List of people from Maryland#Athletes}}
	With two major metropolitan areas, Maryland has a number of major and minor professional sports franchises. Two ] teams play in Maryland, the ] in ] and the ] in ]. The ] represented the NFL in Baltimore from 1953 to 1983 before moving to ].
	The ] are the state's ] franchise. The ]'s ] and the ]'s ] formerly played in Maryland, until the construction of an arena in Downtown D.C. in 1997 (now known as ]).		The ] are the state's ] franchise. The ]'s ] and the ]'s ] formerly played in Maryland, until the construction of an arena in Washington, D.C. in 1997 (now known as ]). ]'s team is the ].
	Maryland enjoys considerable historical repute for the talented sports players of its past, including ] and ]. In 2012, '']'' published a list of Maryland's top ten athletes in the state's history. The list includes Babe Ruth, Cal Ripken Jr, ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{cite news|title=Top 10 Maryland athletes in The Sun's 175-year history|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/bal-top-175-top-10-story-gallery,0,2436595.storygallery|newspaper=Baltimore Sun|date=May 16, 2012|accessdate=March 16, 2013}}</ref>		Maryland enjoys considerable historical repute for the talented sports players of its past, including ] and ]. In 2012, '']'' published a list of Maryland's top ten athletes in the state's history. The list includes Babe Ruth, Cal Ripken Jr, ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{cite news|title=Top 10 Maryland athletes in The Sun's 175-year history|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/bal-top-175-top-10-story-gallery,0,2436595.storygallery|newspaper=Baltimore Sun|date=May 16, 2012|access-date=March 16, 2013|archive-date=January 20, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120112259/http://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/bal-top-175-top-10-story-gallery,0,2436595.storygallery|url-status=live}}</ref>
	Other professional sports franchises in the state include five affiliated ] teams, one ] team, the ] indoor soccer team, two indoor football teams, three low-level outdoor soccer teams, and the ] of ]. Maryland is also home to one of the three races in horse racing's annual Triple Crown, the ], which is run every spring at ] in Baltimore.		Other professional sports franchises in the state include three affiliated ] teams, one ] team, the ] indoor soccer team, two indoor football teams and three low-level outdoor soccer teams. Maryland is also home to one of the three races in horse racing's annual Triple Crown, the ], which is run every spring at ] in Baltimore. ] were a Canadian Football Team in the ] that played the 1994–95 season.
	The ] has hosted three golf tournaments for the ] and a ].		] has hosted three golf tournaments for the ] and a ].
	The official state sport of Maryland, since 1962, is ]; the official team sport since 2004 is ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/html/symbols/sport.html |title=State Symbols |accessdate=December 6, 2007 |publisher=Maryland State Archives}}</ref> The ] is located on the ] campus in Baltimore. In 2008, intending to promote physical fitness for all ages, walking became the official state exercise. Maryland is the first state with an official state exercise.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.journalism.umd.edu/cns/wire/2008-editions/09-September-editions/080930-Tuesday/WalkingState_CNS-UMCP.html |title=STATE SYMBOLS: Marylanders take a walk, and eat cake too |publisher=Journalism.umd.edu |date=September 30, 2008 |accessdate=September 28, 2013}}</ref>		The official state sport of Maryland, since 1962, is ]; the official team sport since 2004 is ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/html/symbols/sport.html |title=State Symbols |access-date=December 6, 2007 |publisher=Maryland State Archives |archive-date=May 27, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527151933/http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/html/symbols/sport.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The ] is located in ] at the ] headquarters. In 2008, intending to promote physical fitness for all ages, ] became the official state exercise. Maryland is the first state with an official state exercise.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.journalism.umd.edu/cns/wire/2008-editions/09-September-editions/080930-Tuesday/WalkingState_CNS-UMCP.html |title=State Symbols: Marylanders take a walk, and eat cake too |publisher=Journalism.umd.edu |date=September 30, 2008 |access-date=September 28, 2013 |archive-date=September 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130928143050/http://www.journalism.umd.edu/cns/wire/2008-editions/09-September-editions/080930-Tuesday/WalkingState_CNS-UMCP.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
			== Friendship partners ==
	{{clear}}
			Maryland has relationships with many provinces, states, and other entities worldwide.
			* {{flagicon|Liberia}} ] and ], in ]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.marylandsisterstates.org/about-bong-county-maryland-county-liberia/ |title=Bong County & Maryland County, Liberia |website=Maryland Sister States |access-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904145146/https://www.marylandsisterstates.org/about-bong-county-maryland-county-liberia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
			* {{flagicon|Mexico}} ], ] (1996)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.marylandsisterstates.org/about-state-of-jalisco-mexico |title=State of Jalisco, Mexico |website=Maryland Sister States |access-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903140450/https://www.marylandsisterstates.org/about-state-of-jalisco-mexico/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
			* {{flagicon|Nigeria}} ] and ]s, ]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.marylandsisterstates.org/about-cross-river-state-nigeria/ |title=Cross River State, Nigeria |website=Maryland Sister States |access-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-date=September 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918045936/https://www.marylandsisterstates.org/about-cross-river-state-nigeria/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.marylandsisterstates.org/about-ondo-state-nigeria/ |title=Ondo State, Nigeria |website=Maryland Sister States |access-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-date=September 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918043006/https://www.marylandsisterstates.org/about-ondo-state-nigeria/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
			* {{flagicon|South Africa}} ], ]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.marylandsisterstates.org/kwazulu-natal-south-africa/ |title=Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa |website=Maryland Sister States |access-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904145139/https://www.marylandsisterstates.org/kwazulu-natal-south-africa/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
			* {{flagicon|Indonesia}} ], ]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://net24jam.id/ternyata-ini-asal-usul-marelan-salah-satu-kecamatan-di-kota-medan/ |title=It turns out that this is the origin of Marelan, one of the sub-districts in Medan City |website=Net24jam.id |access-date=October 10, 2022 |archive-date=October 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022213147/https://net24jam.id/ternyata-ini-asal-usul-marelan-salah-satu-kecamatan-di-kota-medan/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
	==See also==		==See also==
	{{Portal|Maryland}}		{{Portal|Maryland|United States}}
	*]		* ]
	*]		* ]
			* ]
			* ], 4 ships
			==Notes==
			{{Notelist}}
	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist|30em}}		{{reflist}}
	==Bibliography==		==Bibliography==
	{{Refbegin|30em}}		{{Refbegin|30em}}
	*{{Cite book|title=Maryland, A Middle Temperament: 1634–1980 |last=Brugger |first=Robert J. |year=1988 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |location=Baltimore |isbn=0-8018-5465-2 |page= |pages= |url=https://books.google.com/?id=fNspu2FxwUwC&lpg=PP1}}		* {{Cite book|title=Maryland, A Middle Temperament: 1634–1980 |last=Brugger |first=Robert J. |year=1988 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |location=Baltimore |isbn=978-0-8018-5465-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fNspu2FxwUwC&pg=PP1}}
	*{{Cite book|title=Maryland: A History of its People |last=Chappelle |first=Susan Ellery Green|year=1986 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |location=Baltimore |isbn=0-8018-3005-2 |page= |pages= |url=https://books.google.com/?id=zw87C-gF8GgC&lpg=PP1|display-authors=etal}}		* {{Cite book|title=Maryland: A History of its People |last=Chappelle |first=Susan Ellery Green|year=1986 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |location=Baltimore |isbn=978-0-8018-3005-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zw87C-gF8GgC&pg=PP1|display-authors=etal}}
	*Davis, William Wilkins. ''Religion and Politics in Maryland on the Eve of the Civil War: The Letters of W. Wilkins Davis''. Foreword by Charles W. Mitchell. 1988; rev. ed., Eugene, Ore.: Wipf & Stock, 2009.		* Davis, William Wilkins. ''Religion and Politics in Maryland on the Eve of the Civil War: The Letters of W. Wilkins Davis''. Foreword by Charles W. Mitchell. 1988; rev. ed., Eugene, Ore.: Wipf & Stock, 2009.
	*{{Cite book|title=A Southern Star for Maryland |last=Denton |first=Lawrence M.|year=1995 |publisher=Publishing Concepts |location=Baltimore |isbn=0-9635159-3-4 |page= |pages= |url= |accessdate=}}		* {{Cite book|title=A Southern Star for Maryland |last=Denton |first=Lawrence M.|year=1995 |publisher=Publishing Concepts |location=Baltimore |isbn=978-0-9635159-3-3 }}
			* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QEALLg_Yo0wC&pg=PA5 |page=5 |title=My First Pocket Guide About Maryland |first=Carole |last=Marsh |publisher=Gallopade International |year=2011 |isbn=9780635086280 }}
	{{Refend}}		{{Refend}}
	==External links==		==External links==
	{{Sister project links|voy=Maryland}}		{{Sister project links|voy=Maryland}}
	* {{Official website|http://www.maryland.gov}}
			* {{Official website|1=https://www.maryland.gov/Pages/default.aspx?jse=0}}
	*
			* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105205944/http://visitmaryland.org/ |date=January 5, 2009 }}
	*
			*
	*		*
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	*		* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612165717/http://newadvent.org/cathen/09755b.htm |date=June 12, 2010 }}
	*		* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160824212759/http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=24&StateName=Maryland#.U8A5S_ldUeo |date=August 24, 2016 }}
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	*		* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110160015/https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/speccol/maps/carto/html/carto_h.html |date=November 10, 2018 }}
	*		* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719235924/https://www.mdhs.org/library/research-resources/county-maps |date=July 19, 2020 }}
	*		* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630123831/https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/speccol/1399/carto/html/hopkins.html |date=June 30, 2020 }}
			* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419133131/https://guides.loc.gov/maryland-state-guide |date=April 19, 2023 }}
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U.S. state This article is about the U.S. state. For other uses, see Maryland (disambiguation).

State in the United States

Maryland
State
FlagSeal
Nicknames: "Old Line State", "Free State", "Little America", "America in Miniature"
Mottoes:  "Fatti maschii, parole femine" (English: "Strong Deeds, Gentle Words") The Latin text encircling the seal: Scuto bonæ voluntatis tuæ coronasti nos ("With Favor Wilt Thou Compass Us as with a Shield") Psalm 5:12
Map of the United States with Maryland highlighted
Country	United States
Before statehood	Province of Maryland
Admitted to the Union	April 28, 1788 (7th)
Capital	Annapolis
Largest city	Baltimore
Largest county or equivalent	Montgomery
Largest metro and urban areas	Washington–Baltimore (combined) Baltimore (metro and urban)
Government
• Governor	Wes Moore (D)
• Lieutenant governor	Aruna Miller (D)
Legislature	General Assembly
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	House of Delegates
Judiciary	Supreme Court of Maryland
U.S. senators	Ben Cardin (D) Chris Van Hollen (D)
U.S. House delegation	7 Democrats 1 Republican (list)
Area
• Total	12,407 sq mi (32,133 km)
• Land	9,776 sq mi (25,314 km)
• Water	2,633 sq mi (6,819 km)  21%
• Rank	42nd
Dimensions
• Length	250 mi (400 km)
• Width	100 mi (200 km)
Elevation	350 ft (110 m)
Highest elevation	3,360 ft (1,024 m)
Lowest elevation	0 ft (0 m)
Population
• Total	6,177,224
• Rank	18th
• Density	632/sq mi (244/km)
• Rank	5th
• Median household income	$87,063
• Income rank	1st
Demonym	Marylander
Language
• Official language	None (English, de facto)
Time zone	UTC−05:00 (Eastern)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−04:00 (EDT)
USPS abbreviation	MD
ISO 3166 code	US-MD
Traditional abbreviation	Md.
Latitude	37° 53′ N to 39° 43′ N
Longitude	75° 03′ W to 79° 29′ W
Website	maryland.gov

State symbols of Maryland

List of state symbols
Flag of Maryland
Seal of Maryland
Coat of arms of Maryland
Song	None. Formerly: "Maryland, My Maryland" by James Ryder Randall (1861), (adopted 1939, repealed 2021)
Living insignia
Bird	Baltimore oriole
Cat breed	Calico cat
Crustacean	Blue crab
Dog breed	Chesapeake Bay Retriever
Fish	Rock fish
Flower	Black-eyed Susan
Horse breed	Thoroughbred
Insect	Baltimore checkerspot butterfly
Reptile	Diamondback terrapin
Tree	White oak
Inanimate insignia
Beverage	Milk
Dance	Square dance
Dinosaur	Astrodon johnstoni
Food	Smith Island cake
Fossil	Ecphora gardnerae gardnerae
Gemstone	Patuxent River stone
Ship	Skipjack
Sport	Jousting Lacrosse
State route marker
State quarter
Released in 2000
Lists of United States state symbols

Maryland (US: /ˈmɛrɪlənd/ MERR-il-ənd) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It borders Virginia to its south, West Virginia to its west, Pennsylvania to its north, Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean to its east, and the national capital of Washington, D.C. to the southwest. With a total area of 12,407 square miles (32,130 km), Maryland is the ninth-smallest state by land area, and its population of 6,177,224 ranks it the 18th-most populous state and the fifth-most densely populated. Maryland's capital is Annapolis, and the most populous city is Baltimore.

Maryland's coastline was first explored by Europeans in the 16th century. Prior to that, it was inhabited by several Native American tribes, mostly the Algonquian peoples. As one of the original Thirteen Colonies, Maryland was founded by George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, a Catholic convert who sought to provide a religious haven for Catholics persecuted in England. In 1632, Charles I of England granted Lord Baltimore a colonial charter, naming the colony after his wife, Henrietta Maria. In 1649, the Maryland General Assembly passed an Act Concerning Religion, which enshrined the principle of toleration. Religious strife was common in Maryland's early years, and Catholics remained a minority, albeit in greater numbers than in any other English colony. Maryland's early settlements and population centers clustered around waterways that empty into the Chesapeake Bay. Its economy was heavily plantation-based and centered mostly on the cultivation of tobacco. Demand for cheap labor from Maryland colonists led to the importation of numerous indentured servants and enslaved Africans. In 1760, Maryland's current boundaries took form following the settlement of a long-running border dispute with Pennsylvania. Many of its citizens played key political and military roles in the American Revolutionary War. Although it was a slave state, Maryland remained in the Union during the American Civil War, and its proximity to Washington D.C. and Virginia made it a significant strategic location. After the Civil War ended, Maryland took part in the Industrial Revolution, driven by its seaports, railroad networks, and mass immigration from Europe.

Since the 1940s, the state's population has grown rapidly, to approximately six million residents, and it is among the most densely populated U.S. states. As of 2015, Maryland had the highest median household income of any state, owing in large part to its proximity to Washington, D.C., and a highly diversified economy spanning manufacturing, retail services, public administration, real estate, higher education, information technology, defense contracting, health care, and biotechnology. Maryland is one of the most multicultural states in the country; it is one of the six states where non-Whites compose a majority of the population, with the fifth-highest percentage of African Americans, and high numbers of residents born in Africa, Asia, Central America, and the Caribbean. The state's central role in U.S. history is reflected by its hosting of some of the highest numbers of historic landmarks per capita.

The western portion of the state contains stretches of the Appalachian Mountains, the central portion is primarily composed of the Piedmont, and the eastern side of the state makes up a significant portion of Chesapeake Bay. Sixteen of Maryland's twenty-three counties, and the city of Baltimore, border the tidal waters of the Chesapeake Bay estuary and its many tributaries, which combined total more than 4,000 miles of shoreline. Although one of the smallest states in the U.S., it features a variety of climates and topographical features that have earned it the moniker of America in Miniature. In a similar vein, Maryland's geography, culture, and history combine elements of the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, and Southern regions of the country.

History

Main articles: History of Maryland and Native American tribes in Maryland

17th century

Maryland's first colonial settlement

Main article: Province of Maryland

What is now Maryland was originally inhabited by tribes such as the Piscataway (including the Patuxent), the Nanticoke (including the Tocwogh, the Ozinie and other subdivisions), the Powhatan, the Lenape, the Susquehannock, the Shawnee, the Tutelo, the Saponi, the Pocomoke and the Massawomeck. George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore (1579–1632), sought a charter from King Charles I for the territory between Massachusetts to the north and Virginia to the immediate south. After Baltimore died in April 1632, the charter was granted to his son, Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (1605–1675), on June 20, 1632. Officially, the new "Maryland Colony" was named in honor of Henrietta Maria of France, wife of Charles I. Lord Baltimore initially proposed the name "Crescentia", the land of growth or increase, but "the King proposed Terra Mariae , which was concluded on and inserted in the bill."

The original capital of Maryland was St. Mary's City, on the north shore of the Potomac River, and the county surrounding it, the first erected/created in the province, was first called Augusta Carolina, after the King, and later named St. Mary's County.

Lord Baltimore's first settlers arrived in the new colony in March 1634, with his younger brother the Honorable Leonard Calvert (1606–1647), as first provincial Governor of Maryland. They made their first permanent settlement at St. Mary's City in what is now St. Mary's County. They purchased the site from the paramount chief of the region, who was eager to establish trade. St. Mary's became the first capital of Maryland, and remained so for 60 years until 1695. More settlers soon followed. Their tobacco crops were successful and quickly made the new colony profitable. However, given the incidence of malaria, yellow fever, and typhoid, life expectancy in Maryland was about 10 years less than in New England.

Persecution of Catholics

See also: Plundering Time

Maryland was founded to provide a haven for England's Roman Catholic minority. Although Maryland was the most heavily Catholic of the English mainland colonies, the religion was still in the minority, consisting of less than 10% of the total population.

In 1642, a number of Puritans left Virginia for Maryland and founded the city of Providence, now called Annapolis, on the western shore of the upper Chesapeake Bay. A dispute with traders from Virginia over Kent Island in the Chesapeake led to armed conflict. In 1644, William Claiborne, a Puritan, seized Kent Island while his associate, the pro-Parliament Puritan Richard Ingle, took over St. Mary's. Both used religion as a tool to gain popular support. The two years from 1644 to 1646 when Claiborne and his Puritan associates held sway were known as "The Plundering Time". They captured Jesuit priests, imprisoned them, then sent them back to England.

In 1646, Leonard Calvert returned with troops, recaptured St. Mary's City, and restored order. The House of Delegates passed the "Act concerning Religion" in 1649 granting religious liberty to all Trinitarian Christians.

In 1650, the Puritans revolted against the proprietary government. "Protestants swept the Catholics out of the legislature ... and religious strife returned." The Puritans set up a new government prohibiting both Roman Catholicism and Anglicanism. The Puritan revolutionary government persecuted Maryland Catholics during its reign, known as the "plundering time". Mobs burned down all the original Catholic churches of southern Maryland. The Puritan rule lasted until 1658 when the Calvert family and Lord Baltimore regained proprietary control and re-enacted the Toleration Act.

After England's Glorious Revolution in 1688, Maryland outlawed Catholicism. In 1704, the Maryland General Assembly prohibited Catholics from operating schools, limited the corporate ownership of property to hamper religious orders from expanding or supporting themselves, and encouraged the conversion of Catholic children. The celebration of the Catholic sacraments was also officially restricted. This state of affairs lasted until after the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783). Wealthy Catholic planters built chapels on their land to practice their religion in relative secrecy.

Into the 18th century, individual priests and lay leaders claimed Maryland farms belonging to the Jesuits as personal property and bequeathed them in order to evade the legal restrictions on religious organizations' owning property.

Border disputes (1681–1760)

Main articles: Penn–Calvert Boundary Dispute and Cresap's War

The royal charter granted Maryland the land north of the Potomac River up to the 40th parallel. A problem arose when Charles II granted a charter for Pennsylvania. The grant defined Pennsylvania's southern border as identical to Maryland's northern border, the 40th parallel. But the grant indicated that Charles II and William Penn assumed the 40th parallel would pass close to New Castle, Delaware when it falls north of Philadelphia, the site of which Penn had already selected for his colony's capital city. Negotiations ensued after the problem was discovered in 1681.

A compromise proposed by Charles II in 1682 was undermined by Penn's receiving the additional grant of what is now Delaware. Penn successfully argued that the Maryland charter entitled Lord Baltimore only to unsettled lands, and Dutch settlement in Delaware predated his charter. The dispute remained unresolved for nearly a century, carried on by the descendants of William Penn and Lord Baltimore—the Calvert family, which controlled Maryland, and the Penn family, which controlled Pennsylvania.

The border dispute with Pennsylvania led to Cresap's War in the 1730s. Hostilities erupted in 1730 and escalated through the first half of the decade, culminating in the deployment of military forces by Maryland in 1736 and by Pennsylvania in 1737. The armed phase of the conflict ended in May 1738 with the intervention of King George II, who compelled the negotiation of a cease-fire. A provisional agreement had been established in 1732.

Negotiations continued until a final agreement was signed in 1760. The agreement defined the border between Maryland and Pennsylvania as the line of latitude now known as the Mason–Dixon line. Maryland's border with Delaware was based on a Transpeninsular Line and the Twelve-Mile Circle around New Castle.

18th century

Main articles: American Revolutionary War, Maryland in the American Revolution, Lee Resolution, United States Declaration of Independence, Philadelphia campaign, Articles of Confederation § Ratification, Treaty of Paris (1783), Mount Vernon Conference, Annapolis Convention (1786), Constitutional Convention (United States), Admission to the Union, and List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union

Most of the English colonists arrived in Maryland as indentured servants, and had to serve a several years' term as laborers to pay for their passage. In the early years, the line between indentured servants and African slaves or laborers was fluid, and white and black laborers commonly lived and worked together, and formed unions. Mixed-race children born to white mothers were considered free by the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, by which children took the social status of their mothers, a principle of slave law that was adopted throughout the colonies, following Virginia in 1662.

Many of the free black families migrated to Delaware, where land was cheaper. As the flow of indentured laborers to the colony decreased with improving economic conditions in England, planters in Maryland imported thousands more slaves and racial caste lines hardened.

Maryland was one of the thirteen colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution. Near the end of the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), on February 2, 1781, Maryland became the last and 13th state to approve the ratification of the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, first proposed in 1776 and adopted by the Second Continental Congress in 1778, which brought into being the United States as a united, sovereign and national state. It also became the seventh state admitted to the Union after ratifying the new federal Constitution in 1788. In December 1790, prior to the move of the national capital from Philadelphia in 1800, Maryland donated land selected by first President George Washington to the federal government for its creation. The land was provided along the north shore of the Potomac River from Montgomery and Prince George's counties, as well as from Fairfax County and Alexandria on the south shore of the Potomac in Virginia; however, the land donated by the Commonwealth of Virginia was later returned to that state by the District of Columbia retrocession in 1846.

19th century

Influenced by a changing economy, revolutionary ideals, and preaching by ministers, numerous planters in Maryland freed their slaves in the 20 years after the Revolutionary War. Across the Upper South the free black population increased from less than 1% before the war to 14% by 1810. Abolitionists Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglass were born slaves during this time in Dorchester County and Talbot County, respectively.

During the War of 1812, the British military attempted to capture Baltimore, which was protected by Fort McHenry. During its bombardment the song "The Star-Spangled Banner" was written by Francis Scott Key; it was later adopted as the national anthem.

National Road, later renamed U.S. Route 40, was authorized in 1817 as the federal highway, and ran from Baltimore to St. Louis. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O), the first chartered railroad in the United States, opened its first section of track for regular operation in 1830 between Baltimore and Ellicott City, and in 1852 it became the first rail line to reach the Ohio River from the eastern seaboard.

Civil War

Main article: Maryland in the American Civil War

The state remained in the Union during the American Civil War, due in significant part to demographics and Federal intervention. The 1860 census, held shortly before the outbreak of the civil war, showed that 49% of Maryland's African Americans were free.

Governor Thomas Holliday Hicks suspended the state legislature, and to help ensure the election of a new pro-union governor and legislature, President Abraham Lincoln had a number of its pro-slavery politicians arrested, including the Mayor of Baltimore, George William Brown; suspended several civil liberties, including habeas corpus; and ordered artillery placed on Federal Hill overlooking Baltimore.

In April 1861, Federal units and state regiments were attacked as they marched through Baltimore, sparking the Baltimore riot of 1861, the first bloodshed in the Civil War. Of the 115,000 Marylanders who joined the military during the Civil War, around 85,000, or 77%, joined the Union army, while the remainder joined the Confederate Army. The largest and most significant battle in the state was the Battle of Antietam on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg. Although a tactical draw, the battle was considered a strategic Union victory and a turning point of the war.

Post-Civil War

A new state constitution in 1864 abolished slavery and Maryland was first recognized as a "Free State" in that context. Following passage of constitutional amendments that granted voting rights to freedmen, in 1867 the state extended suffrage to non-white males.

The Democratic Party rapidly regained power in the state from Republicans. Democrats replaced the Constitution of 1864 with the Constitution of 1867. Following the end of Reconstruction in 1877, Democrats devised means of disenfranchising blacks, initially by physical intimidation and voter fraud, later by constitutional amendments and laws. Blacks and immigrants, however, resisted Democratic Party disfranchisement efforts in the state. Maryland blacks were part of a biracial Republican coalition elected to state government in 1896–1904 and comprised 20% of the electorate.

Compared to some other states, blacks were better established both before and after the civil war. Nearly half the black population was free before the war, and some had accumulated property. Half the population lived in cities. Literacy was high among blacks and, as Democrats crafted means to exclude them, suffrage campaigns helped reach blacks and teach them how to resist. Whites did impose racial segregation in public facilities and Jim Crow laws, which effectively lasted until the passage of federal civil rights legislation in the mid-1960s.

Baltimore grew significantly during the Industrial Revolution, due in large part to its seaport and good railroad connections, attracting European immigrant labor. Many manufacturing businesses were established in the Baltimore area after the Civil War. Baltimore businessmen, including Johns Hopkins, Enoch Pratt, George Peabody, and Henry Walters, founded notable city institutions that bear their names, including respectively a university, library system, music and dance conservatory, and art museum.

Cumberland was Maryland's second-largest city in the 19th century. Nearby supplies of natural resources along with railroads fostered its growth into a major manufacturing center.

20th century

The Progressive Era of the late 19th and early 20th centuries brought political reforms. In a series of laws passed between 1892 and 1908, reformers worked for standard state-issued ballots (rather than those distributed and marked by the parties); obtained closed voting booths to prevent party workers from "assisting" voters; initiated primary elections to keep party bosses from selecting candidates; and had candidates listed without party symbols, which discouraged the illiterate from participating. These measures worked against ill-educated whites and blacks. Blacks resisted such efforts, with suffrage groups conducting voter education. Blacks defeated three efforts to disenfranchise them, making alliances with immigrants to resist various Democratic campaigns. Disenfranchisement bills in 1905, 1907, and 1911 were rebuffed, in large part because of black opposition. Blacks comprised 20% of the electorate and immigrants comprised 15%, and the legislature had difficulty devising requirements against blacks that did not also disadvantage immigrants.

The Progressive Era also brought reforms in working conditions for Maryland's labor force. In 1902, the state regulated conditions in mines; outlawed child laborers under the age of 12; mandated compulsory school attendance; and enacted the nation's first workers' compensation law. The workers' compensation law was overturned in the courts, but was redrafted and finally enacted in 1910.

The Great Baltimore Fire of 1904 burned for more than 30 hours, destroying 1,526 buildings and spanning 70 city blocks. More than 1,231 firefighters worked to bring the blaze under control.

With the nation's entry into World War I in 1917, new military bases such as Camp Meade, the Aberdeen Proving Ground, and the Edgewood Arsenal were established. Existing facilities, including Fort McHenry, were greatly expanded.

After Georgia congressman William D. Upshaw criticized Maryland openly in 1923 for not passing Prohibition laws, Baltimore Sun editor Hamilton Owens coined the "Free State" nickname for Maryland in that context, which was popularized by H. L. Mencken in a series of newspaper editorials.

Maryland's urban and rural communities had different experiences during the Great Depression. The "Bonus Army" marched through the state in 1932 on its way to Washington, D.C. Maryland instituted its first income tax in 1937 to generate revenue for schools and welfare.

Passenger and freight steamboat service, once important throughout Chesapeake Bay and its many tributary rivers, ended in 1962.

Baltimore was a major war production center during World War II. The biggest operations were Bethlehem Steel's Fairfield Yard, which built Liberty ships; and Glenn Martin, an aircraft manufacturer.

Maryland experienced population growth following World War II. Beginning in the 1960s, as suburban growth took hold around Washington, D.C. and Baltimore, the state began to take on a more mid-Atlantic culture as opposed to the traditionally Southern and Tidewater culture that previously dominated most of the state. Agricultural tracts gave way to residential communities, some of them carefully planned such as Columbia, St. Charles, and Montgomery Village. Concurrently the Interstate Highway System was built throughout the state, most notably I-95, I-695, and the Capital Beltway, altering travel patterns. In 1952, the eastern and western halves of Maryland were linked for the first time by the Chesapeake Bay Bridge, which replaced a nearby ferry service.

Maryland's regions experienced economic changes following WWII. Heavy manufacturing declined in Baltimore. In Maryland's four westernmost counties, industrial, railroad, and coal mining jobs declined. On the lower Eastern Shore, family farms were bought up by major concerns and large-scale poultry farms and vegetable farming became prevalent. In Southern Maryland, tobacco farming nearly vanished due to suburban development and a state tobacco buy-out program in the 1990s.

In an effort to reverse depopulation due to the loss of working-class industries, Baltimore initiated urban renewal projects in the 1960s with Charles Center and the Baltimore World Trade Center. Some resulted in the break-up of intact residential neighborhoods, producing social volatility, and some older residential areas around the harbor have had units renovated and have become popular with new populations.

Geography

See also: Geography of Maryland, List of islands of Maryland, and List of rivers of Maryland

Maryland has an area of 12,406.68 square miles (32,133.2 km) and is comparable in overall area with Belgium . It is the 42nd-largest and 9th-smallest state and is closest in size to the state of Hawaii , the next smallest state. The next largest state is Maryland's neighbor, West Virginia, which is nearly twice the size of Maryland .

Description

Maryland possesses a variety of topography within its borders, contributing to its nickname America in Miniature. It ranges from sandy dunes dotted with seagrass in the east, to low marshlands teeming with wildlife and large bald cypress near the Chesapeake Bay, to gently rolling hills of oak forests in the Piedmont Region, and pine groves in the Maryland mountains to the west.

Maryland is bounded on its north by Pennsylvania, on its north and east by Delaware, on its east by the Atlantic Ocean, and on its south and west, across the Potomac River, by West Virginia and Virginia. The mid-portion of its border with Virginia is interrupted by Washington, D.C., which sits on land that was originally part of Montgomery and Prince George's counties and including Georgetown, Maryland, which was ceded to the United States federal government in 1790 to form the Washington, D.C. Chesapeake Bay nearly bisects the state, and the counties east of the bay are known collectively as the Eastern Shore.

Most of the state's waterways are part of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, with the exceptions of a tiny portion of extreme western Garrett County (drained by the Youghiogheny River as part of the watershed of the Mississippi River), the eastern half of Worcester County (which drains into Maryland's Atlantic coastal bays), and a small portion of the state's northeast corner (which drains into the Delaware River watershed). So prominent is the Chesapeake in Maryland's geography and economic life that there has been periodic agitation to change the state's official nickname to the "Bay State", a nickname that has been used by Massachusetts for decades.

The highest point in Maryland, with an elevation of 3,360 feet (1,020 m), is Hoye Crest on Backbone Mountain, in the southwest corner of Garrett County, near the border with West Virginia, and near the headwaters of the North Branch of the Potomac River. Close to the small town of Hancock, in western Maryland, about two-thirds of the way across the state, less than 2 miles (3.2 km) separates its borders, the Mason–Dixon line to the north, and the northwards-arching Potomac River to the south.

Portions of Maryland are included in various official and unofficial geographic regions. For example, the Delmarva Peninsula is composed of the Eastern Shore counties of Maryland, the entire state of Delaware, and the two counties that make up the Eastern Shore of Virginia, whereas the westernmost counties of Maryland are considered part of Appalachia. Much of the Baltimore–Washington corridor lies just south of the Piedmont in the Coastal Plain, though it straddles the border between the two regions.

Geology

Earthquakes in Maryland are infrequent and small due to the state's distance from seismic/earthquake zones. The M5.8 Virginia earthquake in 2011 was felt moderately throughout Maryland. Buildings in the state are not well-designed for earthquakes and can suffer damage easily. As well as this, notably a M4.8 earthquake from Tewksbury in central New Jersey was felt slightly throughout Maryland.

Maryland has no natural lakes, mostly due to the lack of glacial history in the area. All lakes in the state today were constructed, mostly via dams. Buckel's Bog is believed by geologists to have been a remnant of a former natural lake.

Maryland has shale formations containing natural gas, where fracking is theoretically possible.

Flora

As is typical of states on the East Coast, Maryland's plant life is abundant and healthy. An adequate volume of annual precipitation helps to support many types of plants, including seagrass and various reeds at the smaller end of the spectrum to the gigantic Wye Oak, a huge example of white oak, the state tree, which can grow over 70 feet (21 m) tall.

Middle Atlantic coastal forests, typical of the southeastern Atlantic coastal plain, grow around Chesapeake Bay and on the Delmarva Peninsula. Moving west, a mixture of Northeastern coastal forests and Southeastern mixed forests cover the central part of the state. The Appalachian Mountains of western Maryland are home to Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests. These give way to Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests near the West Virginia border.

Many foreign species are cultivated in the state, some as ornamentals, others as novelty species. Included among these are the crape myrtle, Italian cypress, southern magnolia, live oak in the warmer parts of the state, and even hardy palm trees in the warmer central and eastern parts of the state. USDA plant hardiness zones in the state range from Zones 5 and 6 in the extreme western part of the state to Zone 7 in the central part, and Zone 8 around the southern part of the coast, the bay area, and parts of metropolitan Baltimore. Invasive plant species, such as kudzu, tree of heaven, multiflora rose, and Japanese stiltgrass, stifle growth of endemic plant life. Maryland's state flower, the black-eyed susan, grows in abundance in wild flower groups throughout the state.

Fauna

The state harbors a considerable number of white-tailed deer, especially in the woody and mountainous west of the state, and overpopulation can become a problem. Mammals can be found ranging from the mountains in the west to the central areas and include black bears, bobcats, foxes, coyotes, raccoons, and otters.

There is a population of rare wild (feral) horses found on Assateague Island. They are believed to be descended from horses who escaped from Spanish galleon shipwrecks. Every year during the last week of July, they are captured and swim across a shallow bay for sale at Chincoteague, Virginia, a conservation technique which ensures the tiny island is not overrun by the horses. The ponies and their sale were popularized by the children's book, Misty of Chincoteague.

The purebred Chesapeake Bay Retriever dog was bred specifically for water sports, hunting and search and rescue in the Chesapeake area. In 1878, the Chesapeake Bay Retriever was the first individual retriever breed recognized by the American Kennel Club. and was later adopted by the University of Maryland, Baltimore County as their mascot.

Maryland's reptile and amphibian population includes the diamondback terrapin turtle, which was adopted as the mascot of University of Maryland, College Park, as well as the threatened Eastern box turtle. The state is part of the territory of the Baltimore oriole, which is the official state bird and mascot of the MLB team the Baltimore Orioles. Aside from the oriole, 435 other species of birds have been reported from Maryland.

The state insect is the Baltimore checkerspot butterfly, although it is not as common in Maryland as it is in the southern edge of its range.

Environment

Maryland joined with neighboring states during the end of the 20th century to improve the health of the Chesapeake Bay. The bay's aquatic life and seafood industry have been threatened by development and by fertilizer and livestock waste entering the bay.

In 2007, Forbes.com rated Maryland as the fifth "Greenest" state in the country, behind three of the Pacific States and Vermont. Maryland ranks 40th in total energy consumption nationwide, and it managed less toxic waste per capita than all but six states in 2005. In April 2007, Maryland joined the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) — a regional initiative, formed by all the Northeastern states, Washington, D.C., and three Canadian provinces, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In March 2017, Maryland became the first state with proven gas reserves to ban fracking by passing a law against it. Vermont has such a law, but no shale gas, and New York has such a ban, though it was made by executive order.

In 2023, AES Corporation announced its intent to retire the 23-year-old Warrior Run coal plant in June 2024. It was the state's last coal-fired power plant that did not already have plans to shut down.

Climate

Further information: Climate change in Maryland

Maryland has a wide array of climates, due to local variances in elevation, proximity to water, and protection from colder weather due to downslope winds. The eastern half of Maryland, which includes Ocean City, Salisbury, Annapolis, and the southern and eastern suburbs of Washington, D.C., and Baltimore, lies on the Atlantic Coastal Plain, with flat topography and sandy or muddy soil. This region has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with hot, humid summers and cool to cold winters; it falls under USDA Hardiness zone 8a.

The Piedmont region, which includes northern and western greater Baltimore, Westminster, Gaithersburg, Frederick, and Hagerstown, has average seasonal snowfall totals generally exceeding 20 inches (51 cm), and, as part of USDA Hardiness zones 7b and 7a, temperatures below 10 °F (−12 °C) are less rare. From the Cumberland Valley on westward, the climate begins to transition to a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa).

In western Maryland, the higher elevations of Allegany and Garrett counties, including the cities of Cumberland, Frostburg, and Oakland, display more characteristics of the humid continental zone, due in part to elevation. They fall under USDA Hardiness zones 6b and below.

Precipitation in the state is characteristic of the East Coast. Annual rainfall ranges from 35 to 45 inches (890 to 1,140 mm) with more in higher elevations. Nearly every part of Maryland receives 3.5–4.5 inches (89–114 mm) per month of rain. Average annual snowfall varies from 9 inches (23 cm) in the coastal areas to over 100 inches (250 cm) in the western mountains of the state.

Because of its location near the Atlantic Coast, Maryland is somewhat vulnerable to tropical cyclones, although the Delmarva Peninsula and the outer banks of North Carolina provide a large buffer, such that strikes from major hurricanes (category 3 or above) occur infrequently. More often, Maryland gets the remnants of a tropical system that has already come ashore and released most of its energy. Maryland averages around 30–40 days of thunderstorms a year, and averages around six tornado strikes annually.

Monthly average high and low temperatures for various Maryland cities and landmarks (covering breadth and width of the state)

City	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Oakland	34 °F (1 °C) 16 °F (−9 °C)	38 °F (3 °C) 17 °F (−8 °C)	48 °F (9 °C) 25 °F (−4 °C)	59 °F (15 °C) 34 °F (1 °C)	68 °F (20 °C) 45 °F (7 °C)	75 °F (24 °C) 53 °F (12 °C)	79 °F (26 °C) 58 °F (14 °C)	78 °F (26 °C) 56 °F (13 °C)	71 °F (22 °C) 49 °F (9 °C)	62 °F (17 °C) 37 °F (3 °C)	50 °F (10 °C) 28 °F (−2 °C)	39 °F (4 °C) 21 °F (−6 °C)
Cumberland	41 °F (5 °C) 22 °F (−6 °C)	46 °F (8 °C) 24 °F (−4 °C)	56 °F (13 °C) 32 °F (0 °C)	68 °F (20 °C) 41 °F (5 °C)	77 °F (25 °C) 51 °F (11 °C)	85 °F (29 °C) 60 °F (16 °C)	89 °F (32 °C) 65 °F (18 °C)	87 °F (31 °C) 63 °F (17 °C)	80 °F (27 °C) 55 °F (13 °C)	69 °F (21 °C) 43 °F (6 °C)	57 °F (14 °C) 34 °F (1 °C)	45 °F (7 °C) 26 °F (−3 °C)
Hagerstown	39 °F (4 °C) 22 °F (−6 °C)	42 °F (6 °C) 23 °F (−5 °C)	52 °F (11 °C) 30 °F (−1 °C)	63 °F (17 °C) 39 °F (4 °C)	72 °F (22 °C) 50 °F (10 °C)	81 °F (27 °C) 59 °F (15 °C)	85 °F (29 °C) 64 °F (18 °C)	83 °F (28 °C) 62 °F (17 °C)	76 °F (24 °C) 54 °F (12 °C)	65 °F (18 °C) 43 °F (6 °C)	54 °F (12 °C) 34 °F (1 °C)	43 °F (6 °C) 26 °F (−3 °C)
Frederick	42 °F (6 °C) 26 °F (−3 °C)	47 °F (8 °C) 28 °F (−2 °C)	56 °F (13 °C) 35 °F (2 °C)	68 °F (20 °C) 45 °F (7 °C)	77 °F (25 °C) 54 °F (12 °C)	85 °F (29 °C) 63 °F (17 °C)	89 °F (32 °C) 68 °F (20 °C)	87 °F (31 °C) 66 °F (19 °C)	80 °F (27 °C) 59 °F (15 °C)	68 °F (20 °C) 47 °F (8 °C)	56 °F (13 °C) 38 °F (3 °C)	45 °F (7 °C) 30 °F (−1 °C)
Baltimore	42 °F (6 °C) 29 °F (−2 °C)	46 °F (8 °C) 31 °F (−1 °C)	54 °F (12 °C) 39 °F (4 °C)	65 °F (18 °C) 48 °F (9 °C)	75 °F (24 °C) 57 °F (14 °C)	85 °F (29 °C) 67 °F (19 °C)	90 °F (32 °C) 72 °F (22 °C)	87 °F (31 °C) 71 °F (22 °C)	80 °F (27 °C) 64 °F (18 °C)	68 °F (20 °C) 52 °F (11 °C)	58 °F (14 °C) 43 °F (6 °C)	46 °F (8 °C) 33 °F (1 °C)
Elkton	42 °F (6 °C) 24 °F (−4 °C)	46 °F (8 °C) 26 °F (−3 °C)	55 °F (13 °C) 32 °F (0 °C)	67 °F (19 °C) 42 °F (6 °C)	76 °F (24 °C) 51 °F (11 °C)	85 °F (29 °C) 61 °F (16 °C)	88 °F (31 °C) 66 °F (19 °C)	87 °F (31 °C) 65 °F (18 °C)	80 °F (27 °C) 57 °F (14 °C)	69 °F (21 °C) 45 °F (7 °C)	58 °F (14 °C) 36 °F (2 °C)	46 °F (8 °C) 28 °F (−2 °C)
Ocean City	45 °F (7 °C) 28 °F (−2 °C)	46 °F (8 °C) 29 °F (−2 °C)	53 °F (12 °C) 35 °F (2 °C)	61 °F (16 °C) 44 °F (7 °C)	70 °F (21 °C) 53 °F (12 °C)	79 °F (26 °C) 63 °F (17 °C)	84 °F (29 °C) 68 °F (20 °C)	82 °F (28 °C) 67 °F (19 °C)	77 °F (25 °C) 60 °F (16 °C)	68 °F (20 °C) 51 °F (11 °C)	58 °F (14 °C) 39 °F (4 °C)	49 °F (9 °C) 32 °F (0 °C)
Waldorf	44 °F (7 °C) 26 °F (−3 °C)	49 °F (9 °C) 28 °F (−2 °C)	58 °F (14 °C) 35 °F (2 °C)	68 °F (20 °C) 43 °F (6 °C)	75 °F (24 °C) 53 °F (12 °C)	81 °F (27 °C) 62 °F (17 °C)	85 °F (29 °C) 67 °F (19 °C)	83 °F (28 °C) 65 °F (18 °C)	78 °F (26 °C) 59 °F (15 °C)	68 °F (20 °C) 47 °F (8 °C)	59 °F (15 °C) 38 °F (3 °C)	48 °F (9 °C) 30 °F (−1 °C)
Point Lookout State Park	47 °F (8 °C) 29 °F (−2 °C)	51 °F (11 °C) 31 °F (−1 °C)	60 °F (16 °C) 38 °F (3 °C)	70 °F (21 °C) 46 °F (8 °C)	78 °F (26 °C) 55 °F (13 °C)	86 °F (30 °C) 64 °F (18 °C)	89 °F (32 °C) 69 °F (21 °C)	87 °F (31 °C) 67 °F (19 °C)	81 °F (27 °C) 60 °F (16 °C)	71 °F (22 °C) 49 °F (9 °C)	61 °F (16 °C) 41 °F (5 °C)	50 °F (10 °C) 32 °F (0 °C)

Cities and metro areas

See also: Maryland statistical areas

Most of the population of Maryland lives in the central region of the state, in the Baltimore metropolitan area and Washington metropolitan area, both of which are part of the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area. The majority of Maryland's population is concentrated in the cities and suburbs surrounding Washington, D.C., and in and around Baltimore, Maryland's most populous city. Historically, these and many other Maryland cities developed along the Fall Line, the line along which rivers, brooks, and streams are interrupted by rapids and waterfalls. Maryland's capital city, Annapolis, is one exception to this pattern since it lies along the banks of the Severn River, close to where it empties into the Chesapeake Bay.

The Eastern Shore is less populous and more rural, as are the counties of western Maryland. The two westernmost counties of Maryland, Allegany and Garrett, are mountainous and sparsely populated, resembling West Virginia and Appalachia more than they do the rest of the state. Both eastern and western Maryland are, however, dotted with cities of regional importance, such as Ocean City, Princess Anne, and Salisbury on the Eastern Shore and Cumberland, Frostburg, and Hancock in Western Maryland. Southern Maryland is still somewhat rural, but suburbanization from Washington, D.C., has encroached significantly since the 1960s; important local population centers include Lexington Park, Prince Frederick, California, and Waldorf.

Largest cities or towns in Maryland 2020 U.S. Census populations
	Rank	Name	County	Pop.
Baltimore Columbia	1	Baltimore	Independent city	585,708	Germantown Waldorf
	2	Columbia	Howard	104,681
	3	Germantown	Montgomery	91,249
	4	Waldorf	Charles	81,410
	5	Silver Spring	Montgomery	81,015
	6	Frederick	Frederick	78,171
	7	Ellicott City	Howard	75,947
	8	Glen Burnie	Anne Arundel	72,891
	9	Gaithersburg	Montgomery	69,657
	10	Bethesda	Montgomery	68,056

Demographics

See also: List of counties in Maryland, List of incorporated places in Maryland, and List of census-designated places in Maryland

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1790	319,728		—
1800	341,548		6.8%
1810	380,546		11.4%
1820	407,350		7.0%
1830	447,040		9.7%
1840	470,019		5.1%
1850	583,034		24.0%
1860	687,049		17.8%
1870	780,894		13.7%
1880	934,943		19.7%
1890	1,042,390		11.5%
1900	1,188,044		14.0%
1910	1,295,346		9.0%
1920	1,449,661		11.9%
1930	1,631,526		12.5%
1940	1,821,244		11.6%
1950	2,343,001		28.6%
1960	3,100,689		32.3%
1970	3,922,399		26.5%
1980	4,216,975		7.5%
1990	4,781,468		13.4%
2000	5,296,486		10.8%
2010	5,773,552		9.0%
2020	6,177,224		7.0%
2023 (est.)	6,180,253		0.0%
Source: 1910–2020

In the 2020 United States census, the United States Census Bureau found that population of Maryland was 6,185,278 people, a 7.1% increase from the 2010 United States census. The United States Census Bureau estimated that the population of Maryland was 6,045,680 on July 1, 2019, a 4.71% increase from the 2010 United States census and an increase of 2,962, from the prior year. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 269,166 (464,251 births minus 275,093 deaths) and an increase due to net migration of 116,713 people into the state. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 129,730 people, and migration within the country produced a net loss of 13,017 people. In 2018, The top countries of origin for Maryland's immigrants were El Salvador (11%), India (6%), China (5%), Nigeria (5%), and the Philippines (4%). The center of population of Maryland is located on the county line between Anne Arundel County and Howard County, in the unincorporated community of Jessup.

Maryland's history as a border state has led it to exhibit characteristics of both the Northern and the Southern regions of the United States. Generally, rural Western Maryland between the West Virginian Panhandle and Pennsylvania has an Appalachian culture; the Southern and Eastern Shore regions of Maryland embody a Southern culture, while densely populated Central Maryland – radiating outward from Baltimore and Washington, D.C. – has more in common with that of the Northeast. The U.S. Census Bureau designates Maryland as one of the South Atlantic States, but it is commonly associated with the Mid-Atlantic States and Northeastern United States by other federal agencies, the media, and some residents.

According to HUD's 2022 Annual Homeless Assessment Report, there were an estimated 5,349 homeless people in Maryland.

Birth data

As of 2011, 58.0 percent of Maryland's population younger than age 1 were minority background.

Note: Births in the table do not add up because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number.

Live births by single race/ethnicity of mother

Race	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
White:	41,474 (57.6%)	42,525 (57.5%)	42,471 (57.7%)	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
> Non-Hispanic White	32,568 (45.2%)	33,178 (44.9%)	32,412 (44.0%)	31,278 (42.8%)	29,809 (41.6%)	29,585 (41.6%)	28,846 (41.1%)	28,060 (40.9%)	28,193 (41.3%)	27,333 (39.7%)
Black	24,764 (34.4%)	25,339 (34.3%)	25,017 (34.0%)	22,829 (31.2%)	22,327 (31.1%)	21,893 (30.8%)	21,494 (30.6%)	20,869 (30.4%)	20,449 (29.9%)	20,438 (29.7%)
Asian	5,415 (7.5%)	5,797 (7.8%)	5,849 (7.9%)	5,282 (7.2%)	5,276 (7.3%)	4,928 (6.9%)	4,928 (7.0%)	4,595 (6.7%)	4,431 (6.5%)	4,480 (6.5%)
American Indian	300 (0.4%)	260 (0.3%)	279 (0.4%)	104 (0.1%)	127 (0.2%)	114 (0.2%)	113 (0.2%)	79 (0.1%)	83 (0.1%)	113 (0.2%)
Hispanic (of any race)	10,515 (14.6%)	10,974 (14.8%)	11,750 (16.0%)	11,872 (16.2%)	12,223 (17.1%)	12,470 (17.5%)	12,872 (18.3%)	13,034 (19.0%)	13,164 (19.3%)	14,398 (20.9%)
Total Maryland	71,953 (100%)	73,921 (100%)	73,616 (100%)	73,136 (100%)	71,641 (100%)	71,080 (100%)	70,178 (100%)	68,554 (100%)	68,285 (100%)	68,782 (100%)

Since 2016, data for births of White Hispanic origin are not collected, but included in one Hispanic group; persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

Country of birth (2022)

Birthplace	Population
United States	4,999,873
El Salvador	105,778
India	60,535
China	43,499
Nigeria	39,185
Guatemala	38,222
Philippines	37,020
South Korea	34,091
Mexico	33,833
Ethiopia	28,554
Jamaica	26,068
Honduras	21,991
Cameroon	19,934
Vietnam	19,082
Peru	17,414
Pakistan	16,386
Ghana	14,722
Dominican Republic	13,880
Nepal	8,646-25,000

Language and ancestry

Racial makeup of Maryland excluding Hispanics from racial categories (2019)
NH = Non-Hispanic

  White NH (49.82%)  Black NH (29.75%)  Asian NH (6.35%)  Native American NH (0.25%)  Pacific Islander NH (0.04%)  Two or more races NH (2.85%)  Other NH (0.31%)  Hispanic Any Race (10.64%)

As of 2016, the most spoken languages in Maryland other than English were Spanish (9%), Chinese (1.2%), West African languages (mostly Yoruba and Igbo, 1%), French (1%), Korean (0.7%), Afro-Asiatic languages (mostly Amharic, 0.6% and Arabic, 0.4%), and Tagalog (0.6%). Other languages with a large number of speakers in Maryland include Vietnamese (0.4%), Russian (0.4%), Hindi (0.3%), Urdu (0.3%), Persian (0.3%), Nepali (0.3%), Haitian Creole (0.2%), and Telugu (0.2%).

Racial breakdown of population of Maryland

Racial composition	1970	1990	2000	2010	2020
White	81.5%	71.0%	64.0%	60.8%	58.5%
Black	17.8%	24.9%	27.9%	29.8%	31.1%
Asian	0.5%	2.9%	4.0%	5.5%	6.7%
Native American	0.1%	0.3%	0.3%	0.3%	0.6%
Other race	0.1%	0.9%	1.8%	3.6%	–
Two or more races	–	–	2.0%	2.9%	2.9%
Non-Hispanic whites	80.4%	69.6%	62.1%	54.7%	50.0%

In 1970, the U.S. Census Bureau reported Maryland's population as 17.8 percent African-American and 80.4 percent non-Hispanic White.

In 2019, non-Hispanic white Americans were 49.8% of Maryland's population (White Americans, including White Hispanics, were 57.3%), which made Maryland a majority minority state. 50.2% of Maryland's population is non-white, or is Hispanic or Latino, the highest percentage of any state on the East Coast, and the highest percentage after the majority-minority states of Hawaii, New Mexico, Texas, California, Nevada, and Washington, D.C. By 2031, minorities are projected to become the majority of voting eligible residents of Maryland. Maryland's multiculturalism and diversity can be explained by its historically large African American population, and immigration brought by the importance of the D.C. and Baltimore areas, especially from Central America, Africa, the Caribbean, and Asia.

African Americans form a sizable portion of the state's population, 31.1% as of 2020. Most are descendants of people transported to the area as slaves from West Africa. Concentrations of African Americans live in Baltimore City, Prince George's County, Charles County, western parts of Baltimore County, and the southern Eastern Shore. Charles County and Prince George's County are the two counties where African Americans are the most successful monetarily in the country, with average household incomes much higher than in the rest of the country. As a former slave state, Maryland has had a large African-American population for much of its history; African American populations have increased over time with the Great Migration to the D.C. and Baltimore areas, and in more recent times with the New Great Migration and with movement out from Washington D.C. into Montgomery, Prince George's, and Charles counties, as a result of gentrification and rising housing costs in D.C. causing many African Americans to leave. Prince George's County in particular has been a magnet for African Americans from D.C. to move to for decades; it is often referred to as "Ward 9" of D.C.

Maryland has by far the highest percentage of residents born in Africa out of any state; residents of African descent include 20th-century and later immigrants from Nigeria, particularly of the Igbo and Yoruba tribes; Ethiopia, particularly Amharas with significant Oromo and Tigrayan populations; Cameroon, Ghana, Sierra Leone, and Kenya. Maryland also hosts populations from other African and Caribbean nations. Maryland's African immigrant population is generally well-educated and is most concentrated in the inner suburbs of Baltimore and D.C. Nigerians are the fourth-largest immigrant group in Maryland, and are largely concentrated in the Baltimore area and surrounding suburbs, as well as Prince George's county. Many immigrants from the Horn of Africa, especially Ethiopia, have settled in Maryland, with large communities in the suburbs of Washington, D.C., particularly in Montgomery and Prince George's counties. The Washington metropolitan area has the world's largest population of Ethiopians outside of Ethiopia. The Ethiopian community of Greater D.C. was historically based in the Adams Morgan and Shaw neighborhoods of Washington, D.C., but as the community has grown, many Ethiopians have settled in Silver Spring. The Ethiopian American population in Maryland and the rest of the D.C. area is largely Amharic-speaking, but there are significant numbers of speakers of Oromo and Tigrinya speakers as well. The Washington metropolitan area is also home to a large Eritrean community.

The top reported ancestries by Maryland residents are: German (15%), Irish (11%), English (8%), American (7%), Italian (6%), and Polish (3%).

Irish American populations can be found throughout the Baltimore area, and the Northern and Eastern suburbs of Washington, D.C., in Maryland, who were descendants of those who moved out to the suburbs of Washington, D.C.'s once predominantly Irish neighborhoods), as well as Western Maryland, where Irish immigrant laborers helped to build the B&O Railroad. Smaller but much older Irish populations can be found in Southern Maryland, with some roots dating as far back as the early Maryland colony. This population, however, still remains culturally very active and yearly festivals are held.

A large percentage of the population of the Eastern Shore and Southern Maryland are descendants of British American ancestry. The Eastern Shore was settled by Protestants, chiefly Methodist and the southern counties were initially settled by English Catholics. Western and northern Maryland have large German-American populations.

More recent European immigrants of the late 19th and early 20th century settled first in Baltimore, attracted to its industrial jobs. These groups were largely of Jewish, Italian, Greek, Polish, Czech, Lithuanian, Russian and Ukrainian descent. The Greek community includes a number of Greek Jews. These Southern and Eastern European immigrants were largely concentrated in Southeast Baltimore and significantly influenced the unique culture of the city; although many have moved out into surrounding areas of Baltimore County due to gentrification, the city retains the culture and influence of these immigrants, and cultural events celebrating these communities are common in Baltimore. Maryland has had a significant Jewish American presence since the early 20th century, with large numbers of Jewish immigrants to the Baltimore area, followed by Jewish migration to the Washington D.C. area; Maryland has the fifth-highest percentage of Jewish residents in the country (including Washington D.C.), with 239,000 Jews making up four percent of the population, and the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area, which has the seventh-largest number of Jews of any combined metropolitan area in the country, with a Jewish population estimated at 300,000.

The shares of European immigrants born in Eastern Europe increased significantly between 1990 and 2010. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia, many immigrants from Eastern Europe came to the United States—12 percent of whom currently reside in Maryland.

Hispanic immigrants of the later 20th century have settled in Aspen Hill, Hyattsville/Langley Park, Glenmont/Wheaton, Bladensburg, Riverdale Park, Gaithersburg, as well as Highlandtown and Greektown in East Baltimore. Maryland has the highest percentage of residents of Central American origin of any state. Salvadorans are the largest Hispanic group in Maryland, and Maryland has the largest percentage of Salvadoran residents of any state. The D.C. area also has the highest percentage of Salvadorans of any American metro area, who are particularly concentrated in Prince George's and Montgomery counties, and has the second-highest total number of Salvadorans after the Los Angeles area. Other Hispanic groups with significant populations in the state include Mexicans, Guatemalans, Hondurans, Dominicans, Peruvians, and Puerto Ricans, along with growing populations of Brazilians, Colombians, Ecuadorians, and Bolivians. Maryland's Hispanic population is especially concentrated in Montgomery County and Prince George's County, with other large populations in the Baltimore area and Frederick County. Maryland has one of the most diverse Hispanic populations in the country, with significant populations from various Caribbean and Central American nations.

Caribbean Americans have a significant presence in Maryland, especially Jamaican Americans, who make up 0.6% of the population and have had a significant presence and influence in Maryland's politics and culture; Maryland's current governor, Wes Moore, is the son of a Jamaican immigrant mother. Other Caribbean American nationalities with a large population in Maryland include Dominicans, Haitians, Trinidadians and Tobagonians, and Guyanese. Caribbean Americans are most concentrated in Prince George's County, the city of Baltimore, and Baltimore County.

Asian Americans are concentrated in the suburban counties surrounding Washington, D.C., and in Baltimore suburbs, especially Howard County, with Chinese American, Korean American and Taiwanese American communities in Rockville, Gaithersburg, and Germantown. Chinese in particular form the second largest group of Asian Americans, and are the largest group in Montgomery County. Maryland also has a large Korean American population, especially in Howard County, where there is a Koreatown in Ellicott City. Filipino Americans, the largest group of Southeast Asians, form major communities in Montgomery, Prince George's, and Charles counties; other large groups of Southeast Asians include Vietnamese, who are concentrated in Montgomery County, and Burmese, who are concentrated in Frederick, Howard, and Baltimore Counties. Maryland has a very large and diverse South Asian American population that has had a major presence in the state since the 1970s. Indian Americans are the largest Asian group in Maryland, making up 1.7 percent of the population, and live throughout the state, especially in Montgomery and Howard counties, with large numbers in Baltimore, Frederick, and Prince George's counties. The Indian American population is culturally and linguistically diverse, with the Indian languages spoken most being Hindi, Gujarati, Telugu, and Tamil. There are also large Pakistani American populations throughout the D.C. and Baltimore areas, especially in Baltimore County and Howard County, and a large Bangladeshi American community in the D.C. area. Maryland has one of the largest populations of Nepali Americans, including Bhutanese Americans of Nepali descent, in the U.S., many of whom are recent immigrants or refugees who sought asylum after expulsion from Bhutan or the 2015 Nepal earthquake; there are an estimated 20,000 to 25,000 Nepalis in Maryland, concentrated in the Baltimore area with significant populations in the D.C. area. The first Nepali American elected to a state legislature, Harry Bhandari, was elected in Maryland, representing part of Baltimore County. There are three state-recognized tribes, and in 2020, 31,845 identified as being Native American alone, and 96,805 did in combination with one or more other races.

Attracting educated Asians and Africans to the professional jobs in the region, Maryland has the fifth-largest proportions of racial minorities in the country.

In 2006, 645,744 were counted as foreign born, which represents mainly people from Latin America and Asia. About four percent are undocumented immigrants.

According to The Williams Institute's analysis of the 2010 U.S. census, 12,538 same-sex couples are living in Maryland, representing 5.8 same-sex couples per 1,000 households.

Religion

Religion in Maryland (2014)
religion			percent
Protestant			52%
None			23%
Catholic			15%
Jewish			3%
Other faiths			2%
Buddhist			1%
Hindu			1%
Islam			1%
Mormon			1%
Orthodox Christian			1%

Maryland has been historically prominent to American Catholic tradition because the English colony of Maryland was intended by George Calvert as a haven for English Catholics. Baltimore was the seat of the first Catholic bishop in the U.S. (1789), and Emmitsburg was the home and burial place of the first American-born citizen to be canonized, St. Elizabeth Ann Seton. Georgetown University, the first Catholic University, was founded in 1789 in what was then part of Maryland; it became a part of the District of Columbia when it was created in the 1790s. The Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in Baltimore was the first Roman Catholic cathedral built in the United States, and the Archbishop of Baltimore is, albeit without formal primacy, the United States' quasi-primate, and often a cardinal. Among the immigrants of the 19th and 20th centuries from eastern and southern Europe were many Catholics.

Despite its historic relevance to the Catholic Church in the United States, the percentage of Catholics in the state of Maryland is below the national average of 20%. Demographically, both Protestants and those identifying with no religion are more numerous than Catholics.

According to the Pew Research Center in 2014, 69 percent of Maryland's population identifies themselves as Christian. Nearly 52% of the adult population are Protestants. Following Protestantism, Catholicism is the second largest religious affiliation, comprising 15% percent of the population. Amish/Mennonite communities are found in St. Mary's, Garrett, and Cecil counties. Judaism is the largest non-Christian religion in Maryland, with 241,000 adherents, or four percent of the total population. Jews are numerous throughout Montgomery County and in Pikesville and Owings Mills northwest of Baltimore. An estimated 81,500 Jewish Americans live in Montgomery County, constituting approximately 10% of the total population. The Seventh-day Adventist Church's world headquarters and Ahmadiyya Muslims' national headquarters are located in Silver Spring, just outside Washington, D.C.

Per the Public Religion Research Institute in 2020, 61 percent of Maryland's population identified with Christianity. Protestantism and Roman Catholicism continued to dominate the Christian landscape, and the Jewish community remained at 3% of the total religious population. Of the unaffiliated, the PRRI study determined their increase to 28% of the population.

LGBT population

Main article: LGBT rights in Maryland

Maryland has one of the highest percentages of LGBT people in its populace out of any state; 5.7% of Marylanders identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer, the highest of any state. (Washington, D.C. ranks higher with a LGBT population of 8.6%.) Maryland ranks as one of the best states in the nation for rights of the LGBT community, with protections against discrimination enacted since 2001 for sexuality and 2014 for gender, same-sex marriage legalization in 2013, bans on conversion therapy enacted in 2018, abolition of the gay panic defense in 2021, and issuance in 2023 of an executive order protecting the rights of transgender individuals. In 2020, Montgomery County unanimously passed an ordinance implementing an LGBTIQ+ bill of rights.

The first person known to describe himself as a drag queen was William Dorsey Swann, born enslaved in Hancock, Maryland. Swann was the first American on record who pursued legal and political action to defend the LGBTQ community's right to assemble.

In February 2010, Attorney General Doug Gansler issued an opinion stating that Maryland law should honor same-sex marriages from out of state. At the time, the state Supreme Court wrote a decision upholding marriage discrimination.

On March 1, 2012, Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley signed the freedom to marry bill into law after it passed in the state legislature. Opponents of same-sex marriage began collecting signatures to overturn the law, which faced a referendum, as Question 6, in the November 2012 election. A January 2011 Gonzales Research & Marketing Strategies poll showed 51% support for marriage in the state.

In May 2012, Maryland's Court of Appeals ruled that the state will recognize marriages of same-sex couples who married out-of-state, no matter the outcome of the November election. Voters upheld the bill, passing Question 6 with 52% to 48% on November 6, 2012. Same-sex couples began marrying in Maryland on January 1, 2013.

Economy

See also: Business in Maryland, List of federal installations in Maryland, List of shopping malls in Maryland, and Maryland locations by per capita income

The Bureau of Economic Analysis estimates that Maryland's gross state product in 2016 was $382.4 billion. However, Maryland has been using Genuine Progress Indicator, an indicator of well-being, to guide the state's development, rather than relying only on growth indicators like GDP. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Maryland households are currently the wealthiest in the country, with a 2013 median household income of $72,483, which puts it ahead of New Jersey and Connecticut, which are second and third respectively. Two of Maryland's counties, Howard and Montgomery, are the second and eleventh wealthiest counties in the nation respectively. Maryland has the most millionaires per capita in 2013, with a ratio of 7.7 percent. Also, the state's poverty rate of 7.8 percent is the lowest in the country. Per capita personal income in 2006 was $43,500, fifth in the nation. As of March 2022, the state's unemployment rate was 4.6 percent.

Maryland's economy benefits from the state's proximity to the federal government in Washington, D.C., with an emphasis on technical and administrative tasks for the defense/aerospace industry and bio-research laboratories, as well as staffing of satellite government headquarters in the suburban or exurban Baltimore/Washington area. Ft. Meade serves as the headquarters of the Defense Information Systems Agency, United States Cyber Command, and the National Security Agency/Central Security Service. In addition, a number of educational and medical research institutions are located in the state. In fact, the various components of The Johns Hopkins University and its medical research facilities are now the largest single employer in the Baltimore area. Altogether, white collar technical and administrative workers comprise 25 percent of Maryland's labor force, attributable in part to nearby Maryland being a part of the Washington Metro Area where the federal government office employment is relatively high.

Manufacturing, while large in dollar value, is highly diversified with no sub-sector contributing over 20 percent of the total. Typical forms of manufacturing include electronics, computer equipment, and chemicals. The once-mighty primary metals sub-sector, which once included what was then the largest steel factory in the world at Sparrows Point, still exists, but is pressed with foreign competition, bankruptcies, and mergers. During World War II, the Glenn Martin Company (now part of Lockheed Martin) airplane factory employed some 40,000 people.

Mining other than construction materials is virtually limited to coal, which is located in the mountainous western part of the state. The brownstone quarries in the east, which gave Baltimore and Washington much of their characteristic architecture in the mid-19th century, were once a predominant natural resource. Historically, there used to be small gold-mining operations in Maryland, some near Washington, but these no longer exist.

In 2022, the top private employers by number of employees were BYK Gardner, Clean Harbors, Holy Cross Hospital, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Maryland Neuroimaging Center, Northrop Grumman, University of Maryland, and University of Maryland Medical Center.

In the first three years of Maryland sports betting, over $10.2 billion was bet on sports. Based on the regulations, the state has earned over $116 million towards the Blueprint for Maryland's Future Fund as of November 2024.

Port of Baltimore

One major service activity is transportation, centered on the Port of Baltimore and its related rail and trucking access. The port ranked 17th in the U.S. by tonnage in 2008. Although the port handles a wide variety of products, the most typical imports are raw materials and bulk commodities, such as iron ore, petroleum, sugar, and fertilizers, often distributed to the relatively close manufacturing centers of the inland Midwest via good overland transportation. The port also receives several brands of imported motor vehicles and is the number one auto port in the U.S.

Baltimore City is among the top 15 largest ports in the nation, and was one of six major U.S. ports that were part of the February 2006 controversy over the Dubai Ports World deal. The state as a whole is heavily industrialized, with a booming economy and influential technology centers. Its computer industries are some of the most sophisticated in the United States, and the federal government has invested heavily in the area. Maryland is home to several large military bases and scores of high-level government jobs.

The Chesapeake and Delaware Canal is a 14 miles (23 km) canal on the Eastern Shore that connects the waters of the Delaware River with those of the Chesapeake Bay, and in particular with the Port of Baltimore, carrying 40 percent of the port's ship traffic.

Fishing

Maryland has a large food-production sector. A large component of this is commercial fishing, centered in the Chesapeake Bay, but also including activity off the short Atlantic seacoast. The largest catches by species are the blue crab, oysters, striped bass, and menhaden. The Bay also has overwintering waterfowl in its wildlife refuges. The waterfowl support a tourism sector of sportsmen.

Agriculture

Main article: Agriculture in Maryland

Maryland has large areas of fertile agricultural land in its coastal and Piedmont zones, though this land use is being encroached upon by urbanization. Agriculture is oriented to dairy farming (especially in foothill and piedmont areas) for nearby large city milksheads, plus specialty perishable horticulture crops, such as cucumbers, watermelons, sweet corn, tomatoes, melons, squash, and peas (Source:USDA Crop Profiles). The southern counties of the western shoreline of Chesapeake Bay are warm enough to support a tobacco cash crop zone, which has existed since early Colonial times, but declined greatly after a state government buy-out in the 1990s. There is also a large automated chicken-farming sector in the state's southeastern part; Salisbury is home to Perdue Farms. Maryland's food-processing plants are the most significant type of manufacturing by value in the state. Farming suffers from weeds as anywhere else, including an unusual multiply resistant ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) found by Rousonelos et al., 2012 with both ALS- and PPO-resistances and which by 2016 had developed a third, EPSP resistance. This ragweed population is a drag on soybean cultivation and, as of May 7, 2022, is the worst multiresistant weed problem in the state.

Biotechnology

Maryland is a major center for life sciences research and development. With more than 400 biotechnology companies located there, Maryland is the fourth largest nexus in this field in the United States.

Institutions and government agencies with an interest in research and development located in Maryland include the Johns Hopkins University, the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, more than one campus of the University System of Maryland, Goddard Space Flight Center, the United States Census Bureau, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, the federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Celera Genomics company, the J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI), and AstraZeneca (formerly MedImmune).

Maryland is home to defense contractor Emergent BioSolutions, which manufactures and provides an anthrax vaccine to U.S. government military personnel.

Tourism

See also: List of National Historic Landmarks in Maryland

Tourism is popular in Maryland. Many tourists visit Baltimore, the beaches of the Eastern Shore, and the nature of western Maryland. Attractions in Baltimore include the Harborplace, the Baltimore Aquarium, Fort McHenry, as well as the Camden Yards baseball stadium. Ocean City on the Atlantic Coast has been a popular beach destination in summer, particularly since the Chesapeake Bay Bridge was built in 1952 connecting the Eastern Shore to the more populated Maryland cities. The state capital of Annapolis offers sites such as the state capitol building, the historic district, and the waterfront. Maryland also has several sites of interest to military history, given Maryland's role in the American Civil War and in the War of 1812. Other attractions include the historic and picturesque towns along the Chesapeake Bay, such as Saint Mary's, Maryland's first colonial settlement and original capital.

Healthcare

Main articles: List of hospitals in Maryland and Maryland hospital payment system

As of 2017, the top two health insurers including all types of insurance were CareFirst BlueCross BlueShield with 47% market share followed by UnitedHealth Group at 15%.

Maryland has experimented with healthcare payment reforms, notably beginning in the 1970s with an all-payer rate setting program regulated by the Health Services Cost Review Commission. In 2014, it switched to a global budget revenue system, whereby hospitals receive a capitated payment to care for their population.

Transportation

The Maryland Department of Transportation oversees most transportation in the state through its various administration-level agencies. The independent Maryland Transportation Authority maintains and operates the state's eight toll facilities.

Roads

See also: List of Interstate Highways in Maryland, List of Maryland state highways, List of minor Maryland state highways, and List of former Maryland state highways

Maryland's Interstate highways include 110 miles (180 km) of Interstate 95 (I-95), which enters the northeast portion of the state, travels through Baltimore, and becomes part of the eastern section of the Capital Beltway to the Woodrow Wilson Bridge. I-68 travels 81 miles (130 km), connecting the western portions of the state to I-70 at the small town of Hancock. I-70 enters from Pennsylvania north of Hancock and continues east for 93 miles (150 km) to Baltimore, connecting Hagerstown and Frederick along the way.

I-83 has 34 miles (55 km) in Maryland and connects Baltimore to southern central Pennsylvania (Harrisburg and York, Pennsylvania). Maryland also has an 11-mile (18 km) portion of I-81 that travels through the state near Hagerstown. I-97, fully contained within Anne Arundel County and the shortest (17.6 miles (28.3 km)) one- or two-digit interstate highway in the contiguous US, connects the Baltimore area to the Annapolis area.

There are also several auxiliary Interstate highways in Maryland. Among them are two beltways encircling the major cities of the region: I-695, the McKeldin (Baltimore) Beltway, which encircles Baltimore; and a portion of I-495, the Capital Beltway, which encircles Washington, D.C. I-270, which connects the Frederick area with Northern Virginia and Washington, D.C. through major suburbs to the northwest of Washington, is a major commuter route and is as wide as fourteen lanes at points. I-895, also known as the Harbor Tunnel Thruway, provides an alternate route to I-95 across Baltimore Harbor.

Both I-270 and the Capital Beltway were extremely congested; however, the Intercounty Connector (ICC; MD 200) has alleviated some congestion over time. Construction of the ICC was a major part of the campaign platform of former Governor Robert Ehrlich, who was in office from 2003 until 2007, and of Governor Martin O'Malley, who succeeded him. I-595, which is an unsigned highway concurrent with US 50/US 301, is the longest unsigned interstate in the country and connects Prince George's County and Washington, D.C. with Annapolis and the Eastern Shore via the Chesapeake Bay Bridge.

Maryland also has a state highway system that contains routes numbered from 2 through 999, however most of the higher-numbered routes are either unsigned or are relatively short. Major state highways include Routes 2 (Governor Ritchie Highway/Solomons Island Road/Southern Maryland Blvd.), 4 (Pennsylvania Avenue/Southern Maryland Blvd./Patuxent Beach Road/St. Andrew's Church Road), 5 (Branch Avenue/Leonardtown Road/Point Lookout Road), 32, 45 (York Road), 97 (Georgia Avenue), 100 (Paul T. Pitcher Memorial Highway), 210 (Indian Head Highway), 235 (Three Notch Road), 295 (Baltimore-Washington Parkway), 355 (Wisconsin Avenue/Rockville Pike/Frederick Road), 404 (Queen Anne Highway/ Shore Highway), and 650 (New Hampshire Avenue).

Airports

See also: Aviation in Maryland and List of airports in Maryland

Maryland's largest airport is Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport, more commonly referred to as BWI. The airport is named for the Baltimore-born Thurgood Marshall, the first African-American Supreme Court justice. The only other airports with commercial service are at Hagerstown and Salisbury.

The Maryland suburbs of Washington, D.C. are also served by the other two airports in the region, Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport and Dulles International Airport, both in Northern Virginia. The College Park Airport is the nation's oldest, founded in 1909, and is still used. Wilbur Wright trained military aviators at this location.

Rail

See also: List of Maryland railroads

v t e Maryland passenger rail stations
Legend
Floridian to Chicago Cumberland Via West Virginia Brunswick Line to Martinsburg Northeast Corridor to Boston South Brunswick Perryville Point of Rocks Aberdeen Edgewood Frederick Martin Airport Monocacy Penn Station West Baltimore Dickerson Halethorpe Camden Station Barnesville BWI Airport Boyds St. Denis Dorsey Germantown Odenton Jessup Metropolitan Grove Savage Bowie State Gaithersburg Laurel Race Track Laurel Washington Grove Seabrook Muirkirk Rockville Greenbelt Garrett Park New Carrollton Kensington College Park Silver Spring Riverdale Brunswick Line to D.C. Floridian to Miami Camden Line to Washington, D.C. Penn Line and Amtrak to Washington, D.C.
Key Brunswick Line Camden Line Penn Line Amtrak

Amtrak trains, including the high-speed Acela Express serve Penn Station in Baltimore, BWI Airport, New Carrollton, and Aberdeen along the Washington, D.C. to Boston Northeast Corridor. Train service is provided to Rockville and Cumberland by Amtrak's Washington, D.C., to Chicago Capitol Limited.

The WMATA's Metrorail rapid transit and Metrobus local bus systems (the 2nd and 6th busiest in the nation of their respective modes) provide service in Montgomery and Prince George's counties and connect them to Washington D.C.. The Maryland Transit Administration (often abbreviated as "MTA Maryland"), a state agency part of the Maryland Department of Transportation also provides transit services within the state. Headquartered in Baltimore, MTA's transit services are largely focused on central Maryland, as well as some portions of the Eastern Shore and Southern MD. Baltimore's Light RailLink and Metro SubwayLink systems serve its densely populated inner-city and the surrounding suburbs. The MTA also serves the city and its suburbs with its local bus service (the 9th largest system in the nation). The MTA's Commuter Bus system provides express coach service on longer routes connecting Washington, D.C. and Baltimore to parts of Central and Southern MD as well as the Eastern Shore. The commuter rail service, known as MARC, operates three lines which all terminate at Washington Union Station and provide service to Baltimore's Penn and Camden stations, Perryville, Frederick, and Martinsburg, West Virginia. In addition, many suburban counties operate local bus systems which connect to and complement the larger MTA and WMATA/Metro services.

The MTA will also administer the Purple Line, an under-construction light rail line that will connect the Maryland branches of the Red, Green/Yellow, and Orange lines of the Washington Metro, as well as offer transfers to all three lines of the MARC commuter rail system.

Freight rail transport is handled principally by two Class I railroads, as well as several smaller regional and local carriers. CSX Transportation has more extensive trackage throughout the state, with 560 miles (900 km), followed by Norfolk Southern Railway. Major rail yards are located in Baltimore and Cumberland, with an intermodal terminal (rail, truck and marine) in Baltimore.

Law and government

Main article: Government of Maryland See also: List of Governors of Maryland, Maryland Army National Guard, and Maryland Air National Guard

The government of Maryland is conducted according to the state constitution. The government of Maryland, like the other 49 state governments, has exclusive authority over matters that lie entirely within the state's borders, except as limited by the Constitution of the United States.

Power in Maryland is divided among three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. The Maryland General Assembly is composed of the Maryland House of Delegates and the Maryland Senate. Maryland's governor is unique in the United States as the office is vested with significant authority in budgeting. Unlike many other states, significant autonomy is granted to many of Maryland's counties.

Most of the business of government is conducted in Annapolis, the state capital; however some cabinet departments and state officials have their offices in Baltimore. Elections for governor and most statewide offices, as well as most county elections, are held in midterm-election years (even-numbered years not divisible by four).

The judicial branch of state government consists of one united District Court of Maryland that sits in every county and Baltimore City, as well as 24 Circuit Courts sitting in each County and Baltimore City, the latter being courts of general jurisdiction for all civil disputes over $30,000, all equitable jurisdiction and major criminal proceedings. The intermediate appellate court is known as the Appellate Court of Maryland and the state supreme court is the Supreme Court of Maryland. The appearance of the justices of the Supreme Court of Maryland is unique; Maryland is the only state whose justices wear red robes.

Taxation

Maryland imposes five income tax brackets, ranging from 2 to 6.25 percent of personal income. The city of Baltimore and Maryland's 23 counties levy local "piggyback" income taxes at rates between 1.25 and 3.2 percent of Maryland taxable income. Local officials set the rates and the revenue is returned to the local governments quarterly. The top income tax bracket of 9.45 percent is the fifth highest combined state and local income tax rates in the country, behind New York City's 11.35 percent, California's 10.3 percent, Rhode Island's 9.9 percent, and Vermont's 9.5 percent.

Maryland's state sales tax is six percent. All real property in Maryland is subject to the property tax. Generally, properties that are owned and used by religious, charitable, or educational organizations or property owned by the federal, state or local governments are exempt. Property tax rates vary widely. No restrictions or limitations on property taxes are imposed by the state, meaning cities and counties can set tax rates at the level they deem necessary to fund governmental services.

Elections

Main article: Elections in Maryland Further information: Political party strength in Maryland

Following the American Civil War, Maryland's elections have largely been controlled by the Democratic Party, which accounted for 54.9% of the state's registered voters as of May 2017.

State elections are dominated by Baltimore and four populous suburban counties bordering Washington, D.C., and Baltimore: Montgomery, Prince George's, Anne Arundel, and Baltimore counties. As of July 2017, 66 percent of the state's population resides in these six jurisdictions, most of which contain large, traditionally Democratic voting blocs: African Americans in Baltimore City and Prince George's; federal employees in Prince George's, Anne Arundel, and Montgomery; and post-graduates in Montgomery. The remainder of the state, particularly Western Maryland and the Eastern Shore, is more supportive of Republicans. One of Maryland's best known political figures is a Republican – former governor Spiro Agnew, who pled no contest to tax evasion and resigned in 1973.

In 1980, Maryland was one of six states to vote for Jimmy Carter. In 1992, Bill Clinton fared better in Maryland than any other state, except his home state of Arkansas. In 1996, Maryland was Clinton's sixth best; in 2000, Maryland ranked fourth for Gore; and in 2004, John Kerry showed his fifth-best performance in Maryland. In 2008, Barack Obama won the state's 10 electoral votes with 61.9 percent of the vote, to John McCain's 36.5 percent.

In 2002, former Governor Robert Ehrlich was the first Republican to be elected to that office in four decades, and after one term, he lost his seat to Baltimore Mayor and Democrat Martin O'Malley. Ehrlich ran again for governor in 2010, losing again to O'Malley.

Voter registration and party enrollment in Maryland
as of May 2024

Party		Total	Percentage
	Democratic	2,214,915	52.75%
	Republican	1,000,668	23.83%
	Independents / unaffiliated	907,899	21.62%
	Libertarian	19,018	0.45%
	No Labels	1,858	0.04%
	Other parties	54,299	1.29%
Total		4,185,173	100.00%

The 2006 election brought no change in the pattern of Democratic dominance. After Democratic Senator Paul Sarbanes announced that he was retiring, Democratic Congressman Benjamin Cardin defeated Republican Lieutenant Governor Michael S. Steele, with 55 percent of the vote, against Steele's 44 percent.

While Republicans typically win more counties in statewide elections by piling up large margins in the west and east, they are usually overcome by the densely populated and solidly Democratic Baltimore–Washington axis. In 2008, for instance, McCain won 17 counties to Obama's six (plus Baltimore City). While McCain won most of the western and eastern counties by margins of 2-to-1 or more, he was almost completely shut out in the larger counties surrounding Baltimore and Washington; every large county except Anne Arundel went for Obama, who won by 25 points statewide.

From 2007 to 2011, U.S. Congressman Steny Hoyer (MD-5), a Democrat, was elected as Majority Leader for the 110th Congress and 111th Congress of the House of Representatives, serving in that post again from 2019 to 2023. In addition, Hoyer served as House Minority Whip from 2003 to 2006 and 2012 to 2018. His district covers parts of Anne Arundel and Prince George's counties, in addition to all of Charles, Calvert, and St. Mary's counties in southern Maryland.

In 2010, Republicans won control of most counties. The Democratic Party remained in control of eight county governments, including that of Baltimore.

In 2022, Wes Moore became the first Democrat elected Governor of Maryland since 2010, replacing Republican Larry Hogan, who did not run for re-election due to term limits. Moore is the first African-American elected Governor of Maryland, and the fifth African-American governor in American history.

Media

A well-known newspaper in Maryland is The Baltimore Sun. Many residents of the Washington metropolitan area receive The Washington Post.

The most populous areas are served by either Baltimore or Washington, D.C. broadcast stations. The Eastern Shore is served primarily by broadcast media based around the Delmarva Peninsula; the northeastern section receives both Baltimore and Philadelphia stations. Garrett County, which is mountainous, is served by stations from Pittsburgh, and requires cable or satellite for reception. Maryland is served by statewide PBS member station Maryland Public Television (MPT).

Education

Primary and secondary education

See also: List of school districts in Maryland, List of high schools in Maryland, and Arts and culture of Maryland

Education Week ranked Maryland #1 in its nationwide 2009–2013 Quality Counts reports. Primary and secondary education in Maryland is overseen by the Maryland State Department of Education, which is headquartered in Baltimore. The highest educational official in the state is the State Superintendent of Schools, who is appointed by the State Board of Education to a four-year term of office. The Maryland General Assembly has given the Superintendent and State Board autonomy to make educationally related decisions, limiting its influence on the day-to-day functions of public education. Each county and county-equivalent in Maryland has a local Board of Education charged with running the public schools in that particular jurisdiction.

The budget for education was $5.5 billion in 2009, representing about 40 percent of the state's general fund. Data from the 2017 census shows that, among large school districts, four Maryland districts are in the top six for per-pupil annual spending, exceeded only by the Boston and New York City districts.

Maryland has a broad range of private primary and secondary schools. Many of these are affiliated with various religious sects, including parochial schools of the Catholic Church, Quaker schools, Seventh-day Adventist schools, and Jewish schools. In 2003, Maryland law was changed to allow for the creation of publicly funded charter schools, although the charter schools must be approved by their local Board of Education and are not exempt from state laws on education, including collective bargaining laws.

In 2008, the state led the entire country in the percentage of students passing Advanced Placement examinations. 23.4 percent of students earned passing grades on the AP tests given in May 2008. This marks the first year that Maryland earned this honor. Three Maryland high schools (in Montgomery County) were ranked among the top 100 in the country by US News in 2009, based in large part on AP test scores.

Colleges and universities

See also: List of colleges and universities in Maryland

Maryland has several historic and renowned private colleges and universities, the most prominent of which is Johns Hopkins University, founded in 1876 with a grant from Baltimore entrepreneur Johns Hopkins.

The first public university in the state is the University of Maryland, Baltimore, which was founded in 1807 and contains the University of Maryland's only public academic health, human services, and one of two law centers (the other being the University of Baltimore School of Law). Seven professional and graduate schools train the majority of the state's physicians, nurses, dentists, lawyers, social workers, and pharmacists. The flagship university and largest undergraduate institution in Maryland is the University of Maryland, College Park which was founded as the Maryland Agricultural College in 1856 and became a public land grant college in 1864. Towson University, founded in 1866, is the state's second largest university.

In 1974, Maryland, along with seven other states, mainly in the South, submitted plans to desegregate its state universities; Maryland's plans were approved by the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.

Baltimore is home to the University of Maryland, Baltimore County and the Maryland Institute College of Art. The majority of public universities in the state (Bowie State University, Coppin State University, Frostburg State University, Salisbury University and the University of Maryland-Eastern Shore) are affiliated with the University System of Maryland. Two state-funded institutions, Morgan State University and St. Mary's College of Maryland, as well as two federally funded institutions, the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the United States Naval Academy, are not affiliated with the University System of Maryland. The University of Maryland Global Campus is the largest public university in Maryland and one of the largest distance-learning institutions in the world.

St. John's College in Annapolis and Washington College in Chestertown, both private institutions, are the oldest colleges in the state and among the oldest in the country. Other private institutions include Mount St. Mary's University, McDaniel College (formerly known as Western Maryland College), Hood College, Stevenson University (formerly known as Villa Julie College), Loyola University Maryland, and Goucher College, among others.

Public libraries

Maryland's 24 public library systems deliver public education for everyone in the state of Maryland through a curriculum that comprises three pillars: Self-Directed Education (books and materials in all formats, e-resources), Research Assistance & Instruction (individualized research assistance, classes for students of all ages), and Instructive & Enlightening Experiences (e.g., Summer Reading Clubs, author events).

Maryland's library systems include, in part:

• Anne Arundel County Public Library
• Baltimore County Public Library
• Cecil County Public Library
• Enoch Pratt Free Library
• Frederick County Public Library
• Harford County Public Library
• Howard County Public Library
• Montgomery County Public Libraries
• Prince George's County Memorial Library System
• St. Mary's County Public Library

Many of the library systems have established formalized partnerships with other educational institutions in their counties and regions.

Sports

See also: Sports in Maryland and List of people from Maryland § Athletes

With two major metropolitan areas, Maryland has a number of major and minor professional sports franchises. Two National Football League teams play in Maryland, the Baltimore Ravens in Baltimore and the Washington Commanders in Landover. The Baltimore Colts represented the NFL in Baltimore from 1953 to 1983 before moving to Indianapolis.

The Baltimore Orioles are the state's Major League Baseball franchise. The National Hockey League's Washington Capitals and the National Basketball Association's Washington Wizards formerly played in Maryland, until the construction of an arena in Washington, D.C. in 1997 (now known as Capital One Arena). University of Maryland's team is the Maryland Terrapins.

Maryland enjoys considerable historical repute for the talented sports players of its past, including Cal Ripken Jr. and Babe Ruth. In 2012, The Baltimore Sun published a list of Maryland's top ten athletes in the state's history. The list includes Babe Ruth, Cal Ripken Jr, Johnny Unitas, Brooks Robinson, Frank Robinson, Ray Lewis, Michael Phelps, Jimmie Foxx, Jim Parker, and Wes Unseld.

Other professional sports franchises in the state include three affiliated minor league baseball teams, one independent league baseball team, the Baltimore Blast indoor soccer team, two indoor football teams and three low-level outdoor soccer teams. Maryland is also home to one of the three races in horse racing's annual Triple Crown, the Preakness Stakes, which is run every spring at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore. The Baltimore Stallions were a Canadian Football Team in the CFL that played the 1994–95 season.

Congressional Country Club has hosted three golf tournaments for the U.S. Open and a PGA Championship.

The official state sport of Maryland, since 1962, is jousting; the official team sport since 2004 is lacrosse. The National Lacrosse Hall of Fame is located in Sparks, Maryland at the USA Lacrosse headquarters. In 2008, intending to promote physical fitness for all ages, walking became the official state exercise. Maryland is the first state with an official state exercise.

Friendship partners

Maryland has relationships with many provinces, states, and other entities worldwide.

• Bong and Maryland Counties, in Liberia
• Jalisco, Mexico (1996)
• Cross River and Ondo States, Nigeria
• Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
• Medan Marelan, Indonesia

See also

• Index of Maryland-related articles
• Outline of Maryland
• List of people from Maryland
• USS Maryland, 4 ships

Notes

1. Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
2. In US English, the first syllable is pronounced /ˈmɛr-/ even by the minority of speakers who contrast the vowels in merry /ˈmɛri/ and Mary /ˈmɛəri/. The pronunciation /ˈmɛərɪlənd/ MAIR-il-ənd is the predominant one in British Received Pronunciation.
3. As of 2022–2023, there were only 8,646 Nepali immigrants in Maryland; however, numerous sources cite the number of Nepali or Nepali-Bhutanese immigrants and refugees in Maryland as between 20,000 and 25,000, considering that the community has often been undercounted.
4. Including Evangelical Protestants (18%), Mainline Protestants (18%), and Historically Black Protestants (16%).

References

1. "Maryland's quality of life ranks high compared to other states". The Daily Record. July 1, 2021. Archived from the original on October 22, 2023. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
2. "Maryland Facts". Maryland Office of Tourism. Archived from the original on June 13, 2010. Retrieved June 2, 2009.
3. "Senate Bill 88" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 29, 2017.
4. "Great Seal of Maryland (reverse)". Maryland State Archives. Archived from the original on January 4, 2013. Retrieved March 4, 2014.
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Bibliography

• Brugger, Robert J. (1988). Maryland, A Middle Temperament: 1634–1980. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-5465-1.
• Chappelle, Susan Ellery Green; et al. (1986). Maryland: A History of its People. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-3005-1.
• Davis, William Wilkins. Religion and Politics in Maryland on the Eve of the Civil War: The Letters of W. Wilkins Davis. Foreword by Charles W. Mitchell. 1988; rev. ed., Eugene, Ore.: Wipf & Stock, 2009.
• Denton, Lawrence M. (1995). A Southern Star for Maryland. Baltimore: Publishing Concepts. ISBN 978-0-9635159-3-3.
• Marsh, Carole (2011). My First Pocket Guide About Maryland. Gallopade International. p. 5. ISBN 9780635086280.

External links

• Official website
• Maryland Office of Tourism Archived January 5, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
• Energy Data & Statistics for Maryland
• USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Maryland
• U.S. Census Bureau
• Catholic Encyclopedia article Archived June 12, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
• Maryland State Facts from USDA Archived August 24, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
• Geographic data related to Maryland at OpenStreetMap
• Maryland State Archives: Special Collections, Map Collections Archived November 10, 2018, at the Wayback Machine
• Maryland Historical Society: County Maps Archived July 19, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
• The Huntingfield Map Collection Archived June 30, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
• Maryland: State Resource Guide, from the Library of Congress Archived April 19, 2023, at the Wayback Machine

Preceded byMassachusetts

List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union Ratified Constitution on April 28, 1788 (7th)

Succeeded bySouth Carolina

v t e State of Maryland
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Towns	Bel Air Denton Easton Elkton Leonardtown Ocean City Port Deposit Upper Marlboro
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Counties	Allegany Anne Arundel Baltimore Calvert Caroline Carroll Cecil Charles Dorchester Frederick Garrett Harford Howard Kent Montgomery Prince George's Queen Anne's St. Mary's Somerset Talbot Washington Wicomico Worcester
Maryland portal

v t e Southern United States
Topics	Cuisine Culture Dialects Economy Geography Government and politics History Sports Black Southerners White Southerners
States	Alabama Arkansas Delaware Florida Georgia Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Mississippi North Carolina Oklahoma South Carolina Tennessee Texas Virginia West Virginia
Federal districts	District of Columbia
Major cities	Atlanta Austin Baltimore Birmingham Charleston (SC) Charleston (WV) Charlotte Columbia Dallas Fort Worth Greensboro Hampton Hialeah Houston Huntsville Jacksonville Little Rock Louisville Memphis Miami Nashville New Orleans Newport News Norfolk Oklahoma City Orlando Portsmouth Raleigh Richmond San Antonio St. Petersburg Tampa Tulsa Virginia Beach Washington, D.C. Wilmington Winston-Salem
State capitals	Annapolis Atlanta Austin Baton Rouge Charleston (WV) Columbia Dover Frankfort Jackson Little Rock Montgomery Nashville Oklahoma City Raleigh Richmond Tallahassee

v t e Northeastern United States
Topics	Culture Geography Government History
States	Connecticut Delaware Maryland Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jersey New York Maine Pennsylvania Rhode Island Vermont
Federal districts	District of Columbia
Major cities	Allentown Alexandria Arlington Baltimore Boston Bridgeport Buffalo Burlington Cambridge Elizabeth Erie Hartford Jersey City Lowell Manchester New Haven New York City Newark Paterson Philadelphia Pittsburgh Portland Providence Quincy Reading Rochester Scranton Springfield Stamford Syracuse Washington, D.C. Waterbury Wilmington Worcester
State capitals	Albany Annapolis Augusta Boston Concord Dover Hartford Harrisburg Montpelier Providence Trenton
See also	Northeast megalopolis

v t e Thirteen Colonies
New England Colonies Middle Colonies Chesapeake Colonies Tobacco Colonies Southern Colonies United Colonies
Virginia (1607–1776) New Hampshire (1629–1641; 1679–1686; 1689–1776) Maryland (1632–1776) Connecticut (1636–1776) Rhode Island (1636–1776) Delaware (1664–1776) New Jersey (1664–1673; 1702–1776) New York (1664–1776) Pennsylvania (1681–1776) Massachusetts Bay (1691–1776) North Carolina (1712–1776) South Carolina (1712–1776) Georgia (1732–1776)
Other British colonial entities in the contemporary United States
Roanoke (1585–1590) Popham (1607–1608) Jamestown (1607–1699) Berkeley Hundred (1619) Plymouth (1620–1686; 1689–1691) Maine (1622–1658) Saint Croix (1625–1650) Carolana (1629–1663) Massachusetts Bay Colony (1629–1686; 1689–1691) Saybrook (1635–1644) New Haven (1638–1664) New England Confederation (1643–1654; 1675–c. 1680) Carolina (1663–1712) Rupert's Land (1670–1811) North-Western Territory (1670–1870) East Jersey (1674–1702) West Jersey (1674–1702) Dominion of New England (1686–1689) Indian Reserve (1763–1783) Quebec (1763–1783) East Florida (1763–1783) West Florida (1763–1783) New Ireland (1779–1783; 1814–1815) Columbia District (1810–1846) Red River Colony (1811–1818) Stickeen Territories (1862–1863) Colony of British Columbia (1863–1866) Colony of British Columbia and Vancouver Island (1866–1871) Province of British Columbia (1871–1903)
Non-British colonial entities in the contemporary United States
Columbian Viceroyalty (1492–1535) New Spain 1521–1821; Spanish Florida, 1565–1763 New Navarre, 1565–1821 Captaincy General of the Philippines, 1565–1898 Captaincy General of Puerto Rico, 1580–1898 Santa Fe de Nuevo México, 1598–1821 Captaincy General of Cuba, 1607–1801 Spanish Saint Croix, 1650–1651 Spanish Texas, 1690–1821 Las Californias, 1767–1804 Spanish Louisiana, 1769–1801 Provincias Internas, 1776–1821 Spanish East Florida, 1783–1821 Spanish West Florida, 1783–1821 Alta California, 1804–1821 New France 1534–1763; French Florida, 1562–1565 Hospitaller Saint Croix, 1651–1665 French Saint Croix, 1665–1733 French Louisiana, 1682–1763 and 1801–1803 New Netherland (1614–1667) Dutch Virgin Islands (1625–1672) New Sweden (1638–1655) Danish West Indies (1672–1917) Brandenburger Saint Thomas (1685–1754) Krabbeninsel (1689–1693) Scottish Darien Company (1698) Russian America (1799–1867)
Related Documents
Discourse Concerning Western Planting (1584) Mayflower Compact (1620) Mourt's Relation (1622) Of Plymouth Plantation (1630–1651) Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1638) Quintipartite Deed (1676)
Category

v t e Political divisions of the United States
List of states and territories
States	Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming
Federal district	Washington, D.C.
Territories	American Samoa Guam Northern Mariana Islands Puerto Rico U.S. Virgin Islands
Outlying islands	Baker Island Howland Island Jarvis Island Johnston Atoll Kingman Reef Midway Atoll Navassa Island Palmyra Atoll Wake Island
Indian reservations	List of Indian reservations
International concessions	Guantanamo Bay Pituffik

39°N 77°W / 39°N 77°W / 39; -77 (State of Maryland)

Categories:

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