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| {{Short description|1965 aviation incident in London}} | {{Short description|1965 aviation incident in London}} | ||
| {{about|the 1965 crash|the 1971 crash|British European Airways Flight 706 (1971)}} | |||
| {{Infobox aircraft occurrence | {{Infobox aircraft occurrence | ||
| | name = British European Airways |
| name = 1965 British European Airways Vickers Vanguard crash | ||
| | image = BEA Vickers 951 Vanguard Robbins-1.jpg | | image = BEA Vickers 951 Vanguard Robbins-1.jpg | ||
| | image_upright = | | image_upright = | ||
| Line 9: | Line 8: | ||
| | occurrence_type = Accident | | occurrence_type = Accident | ||
| | date = {{start date|1965|10|27|df=y}} | | date = {{start date|1965|10|27|df=y}} | ||
| | summary = |
| summary = Crashed due to pilot error in low visibility during landing approach | ||
| | site = |
| site = ], ] | ||
| | coordinates = {{coord|51.4775|-0.461389|type:event|display=inline,title}} | | coordinates = {{coord|51.4775|-0.461389|type:event|display=inline,title}} | ||
| | total_fatalities = 36 | | total_fatalities = 36 | ||
| Line 22: | Line 21: | ||
| | aircraft_type = ] 951 | | aircraft_type = ] 951 | ||
| | aircraft_name = | | aircraft_name = | ||
| | operator = |
| operator = ] | ||
| | IATA = | | IATA = | ||
| | ICAO = | | ICAO = | ||
| | callsign = | | callsign = | ||
| | tail_number = G-APEE | | tail_number = G-APEE | ||
| | origin = |
| origin = ], ] | ||
| | stopover = | | stopover = | ||
| | stopover0 = | | stopover0 = | ||
| Line 36: | Line 35: | ||
| | stopover5 = | | stopover5 = | ||
| | last_stopover = | | last_stopover = | ||
| | destination = |
| destination = Heathrow Airport, London | ||
| | occupants = 36 | | occupants = 36 | ||
| | passengers = 30 | | passengers = 30 | ||
| Line 44: | Line 43: | ||
| | missing = | | missing = | ||
| | survivors = 0 | | survivors = 0 | ||
| }} | |||
| The '''1965 British European Airways Vickers Vanguard crash''' was a domestic flight operated by a ] 951 aircraft of ] (BEA). On Wednesday, 27 October 1965, the aircraft crashed during landing at ], causing the deaths of all 36 people on board. At the time It was one of the deadliest aviation disasters in the ]. | |||
| == Aircraft == | == Aircraft == | ||
| The Vickers Vanguard 951, registered as G-APEE, was a turboprop airliner built in 1959. It was designed for short- and medium-range flights and was one of the fastest turboprop airliners |
The Vickers Vanguard 951, registered as G-APEE, was a ] airliner built in 1959. It was designed for short- and medium-range flights and was then one of the fastest turboprop airliners.<ref name="BAAA">{{cite web|url=https://www.baaa-acro.com/crash/crash-vickers-951-vanguard-london-36-killed |title=Crash of a Vickers 951 Vanguard in London: 36 killed|publisher=Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives|language=en|accessdate=2024-08-06}}</ref> | ||
| == Circumstances == | == Circumstances == | ||
| The aircraft was on a scheduled flight from Edinburgh Turnhouse Airport to |
The aircraft was on a scheduled flight from ] to Heathrow. The flight departed from Edinburgh at 23:17 on 26 October. The flight was uneventful until the aircraft approached London when, during the final approach to runway 28R, the aircraft encountered fog, with reports indicating visibility was less than 50 metres. Making an ILS approach with ATC talking it down through Precision Approach Radar, the aircraft overshot the runway twice and then entered hold. On hearing another Vanguard had made its landing, the pilot made another attempt but on its final approach to runway 28R, the crew decided to overshoot, taking the nose up and reducing flaps. However the aircraft crashed 2,600 feet from the threshold at around 01:23 and burst into flames, killing everyone on board.<ref>ICAO Circular p70, 72-73</ref><ref name="EdiNews">{{cite news|url=https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/news/edinburgh-plane-crash-victims-remembered-50-years-on-1492216 |date=20 October 2015 |title= Edinburgh plane crash victims remembered 50 years on|work=Edinburgh Evening News|language=en|accessdate=2024-08-06}}</ref> | ||
| == Investigation and |
== Investigation and findings == | ||
| The investigation into the crash revealed several key factors:<ref name="EdiNews" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/asndb/332526 |title= Aviation Safety Network |publisher=flightsafety.org |language=en|accessdate=2024-08-06}}</ref> | The investigation into the crash revealed several key factors:<ref name="EdiNews" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/asndb/332526 |title= Aviation Safety Network |publisher=flightsafety.org |language=en|accessdate=2024-08-06 |quote=citing ICAO Circular 88-AN/74 Volume III (70-82)}}</ref> | ||
| The visibility at the time of the crash was significantly below the required minimum for landing. Despite this, there was no evidence that the pilot was operating below the prescribed limits set by BEA for such conditions. | |||
| ⚫ | The investigation attributed the crash to pilot error. Contributing factors included low visibility, incorrect information given to the pilot, pilot fatigue, anxiety, lack of experience in landing in fog, and a series of procedural errors during the landing attempts. The aircraft had performed two missed approaches before the crash, and the final approach was marked by an incorrect flap selection and a misjudged descent rate, leading to a steep dive into the runway. | ||
| * Structural Issues: A detailed examination of the wreckage indicated structural failure of the aircraft. The rear pressure bulkhead was found to have severe corrosion, which had gone undetected during routine maintenance. This corrosion led to the failure of the bulkhead, resulting in the separation of the aircraft's tail section during the flight. | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| == Memorial == | == Memorial == | ||
| A memorial plaque was installed at Edinburgh Airport to |
A memorial plaque was installed at Edinburgh Airport to honour the victims of the crash.<ref name="Express">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/613421/Edinburgh-Airport-tribute-victims-1965-crash |title= Edinburgh Airport tribute to victims of 1965 crash|work=Daily Express|language=en|accessdate=2024-08-06}}</ref> The tragic event is remembered as one of the significant accidents in BEA's history, contributing to advancements in aviation safety and maintenance protocols.<ref name="EdiNews" /> | ||
| == See also == | == See also == | ||
| Line 70: | Line 68: | ||
| == References == | == References == | ||
| {{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
| *{{cite web |url=https://www.baaa-acro.com/sites/default/files/2018-02/G-APEE.pdf |title=ICAO Circular 88-AN/74 Volume III |page=70-82 }} | |||
| {{Aviation accidents and incidents in 1965}} | {{Aviation accidents and incidents in 1965}} | ||
| {{Aviation accidents and incidents in the United Kingdom}} | {{Aviation accidents and incidents in the United Kingdom in the 1960s}} | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
Latest revision as of 01:44, 24 December 2024
1965 aviation incident in London A Vickers Vanguard 951 of British European Airways | |
| Accident | |
|---|---|
| Date | 27 October 1965 (1965-10-27) |
| Summary | Crashed due to pilot error in low visibility during landing approach |
| Site | London Heathrow Airport, London 51°28′39″N 0°27′41″W / 51.4775°N 0.461389°W / 51.4775; -0.461389 |
| Total fatalities | 36 |
| Total injuries | 0 |
| Total survivors | 0 |
| Aircraft | |
| Aircraft type | Vickers Vanguard 951 |
| Operator | British European Airways |
| Registration | G-APEE |
| Flight origin | Turnhouse Airport, Edinburgh |
| Destination | Heathrow Airport, London |
| Occupants | 36 |
| Passengers | 30 |
| Crew | 6 |
| Fatalities | 36 |
| Injuries | 0 |
| Survivors | 0 |
The 1965 British European Airways Vickers Vanguard crash was a domestic flight operated by a Vickers Vanguard 951 aircraft of British European Airways (BEA). On Wednesday, 27 October 1965, the aircraft crashed during landing at London Heathrow Airport, causing the deaths of all 36 people on board. At the time It was one of the deadliest aviation disasters in the United Kingdom.
Aircraft
The Vickers Vanguard 951, registered as G-APEE, was a turboprop airliner built in 1959. It was designed for short- and medium-range flights and was then one of the fastest turboprop airliners.
Circumstances
The aircraft was on a scheduled flight from Edinburgh Turnhouse Airport to Heathrow. The flight departed from Edinburgh at 23:17 on 26 October. The flight was uneventful until the aircraft approached London when, during the final approach to runway 28R, the aircraft encountered fog, with reports indicating visibility was less than 50 metres. Making an ILS approach with ATC talking it down through Precision Approach Radar, the aircraft overshot the runway twice and then entered hold. On hearing another Vanguard had made its landing, the pilot made another attempt but on its final approach to runway 28R, the crew decided to overshoot, taking the nose up and reducing flaps. However the aircraft crashed 2,600 feet from the threshold at around 01:23 and burst into flames, killing everyone on board.
Investigation and findings
The investigation into the crash revealed several key factors:
The visibility at the time of the crash was significantly below the required minimum for landing. Despite this, there was no evidence that the pilot was operating below the prescribed limits set by BEA for such conditions.
The investigation attributed the crash to pilot error. Contributing factors included low visibility, incorrect information given to the pilot, pilot fatigue, anxiety, lack of experience in landing in fog, and a series of procedural errors during the landing attempts. The aircraft had performed two missed approaches before the crash, and the final approach was marked by an incorrect flap selection and a misjudged descent rate, leading to a steep dive into the runway.
Memorial
A memorial plaque was installed at Edinburgh Airport to honour the victims of the crash. The tragic event is remembered as one of the significant accidents in BEA's history, contributing to advancements in aviation safety and maintenance protocols.
See also
References
- "Crash of a Vickers 951 Vanguard in London: 36 killed". Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives. Retrieved 2024-08-06.
- ICAO Circular p70, 72-73
- ^ "Edinburgh plane crash victims remembered 50 years on". Edinburgh Evening News. 20 October 2015. Retrieved 2024-08-06.
- "Aviation Safety Network". flightsafety.org. Retrieved 2024-08-06.
citing ICAO Circular 88-AN/74 Volume III (70-82)
- "Edinburgh Airport tribute to victims of 1965 crash". Daily Express. Retrieved 2024-08-06.
- "ICAO Circular 88-AN/74 Volume III" (PDF). p. 70-82.
| Aviation accidents and incidents in the United Kingdom in the 1960s | |
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| Accidents and incidents in Crown Dependencies and current Overseas Territories are marked with an asterisk (*). 1950–1959 ◄ 1960–1969 ► 1970–1979 | |
- Aviation accidents and incidents in 1965
- Aviation accidents and incidents in London
- Accidents and incidents involving the Vickers Vanguard
- British European Airways accidents and incidents
- October 1965 events in the United Kingdom
- 1965 in London
- Airliner accidents and incidents involving controlled flight into terrain