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Revision as of 16:43, 31 May 2013 editRehevkor (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers19,286 edits Sorry, but forum posting are not reliable sources. Also some WP:BLP violations there.← Previous edit Latest revision as of 21:40, 26 December 2024 edit undo49.190.79.80 (talk) Fixed name in "Raspberry Pi 5" subheading.Tag: Visual edit 
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{{Short description|Series of low-cost single-board computers}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2012}}
{{Redirect|RPi|other uses|RPI (disambiguation){{!}}RPI|the dessert|Raspberry pie}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox computer {{Infobox computer
| name = Raspberry Pi | logo = ]
| logo = ] | name = Raspberry Pi
| image = ] | image = ]
| caption = "Raspberry Pi" Computer Model-B Rev1 | caption = Various Raspberry Pi computers
| releasedate = {{Start date and age|2012|2|29|df=yes}}
| developer = ]
| storage = ] slot, ] device for booting<ref name="Only certain models support this natively">{{cite web | url= https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/bootmodes/msd.md|website=Only Supports Pi 2 v1.2 and up|title=Pi Bootmodes}}</ref>
| releasedate = 29 February 2012<ref name=release></ref>
| os = ] (incl. ])<br />]<br />]<br />]<br />]<br />]<br />]<br />
| type = ]
]<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=Windows 10 for IoT |date=30 April 2015 |first=Liz |last=Upton |publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation| url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/windows-10-for-iot/}}</ref><br />]<br /> and OS-less ] RTL's{{clarify|date=May 2022}}
| price = US$ 25 (model A) and US$ 35 (model B)<!-- Do Not Change Units. Raspberry Pi Foundation stated prices in US Dollars -->
| website = {{official URL}}
| cpu = ] (armv6'''k''') 700&nbsp;],<ref name="Broadcom-BCM2835-Website"/> Raspberry Pis can dynamically increase clockspeeds, and some can temporarily reach speeds up to 1&nbsp;GHz.<ref name="Turbo mode"/>
| aka = RPi, Raspi
| graphics = ] ] IV<ref name="Broadcom-BCM2835-Website"/>
| type = ]
| storage = ] <br />(SD or SDHC card)
| memory = 256 ] (Model A)<br />512 ] (Model B rev 2)<ref>At first, for a short time, revision 2 boards were made that had 256MB of RAM</ref><br />256 ] (Model B rev 1)
| os = ] (], ], ], and ])<ref name="raspberrypi faqs"/> ], ], ], ]
| power = {{nowrap|2.5 W (model A)}}, {{nowrap|3.5 W (model B)}}
| website = {{URL|www.raspberrypi.org}}
}} }}
The '''Raspberry Pi''' is a credit-card-sized ] developed in the ] by the ] with the intention of promoting the teaching of basic ] in schools.<ref name=cheatsheet>{{cite web|url=http://www.silicon.com/technology/hardware/2011/10/03/raspberry-pi-cheat-sheet-39748024/ |title=Raspberry Pi: Cheat Sheet |publisher= Silicon.com |accessdate=6 May 2012}}</ref><ref name="faq">{{cite web | title = FAQs | publisher = Raspberry Pi Foundation | url = http://www.raspberrypi.org/?page_id=8 | accessdate =6 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Cellan-Jones | first = Rory | authorlink = Rory Cellan-Jones | title = A £15 computer to inspire young programmers |publisher=BBC News | date = 5 May 2011 | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/thereporters/rorycellanjones/2011/05/a_15_computer_to_inspire_young.html }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last = Price | first = Peter | title = Can a £15 computer solve the programming gap? | publisher = ] | date = 3 June 2011 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/click_online/9504208.stm | accessdate =2 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.electronicsweekly.com/Articles/2011/05/25/51129/Dongle-computer-lets-kids-discover-programming-on-a.htm | title = Dongle computer lets kids discover programming on a TV | accessdate =11 July 2011 | last = Bush | first = Steve | date = 25 May 2011 | publisher = ]}}</ref>
'''Raspberry Pi''' ({{IPAc-en|p|aɪ}}) is a series of small ]s (SBCs) developed in the ]. The original Raspberry Pi computer was developed by the ] in association with ]. Since 2012, all Raspberry Pi products have been developed by Raspberry Pi Ltd, which began as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Foundation.


The Raspberry Pi project originally leaned toward the promotion of teaching basic ] in schools.<ref>{{cite web |last= Cellan-Jones |first= Rory |title= A£15 computer to inspire young programmers |work=BBC News|date= 5 May 2011 |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/thereporters/rorycellanjones/2011/05/a_15_computer_to_inspire_young.html }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= Price |first= Peter |title= Can a £15 computer solve the programming gap? |work= ] |date= 3 June 2011 |url= https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/click_online/9504208.stm |access-date= 2 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.electronicsweekly.com/Articles/2011/05/25/51129/Dongle-computer-lets-kids-discover-programming-on-a.htm |title= Dongle computer lets kids discover programming on a TV |access-date= 11 July 2011 |last= Bush |first= Steve |date= 25 May 2011 |work= ]}}</ref> The original model became more popular than anticipated,<ref name="1000x"/> selling outside its ] for diverse uses such as ], ], ], and by computer and electronic hobbyists, because of its low cost, modularity, ], and its adoption of the ] and ] standards.
The Raspberry Pi is manufactured through licensed manufacturing deals with ]/], ] and Egoman. All of these companies sell the Raspberry Pi online.<ref></ref>
Egoman produce a version that is only able to be distributed in China and Taiwan and can be distinguished from other Pis as they are Red and do not have the FCC/CE marks. All of the hardware is the same.


The Raspberry Pi became the best-selling ] in 2015, when it surpassed the ] in unit sales.<ref name="bestseller" />
The Raspberry Pi has a ] BCM2835 ] (SoC),<ref name="Broadcom-BCM2835-Website"/> which includes an ] {{nowrap|700 MHz}} processor (The firmware includes a number of "Turbo" modes so that the user can attempt overclocking, up to 1&nbsp;GHz, without affecting the warranty),<ref name="Turbo mode">{{cite web|title=Introducing turbo mode: up to 50% more performance for free|url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/2008|publisher=Raspberrypi.org|accessdate=20 September 2012}}</ref> ] IV GPU,<ref name="grandmax brose 2012">{{cite news | url=http://www.grandmax.net/2012/01/broadcom-bcm2835-soc-has-powerful.html | title=Broadcom BCM2835 SoC has the most powerful mobile GPU in the world? | work=Grand MAX | date=30 January 2012 | accessdate=13 April 2012 | author=Brose, Moses}}</ref> and was originally shipped with 256 megabytes of ], later upgraded to 512MB.<ref name=512MB>{{cite web|url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/2180 |title=Model B now ships with 512MB of RAM |publisher=Raspberrypi.org |date= |accessdate=2012-10-15}}</ref> It does not include a built-in ] or ], but uses an ] for booting and long-term storage.<ref name="VerifiedPeripheralList"/> The Foundation's goal is to offer two versions, priced at US$25 and US$35. The Foundation started accepting orders for the higher priced model B on 29 February 2012,<ref name= lawler>Richard Lawler, 29 February 2012, , Engadget</ref> and the lower cost model A on 4 February 2013.<ref></ref>


== Origins and company history ==
The Foundation provides Debian and Arch Linux ARM ] for download.<ref name="raspberrypi downloads">{{cite web | url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads | title=Raspberry Pi downloads}}</ref> Also planned are tools for supporting ] as the main programming language,<ref name="raspberrypi faq eben proglang">{{cite web | url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/faqs#comment-132 | quote=Leads, a power supply or SD cards are not included but can be purchased at the same time from Farnell and RS. You will be able to buy preloaded SD cards too. ... We’ll be using Fedora as our recommended distribution. It’s straightforward to replace the root partition on the SD card with another ARM Linux distribution if you want to use something else. The OS is stored on the SD card. | title=FAQs | date=26 July 2011 | accessdate=12 December 2011 | author=Upton, Eben}}</ref><ref name="raspberrypi faq liz python">{{cite web | url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/faqs#comment-1632 | title=FAQs | publisher=Raspberry Pi | date=29 August 2011 | accessdate=12 December 2011 | author=Upton, Liz}}</ref> with support for ],<ref name="edge david braben">{{cite news | url= http://www.next-gen.biz/features/david-braben-interview | title=David Braben on Raspberry Pi | work= ] | date=25 November 2011 | accessdate=8 December 2011}}</ref> (via the ] image or the "Brandy Basic" clone for Linux),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jaguar.orpheusweb.co.uk/branpage.html |title=Brandy Basic |publisher=Jaguar.orpheusweb.co.uk |date=26 July 2005 |accessdate=6 May 2012}}</ref> ],<ref name="raspberrypi faq eben proglang" /> and ].<ref name="raspberrypi faq eben proglang" />
The ] was created as a ] in 2008,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raspberry Pi Foundation |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/06758215 |access-date=18 June 2024 |website=Companies House}}</ref> and was registered as a charity in 2009<ref>{{EW charity|1129409|Raspberry Pi Foundation}}</ref> by people at the ] who had noticed a decline in the number and skills of young people applying for ] courses.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=About Us |url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/about/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425012911/http://www.raspberrypi.org/about/ |archive-date=25 April 2014 |website=RaspberryPi.org |via=Internet Archive}}</ref>


In 2012, after the release of the second board type, the Raspberry Pi Foundation set up a new entity responsible for developing their computers, named Raspberry Pi (Trading) Ltd,<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Raspberry Pi Ltd |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/08207441 |access-date=18 June 2024 |website=Companies House}}</ref> and installed ] (one of the 2008 group) as ].<ref>{{cite web |title=Eben Upton CBE |url=https://archivesit.org.uk/interviews/eben-upton-cbe/ |access-date=2020-11-17 |website=Archives of IT |language=en-US}}</ref> The Foundation was rededicated as an educational charity for promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools and developing countries.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-search/-/charity-details/5002372 |title=Register of Charities - The Charity Commission - Raspberry Pi Foundation Charity number: 1129409 |publisher=] |date=2011-06-06 |quotation= The object of the charity is to further the advancement of education of adults and children, particularly in the field of Computers, Computer Science and related subjects }}</ref>
On 17 December 2012 the Raspberry Pi Foundation, in collaboration with IndieCity and Velocix, opened the "Pi Store", as a "one-stop shop for all your Raspberry Pi (software) needs". Using an application included in ], users can browse through several categories and download what they want. Software can also be uploaded for moderation and release.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/2768 |title=Introducing the Pi Store |publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation |date=December 17, 2012}}</ref>


In 2021, Raspberry Pi (Trading) Ltd changed its name to Raspberry Pi Ltd.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Upton |first=Liz |date=2021-10-06 |title=Welcome to our new website! |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/new-raspberry-pi-website/ |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=raspberrypi.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Its newly-formed parent company, ] Ltd, became a ] in June 2024, launching on the ] where it trades with the ] RPI.<ref>{{Cite web |title=London Stock Exchange {{!}} London Stock Exchange |url=https://www.londonstockexchange.com/stock/RPI/raspberry-pi-holdings-plc/about:blank |access-date=2024-06-11 |website=www.londonstockexchange.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Weatherbed |first=Jess |date=2024-05-15 |title=Raspberry Pi prepares to go public and expand its lineup of supercheap computers |url=https://www.theverge.com/2024/5/15/24157355/raspberry-pi-public-ipo-announcement |access-date=2024-06-08 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pounder |first=Les |date=2024-05-22 |title=$40 million Raspberry Pi IPO is set for June |url=https://www.tomshardware.com/raspberry-pi/dollar40-million-raspberry-pi-ipo-is-set-for-june |access-date=2024-06-08 |website=Tom's Hardware |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kharpal |first=Arjun |date=2024-06-11 |title=Computing firm Raspberry Pi pops 31% in rare London market debut |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/06/11/rasperry-pi-ipo-computing-firm-to-raise-211-million.html |access-date=2024-06-11 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref>
== History ==
]
In 2006, early concepts of the Raspberry Pi were based on the ] ]644 microcontroller. Its schematics and PCB layout are available for public download.<ref name="ubergizmo build your own">{{cite web | url=http://www.ubergizmo.com/2011/10/build-raspberry-pi-minicomputer/ | title=Build your own prototype Raspberry Pi minicomputer | publisher=ubergizmo | date=24 October 2011 | accessdate=2 November 2011 | author=Wong, George}}</ref> Foundation trustee ] assembled a group of teachers, academics and computer enthusiasts to devise a computer to inspire children.<ref name="guardian reboot computing">{{cite news | url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2012/jan/09/raspberry-pi-computer-revolutionise-computing-schools?newsfeed=true | title=Raspberry Pi device will 'reboot computing in schools' |work=The Guardian | date=9 January 2012 | accessdate=20 January 2012 | author=Moorhead, Joanna | location=London}}</ref> The computer is inspired by Acorn's ] of 1981.<ref name="businessweekly blown 2012">{{cite news | url=http://www.businessweekly.co.uk/blog/cambridge-today-tony-quested/13664-raspberry-blown-at-cambridge-software-detractors | title=Raspberry blown at Cambridge software detractors | work=Business Weekly | date=29 February 2012 | accessdate=13 March 2012 | author= Quested, Tony}}</ref> The first ARM prototype version of the computer was mounted in a package the same size as a ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tomshardware.com/news/Raspberry-Pi-David-Braben-Ubuntu-9-OLPC-Railroad-Tycoon,12709.html|title=Tiny USB-Sized PC Offers 1080p HDMI Output|accessdate=1 February 2012}}</ref> It had a USB port on one end and a ] port on the other.


Most Raspberry Pis are made in a ] factory in ], Wales,<ref>{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.sonypencoed.co.uk/about/ |access-date=27 September 2017 |website=sonypencoed.co.uk}}</ref> while others are made in China and Japan.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tung |first1=Liam |date=27 July 2017 |title=Raspberry Pi: 14 million sold, 10 million made in the UK |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/14-million-raspberry-pis-sold-10-million-made-in-the-uk/ |publisher=ZDNet}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |number=1392224692862427138 |user=chrisfleck |title=Great call with @EbenUpton today. Congrats on 40 Million #RaspberryPi sold! A lot more headed to The enterprise wit…<!-- full text of tweet that Twitter returned to the bot (excluding links) added by TweetCiteBot. This may be better truncated or may need expanding (TW limits responses to 140 characters) or case changes. --> |date=11 May 2021}}</ref>
=== Pre-launch ===
In August 2011, fifty Alpha boards were manufactured. These boards were functionally identical to the planned model B,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geek.com/articles/chips/raspberry-pi-25-pc-goes-into-alpha-production-20110728|title=Raspberry Pi $25 PC goes into alpha production|date=28 July 2011| first= Matthew| last=Humphries|publisher=Geek.com|accessdate=1 August 2011}}</ref> but were physically larger to accommodate debug headers. Demonstrations of the board showed it running the ] desktop on Debian, '']'' at ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_mDuJuvZjI&list=UUhmozgJ0cqX8Gx7676ZQ4ig&feature=plcp|title=Raspberry Pi YouTube Channel|accessdate=28 August 2011}}</ref> and ] ] video over HDMI.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TgR74Kp6Ws4|title=Full HD video demo at TransferSummit Oxford|accessdate=12 September 2011}}</ref>


== Series and generations ==
In October 2011, a version of {{nowraplinks|]}} was demonstrated in public, and following a year of development the port was released for general consumption in November 2012.<ref name="osnews risc os">{{cite web | url= http://www.osnews.com/story/25276/Raspberry_Pi_To_Embrace_RISC_OS | title=Raspberry Pi To Embrace RISC OS | work=] | date=31 October 2011 | accessdate=1 November 2011 | author=Holwerda, Thom}}</ref><ref name="archive london show 2011">{{cite news | title=The London show 2011 | work=Archive (magazine) | date=December 2011 | author=Dewhurst, Christopher | volume=23 | issue=3 | page=3}}</ref><ref name="iconbar newsround">{{cite web | url=http://www.iconbar.com/articles/Newsround/index1271.html | title=Newsround | work=] | accessdate=17 October 2011 | author=Lee, Jeffrey}}</ref><ref name="RaspbettyP RISC OS">{{cite web | url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/2338 | title=RISC OS for Raspberry Pi | accessdate=12 November 2012 | author=eben}}</ref>
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| width = 200
| image1 = Pi Zero.png
| caption1 = The Raspberry Pi Zero, introduced in 2015
| image2 = Raspberry Pi 3 B+ (39906369025).png
| caption2 = The Raspberry Pi 3 B+, introduced in 2018
| image3 = Raspberry Pi 4 Model B - Top.jpg
| caption3 = The Raspberry Pi 4 B, introduced in 2019
| image4 = Raspberry Pi Pico top and bottom composite.jpg
| caption4 = The Raspberry Pi Pico, introduced in 2021
| image5 = 18713-Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W-04 (cropped).jpg
| caption5 = The Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W, introduced in 2021
| image6 = Raspberry Pi 400 (50586757772).jpg
| caption6 = Raspberry Pi 400 Kit, introduced in 2020
| image7 = 23551-Raspberry-Pi-5-8G (cropped).jpg
| caption7 = The Raspberry Pi 5, introduced in 2023
}}
There are three series of Raspberry Pi, and several generations of each have been released. Raspberry Pi SBCs feature a ] ] (SoC) with an integrated ]-compatible ] (CPU) and ] (GPU), while Raspberry Pi Pico has a ] system on chip with an integrated ]-compatible ] (CPU).


===Raspberry Pi===
]
* The first-generation '''Raspberry Pi Model B''' was released in February 2012, followed by the simpler and cheaper '''Model A'''.
In December 2011, twenty-five model B Beta boards were assembled and tested<ref> Dom Cobley (4 February 2012)</ref> from one hundred unpopulated PCBs.<ref> ''(Raspberry Pi Blog)''</ref> The component layout of the Beta boards was the same as on production boards. A single error was discovered in the board design where some pins on the CPU were not held high; it was fixed for the first production run.<ref> ''(Raspberry Pi Blog)''</ref> The Beta boards were demonstrated booting Linux, playing a 1080p movie trailer and the ] Samurai ] benchmark.<ref> ''(Raspberry Pi Blog)''</ref>
* '''Raspberry Pi Model B+''', an improved design, was released in 2014. These first-generation boards feature ], are approximately credit-card sized, and represent the standard ''mainline'' form factor. The '''A+''' and an improved B model were released within a year. A ] was released in April 2014 for ].
<!-- Raspberry Pi 2 -->
* {{anchor|Raspberry Pi 2}}The '''Raspberry Pi 2 B''' was released in February 2015 and initially featured a 900&nbsp;MHz 32-bit quad-core ] processor with 1&nbsp;GB RAM. Revision 1.2 features a 900&nbsp;MHz ] quad-core ] processor (the same as that in the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B, but underclocked to 900&nbsp;MHz).<ref name=":0" />
<!-- Raspberry Pi 3 -->
* {{anchor|Raspberry Pi 3}}The '''Raspberry Pi 3 Model B''' was released in February 2016 with a 1.2&nbsp;GHz 64-bit ] ] processor, on-board ] ], ] and USB boot capabilities.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/magpi/pi-3-interview/|title=Eben Upton talks Raspberry Pi 3 |work=The MagPi Magazine|date=29 February 2016}}</ref>
* The '''Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+''' was launched on ] 2018 with a faster 1.4&nbsp;GHz processor, a three-times faster ] (throughput limited to ca. 300 ] by the internal USB 2.0 connection), and 2.4 / 5&nbsp;GHz ] ] Wi-Fi (100&nbsp;Mbit/s).<ref name="RapsberryPi3B+Release"/> Other features are ] (PoE) (with the add-on PoE ]), ] and ] (an ] is no longer required).
* The '''Raspberry Pi 3''' '''Model A+''' was launched in November 2018 as a similar board to the first Model A. It has a 1.4&nbsp;GHz 64-bit quad-core processor, with 2.4&nbsp;GHz dual-band and 5&nbsp;GHz wireless LAN & Bluetooth 4.2. It also has a 40-pin GPIO header, 512&nbsp;MB of DDR2 RAM, is powered by 5V of DC power via microUSB. A full-size HDMI port is used for connectivity, and one USB 2.0 port is on the board.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/app/uploads/2018/11/Raspberry_Pi_3A_product_brief.pdf|title=Raspberry Pi 3 Model A+|publisher=Raspberry Pi|access-date=24 August 2024}}</ref>
<!-- Raspberry Pi 4 -->
* {{anchor|Raspberry Pi 4}}The '''] Model B''' was released in June 2019<ref name="Pi4OnSale">{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/raspberry-pi-4-on-sale-now-from-35/|title=Raspberry Pi 4 on sale now from $35|date=24 June 2019|first=Eben|last=Upton|publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation}}</ref> with a 1.5&nbsp;GHz 64-bit quad core ] processor, on-board 802.11ac ], ], full ] (throughput not limited), two ] ports, two ] ports, 1, 2, 4, or 8&nbsp;GB of RAM, and dual-monitor support via a pair of micro HDMI (]) ports for up to ]. The version with 1&nbsp;GB RAM has been abandoned and the prices of the 2&nbsp;GB version have been reduced. The 8&nbsp;GB version has a revised circuit board. The Raspberry Pi 4 is also powered via a ] port, enabling additional power to be provided to downstream peripherals, when used with an appropriate PSU. But the Pi can only be operated with 5 volts and not 9 or 12 volts like other mini computers of this class. The initial Raspberry Pi 4 board had a design flaw where third-party ] USB cables, such as those used on MacBooks, incorrectly identify it and refuse to provide power.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.androidauthority.com/raspberry-pi-4-usb-c-1007617/|title=Confirmed: Raspberry Pi 4 suffers from significant USB-C design flaw|date=10 July 2019|website=Android Authority}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/07/09/the-raspberry-pi-4-doesnt-work-with-all-usb-c-cables/|title=The Raspberry Pi 4 doesn't work with all USB-C cables|website=TechCrunch|date=9 July 2019 |access-date=2 March 2022}}</ref> ] tested 14 different cables and found that 11 of them turned on and powered the Pi without issue.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tomshardware.com/news/raspberry-pi-4-usb-c-cables-that-work,39869.html |title=Tested: 10+ Raspberry Pi 4 USB-C Cables That Work |date=13 July 2019 |publisher=Tom's Hardware |access-date=21 July 2019 |quote="you’ll still need an AC adapter that delivers 5 volts and at least 3 amps of power so, unless you already have one, your best bet might be to buy the official Raspberry Pi 4 power supply, which comes with a built-in cable and goes for $8 to $10."}}</ref> The design flaw was fixed in revision 1.2 of the board, released in late 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2020/02/21/pi_4_fixed/ | title=Get in the C: Raspberry Pi 4 can handle a wider range of USB adapters thanks to revised design's silent arrival |date=21 February 2020 |first=Richard |last=Speed |website=] }}</ref> In mid-2021, Pi 4 B models appeared with the improved Broadcom BCM2711'''C0'''. The manufacturer is now using this chip for the Pi 4 B and Pi 400. However, the clock frequency of the Pi 4 B was not increased in the factory.
<!-- Raspberry Pi 400 -->
* {{anchor|Raspberry Pi 400}}The '''Raspberry Pi 400''' was released in November 2020. A modern example of a ], it features 4&nbsp;GB of LPDDR4 RAM on a custom board derived from the existing Raspberry Pi 4 combined with a keyboard in a single case. The case was derived from that of the Raspberry Pi Keyboard.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-11-03|title=Designing Raspberry Pi 400|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/designing-raspberry-pi-400/|access-date=2021-07-07|website=Raspberry Pi|language=en-GB}}</ref> A robust cooling solution (i.e. a broad metal plate) and an upgraded switched-mode power supply<ref name="1.8Ghz">{{cite web |last1=Upton |first1=Eben |title=Bullseye bonus: 1.8GHz Raspberry Pi 4 |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/bullseye-bonus-1-8ghz-raspberry-pi-4/ |website=Raspberry Pi |access-date=14 November 2021 |date=9 November 2021}}</ref> allow the Raspberry Pi 400's Broadcom BCM2711C0 processor to be clocked at 1.8&nbsp;GHz, which is 20% faster than the Raspberry Pi 4 upon which it is based.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://techreportarticles.com/news/reviews-news/raspberry-pi-400-review/|title=Raspberry Pi 400 Review|date=4 Jan 2021|website=TechReportArticles|access-date=5 January 2021|archive-date=5 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105032108/https://techreportarticles.com/news/reviews-news/raspberry-pi-400-review/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<!-- Raspberry Pi 5 -->{{anchor|Raspberry Pi 5}}
* {{anchor|Raspberry Pi 5}}The '''Raspberry Pi 5''' was announced in September 2023.<ref name=":2"/> It uses a 2.4GHz quad-core 64-bit ] CPU and a VideoCore VII GPU, with the improvements hardware and software making the Pi 5 more than twice as powerful as the Pi 4.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rudra |first=Sourav |date=2023-09-29 |title=Wow! Raspberry Pi 5 Already Sounds Like a Tinkerer's Favorite! |url=https://news.itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-5/ |access-date=2023-09-29 |website=itsfoss.com}}</ref> It has an I/O controller designed in-house, a power button, and an ] chip (which requires an external battery). At launch, the Pi 5 was available with either 4 or 8&nbsp;GB of RAM, at US$60 and US$80;<ref>{{Cite web |last=Humphries |first=Matthew |title=Raspberry Pi 5 Arrives in October With a Huge Performance Boost |url=https://www.pcmag.com/news/raspberry-pi-5-arrives-in-october-with-a-huge-performance-boost |website=PC Mag |date=28 September 2023 |access-date=9 November 2024}}</ref> a 2&nbsp;GB variant was released in August 2024 at US$50.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roth |first=Emma |title=Raspberry Pi 5 gets a cheaper 2GB option |url=https://www.theverge.com/2024/8/19/24223494/raspberry-pi-5-cheaper-2gb-option |website=The Verge |date=19 August 2024 |access-date=9 November 2024}}</ref> The Pi 5 lacks a ], so Bluetooth, HDMI, USB audio or an Audio HAT are the options for audio output.
* In December 2024, Raspberry Pi introduced the keyboard-based '''Raspberry Pi 500''', successor to the Pi 400.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dillet |first=Romain |date=2024-12-09 |title=It’s a Raspberry Pi 5 in a keyboard, and it’s called the Raspberry Pi 500 |url=https://techcrunch.com/2024/12/09/its-a-raspberry-pi-5-in-a-keyboard-and-its-called-the-raspberry-pi-500/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pounder |first=Les |date=2024-12-09 |title=Raspberry Pi 500 Review: The keyboard is the computer, again |url=https://www.tomshardware.com/raspberry-pi/raspberry-pi-500-review |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=Tom's Hardware |language=en}}</ref>


===Raspberry Pi Zero===
During the first week of 2012, the first 10 boards were put up for auction on ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/482 |title=We’re auctioning ten beta Raspberry Pi's; |publisher=Raspberrypi.org |date=31 December 2011 |accessdate=6 May 2012}}</ref><ref name="theregister yours for just">{{cite news | url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/01/03/raspberry_pi_auction/ | title=That Brit-built £22 computer: Yours for just £1,900 or more | work=] | date=3 January 2012 | accessdate=10 January 2012 | author=Williams, Chris}}</ref> One was bought anonymously and donated to the museum at ] in Suffolk, England.<ref name="techweekeurope production">{{cite news | url=http://www.techweekeurope.co.uk/news/raspberry-pi-goes-into-production-53652 | title=Raspberry Pi Goes Into Production | work=TechWeekEurope UK | date=11 January 2012 | accessdate=11 January 2012 | author=Cheerin, Iris}}</ref><ref name="computinghistory donated">{{cite web | url=http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/news/16944/ | title=One of the First Raspberry Pi Computers Donated to Museum | publisher=] | date=9 January 2012 | accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> The ten boards (with a total retail price of £220) together raised over £16,000,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ebay.co.uk/csc/raspberry_pi/m.html?LH_Complete=1&_ipg=50&_since=15&_sop=13&_rdc=1 |title=eBay list of items sold by Raspberry Pi '&#39;(retrieved 13 January 2012)'&#39; |publisher=Ebay.co.uk |accessdate=6 May 2012}}</ref> with the last to be auctioned, serial number No. 01, raising £3,500.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/Raspberry-Pi-Model-B-beta-board-01-limited-series-10-/180786868894?pt=LH_DefaultDomain_3&hash=item2a17bcb29e |title=eBay item '&#39;(retrieved 13 January 2012)'&#39; |publisher=Ebay.co.uk |date=11 January 2012 |accessdate=6 May 2012}}</ref> In advance of the anticipated launch at the end of February 2012, the Foundation's servers struggled to cope with the load placed by watchers repeatedly refreshing their browsers.<ref name="cabume early wednesday launch">{{cite news | url= http://www.cabume.co.uk/the-cluster/qset-your-alarmsq-raspberry-pi-looks-ready-for-early-wednesday-launch.html | title="Set your alarms!" – Raspberry Pi looks ready for early Wednesday launch | work= Cabume | date=28 February 2012 | accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref>
* The '''Raspberry Pi Zero''' with smaller size and reduced ] (I/O) and ] (GPIO) capabilities was released in November 2015 for US$5.
* The '''Raspberry Pi Zero v1.3''' was released in May 2016, which added a camera connector.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Upton |first=Eben |date=2016-05-16 |title=Zero grows a camera connector |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/zero-grows-camera-connector/ |access-date=2022-07-31 |website=Raspberry Pi |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* The '''Raspberry Pi Zero W''' was launched in February 2017, a version of the Zero with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities, for US$10.<ref name="ars201702" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/3175256/computers/the-10-raspberry-pi-zero-w-brings-wi-fi-and-bluetooth-to-the-minusule-micro-pc.html|title=The $10 Raspberry Pi Zero W brings Wi-Fi and Bluetooth to the minuscule micro|work=PC World|access-date=28 February 2017}}</ref>
* The '''Raspberry Pi Zero WH''' was launched in January 2018, a version of the Zero W with pre-soldered GPIO headers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/zero-wh/|title=Zero WH: Pre-soldered headers and what to do with them|publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation|date=12 January 2018|first=Alex|last=Bate}}</ref>
* The '''Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W''' was launched in October 2021, a version of the Zero W with a ] (SiP) designed by Raspberry Pi and based on the Raspberry Pi 3.<ref name="PiZero2WAnnouncement">{{Cite news|url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/new-raspberry-pi-zero-2-w-2/|title=New product: Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W on sale now at $15|publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation|date=28 October 2021|first=Eben|last=Upton}}</ref> In contrast to the older Zero models, the Pi Zero 2 W is 64-bit capable. The price is around US$15.


=== Launch === ===Raspberry Pi Pico===
{{Distinguish|PIC microcontrollers}}
The first batch of 10,000 boards was manufactured in Taiwan and China,<ref name="tax-news.com balks">{{cite news | url=http://www.tax-news.com/news/Raspberry_Pi_Balks_At_UK_Tax_Regime____53494.html | title=Raspberry Pi Balks At UK Tax Regime | work=Tax-News.com | date=17 January 2012 | accessdate=20 January 2012 | author=Lee, Robert}}</ref><ref name="civilsociety manufacture abroad">{{cite news | url=http://www.civilsociety.co.uk/finance/news/content/11318/uk_computing_charity_manufacturing_product_abroad | title=UK computing charity opts to manufacture product abroad | accessdate=20 January 2012 | author=Weakley, Kirsty | publisher=Civil Society Media}}</ref> rather than in the ]. This is in part because ] is payable on individual components but not on finished products. Chinese manufacturers also quoted a ] of {{nowrap|four weeks}}, compared to {{nowrap|twelve weeks}} in the ].
{{See also|RP2040}}
* '''Raspberry Pi Pico''' was released in January 2021 with a retail price of $4.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Campbell |first1=Ian |title=The Raspberry Pi Pico is a tiny $4 microcontroller running off the company's very own chip |url=https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2021/1/21/22242619/raspberry-pi-pico-microcontroller-tiny-computer-diy-projects |access-date=22 January 2021 |publisher=the verge |date=21 January 2021}}</ref> It was Raspberry Pi's first board based upon a single ] chip; the ], which was designed by Raspberry Pi in the UK.<ref>{{cite web|last=Foundation|first=The Raspberry Pi|title=Raspberry Pi Pico specifications|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-pico/|access-date=2021-01-21|website=Raspberry Pi|language=en-GB}}</ref> The Pico has 264&nbsp;KB of RAM and 2&nbsp;MB of ]. It is programmable in ], ], ], ], ] and ]. Raspberry Pi has partnered with ], ], ] and ] to build accessories for Raspberry Pi Pico and variety of other boards using RP2040 Silicon Platform.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/raspberry-pi-silicon-pico-now-on-sale/|title=Meet Raspberry Silicon: Raspberry Pi Pico now on sale at $4|date=21 January 2021}}</ref> Rather than perform the role of general purpose computer (like the others in the range) it is designed for ], similar in concept to an Arduino.<ref>{{cite web|last=January 2021|first=Les Pounder 28|title=Raspberry Pi Pico vs Arduino: Which Board Is Better?|url=https://www.tomshardware.com/uk/features/raspberry-pi-pico-vs-arduino|access-date=2021-03-11|website=Tom's Hardware|date=28 January 2021|language=en}}</ref>
* The '''Raspberry Pi Pico W''' was launched in June 2022, a version of the Pico with ] ] capability, for US$6. The CYW43439 wireless chip in the Pico W also supports ], but the capability was not enabled at launch.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/raspberry-pi-pico-w-your-6-iot-platform/|title=Raspberry Pi Pico W: your $6 IoT platform|work=Raspberry Pi|access-date=30 June 2022}}</ref>
* The '''Raspberry Pi Pico 2''' was launched in August 2024 with a retail price of $5, based on a new ] ]/] microcontroller. The Pico 2 has 520&nbsp;KB of RAM and 4&nbsp;MB of flash memory and is hardware and software compatible with the original Pico.<ref>{{cite press release |last1=Upton |first1=Eben |title=Raspberry Pi Pico 2, our new $5 microcontroller board, on sale now |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/raspberry-pi-pico-2-our-new-5-microcontroller-board-on-sale-now/ |website=Raspberry Pi |access-date=8 August 2024}}</ref>
* The '''Raspberry Pi Pico 2 W''' was released in November 2024, with a retail price of $7 and using the RP2350 microcontroller. It has 4 MB of on-board flash memory to store code, while the RP2350 features 520 KB of on-chip SRAM. As for wireless capabilities, the Pico 2 W supports Wi-Fi (2.4GHz 802.11n) and Bluetooth 5.2.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dillet |first=Romain |date=2024-11-25 |title=Raspberry Pi releases the Pico 2 W, a $7 wireless-enabled microcontroller board |url=https://techcrunch.com/2024/11/25/raspberry-pi-releases-the-pico-2-w-a-7-wireless-enabled-microcontroller-board/ |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref>


===Model comparison===
Shipping delays for the first batch were announced in March 2012, as the result of installation of an incorrect Ethernet port.<ref name="raspberrypi hiccup 2012">{{cite web | url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/781 | title=Manufacturing hiccup | publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation | date=8 March 2012 | accessdate=19 March 2012 | author=Upton, Liz}}</ref><ref name="ibtimes hiccup 2012">{{cite news | url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/articles/311738/20120309/raspberry-pi-delayed.htm | title=Raspberry Pi £22 Computer Delayed Due to 'Manufacturing Hiccup' | work=] | date=9 March 2012 | accessdate=19 March 2012 | author=Gilbert, David}}</ref> But the Foundation expects that manufacturing quantities of future batches can be increased with little difficulty if required.<ref name="ibtimes upton interview 2012">{{cite news | url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/articles/313480/20120313/eben-upton-raspberry-pi-founder-interview.htm | title=Interview with Eben Upton – Raspberry Pi Founder | work=] | date=13 March 2012 | accessdate=19 March 2012 | author=Gilbert, David}}</ref>
{{Expand section|with=information on compute modules|date=August 2024}}
<blockquote>"We have ensured we can get them in large numbers and Premier Farnell and RS Components have been fantastic at helping to source components," Upton said.</blockquote>
<div style="max-width:100%; overflow:auto;">
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Family
! scope="col" | Model
! scope="col" | SoC
! scope="col" | Memory
! scope="col" | Form factor
! scope="col" | Ethernet
! scope="col" | Wireless
! scope="col" | GPIO
! scope="col" | Released
! scope="col" | Discontinued
|-
| rowspan="6" | Raspberry Pi
| rowspan="2" | B
| rowspan="6" | BCM2835
|| 256 MB
| rowspan="4" | Standard{{efn|group="form"|name="std"}}
| rowspan="2" {{Yes}}
| rowspan="6" {{No}}
| rowspan="3" | 26-pin
| 2012
| rowspan="3" {{Yes N}}
|-
|| 512 MB
| 2012<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/model-b-now-ships-with-512mb-of-ram/|title=Model B Now Ships with 512MB of RAM|date=15 October 2012|website=Raspberry Pi Blog|access-date=31 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
| A
|| 256 MB
| {{No}}
| 2013
|-
| B+
| 512 MB
| {{Yes}}
| rowspan="3" | 40-pin
| rowspan="3" | 2014
| {{No Y}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | A+
| 256 MB
| rowspan="2" | Compact{{efn|group="form"|name="cmpt"}}
| rowspan="2" {{No}}
| {{Yes N}}
|-
| 512 MB
| {{No Y}}
|-
| Raspberry Pi 2
| B
| BCM2836 / 7
| 1 GB
| Standard{{efn|group="form"|name="std"}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
|40-pin
| 2015
| {{No Y}}
|-
| rowspan="3" | Raspberry Pi Zero
| Zero
| rowspan="2" | BCM2835
| rowspan="3" | 512 MB
| rowspan="3" | Ultra-compact{{efn|group="form"|name="zero"|{{cvt|65|x|30|mm}}}}
| rowspan="3" {{No}}
| {{No}}
| rowspan="3" |40-pin
|2015
| rowspan="3" {{No Y}}
|-
| W / WH
| rowspan="2" {{Yes}}
| 2017
|-
| 2 W
| BCM2710A1{{efn|group="soc"|name="custom"}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Upton|first=Eben|date=28 October 2021|title=New product: Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W on sale now at $15|publisher=Raspberry Pi Trading|url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/new-raspberry-pi-zero-2-w-2/|access-date=2 December 2021|quote=Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W uses the same Broadcom BCM2710A1 SoC die as the launch version of Raspberry Pi 3}}</ref>
| 2021
|-
| rowspan="3" | Raspberry Pi 3
| B
| BCM2837A0 / B0
| 1 GB
| Standard{{efn|group="form"|name="std"}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| rowspan="3" |40-pin
| 2016
| rowspan="3" {{No Y}}
|-
| A+
| rowspan="2" | BCM2837B0
| 512 MB
| Compact{{efn|group="form"|name="cmpt"}}
| {{No}}
| rowspan="2" {{Yes}}{{efn|group="wifi"|name="dual"}}
| 2018
|-
| B+
| 1 GB
| Standard{{efn|group="form"|name="std"}}
| {{Yes}}{{efn|group="nicspeed"|name="usb"}}
| 2018
|-
| rowspan="5" | Raspberry Pi 4
| rowspan="4" | B<ref>{{cite news |author1=Les Pounder |title=Raspberry Pi 4A Could Skip USB 3, Have PCIe Port |url=https://www.tomshardware.com/news/raspberry-pi-4-a-possible-features |access-date=20 August 2024 |work=Tom's Hardware |date=14 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
| rowspan="5" | BCM2711B0 / C0<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aufranc (CNXSoft) |first=Jean-Luc |date=2020-11-02 |title=Raspberry Pi 400 Keyboard Computer Features 1.8 GHz BCM2711C0 Processor - CNX Software |url=https://www.cnx-software.com/2020/11/02/raspberry-pi-400-keyboard-computer-features-1-8-ghz-bcm2711c0-processor/ |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=CNX Software - Embedded Systems News |language=en-US}}</ref>
| rowspan="1" | 1 GB
| rowspan="4" | Standard{{efn|group="form"|name="std"}}
| rowspan="5" {{Yes}}{{efn|group="nicspeed"|name="1000BaseT"}}
| rowspan="5" {{Yes}}{{efn|group="wifi"|name="dual"}}
| rowspan="5" |40-pin
| rowspan="3" | 2019<ref name="TechRepublicPi4" />
| rowspan="1" {{Yes-No|Temporarily}} (2020–2021)<ref name="TwoGBMin">{{Cite news|last=Halfacree|first=Gareth|date=March 2020|title=Raspberry Pi 4 now comes with 2GB RAM Minimum|page=6|work=The MagPi|publisher=Raspberry Pi Press|issue=91|url=https://magpi.raspberrypi.org/issues/91/pdf|access-date=28 May 2020|quote=we say farewell to the 1GB model}}</ref><ref name="1GBReturns" />
|-
| 2 GB
| rowspan="4" {{No Y}}
|-
| 4 GB
|-
| 8 GB
| rowspan="2" | 2020
|-
| 400
| 4 GB
| Keyboard
|-
| rowspan="3" | Raspberry Pi Pico
|Pico
| rowspan="2" | ]
| rowspan="2" | 264 KB
| rowspan="3" | Pico{{efn|group="form"|name="pico"}}
| rowspan="3" {{No}}
| {{No}}
| rowspan="3" | 40-pin
| 2021
| rowspan="3" {{No Y}}
|-
| W
| {{Yes}}{{efn|group="wifi"|name="24band"}}
| 2022
|-
| 2
|]
|520 KB
| {{No}}
|2024
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" | Raspberry Pi 5<ref>{{citation |last1=Upton |first1=Liz |title=Re: What is the full name of the new Raspberry Pi 5 model?|url=https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?t=357010#p2140300 |access-date=3 October 2023 |publisher=Raspberry Pi Ltd |date=1 October 2023}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" | BCM2712
| 2 GB
| rowspan="3" | Standard{{efn|group="form"|name="std"}}
| rowspan="3" {{Yes}}{{efn|group="nicspeed"|name="1000BaseT"}}
| rowspan="3" {{Yes}}{{efn|group="wifi"|name="dual"}}
| rowspan="3" | 40-pin
| 2024
| rowspan="3" {{No Y}}
|-
| 4 GB
| rowspan="2" | 2023
|-
| 8 GB
|}
</div>
{{notelist|group="Form Factor"|refs=
{{efn|group="form"|name="std"|{{cvt|85.6|x|56.5|mm}}}}
{{efn|group="form"|name="cmpt"|{{cvt|65|x|56.5|mm}}}}
{{efn|group="form"|name="pico"|{{cvt|21|x|51|mm}}}}
{{efn|group="soc"|name="custom"|Custom Raspberry Pi ] RP3A0}}
{{efn|group="nicspeed"|name="usb"|]; Throughput limited to ca. 300 Mbit/s by the internal USB 2.0 connection}}
{{efn|group="nicspeed"|name="1000BaseT"|]}}
{{efn|group="wifi"|name="dual"|Dual band}}
{{efn|group="wifi"|name="24band"|2.4 GHz band}}
}}


== Hardware ==
Initial sales commenced 29 February 2012<ref name="bbc on sale">{{cite news | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-17190918 | title=The Raspberry Pi £22 computer goes on general sale |work=BBC News | date=29 February 2012 | accessdate=29 February 2012}}</ref> at 06:00&nbsp;UTC;. At the same time, it was announced that the Model A, originally to have had 128&nbsp;MB of RAM, was to be upgraded to 256&nbsp;MB before release.<ref name=lawler/> The Foundation's website also announced "Six years after the project's inception, we're nearly at the end of our first run of development – although it's just the beginning of the Raspberry Pi story."<ref name="thehindu 2012">{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/article2954870.ece | title=Low-cost mini-PC Raspberry Pi gets heavily booked |work=The Hindu | date=2 March 2012 | accessdate=12 March 2012 | author=Subramanian, Karthik | location=Chennai, India}}</ref> The ] of the two licensed manufacturers selling Raspberry Pi's within the United Kingdom, ] and ], had their websites stalled by heavy web traffic immediately after the launch.<ref name="arstechnica retailers toppled">{{cite news | url=http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/news/2012/02/raspberry-pi-retailers-toppled-by-demand-as-35-linux-computer-launches.ars | title=Raspberry Pi retailers toppled by demand as $35 Linux computer launches | work=] | date=29 February 2012 | accessdate=29 February 2012 | author=Paul, Ryan}}</ref> At one point the webmaster pleaded, "Guys – can you please stop hitting ] on our website quite so often? You're bringing the server to its knees."<ref name="guardian with program 2012">{{cite news | url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2012/mar/04/raspberry-pi-schools-computer-science | title=The Raspberry Pi can help schools get with the programme |work=The Observer | date=4 March 2012 | accessdate=12 March 2012 | author=Naughton, John | location=London}}</ref> Although as yet unconfirmed, reports suggest that there are over two million expressions of interest or pre-orders.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://elinux.org/RPi_Buying_Guide#Q:_Couldn.27t_this_have_been_handled_better.2C_I_couldn.27t_get_on_the_site_to_order_and_they_sold_too_quickly.3F |title=Raspberry Pi Buying Guide |publisher=Elinux.org |accessdate=6 May 2012}}</ref> The official Raspberry Pi Twitter account reported that Premier Farnell sold out within a few minutes of the initial launch, while RS Components took over 100,000 pre orders on day one.<ref name=lawler/> {{As of|2012|September}}, about 500,000 boards have been sold.<ref name="wired lomas">{{cite news | url=http://www.wired.com/opinion/2012/09/raspberry-pi-insider-exclusive-sellout-to-sell-out/ | title=Raspberry Pi’s Secret: ‘Sell Out a Little to Sell a Lot’ |work=Wired | date=25 September 2012 | accessdate=25 September 2012 | author=Lomas, Pete}}</ref>
{{More citations needed|section|date=November 2020}}The Raspberry Pi hardware has evolved through several versions that feature variations in the type of the central processing unit, amount of ] capacity, networking support, and peripheral-device support.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khaliq |first=Azzief |date=2024-04-27 |title=The Evolution Of Raspberry Pi: From Prototype To Single-Board Computing Workhorse |url=https://www.slashgear.com/1566508/raspberry-pi-history-evolution-small-single-board-computer/ |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=SlashGear |language=en-US}}</ref>


{{anchor|Block diagram<!--linked to from "Hardware" section-->}}]
Manufacturers were reported in March 2012 to be taking a "healthy number" of pre-orders.<ref name="computerweekly community 2012">{{cite news | url=http://www.computerweekly.com/blogs/open-source-insider/2012/03/community-strength-blossoms-for-raspberry-pi.html | title=Community strength blossoms for Raspberry Pi | work=] | date=15 March 2012 | accessdate=15 March 2012 | author=Bridgwater, Adrian}}</ref>


] describes models B, B+, A and A+. The Pi Zero models are similar, but lack the ] and ] hub components. The Ethernet adapter is internally connected to an additional USB port. In Model A, A+, and the Pi Zero, the USB port is connected directly to the ] (SoC). On the Pi 1 Model B+ and later models the USB/Ethernet chip contains a five-port USB hub, of which four ports are available, while the Pi 1 Model B only provides two. On the Pi Zero, the USB port is also connected directly to the SoC, but it uses a ] (OTG) port. Unlike all other Pi models, the 40 pin GPIO connector is omitted on the Pi Zero, with solderable through-holes only in the pin locations. The Pi Zero WH remedies this.
=== Post-launch ===
On 16 April 2012 reports started to appear from the first buyers who had received their Raspberry Pi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/general-discussion/delivery |title=the first reports of forum members reporting they received their Raspberry Pi |publisher=Raspberrypi.org |date=16 April 2012 |accessdate=6 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.engadget.com/2012/04/16/raspberry-pi-begins-shipping/ |title=engadget reports raspberry pi begins shipping (video) |publisher=Engadget.com |accessdate= 6 May 2012}}</ref> As of 22 May 2012 over 20,000 units have been shipped.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1298 |title=Add your Raspberry Pi to the Rastrack map |publisher= Raspberrypi.org |date=22 May 2012 |accessdate=14 June 2012}}</ref> On 16 July 2012 it was announced that 4000 units were being manufactured per day, allowing Raspberry Pis to be bought in bulk.<ref name=electronista>{{cite news|title=Raspberry Pi lifts sale restrictions, open to bulk buyers|url=http://www.electronista.com/articles/12/07/16/rs.farnell.manufacturing.4000.raspberry.pis.per.day/|accessdate=29 August 2012|newspaper=Electronista|publisher=Macintosh News Network|date=16 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1588 |title=Want to buy more than one Raspberry Pi? Now you can! |publisher= Raspberrypi.org |date=16 July 2012 |accessdate=16 July 2012}}</ref> On 5 September the Raspberry Pi Foundation announced a second revision of the Model B Raspberry Pi.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1929 |title=Upcoming board revision |publisher= Raspberrypi.org |date=6 September 2012 |accessdate=5 September 2012}}</ref> On 6 September 2012 it was announced that in future the bulk of Raspberry Pi units would be manufactured in the UK, at ]'s manufacturing facility in ], ]. The Foundation estimates the plant will produce 30,000 units per month, and will create about 30 new jobs.<ref name="computerworlduk dunn 2012">{{cite news|last=Dunn|first=John E|title=Raspberry Pi resurrects UK computer industry with new jobs|url=http://www.computerworlduk.com/news/open-source/3379912/raspberry-pi-resurrests-uk-computer-industry-with-new-jobs/|accessdate=13 September 2012|newspaper=]|date=7 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1925 |title=Made in the UK! |publisher= Raspberrypi.org |date=6 September 2012 |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref> In October 2012 it was reported that some customers of one of the two main distributors had been waiting more than six months for their orders. This was reported to be due to difficulties in sourcing the CPU and conservative sales forecasting by this distributor.<ref name="zdnet shead 2012">{{cite news | url=http://www.zdnet.com/raspberry-pi-delivery-delays-leave-buyers-hungry-and-angry-7000005919/ | title=Raspberry Pi delivery delays leave buyers hungry (and angry) | work=] | date=18 October 2012 | accessdate=18 October 2012 | author=Shead, Sam}}</ref>


Processor speed ranges from 700&nbsp;MHz to 2.4&nbsp;GHz for the Pi 5; on-board memory ranges from 256 ] to 8 ] ] (RAM), with only the Raspberry Pi 4 and the Raspberry Pi 5 having more than 1&nbsp;GB. ] (SD) cards in MicroSDHC form factor (SDHC on early models) are used to store the operating system and program memory, however some models also come with onboard ] storage<ref>{{cite web|title=Flashing the Compute Module eMMC – Raspberry Pi Documentation|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/computemodule/cm-emmc-flashing.md|access-date=2021-07-14|website=www.raspberrypi.org}}</ref> and the Raspberry Pi 4 can also make use of USB-attached ] storage for its operating system.<ref>{{cite web|title=I'm booting my Raspberry Pi 4 from a USB SSD {{!}} Jeff Geerling|url=https://www.jeffgeerling.com/blog/2020/im-booting-my-raspberry-pi-4-usb-ssd|access-date=2021-07-14|website=www.jeffgeerling.com}}</ref> The boards have one to five ] ports. For video output, ] and ] are supported, with a standard 3.5&nbsp;mm ] jack carrying mono audio together with composite video. Lower-level output is provided by a number of ] pins, which support common protocols like ]. The B-models have an ] ] port and the Pi 3, Pi 4 and Pi Zero W have on-board ] ] and ].<ref>{{cite web|last=Team|first=Device Plus Editorial|date=2016-09-15|title=Raspberry Pi 3 Model B WiFi & Bluetooth Setup|url=https://www.deviceplus.com/raspberry-pi/raspberry-pi-3-model-b-wifi-bluetooth-setup/|access-date=2020-11-17|website=Device Plus|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Hardware ==
{{Clear|left}}
]


=== Processor ===
[[File:Raspberrypi block function v01.svg|thumb|Block diagram of the Model-B;<br />
] processor.]]
in a Model-A the lowest two blocks and the rightmost block are missing (note that these three blocks are in a chip that actually contains a three-port USB hub, with a USB Ethernet adapter connected to one of its ports).<br />
The Broadcom BCM2835 SoC used in the first generation Raspberry Pi<ref name="Broadcom-BCM2835-Website" /> includes a ]-based 700 ] ] ]76JZF-S processor, ] IV ] (GPU),<ref name="grandmax brose 2012">{{cite news|url=https://www.grandmax.net/2012/01/broadcom-bcm2835-soc-has-powerful.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218012632/https://www.grandmax.net/2012/01/broadcom-bcm2835-soc-has-powerful.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 February 2012|title=Broadcom BCM2835 SoC has the most powerful mobile GPU in the world?|date=30 January 2012|work=Grand MAX|access-date=13 April 2012|author=Brose, Moses}}</ref> and RAM. It has a level 1 (L1) ] of 16 ] and a level 2 (L2) cache of 128&nbsp;KB. The ] is used primarily by the GPU. The SoC is ] underneath the RAM chip, so only its edge is visible. The ARM1176JZ(F)-S is the same CPU used in the ],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/2782|title=The iPhone 3GS Hardware Exposed & Analyzed|last=Shimpi|first=Anand Lal|access-date=11 October 2018}}</ref> although at a higher ], and mated with a much faster GPU.
In the Model-A the USB port is connected directly to the SoC.]]
] server.]]
]


The earlier V1.1 model of the Raspberry Pi 2 used a Broadcom BCM2836 SoC with a 900&nbsp;MHz ], ] ] processor, with 256&nbsp;KB shared L2 cache.<ref name="2-B-Announcement">{{cite web| url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/raspberry-pi-2-on-sale/ |title=Raspberry Pi 2 on sale now at $35 |publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation |date=2 February 2015 |first=Eben |last=Upton |access-date=5 August 2015}}</ref> The Raspberry Pi 2 V1.2 was upgraded to a Broadcom BCM2837 SoC with a 1.2&nbsp;GHz ] quad-core ] processor,<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://docs-europe.electrocomponents.com/webdocs/1568/0900766b8156853c.pdf|title=Raspberry Pi 2, Model B V1.2 Technical Specifications|publisher=]|access-date=20 September 2017|archive-date=20 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920142155/http://docs-europe.electrocomponents.com/webdocs/1568/0900766b8156853c.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> the same one which is used on the Raspberry Pi 3, but ] (by default) to the same 900&nbsp;MHz CPU clock speed as the V1.1. The BCM2836 SoC is no longer in production as of late 2016.
Initial sales are of the Model B, with plans to release the Model A in early 2013. Model A has one ] port and no ] controller, and will cost less than the Model B with two USB ports and a 10/100 Ethernet controller.<ref name="SMSC-LAN9512-Website"/>


The Raspberry Pi 3 Model B uses a Broadcom BCM2837 SoC with a 1.2&nbsp;GHz ] quad-core ] processor, with 512&nbsp;KB shared L2 cache. The Model A+ and B+ are 1.4&nbsp;GHz<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/|title=Buy a Raspberry Pi 3 Model B – Raspberry Pi|website=raspberrypi.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Raspberry Pi 3 Model A+ |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-3-model-a-plus}}/</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-3-model-b-plus/}}/</ref>
Though the Model A doesn't have an ] (RJ45) Ethernet port, it can connect to a network by using a user-supplied USB Ethernet or ] adapter. There is in reality no difference between a {{nowrap|model A}} with an external Ethernet adapter and a {{nowrap|model B}} with one built in, because the Ethernet port of the {{nowrap|model B}} is actually a built-in USB Ethernet adapter. As is typical of modern computers, generic USB ]s and ] are compatible with the Raspberry Pi.<ref name="VerifiedPeripheralList"/>


The Raspberry Pi 4 uses a Broadcom BCM2711 SoC with a 1.5&nbsp;GHz (later models: 1.8&nbsp;GHz) 64-bit quad-core ] processor, with 1&nbsp;MB shared L2 cache.<ref name="pi-4-specs">{{cite web |title=Raspberry Pi 4 Model B specifications |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-4-model-b/specifications/ |access-date=28 June 2019}}</ref><ref name="pi-4-ct-article">{{cite journal | last = Merten | first = Dr. Maik | date = 14 September 2019 | title = Raspi-Kernschau – Das Prozessor-Innenleben des Raspberry Pi 4 im Detail | trans-title = Raspi-kernel-show – The inner life of the Raspberry Pi 4 processor in detail | language = de | journal = C't | volume = 2019 | issue = 20 | pages = 164–169}}</ref> Unlike previous models, which all used a custom ] poorly suited for virtualisation, the interrupt controller on this SoC is compatible with the ARM Generic Interrupt Controller (GIC) architecture 2.0, providing hardware support for interrupt distribution when using ARM virtualisation capabilities.<ref>{{cite web|title=22. Raspberry Pi 4 — Trusted Firmware-A documentation|url=https://trustedfirmware-a.readthedocs.io/en/latest/plat/rpi4.html|website=trustedfirmware-a.readthedocs.io|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Playing with a Raspberry Pi 4 64-bit {{!}} CloudKernels|url=https://blog.cloudkernels.net/posts/rpi4-64bit-virt/|website=blog.cloudkernels.net|date=10 July 2019 |access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref> The ] IV of the previous models has also been replaced with a VideoCore VI running at 500&nbsp;MHz.
The Raspberry Pi does not come with a ],<ref name="faq" /> so an OS must use a ], or ask the user for time information at boot time to get access to time and date for ]. However, a real-time clock (such as the DS1307) with battery backup can be added via the ] interface.


On 20 April 2012 the schematics for the Model-A and Model-B were released by the Raspberry Pi Foundation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1090 |title=schematic design, applicable for both version A and B of the Raspberry Pi revision 1.0 |publisher=Raspberrypi.org |date=19 April 2012 |accessdate=6 May 2012}}</ref> The Raspberry Pi Zero and Zero W use the same Broadcom BCM2835 SoC as the first generation Raspberry Pi, although now running at 1&nbsp;GHz CPU clock speed.<ref name="pi-zero-specs">{{cite web |title=Raspberry Pi Zero |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-zero/ |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>


The Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W uses the RP3A0-AU, which is a ] design. The package contains a Broadcom BCM2710A1 processor, which is a 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 clocked at 1&nbsp;GHz, along with 512&nbsp;MB of ] ] layered above.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raspberry Pi Documentation - Processors |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/processors.html |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=www.raspberrypi.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2021 |title=Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W Product Brief |url=https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/rpizero2/raspberry-pi-zero-2-w-product-brief.pdf |access-date=July 22, 2023 |website=]}}</ref> The Raspberry Pi 3 also uses the BCM2710A1 in its Broadcom BCM2837 SoC, but clocked at a higher 1.2&nbsp;GHz.
Hardware accelerated video (]) encoding became available on 24 August 2012 when it became known that the existing license also covered encoding. Previously it was thought that encoding would be added with the release of the announced camera module.<!--it=Pi+Cam or just separate Cam module?--><ref>, 2012-02-07</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jurczak |first=Paul |url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=43&t=6120 |title=Raspberry Pi camera module |publisher=Raspberrypi.org |date= |accessdate=2012-10-15}}</ref> However, for the time being, there is no stable software support for hardware H.264 encoding.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/3936/what-speed-can-i-expect-from-the-hardware-h264-encoding |title=H.264 Hardware encoding performance}}</ref>


The Raspberry Pi Pico uses the ],<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2022 |title=Pico Product Brief |url=https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/pico/pico-product-brief.pdf |access-date=July 22, 2023 |website=]}}</ref> a ] containing dual ] cores running at 133&nbsp;MHz, 6 banks of ] totalling 264&nbsp;KB, and programmable IO for peripherals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=RP2040 Datasheet |url=https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/rp2040/rp2040-datasheet.pdf |access-date=July 22, 2023 |website=]}}</ref>
At the same time the Raspberry Pi Foundation released two additional codecs that can be bought separately, ] and Microsoft's ]. Also it was announced that the Pi will support ], enabling it to be controlled with the television's remote control.<ref name="rpi-codec">
{{cite web
| title = New video features! MPEG-2 and VC-1 decode, H.264 encode, CEC support
| publisher = Raspberry Pi Foundation
| url = http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1839
| accessdate =26 August 2012
}}</ref>


] processor.]]
On 5 September 2012, a revision 2.0 board was announced, with a number of minor corrections and improvements.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1929 |title=board revision for rev 2.0 |publisher=Raspberrypi.org |date=2012-09-05 |accessdate=2012-10-15}}</ref>
The Raspberry Pi 5 uses the Broadcom BCM2712 SoC, which is a chip designed in collaboration with Raspberry Pi. The SoC features a quad-core ] processor clocked at 2.4&nbsp;GHz, alongside a VideoCore VII GPU clocked at 800&nbsp;MHz. The BCM2712 SoC also features support for ] for the first time on a Raspberry Pi model. Alongside the new processor and graphics unit, the monolithic design of the earlier BCM2711 has been replaced with a ], as the IO functionality has been moved to the Raspberry Pi 5's custom RP1 chip.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2023 |title=Raspberry Pi 5 Product Brief |url=https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/rpi5/raspberry-pi-5-product-brief.pdf |access-date=2 October 2023 |website=Raspberry Pi}}</ref>


==== Performance ====
On 15 October 2012, the Raspberry Pi foundation announced that all new Raspberry Pi model B's would be fitted with 512MB RAM chips instead of 256MB chips <ref name="512MB"/>
While operating at 700&nbsp;MHz by default, the first generation Raspberry Pi provided a real-world performance roughly equivalent to 0.041 ].<ref name=eLinux-perf>{{cite web|title=Performance – measures of the Raspberry Pi's performance.|url=https://elinux.org/RPi_Performance|work=RPi Performance|publisher=eLinux.org|access-date=30 March 2014}}</ref><ref name=hackaday-raspi>{{cite web|last=Benchoff|first=Brian|title=64 Rasberry Pis turned into a supercomputer|date=12 September 2012|url=https://hackaday.com/2012/09/12/64-rasberry-pis-turned-into-a-supercomputer/|publisher=Hackaday|access-date=30 March 2014}}</ref> On the CPU level the performance is similar to a 300&nbsp;MHz ] of 1997–99. The GPU provides 1 ]/s or 1.5 ]/s of graphics processing or 24 GFLOPS of general purpose computing performance. The graphical capabilities of the Raspberry Pi are roughly equivalent to the performance of the ] of 2001.


Raspberry Pi 2 V1.1 included a quad-core ] CPU running at 900&nbsp;MHz and 1&nbsp;GB RAM. It was described as 4–6 times more powerful than its predecessor. The GPU was identical to the original.<ref name="2-B-Announcement" /> In parallelised benchmarks, the Raspberry Pi 2 V1.1 could be up to 14 times faster than a Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+.<ref>{{cite web|title=Raspberry Pi2 – Power and Performance Measurement|url=https://raspi.tv/2015/raspberry-pi2-power-and-performance-measurement|website=RasPi.TV|date=3 February 2015|access-date=6 July 2016}}</ref>
=== Specifications ===

The Raspberry Pi 3, with a quad-core ] processor, is described as having ten times the performance of a Raspberry Pi 1.<ref name="Pi3OnSale">{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/raspberry-pi-3-on-sale/|title=Raspberry Pi 3 on sale now at $35|last=Upton|first=Eben|date=29 February 2016|website=Raspberry Pi|access-date=29 February 2016}}</ref> Benchmarks showed the Raspberry Pi 3 to be approximately 80% faster than the Raspberry Pi 2 in ] tasks.<ref>{{cite news|title=How Much Power Does Raspberry Pi3B Use? How Fast Is It Compared To Pi2B?|url=https://raspi.tv/2016/how-much-power-does-raspberry-pi3b-use-how-fast-is-it-compared-to-pi2b|website=RasPi.TV|date=3 March 2016|publisher=RasPi.TV|access-date=6 July 2016}}</ref>

The Raspberry Pi 4, with a quad-core ] processor, is described as having three times the performance of a Raspberry Pi 3.<ref name="Pi4OnSale"/>

==== Overclocking ====
Most Raspberry Pi ] can be ] to various degrees utilising the built in config.txt file in the boot sector of the Raspberry Pi OS. Overclocking is generally safe and does not automatically void the warranty of the Raspberry Pi; however, setting the "force_turbo" option to 1 bypasses ] and temperature limits and voids the users warranty.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raspberry Pi Documentation - The config.txt file |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/config_txt.html |access-date=2023-07-24 |website=www.raspberrypi.com |language=en}}</ref> In ] the overclocking options on ] can also be made by a software command running "sudo raspi-config" on Raspberry Pi 1, 2, and original 3B without voiding the warranty.<ref name="Turbo mode"/> In those cases the Pi automatically shuts the overclocking down if the chip ] reaches {{convert|85|C|F}}; an appropriately sized ] is needed to protect the chip from ].

Newer versions of the ] contain the option to choose between five overclock ("turbo") presets that, when used, attempt to maximise the performance of the SoC without impairing the lifetime of the board. This is done by monitoring the core temperature of the chip and the ], and dynamically adjusting ] and the ]. When the demand is low on the CPU or it is running too hot, the performance is ], but if the CPU has much to do and the chip's temperature is acceptable, performance is temporarily increased with CPU clock speeds of up to 1.1&nbsp;GHz, depending on the board version and on which of the turbo settings is used.

The overclocking modes are:
{| class="wikitable" {| class="wikitable"
|-
! none
| 700&nbsp;MHz ARM || 250&nbsp;MHz core || 400&nbsp;MHz SDRAM || 0 ]
|-
! modest
| 800&nbsp;MHz ARM || 250&nbsp;MHz core || 400&nbsp;MHz SDRAM || 0 overvolting
|-
! medium
| 900&nbsp;MHz ARM || 250&nbsp;MHz core || 450&nbsp;MHz SDRAM || 2 overvolting
|-
! high
| 950&nbsp;MHz ARM || 250&nbsp;MHz core || 450&nbsp;MHz SDRAM || 6 overvolting
|-
! turbo
| 1000&nbsp;MHz ARM || 500&nbsp;MHz core || 600&nbsp;MHz SDRAM || 6 overvolting
|-
! Pi 2
| 1000&nbsp;MHz ARM || 500&nbsp;MHz core || 500&nbsp;MHz SDRAM || 2 overvolting
|-
! Pi 3
| 1100&nbsp;MHz ARM || 550&nbsp;MHz core || 500&nbsp;MHz SDRAM || 6 overvolting.<br />In system information, the CPU speed is indicated as 1200&nbsp;MHz. When idling, speed lowers to 600&nbsp;MHz.<ref name="Turbo mode">{{cite web |title=Introducing turbo mode: up to 50% more performance for free |date=19 September 2012 | url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/introducing-turbo-mode-up-to-50-more-performance-for-free/ |publisher=Raspberrypi.org |access-date=20 September 2012 |archive-date=12 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412125204/https://www.raspberrypi.org/introducing-turbo-mode-up-to-50-more-performance-for-free/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="turbosgithub">{{cite web|url=https://github.com/asb/raspi-config/blob/master/raspi-config|title=asb/raspi-config on Github| publisher=asb|access-date=11 May 2017}}</ref>
|}

In the highest (''turbo'') mode the SDRAM clock speed was originally 500&nbsp;MHz, but this was later changed to 600&nbsp;MHz because of occasional SD card corruption. Simultaneously, in ''high'' mode the core clock speed was lowered from 450 to 250&nbsp;MHz, and in ''medium'' mode from 333 to 250&nbsp;MHz.

The CPU of the first and second generation Raspberry Pi board did not require cooling with a heat sink or ], even when overclocked, but the Raspberry Pi 3 may generate more heat when overclocked.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/configuration/config-txt/overclocking.md |title=Configuration: Overclocking options |website=raspberrypi.org |access-date=20 July 2022}}</ref>

=== RAM ===
The early designs of the Raspberry Pi Model A and B boards included 256&nbsp;MB of ] (RAM). Of this, the early beta Model B boards allocated 128&nbsp;MB to the GPU by default, leaving only 128&nbsp;MB for the CPU.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/raspberry_pi/comments/oicyr/i_have_a_raspberry_pi_beta_board_ama/c3hj3n0 |title=I have a Raspberry Pi Beta Board AMA |website=reddit.com |date=15 January 2012 |access-date=6 May 2012}}</ref> On the early 256 MB releases of models A and B, three different splits were possible. The default split was 192&nbsp;MB for the CPU, which should be sufficient for standalone 1080p video decoding, or for simple 3D processing. 224&nbsp;MB was for Linux processing only, with only a 1080p ], and was likely to fail for any video or 3D. 128&nbsp;MB was for heavy 3D processing, possibly also with video decoding.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/general-discussion/config-txt/page-3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316062124/https://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/general-discussion/config-txt/page-3|url-status=dead|title=Raspberry Pi boot configuration text file|website=raspberrypi.org|archive-date=16 March 2012}}</ref> In comparison, the ] uses 128 MB for the Broadcom VideoCore IV.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/general-discussion/nokia-701-has-a-similar-broadcom-gpu |title=Nokia 701 has a similar Broadcom GPU |website=raspberrypi.org |date=2 February 2012 |access-date=22 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205011054/https://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/general-discussion/nokia-701-has-a-similar-broadcom-gpu |archive-date=5 February 2012}}</ref>

The later Model B with 512&nbsp;MB RAM, was released on 15 October 2012 and was initially released with new standard memory split files (arm256_start.elf, arm384_start.elf, arm496_start.elf) with 256&nbsp;MB, 384&nbsp;MB, and 496&nbsp;MB CPU RAM, and with 256&nbsp;MB, 128&nbsp;MB, and 16&nbsp;MB video RAM, respectively. But about one week later, the foundation released a new version of start.elf that could read a new entry in config.txt (gpu_mem=''xx'') and could dynamically assign an amount of RAM (from 16 to 256&nbsp;MB in 8&nbsp;MB steps) to the GPU, obsoleting the older method of splitting memory, and a single start.elf worked the same for 256&nbsp;MB and 512&nbsp;MB Raspberry Pis.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/2296|title=introducing new firmware for the 512 MB Pi|date=30 October 2012|access-date=16 September 2014|archive-date=25 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325234920/http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/2296|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Raspberry Pi 2 has 1&nbsp;GB of RAM.

The Raspberry Pi 3 has 1&nbsp;GB of RAM in the B and B+ models, and 512&nbsp;MB of RAM in the A+ model.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-3-model-a-plus/|title=Raspberry Pi 3 A+ specs |website=raspberrypi.org |access-date=15 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/magpi/raspberry-pi-3-specs-benchmarks/ |title=Raspberry Pi 3 specs |website=raspberrypi.org |date=29 February 2016 |access-date=1 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-2-model-b/ |title=Raspberry Pi 2 specs |website=raspberrypi.org |access-date=1 October 2016}}</ref> The Raspberry Pi Zero and Zero W have 512 MB of RAM.

The Raspberry Pi 4 is available with 1, 2, 4 or 8&nbsp;GB of RAM.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-4-model-b/specifications|title=Raspberry Pi 4 specs|website=raspberrypi.org|access-date=25 June 2019}}</ref> A 1 GB model was originally available at launch in June 2019 but was discontinued in March 2020,<ref name="TwoGBMin" /> and the 8 GB model was introduced in May 2020.<ref name="EightGB">{{Cite news|last=Upton|first=Eben|date=28 May 2020|title=8GB Raspberry Pi 4 on sale now at $75|work=Raspberry Pi Blog|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/8gb-raspberry-pi-4-on-sale-now-at-75/|access-date=28 May 2020}}</ref> The 1&nbsp;GB model returned in October 2021.<ref name="1GBReturns" />

The Raspberry Pi 5 is available with 2, 4 or 8 GB of RAM.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Buy a Raspberry Pi 5 |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/ |accessdate=9 November 2024 |website=Raspberrypi.com}}</ref>

=== Networking ===
The Model A, A+ and Pi Zero have no Ethernet circuitry and are commonly connected to a network using an external user-supplied USB Ethernet or ] adapter. On the {{nowrap|Model B and B+}} the Ethernet port is provided by a built-in USB Ethernet adapter using the SMSC LAN9514 chip.<ref name="SMSC-LAN9514-specs"/><!-- Clearly visible on the PCB photos for the 1B+ and 2B --> The Raspberry Pi 3 and Pi Zero W (wireless) are equipped with 2.4&nbsp;GHz WiFi ] {{nowrap|(150 Mbit/s)}} and ] {{nowrap|(24 Mbit/s)}} based on the Broadcom BCM43438 ] chip with no official support for ] (though it was implemented through unofficial firmware patching<ref>{{cite web|url=https://github.com/seemoo-lab/nexmon|title=seemoo-lab/nexmon|website=GitHub|date=2 November 2021}}</ref>) and the Pi 3 also has a 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet port. The Raspberry Pi 3B+ features dual-band ], ], and ] (limited to approximately 300&nbsp;Mbit/s by the ] bus between it and the SoC). The Raspberry Pi 4 has full ] (throughput is not limited as it is not funnelled via the USB chip.)

=== Special-purpose features ===
The RPi Zero, RPi1A, RPi3A+<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?p=1400270#p1400270|title=USB Gadget mode on new 3 A+? – Raspberry Pi Forums|website=www.raspberrypi.org}}</ref> and RPi4 can be used as a USB device or "USB gadget", plugged into another computer via a USB port on another machine. It can be configured in multiple ways, such as functioning as a ] or Ethernet device.<ref name="adafruitgadget">{{cite web|url=https://learn.adafruit.com/turning-your-raspberry-pi-zero-into-a-usb-gadget/overview|title=Turning your Raspberry PI Zero into a USB Gadget|website=Adafruit Learning System}}</ref> Although originally requiring software patches, this was added into the mainline Raspbian distribution in May 2016.<ref name="adafruitgadget"/>

Raspberry Pi models with a newer ] can boot from USB mass storage, such as from a flash drive. Booting from USB mass storage is not available in the original Raspberry Pi models, the Raspberry Pi Zero, the Raspberry Pi Pico, the Raspberry Pi 2 A models, and the Raspberry Pi 2 B models with versions lower than 1.2.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/bootmodes/msd.md|title=USB mass storage device boot – Raspberry Pi Documentation|website=raspberrypi.org}}</ref>

=== Peripherals ===
]
Although often pre-configured to operate as a ], the Raspberry Pi may also optionally be operated with any generic ] and ].<ref name="VerifiedPeripheralList"/> It may also be used with USB storage, USB to MIDI converters, and virtually any other device/component with USB capabilities, depending on the installed device drivers in the underlying operating system (many of which are included by default).

Other peripherals can be attached through the various pins and connectors on the surface of the Raspberry Pi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/usage/gpio/README.md|title=GPIO – Raspberry Pi Documentation|website=raspberrypi.org|access-date=2 June 2019}}</ref>

=== Video ===
]
The video controller can generate standard modern TV resolutions, such as HD and ], and higher or lower monitor resolutions as well as older NTSC or PAL standard ] TV resolutions. As shipped (i.e., without custom overclocking) it can support the following resolutions: 640×350 ]; 640×480 ]; 800×600 ]; 1024×768 ]; 1280×720 ] ]; 1280×768 ] variant; 1280×800 ] variant; 1280×1024 ]; 1366×768 ] variant; 1400×1050 ]; 1600×1200 ]; 1680×1050 ]; 1920×1080 ] ]; 1920×1200 ].<ref name="video">{{cite web|url=https://elinux.org/RPi_config.txt |title=Raspberry Pi, supported video resolutions |publisher=eLinux.org |date=30 November 2012 |access-date=11 December 2012}}</ref>

Higher resolutions, up to 2048×1152, may work<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.riscosopen.org/forum/forums/5/topics/2144 |title=Pi Screen limited to 1920 by RISC OS:- |work=RISC OS Open |quote=2048 × 1152 monitor is the highest resolution the Pi's GPU can handle The monitors screen info confirms the GPU is outputting 2048×1152 |access-date=6 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.riscosopen.org/forum/forums/5/topics/2653|title=RISC OS Open: Forum: Latest Pi firmware?|website=riscosopen.org}}</ref> or even 3840×2160 at 15&nbsp;Hz (too low a frame rate for convincing video).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=38&t=79330 |title=Raspberry Pi and 4k @ 15Hz |quote=I have managed to get 3840 x 2160 (4k x 2k) at 15Hz on a Seiki E50UY04 working |access-date=6 January 2016}}</ref> Allowing the highest resolutions does not imply that the GPU can decode video formats at these resolutions; in fact, the Raspberry Pis are known to not work reliably for ] (at those high resolutions),<ref>{{cite web |last1=Aufranc |first1=Jean-Luc |title=Raspberry Pi 4 Benchmarks & Mini Review |url=https://www.cnx-software.com/2019/06/24/raspberry-pi-4-benchmarks-mini-review/#4k-video-playback-and-output |website=www.cnx-software.com |date=24 June 2019 |access-date=2 January 2021}}</ref> commonly used for very high resolutions (however, most common formats up to Full HD do work).

Although the Raspberry Pi 3 does not have H.265 decoding hardware, the CPU is more powerful than its predecessors, potentially fast enough to allow the decoding of H.265-encoded videos in software.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://osmc.tv/2016/02/raspberry-pi-3-announced-with-osmc-support/ |title=Raspberry Pi 3 announced with OSMC support |date=28 February 2016}}</ref> The GPU in the Raspberry Pi 3 runs at higher clock frequencies of 300&nbsp;MHz or 400&nbsp;MHz, compared to previous versions which ran at 250&nbsp;MHz.<ref>{{Dead link|date=June 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

The Raspberry Pis can also generate ] and ] ] signals, as used on old-style (CRT) TV screens and less-expensive monitors through standard connectors{{snd}}either RCA or 3.5&nbsp;mm phono connector depending on model. The television signal standards supported are ], ], ], ] and ].<ref name="composite">{{cite web |last=Ozolins |first=Jason |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/general-discussion/pictures-of-screen-displaying-example-of-rpi-composite-output?value=480i&type=1&include=2&search=1 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130113113342/https://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/general-discussion/pictures-of-screen-displaying-example-of-rpi-composite-output?value=480i&type=1&include=2&search=1 |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 January 2013 |title=examples of Raspberry Pi composite output |publisher=Raspberrypi.org |access-date=22 June 2012 }}</ref>

=== Real-time clock ===
When booting, the time defaults to being set over the network using the ] (NTP). The source of time information can be another computer on the local network that ''does'' have a real-time clock, or to a ] on the internet. If no network connection is available, the time may be set manually or configured to assume that no time passed during the shutdown. In the latter case, the time is ] (files saved later in time always have later timestamps) but may be considerably earlier than the actual time. For systems that require a built-in real-time clock, a number of small, low-cost add-on boards with real-time clocks are available.<ref name="Raspberry Pi Geek Magazine July 2014">{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberry-pi-geek.com/Archive/2014/07/Connecting-your-Raspberry-Pi-with-a-real-time-clock |title=Keeping Time |last=Shovic |first=John |date=July 2014 |website=Raspberry Pi Geek Magazine |access-date=30 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="Raspberry Pi Geek Magazine August 2014">{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberry-pi-geek.com/Archive/2014/08/Comparison-of-four-real-time-clocks |title=In Time |last=Shovic |first=John |date=August 2014 |website=Raspberry Pi Geek Magazine |access-date=30 July 2020}}</ref> The Raspberry Pi 5 is the first to include a real-time clock.<ref name=":7" /> If an external battery is not plugged in, the Pi 5 will use the ], or will need to be set manually, as was the case in previous models.

The RP2040 microcontroller has a built-in ], but it can not be set without some form of user entry or network facility being added.

== Connectors ==
<div style="max-width:100%; overflow:auto;">
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}

=== Pi Pico ===
<gallery widths="310px" heights="210px">
File:RaspberryPi Pico.svg|Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi Pico
</gallery>

=== Pi Compute Module ===
<gallery widths="310px" heights="210px">
File:RaspberryPi Compute Module 4 lite.svg|Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 Lite
</gallery>

{{col-break}}

=== Pi Zero ===
<gallery widths="310px" heights="210px">
File:Raspberry Pi Zero - Location of connectors and ICs.svg | Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W
</gallery>

=== Model A ===
<gallery widths="310px" heights="210px">
File:Raspberry_Pi_1A.svg | Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 1 Model A
File:Drawing of Raspberry Pi model A+ rev1.1.svg | Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 1 Model A+ revision 1.1
</gallery>

{{col-break}}

=== Model B ===
<gallery widths="310px" heights="210px">
File:Drawing of Raspberry Pi model B rev2.svg | Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 1 Model B revision 1.2
File:Raspberry Pi B+ rev 1.2.svg | Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+ revision 1.2 and Raspberry Pi 2
File:RaspberryPi_3B.svg | Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 3
File:RaspberryPi_3B%2B.svg | Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 3+
File:RaspberryPi Model 4B.svg | Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 4
File:RaspberryPi_5B 28-08-2024.svg | Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 5
</gallery>

{{col-end}}
</div>

=== J8 header and general purpose input-output (GPIO) ===
Raspberry Pi 1 Models A+ and B+, Pi 2 Model B, Pi 3 Models A+, B and B+, Pi 4, and Pi Zero, Zero W, Zero WH and Zero W 2 have the same 40-pin pinout (] J8 across all models).<ref>{{cite web |title=Raspberry Pi B+ (Reduced Schematics) 1.2|first=James|last=Adams|date=28 July 2014|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/schematics/Raspberry-Pi-B-Plus-V1.2-Schematics.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729181059/https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/schematics/Raspberry-Pi-B-Plus-V1.2-Schematics.pdf |archive-date=29 July 2014}}</ref> Raspberry Pi 1 Models A and B have only the first 26 pins.<ref>{{cite web |title=Raspberry Pi Rev 1.0 Model AB schematics|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/schematics/Raspberry-Pi-Rev-1.0-Model-AB-Schematics.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825202435/https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/schematics/Raspberry-Pi-Rev-1.0-Model-AB-Schematics.pdf|archive-date=25 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/schematics/Raspberry-Pi-Rev-2.0-Model-AB-Schematics.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825202711/https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/schematics/Raspberry-Pi-Rev-2.0-Model-AB-Schematics.pdf|title=Raspberry Pi Rev 2.0 Model AB schematics |archive-date=25 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/schematics/Raspberry-Pi-Rev-2.1-Model-AB-Schematics.pdf|title=Raspberry Pi Rev 2.1 Model AB schematics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825202811/https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/schematics/Raspberry-Pi-Rev-2.1-Model-AB-Schematics.pdf |archive-date=25 August 2014}}</ref> The J8 header is commonly referred to as the GPIO connector as a whole, even though only a subset of the pins are GPIO pins. In the Pi Zero and Zero W, the 40 GPIO pins are unpopulated, having the through-holes exposed for soldering instead. The Zero WH (Wireless + Header) has the header pins preinstalled.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! GPIO#
! func.
! Pin#
! !
! Model A ! Pin#
! Model B ! func.
! GPIO#
|- |-
|
! Target price:<ref name="faq" />
| US$ 25 | +3.3 V
| style="background:orange"| 1
| US$ 35<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/9112841/Mini-Raspberry-Pi-computer-goes-on-sale-for-22.html | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | first=Donna | last=Bowater | title=Mini Raspberry Pi computer goes on sale for £22 | date=29 February 2012}}</ref>
|rowspan=13|
| style="background:red"| 2
| +5 V
|
|- |-
| 2
! ]:<ref name="faq" />
| SDA1 (])
| colspan="2" | ] BCM2835 (], ], ], ], and single ] port)<ref name="Broadcom-BCM2835-Website">{{cite web|url=http://www.broadcom.com/products/BCM2835 |title=BCM2835 Media Processor; Broadcom |publisher=Broadcom.com |date=1 September 2011 |accessdate=6 May 2012}}</ref>
| style="background:cyan"| 3
| style="background:red"| 4
| +5 V
|
|- |-
| 3
! ]:
| SCL1 (I<sup>2</sup>C)
| colspan="2" | 700&nbsp;MHz ARM1176JZF-S core (] family)<ref name="Broadcom-BCM2835-Website"/>
| style="background:cyan"| 5
| style="background:black; color:white"| 6
| ]
|
|- |-
| 4
! ]:
| ]
| colspan="2" | Broadcom ] IV<ref name="hq-qa">
| style="background:green"| 7
{{cite web
| style="background:#00FF80"| 8
| title = Q&A with our hardware team
| TXD0 (])
| publisher = Raspberry Pi Foundation
| 14
| url = http://www.raspberrypi.org/2011/09/qa-with-our-hardware-team/
| accessdate =20 September 2011
}}</ref><br>] 2.0 (24 G])<br>] and ] (with license<ref name="rpi-codec" />), ]30 ] high-profile decoder and encoder<ref name="Broadcom-BCM2835-Website"/>
|- |-
|
! Memory (SDRAM):
| GND
|256 MB (shared with GPU)
| style="background:black; color:white"| 9
|512 MB (shared with GPU) as of 15 October 2012
| style="background:#00FF80"| 10
| RXD0 (UART)
| 15
|- |-
| 17
! USB 2.0 ports:<ref name="VerifiedPeripheralList">{{cite web|url=http://elinux.org/RaspberryPiBoardVerifiedPeripherals |title=Verified USB Peripherals and SDHC Cards; |publisher=Elinux.org |accessdate=6 May 2012}}</ref>
| GEN0
| 1 (direct from BCM2835 chip)
| style="background:green"| 11
| 2 (via the built in integrated 3-port USB hub)<ref name="SMSC-LAN9512-Website">{{cite web|url=http://www.smsc.com/index.php?tid=300&pid=135 |title=SMSC LAN9512 Website; |publisher=Smsc.com |accessdate=6 May 2012}}</ref>
| style="background:green"| 12
| GEN1
| 18
|- |-
| 27
! Video input:
| GEN2
| colspan="2" |A ] input connector allows for the connection of a RPF designed ] <ref name ="camera "> {{cite web|url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/3890 |title=Camera board available for sale; |publisher=Raspberrypi.org.org |accessdate=6 May 2012}}</ref>
| style="background:green"| 13
| style="background:black; color:white"| 14
| GND
|
|- |-
| 22
! Video outputs:<ref name="faq" />
| GEN3
| colspan="2" | ] (PAL and NTSC), ] (rev 1.3 & 1.4),<ref name=quickguide>{{cite web|url=http://elinux.org/RPi_Hardware_Basic_Setup |title=Embedded Linux Wiki: Hardware Basic Setup |publisher=Elinux.org |accessdate=25 May 2013}}</ref> raw ] Panels via ]<ref name="DSI">{{cite web|url=http://elinux.org/Rpi_Screens |title=Raspberry Pi Wiki, section screens |publisher=Elinux.org |accessdate=6 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://elinux.org/File:Raspi-Model-AB-Mono-2-699x1024.png |title=diagram of Raspberry Pi with DSI LCD connector |publisher=Elinux.org |accessdate=6 May 2012}}</ref>
| style="background:green"| 15
14 HDMI resolutions from 640×350 to 1920×1200 plus various ] and ] standards.<ref name="video">{{cite web|url=http://elinux.org/RPi_config.txt |title=Raspberry Pi, supported video resolutions |publisher=eLinux.org |date=30 November 2012 |accessdate=11 December 2012}}</ref>
| style="background:green"| 16
| GEN4
| 23
|- |-
|
! Audio outputs:<ref name="faq" />
| +3.3 V
| colspan="2" | ], HDMI, and, as of revision 2 boards, ] audio <ref></ref> (also potentially for audio input)
| style="background:orange"| 17
| style="background:green"| 18
| GEN5
| 24
|- |-
| 10
! Onboard storage:<ref name="VerifiedPeripheralList"/>
| MOSI (])
| colspan="2" | ] / ] / SDIO card slot (3,3V card power support only)
| style="background:#f0f;"| 19
| style="background:black; color:white"| 20
| GND
|
|- |-
| 9
! Onboard network:<ref name="faq" /><ref name="VerifiedPeripheralList"/>
| MISO (SPI)
| style="background:#f0f;"| 21
| style="background:green"| 22
| GEN6
| 25
|-
| 11
| SCLK (SPI)
| style="background:#f0f;"| 23
| style="background:#f0f;"| 24
| ] (SPI)
| 8
|-
|
| GND
| style="background:black; color:white"| 25
| style="background:#f0f;"| 26
| CE1_N (SPI)
| 7
|-
| 0
| ID_SD (I<sup>2</sup>C)
| style="background:yellow"| 27
|rowspan=7|
| style="background:yellow"| 28
| ID_SC (I<sup>2</sup>C)
| 1
|-
| 5
| N/A
| style="background:green"| 29
| style="background:black; color:white"| 30
| GND
|
|-
| 6
| N/A
| style="background:green"| 31
| style="background:green"| 32
| N/A
| 12
|-
| 13
| N/A
| style="background:green"| 33
| style="background:black; color:white"| 34
| GND
|
|-
| 19
| N/A
| style="background:green"| 35
| style="background:green"| 36
| N/A
| 16
|-
| 26
| N/A
| style="background:green"| 37
| style="background:green"| 38
| Digital IN
| 20
|-
|
| GND
| style="background:black; color:white"| 39
| style="background:green"| 40
| Digital OUT
| 21
|}

Model B rev. 2 also has a pad (called P5 on the board and P6 on the schematics) of 8 pins offering access to an additional 4 GPIO connections.<ref>{{cite web |title=Raspberry Pi Rev 1.0 Model AB schematics|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/schematics/Raspberry-Pi-Rev-2.1-Model-AB-Schematics.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825202811/https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/schematics/Raspberry-Pi-Rev-2.1-Model-AB-Schematics.pdf |archive-date=25 August 2014}}</ref> These GPIO pins were freed when the four board version identification links present in revision 1.0 were removed.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Eben |last1=Upton |title=Upcoming board revision |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/upcoming-board-revision/ |access-date=2 June 2019 |date=5 September 2012}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! GPIO#
! func.
! Pin#
!
! Pin#
! func.
! GPIO#
|-
|
| +5 V
| style="background:red"| 1
|rowspan=4|
| style="background:orange"| 2
| +3.3 V
|
|-
| 28
| GPIO_GEN7
| style="background:green"| 3
| style="background:green"| 4
| GPIO_GEN8
| 29
|-
| 30
| GPIO_GEN9
| style="background:green"| 5
| style="background:green"| 6
| GPIO_GEN10
| 31
|-
|
| GND
| style="background:black; color:white"| 7
| style="background:black; color:white"| 8
| GND
|
|}

Models A and B provide GPIO access to the ACT status LED using GPIO 16. Models A+ and B+ provide GPIO access to the ACT status LED using GPIO 47, and the power status LED using GPIO 35.

==Specifications==
<div style="max-width:100%; overflow:auto;">
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align: center;" <!-- This table should be as short and simple as possible -->
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row" | Version
! colspan="3" | Pico
! colspan="3" scope="col" | Model A (no Ethernet)
! colspan="8" scope="col" | Model B (with Ethernet)
! colspan="7" scope="col" | Compute Module{{efn|group="specs"|name="CM IF"}}
! colspan="4" scope="col" | Zero
! scope="col" | Keyboard
|-
! scope="col" | Raspberry Pi Pico
! scope="col" | Raspberry Pi Pico W
! scope="col" | Raspberry Pi Pico 2
! scope="col" | RPi 1 Model A
! scope="col" | RPi 1 Model A+
! scope="col" | RPi 3 Model A+
! scope="col" | RPi 1 Model B
! scope="col" | RPi 1 Model B+
! scope="col" | RPi 2 Model B
! scope="col" | RPi 2 Model B v1.2
! scope="col" | RPi 3 Model B/A
! scope="col" | RPi 3 Model B+
! scope="col" | RPi 4 Model B
! scope="col" | RPi 5
! scope="col" | Compute Module 1
! scope="col" | Compute Module 3
! scope="col" | Compute Module 3 Lite
! scope="col" | Compute Module 3+
! scope="col" | Compute Module 3+ Lite
! scope="col" | Compute Module 4
! scope="col" | Compute Module 4 Lite
! scope="col" | RPi Zero PCB v1.2
! scope="col" | RPi Zero PCB v1.3
! scope="col" | RPi Zero W
! scope="col" | RPi Zero 2 W
! scope="col" | RPi 400
|-
! scope="row" | Release date
| Jan 2021{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| Jun 2022{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| Late 2024{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| Feb 2013{{wbr}}<ref name="A-Announcement">{{cite web| url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/model-a-now-for-sale-in-europe-buy-one-today/ |title=Model A now for sale in Europe – buy one today! |date=4 February 2013 |publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation |access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref>
| Nov 2014{{wbr}}<ref name="A-Plus-Announcement">{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/#raspberry-pi-model-a-plus-on-sale |title=RASPBERRY PI MODEL A+ ON SALE NOW AT $20 |date=10 November 2014 |publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation |access-date=10 November 2014 |archive-date=10 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110233834/https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/#raspberry-pi-model-a-plus-on-sale/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| Nov 2018
| Apr–Jun 2012
| Jul 2014{{wbr}}<ref name="B-Plus-Announcement">{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/introducing-raspberry-pi-model-b-plus/ |title=Introducing Raspberry Pi Model B+ |date=14 July 2014 |publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation |access-date=14 July 2014 |archive-date=14 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714173900/http://www.raspberrypi.org/introducing-raspberry-pi-model-b-plus/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| Feb 2015{{wbr}}<ref name="2-B-Announcement" />
| Oct 2016{{wbr}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.farnell.com/datasheets/2163186.pdf?_ga=1.9528053.1789915275.1482632652|format=PDF|title=Raspberry Pi2 Model B v1.2|website=Farnell.com|access-date=2 March 2022}}</ref>
| Feb 2016{{wbr}}<ref name="Pi3OnSale" />
| Mar 2018{{wbr}}<ref name="RapsberryPi3B+Release" />
| Jun 2019{{wbr}}<ref name="ars4" /><br />May 2020 <small>(8&nbsp;GB)</small><ref name="EightGB" />
|Oct 2023<br />(4GB & 8GB)<br />Aug 2024<br />(2GB)<ref name="Pi52GB" />
| Apr 2014{{wbr}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2014/04/raspberry-pi-gets-more-arduino-y-with-new-open-source-modular-hardware/|title=Raspberry Pi gets more Arduino-y with new open source modular hardware|work=Ars Technica|access-date=19 Jun 2018}}</ref><ref name="cm3">{{cite web|last1=Brodkin|first1=Jon|title=Raspberry Pi upgrades Compute Module with 10 times the CPU performance|url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/01/raspberry-pi-upgrades-compute-module-with-10-times-the-cpu-performance/|access-date=16 January 2017|website=Ars Technica|date=16 January 2017}}</ref>
| colspan="2" | Jan 2017{{wbr}}<ref name="Compute3" />
| colspan="2" | Jan 2019{{wbr}}<ref name="CM3+-Announcement">{{cite web |last1=Adams |first1=James |title=Compute Module 3+ on sale now from $25 |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/compute-module-3-on-sale-now-from-25/ |website=raspberrypi.org |date=28 January 2019 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref>
| colspan="2"| Oct 2020
| Nov 2015{{wbr}}<ref name="Zero-Announcement">{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/raspberry-pi-zero/|title=Raspberry Pi Zero: the $5 Computer|date=26 November 2015|publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation|access-date=26 November 2015}}</ref>
| May 2016
| Feb 2017
| Oct 2021{{wbr}}<ref name="PiZero2WAnnouncement"/>
| Nov 2020
|-
! scope="row" | Target price (USD)
| $4{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| $6{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| $5{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| $25<ref name="A-Announcement" />
| $20<ref name="A-Plus-Announcement" />
| $25{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| $35<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/9112841/Mini-Raspberry-Pi-computer-goes-on-sale-for-22.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/9112841/Mini-Raspberry-Pi-computer-goes-on-sale-for-22.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |location=London |work=The Daily Telegraph |first=Donna |last=Bowater |title=Mini Raspberry Pi computer goes on sale for £22 |date=29 February 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
| $25<ref>{{cite web |url =https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/price-cut-raspberry-pi-model-b-now-only-25/|title=Price Cut! Raspberry Pi Model B+ Now Only $25|date=14 May 2015|first=Eben|last=Upton}}</ref>
| colspan="4" | $35
| $35/55/75{{wbr}}<ref name="ars4" /><ref name="TwoGBMin" /><ref name="EightGB" />
|$50 (2&nbsp;GB)<ref name="Pi52GB">https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/2gb-raspberry-pi-5-on-sale-now-at-50/</ref><br />$60 (4&nbsp;GB)<br />$80 (8&nbsp;GB)<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Avram Piltch |date=2023-10-23 |title=Where to Buy a Raspberry Pi 5 in the U.S or UK |url=https://www.tomshardware.com/news/where-to-buy-raspberry-pi-5 |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=Tom's Hardware |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":7" />
| $30 (in batches of 100)<ref name="CM-Announcement">{{cite web | url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/raspberry-pi-compute-module-new-product/ | title=Raspberry Pi Compute Module: New Product! | publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation | access-date=22 September 2014 | archive-date=21 September 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140921063749/http://www.raspberrypi.org/raspberry-pi-compute-module-new-product/ | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| $30{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| $25{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| $30/35/40{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| $25{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| $30–$90 (in $5 increments){{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| $25–$75 (in $5 increments){{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| colspan="2" | $5<ref name="Zero-Announcement" />
| $10{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| $15{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| $70{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
|-
! scope="row" | ]
| colspan="2" | Armv6-M{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| ARMv8-M and/or ]{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| colspan="2" | ]Z (32-bit){{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| ]-A (64/32-bit){{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| colspan="2" |]Z (32-bit){{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| ]-A (32-bit){{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| colspan="4" | ]-A (64/32-bit){{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
|]-A (64/32-bit){{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| ]Z (32-bit){{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| colspan="4" | ]-A (64/32-bit)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cortex-A53 |url=https://developer.arm.com/Processors/Cortex-A53 |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=developer.arm.com}}</ref>
| colspan="2" |]-A (64/32-bit){{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| colspan="3" | ]Z (32-bit){{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| ]-A (64/32-bit){{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| ]-A (64/32-bit){{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
|-
! Fabrication node
| colspan="2" | 40&nbsp;nm<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raspberry Pi Documentation - RP2040 |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/microcontrollers/rp2040.html |access-date=2023-09-28 |website=www.raspberrypi.com |language=en}}</ref>
| 40&nbsp;nm{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| colspan="2" | 40&nbsp;nm<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Broadcom 2835 SoC - Raspberry Pi Forums |url=https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?t=67462#p493138 |access-date=2023-09-28 |website=forums.raspberrypi.com}}</ref>
| 40&nbsp;nm<ref name=":4" />
| colspan="2" | 40&nbsp;nm<ref name=":3" />
| 40&nbsp;nm<ref>{{Cite web |title=Are the 2836 and the 2837 made in different nm? - Raspberry Pi Forums |url=https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?t=158071#p1028290 |access-date=2023-09-28 |website=forums.raspberrypi.com}}</ref>
| colspan="3" | 40&nbsp;nm<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=BCM2837 datasheet? - Raspberry Pi Forums |url=https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?t=137991#p955306 |access-date=2023-09-28 |website=forums.raspberrypi.com}}</ref>
| 28&nbsp;nm<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Upton |first=Eben |date=2023-09-28 |title=Introducing: Raspberry Pi 5! |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/introducing-raspberry-pi-5/ |access-date=2023-09-28 |website=Raspberry Pi |language=en-GB}}</ref>
| 16&nbsp;nm<ref name=":2" />
| 40&nbsp;nm<ref name=":3" />
| colspan="4" | 40&nbsp;nm<ref name=":4" />
| colspan="2" | 28&nbsp;nm<ref name=":2" />
| colspan="3" | 40&nbsp;nm<ref name=":3" />
|
|28 nm<ref name=":2" />
|-
! scope="row" | ]
| colspan="2" | RP2040
| RP2350A
| colspan="2" | ] BCM2835<ref name="Broadcom-BCM2835-Website">{{cite web|title=BCM2835 Media Processor; Broadcom |publisher=Broadcom.com |date=1 September 2011 |url=https://www.broadcom.com/products/BCM2835 |access-date=6 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513032855/https://www.broadcom.com/products/BCM2835}}</ref>
| ] BCM2837B0{{wbr}}<ref name="RapsberryPi3B+Release" />
| colspan="2" | ] BCM2835<ref name="Broadcom-BCM2835-Website" />
| ] BCM2836
| colspan="2" | ] BCM2837
| ] BCM2837B0{{wbr}}<ref name="RapsberryPi3B+Release" />
| ] BCM2711{{wbr}}<ref name="ars4" />
| ] BCM2712{{wbr}}<ref name="RPi5_Specs">{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/ | title="Buy a Raspberry 5 - Specifications" | website=raspberrypi.com |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240904191804/https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/ | archive-date=2024-09-04 }}</ref>
| ] BCM2835
| colspan="2" | ] BCM2837
| colspan="2" | ] BCM2837B0
| colspan="2" | ] BCM2711
| colspan="3" | ] BCM2835
| ] BCM2710A1
| ] BCM2711C0
|-
! scope="row" | ]
| colspan="2" | Software emulation
| FPv5
| colspan="2" | VFPv2
| VFPv4 + NEON
| colspan="2" | VFPv2
| colspan="5" | VFPv4 + NEON
|
| VFPv2
| colspan="6" | VFPv4 + NEON
| colspan="3" | VFPv2
| VFPv4 + NEON
| VFPv4 + NEON
|-
! scope="row" | ]
| colspan="2" | 2× Arm Cortex-M0+
| 2× of either ] or Hazard3 (selectable at boot)
| colspan="2" | 1× ]76JZF-S 700&nbsp;MHz
| 4× ] 1.4&nbsp;GHz
| colspan="2" | 1× ]76JZF-S 700&nbsp;MHz
| 4× ] 900&nbsp;MHz
| 4× ] 900&nbsp;MHz
| 4× ] 1.2&nbsp;GHz
| 4× ] 1.4&nbsp;GHz
| 4× ] 1.5&nbsp;GHz or 1.8&nbsp;GHz<ref name="1.8Ghz" />
| 4× ] 2.4&nbsp;GHz<ref name="RPi5_Specs"/>
| 1× ]76JZF-S 700&nbsp;MHz
| colspan="4" | 4× ] 1.2&nbsp;GHz
| colspan="2" | 4× ] 1.5&nbsp;GHz
| colspan="3" | 1× ]76JZF-S 1&nbsp;GHz
| 4× ] 1&nbsp;GHz
| 4× ] 1.8&nbsp;GHz
|-
! scope="row" | ]
| colspan="3" | None
| colspan="8" | Broadcom ] IV @ 250&nbsp;MHz{{efn|group="specs"|name="GPU"}}
| Broadcom VideoCore IV @ 400&nbsp;MHz (Core) / 300&nbsp;MHz (V3D)
| Broadcom VideoCore VI @ 500&nbsp;MHz<ref name="raspberrypi.org">{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/magpi/raspberry-pi-4-specs-benchmarks/|title=Raspberry Pi 4 specs and benchmarks|date=24 June 2019|website=The MagPi Magazine|access-date=24 June 2019}}</ref>
| ] ] VII @ 800&nbsp;MHz<ref name="RPi5_Specs"/>
| colspan="5" | Broadcom VideoCore IV @ 250&nbsp;MHz{{efn|group="specs"|name="GPU"}}
| colspan="2" | Broadcom VideoCore VI @ 500&nbsp;MHz<ref name="raspberrypi.org" />
| colspan="4" | Broadcom VideoCore IV @ 400&nbsp;MHz (Core) / 300&nbsp;MHz (V3D)
| Broadcom VideoCore VI @ 500&nbsp;MHz
|-
! scope="row" | Memory (SDRAM)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/revision-codes/README.md|title=Raspberry Pi revision codes|date=28 May 2020|website=Raspberry Pi Documentation|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref>
| colspan="2" | 264&nbsp;KiB
| 520&nbsp;KiB
| 256 MiB{{efn|group="specs"|name="shared"}}
| 256 or 512 MiB{{efn|group="specs"|name="shared"}}<br />Changed to 512&nbsp;MB on 10 August 2016<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adafruit.com/product/2266|title=Raspberry Pi Modal A+ 512MB RAM|date=10 August 2016|website=Adafruit|access-date=31 May 2020}}</ref>
| 512 MiB{{efn|group="specs"|name="shared"}}
| 256 or 512 MiB{{efn|group="specs"|name="shared"}}<br />Changed to 512&nbsp;MB on 15 October 2012<ref name="ReferenceA" />
| 512 MiB{{efn|group="specs"|name="shared"}}
| colspan="4" | 1 GiB{{efn|group="specs"|name="shared"}}
| 1, 2, 4 or 8 GiB{{efn|group="specs"|name="shared"}}
| 2, 4 or 8 GiB
| 512 MB{{efn|group="specs"|name="shared"}}
| colspan="4" | 1 GiB{{efn|group="specs"|name="shared"}}
| colspan="2" | 1, 2, 4 or 8 GiB{{efn|group="specs"|name="shared"}}
| colspan="4" | 512 MiB{{efn|group="specs"|name="shared"}}
| 4 GiB
|-
! scope="row" | USB 2.0 ports<ref name="VerifiedPeripheralList">{{cite web|url=https://elinux.org/RaspberryPiBoardVerifiedPeripherals |title=Verified USB Peripherals and SDHC Cards; |publisher=Elinux.org |access-date=6 May 2012}}</ref>
| colspan="3" rowspan="10" | None
| colspan="2" | 1{{efn|group="specs"|name="2835USB"}}
| 1{{efn|group="specs"|name="2837USB"}}
| 2{{efn|group="specs"|name="RPi1B_USB"}}<ref name="SMSC-LAN9512-Website">{{cite web |url=https://www.smsc.com/index.php?tid=300&pid=135 |title=SMSC LAN9512 Website; |publisher=Smsc.com |access-date=6 May 2012 |archive-date=10 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510001446/https://www.smsc.com/index.php?tid=300&pid=135 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| colspan="5" | 4{{efn|group="specs"|name="4 USB"}}<ref name="SMSC-LAN9514-specs">{{cite web |url=https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/9514.pdf |title=Microchip/SMSC LAN9514 data sheet; |publisher=Microchip |access-date=15 July 2014 |archive-date=12 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012180152/http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/9514.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="B-Plus-Announcement" />
| colspan="2" | 2<ref name="ars4">{{cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2019/06/faster-raspberry-pi-4-promises-desktop-class-performance/|title=The Raspberry Pi 4 brings faster CPU, up to 4 GB of RAM|last=Amadeo|first=Ron|date=24 June 2019|website=Ars Technica|access-date=24 June 2019}}</ref><ref name=":2" />
| 1{{efn|group="specs"|name="2835USB"}}{{efn|group="specs"|name="CM IF"}}
| colspan="2" | 1{{efn|group="specs"|name="2835USB"}}{{efn|group="specs"|name="CM IF"}}
| colspan="2" | 1{{efn|group="specs"|name="2837USB"}}{{efn|group="specs"|name="CM IF"}}
| colspan="2" | 1
| colspan="4" | 1 Micro-USB{{efn|group="specs"|name="2835USB"}}
| 1
|-
! scope="row" | USB 3.0 ports
| colspan="9" | 0
| colspan="2" | 2<ref name="ars4" /><ref name=":2" />
| colspan="11" | 0
|2
|-
! scope="row" | USB OTG ports
| colspan="9" | 0
| 1 (Power {{nowrap|USB-C}}){{wbr}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=243966|title=Very simple OTG on pi4 – Raspberry Pi Forums|website=www.raspberrypi.org}}</ref>
|
| colspan="5" | 0
| colspan="2" | ?
| colspan="4" | 1 Micro-USB{{efn|group="specs"|name="2835USB"}}
| 0
|-
! scope="row" | PCIe interface
| colspan="10" | 0
|] Gen 2 x1
| colspan="5" |0
| colspan="2" | PCIe Gen 2 x1
| colspan="4" | 0
| 0
|-
! scope="row" | Video input
| colspan="10" | 15-pin ] ] (]) connector, used with the Raspberry Pi camera or Raspberry Pi NoIR camera<ref>{{cite web|url=https://elinux.org/File:Raspi-Model-AB-Mono-2-699x1024.png |title=diagram of Raspberry Pi with CSI camera connector |publisher=Elinux.org |date=2 March 2012 |access-date=22 June 2012}}</ref>
| 2× 22-pin mini-MIPI display/camera interface (DSI/CSI)<ref name="rpi5-doc">{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/raspberry-pi-5.html|title=Raspberry Pi Documentation - Raspberry Pi 5|publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation|access-date=3 February 2024}}</ref>
| colspan="5" | 2× MIPI camera interface (CSI){{efn|group="specs"|name="CM IF"}}<ref name="CM-Announcement" /><ref name="CM-Schematic">{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/computemodule/RPI-CM-V1_1-SCHEMATIC.pdf|title=Raspberry Pi Compute Module electrical schematic diagram|author=Adams, James|date=3 April 2014|publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530033626/https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/computemodule/RPI-CM-V1_1-SCHEMATIC.pdf|archive-date=30 May 2014|access-date=22 September 2014}}</ref><ref name="CM-IO-Board-Schematic">{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/computemodule/RPI-CMIO-V1_2-SCHEMATIC.pdf |title=Raspberry Pi Compute Module IO Board electrical schematic diagram |publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation |date=3 April 2014 |access-date=22 September 2014 |author=Adams, James|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530033631/https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/computemodule/RPI-CMIO-V1_2-SCHEMATIC.pdf|archive-date=30 May 2014}}</ref>
| colspan="2" |2-lane MIPI CSI camera interface, 4-lane MIPI CSI camera interface
| None
| colspan="3" | MIPI camera interface (CSI)<ref name="zero-camera">{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/zero-grows-camera-connector/|title=zero grows camera connector|date=16 May 2016|publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation|access-date=17 May 2016|author=Upton, Eben}}</ref>
| None | None
| 10/100 ] (]) USB adapter on the third port of the USB hub<ref name="SMSC-LAN9512-Website"/>
|- |-
! scope="row" | ]
! Low-level peripherals:
| colspan="9" | 1× ] (rev 1.3)
| colspan="2" | 8 × ],<ref>More GPIO's can be used if you do not use the low level peripherals</ref> ], ] bus, ] bus with two ]s, ] audio<ref>Since the release of the revision 2 model</ref> +3.3&nbsp;V, +5&nbsp;V, ground<ref name="hq-qa" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals |title=Raspberry Pi GPIO Connector; |publisher=Elinux.org |accessdate=6 May 2012}}</ref><br/>
| 2× ] (rev 2.0) via Micro-HDMI<ref name="TechRepublicPi4">{{cite web |url=https://www.techrepublic.com/article/raspberry-pi-4-model-b-review-this-board-really-can-replace-your-pc/ |title=Raspberry Pi 4 Model B review: This board really can replace your PC|author=Nick Heath |website=TechRepublic|access-date=24 June 2019 |date=23 June 2019}}</ref>
|2x HDMI (rev?)
| colspan="5" | 1 × HDMI{{efn|group="specs"|name="CM IF"}}
| colspan="2" | 2 × HDMI
| colspan="4" | 1 × Mini-HDMI
| 2× ] (rev 2.0) via Micro-HDMI
|- |-
! scope="row" | ]
! Power ratings:
| via ]
| 300&nbsp;mA (1.5&nbsp;W)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/260 |title=Power supply confirmed as 5V micro USB |publisher=Raspberrypi.org |accessdate=25 July 2012}}</ref>
| colspan="2" | via 3.5&nbsp;mm CTIA style ]
| 700&nbsp;mA (3.5&nbsp;W)
| via ]
| colspan="6" | via 3.5&nbsp;mm CTIA style ]
|pair of 0.1"-spaced pads
| colspan="5" | Yes{{efn|group="specs"|name="CM IF"}}<ref name="CM-Schematic" /><ref name="CM-Announcement-Comment-James-Adams-composite-video">{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/raspberry-pi-compute-module-new-product/#comment-509472|title=Comment by James Adams on Compute Module announcement|author=Adams, James|date=7 April 2014|publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation|access-date=22 September 2014|archive-date=21 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140921063749/http://www.raspberrypi.org/raspberry-pi-compute-module-new-product/#comment-509472|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| colspan="2" |?
| colspan="4" | via marked points on PCB for optional header pins<ref>{{cite web|url=https://learn.pi-supply.com/pi-zero-the-new-raspberry-pi-board/?v=c86ee0d9d7ed|title=Pi Zero – The New Raspberry Pi Board • Pi Supply|work=Pi Supply|date=26 November 2015}}</ref>
|?
|- |-
! scope="row" | MIPI display interface (]){{efn|group="specs"|for raw ] panels}}
! Power source:<ref name="faq" />
| colspan="2" | 5&nbsp;] via ] or GPIO header | colspan="10" | 1× standard size (15-pin, 1 mm pitch), for a display only
| 2× mini<ref name="rpi5-doc-camera">{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/raspberry-pi-5.html#attaching-cameras|title=Raspberry Pi Documentation - Raspberry Pi 5 - Attaching cameras|publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation|access-date=3 February 2024}}</ref> (22-pin, 0.5 mm pitch), each for a display or camera
| colspan="5" | Yes{{efn|group="specs"|name="CM IF"}}<ref name="CM-Announcement" /><ref name="CM-IO-Board-Schematic" /><ref name="DSI">{{cite web|url=https://elinux.org/Rpi_Screens|title=Raspberry Pi Wiki, section screens|publisher=Elinux.org|access-date=6 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://elinux.org/File:Raspi-Model-AB-Mono-2-699x1024.png|title=diagram of Raspberry Pi with DSI LCD connector|publisher=Elinux.org|access-date=6 May 2012}}</ref>
| colspan="2" | Yes
| colspan="4" | No
|?
|- |-
! scope="row" | Audio inputs
! Size:
| colspan="2" | {{convert|85.60|×|53.98|mm|in|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/344 |title=Final PCB artwork |publisher=Raspberrypi.org |date=14 November 2011 |accessdate=6 May 2012}}</ref> | colspan="22" | As of revision 2 boards via ]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?t=8496|title=I2S driver development thread|access-date=16 September 2014}}</ref>
|?
|- |-
! scope="row" | Audio outputs
! Weight:
| colspan="10" | Analog via ]; digital via HDMI and, as of revision 2 boards, ]
| colspan="2" | {{convert|45|g|oz|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/faqs |title=Raspberry Pi FAQ |publisher=Raspberrypi.org |accessdate=6 May 2012}}</ref>
|HDMI
| colspan="5" | Analog, HDMI, ]{{efn|group="specs"|name="CM IF"}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="4" | Mini-HDMI, stereo audio through PWM on GPIO
| Micro-HDMI
|- |-
! scope="row" | On-board storage<ref name="VerifiedPeripheralList" />
! Operating systems:
| colspan="2" | ],<ref name="raspberrypi faqs"> | colspan="2" | None
| 0 or 2 MB internal flash
{{cite web
| ], ], SDIO card slot (3.3 ] with card power only)
| url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/faqs
| colspan="2" | ] slot<ref name="B-Plus-Announcement" />
| title=FAQs
| ], ], SDIO card slot
| publisher=Raspberry Pi
| colspan="2" | ] slot
| accessdate=3 November 2011
| colspan="4" |] slot, USB Boot Mode<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/bootmodes/msd.md|title=How to boot from a USB Mass Storage Device on a Raspberry Pi 3 |publisher= Raspberry Pi Documentation}}</ref>
}}</ref> ], ], ], ], ], ],<ref name="osnews risc os" />]<ref name="Slackware_ARM">
|] ] Slot
{{cite web
| colspan="2" | 4 GB ] ] chip<ref name="CM-Announcement" /><!-- may or may not support external SD cards with configuration changes-->
| url=http://arm.slackware.com/
| ] slot
| title=The Slackware ARM Linux Project
| 8/16/32 GB ] ] chip<ref name="CM-Announcement" /><!-- may or may not support external SD cards with configuration changes-->
| publisher=Slackware
|] slot
| accessdate=23 April 2013}}</ref>
| 8/16/32 GB ] ] chip<ref name="CM-Announcement" /><!-- may or may not support external SD cards with configuration changes-->
| ] slot
| colspan="4" |] slot
|] slot
|-
! scope="row" | ] (])<ref name="VerifiedPeripheralList" />
| colspan="3" | None
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" | None<ref name="netconsole">{{cite web |url=https://www.elinux.org/How_to_use_an_Android_tablet_as_a_Raspberry_Pi_console_terminal_and_internet_router |title=Use an Android tablet as a Raspberry Pi Console terminal and Internet router |publisher=Elinux.org |access-date=2 October 2015}}</ref>
| None
| colspan="4" | 10/100 ]<br />USB adapter on the USB hub<ref name="SMSC-LAN9512-Website" />
| 10/100 Mbit/s
| 10/100/1000&nbsp;Mbit/s (real max speed 300&nbsp;Mbit/s)<ref>{{Cite news|date=14 March 2018|title=Raspberry Pi 3B+ Specs and Benchmarks – The MagPi Magazine|work=The MagPi Magazine|url=https://magpi.raspberrypi.org/articles/raspberry-pi-3bplus-specs-benchmarks|access-date=17 August 2018}}</ref>
| colspan="2" | 10/100/1000&nbsp;Mbit/s<ref name="ars4" />(Broadcom BCM54213 PHY)<ref name=":2" />
| colspan="5" rowspan="3" | None
| colspan="2" | 10/100/1000&nbsp;Mbit/s
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" | None
| colspan="2" | None
| 10/100/1000&nbsp;Mbit/s
|-
! scope="row" | WiFi IEEE 802.11 wireless
| None
| b/g/n single band 2.4&nbsp;GHz
| None
| b/g/n/ac dual band 2.4/5&nbsp;GHz
| colspan="4" rowspan="2" | None
| b/g/n single band 2.4&nbsp;GHz
| b/g/n/ac dual band 2.4/5&nbsp;GHz
| colspan="2" |b/g/n/ac dual band 2.4/5&nbsp;GHz (Infineon CYW43455)<ref name=":2" />
| colspan="2" | b/g/n/ac dual band 2.4/5&nbsp;GHz (optional)
| colspan="2" | b/g/n single band 2.4&nbsp;GHz
| b/g/n/ac dual band 2.4/5&nbsp;GHz
|-
! scope="row" | Bluetooth
| None
| 5.2 BLE
| None
| 4.2 BLE
| 4.1 BLE
| 4.2 LS BLE
| colspan="2" | 5.0<ref name="ars4" />
| colspan="2" | 5.0, BLE (optional)
| 4.1 BLE
| 4.2 BLE
| 5.0
|-
! scope="row" | Low-level peripherals
| colspan="3" | UART
| 8× ]<ref>More GPIOs can be used if the low-level peripherals are unused</ref> plus the following, which can also be used as GPIO: ], ] bus, ] bus with two ]s, ] audio<ref>Since the release of the revision 2 model</ref> +3.3 V, +5 V, ground<ref name="hq-qa" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals |title=Raspberry Pi GPIO Connector; |publisher=Elinux.org |access-date=6 May 2012}}</ref>
| colspan="2" | 17× ] plus the same specific functions, and HAT ID bus
| 8× ] plus the following, which can also be used as GPIO: ], ] bus, ] bus with two ]s, ] audio +3.3 V, +5 V, ground.
| colspan="5" | 17× ] plus the same specific functions, and HAT ID bus
| 17× ] plus the same specific functions, HAT, and an additional 4× UART, 4× SPI, and 4× I2C connectors.{{wbr}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blog.hackster.io/meet-the-new-raspberry-pi-4-model-b-9b4698c284|title=Meet the New Raspberry Pi 4, Model B|last=Allan|first=Alasdair |date=24 June 2019|website=Hackster Blog|access-date=30 June 2019}}</ref>
|
| colspan="5" | 46× ], some of which can be used for specific functions including ], ], ], ], ]{{efn|group="specs"|name="CM IF"}}<ref name="CM-Announcement-Comment-James-Adams-GPIO">{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/raspberry-pi-compute-module-new-product/#comment-509549 |title=Comment by James Adams on Compute Module announcement |publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation |date=7 April 2014 |access-date=22 September 2014 |author=Adams, James |archive-date=21 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140921063749/http://www.raspberrypi.org/raspberry-pi-compute-module-new-product/#comment-509549 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| colspan="2" | 28 × GPIO supporting either 1.8v or 3.3v signalling and peripheral options
| colspan="4" | 17× GPIO plus the same specific functions, and HAT ID bus<ref name="Zero-Announcement" />
| ?
|-
! scope="row" | Power ratings
| ?
| ?
| ?
| 300 mA (1.5 W)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/260 |title=Power supply confirmed as 5V micro USB |date=20 October 2011 |publisher=Raspberrypi.org |access-date=25 July 2012 |archive-date=1 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140401182243/https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/260 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 200 mA (1 W)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raspi.today/raspberry-pi-model-a-plus-out-now/|title=Features|last=raspi.today|publisher=Raspberry Pi Today|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727005908/https://www.raspi.today/raspberry-pi-model-a-plus-out-now/|archive-date=27 July 2015}}</ref>
| ?
| 700 mA (3.5 W)
| 200 mA (1 W) average when idle, 350 mA (1.75 W) maximum under stress (monitor, keyboard and mouse connected){{wbr}}<ref name="PowerFAQ">{{Cite news|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/help/faqs/#pi-power|title=Raspberry Pi FAQs – Frequently Asked Questions|work=Raspberry Pi|access-date=30 June 2019}}</ref>
| colspan="2" | 220 mA (1.1 W) average when idle, 820 mA (4.1 W) maximum under stress (monitor, keyboard and mouse connected){{wbr}}<ref name="PowerFAQ" />
| 300 mA (1.5 W) average when idle, 1.34 A (6.7 W) maximum under stress (monitor, keyboard, mouse and WiFi connected){{wbr}}<ref name="PowerFAQ" />
| 459 mA (2.295 W) average when idle, 1.13 A (5.661 W) maximum under stress (monitor, keyboard, mouse and WiFi connected){{wbr}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/magpi/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Raspberry-Pi-Benchmarks-Power-Draw.jpg |title=Power Draw |access-date=14 March 2018 |archive-date=15 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315134309/https://www.raspberrypi.org/magpi/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Raspberry-Pi-Benchmarks-Power-Draw.jpg |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 600 mA (3 W) average when idle, 1.25 A (6.25 W) maximum under stress (monitor, keyboard, mouse and Ethernet connected),
1.6 A (8 W) for "]" workloads<ref name=":2" />{{wbr}}<ref name="PowerFAQ" /> 3 A (15 W) power supply recommended.{{wbr}}<ref name="Pi4OnSale" />
|12 W for "]" workloads<ref name=":2" />
| 200 mA (1 W)
| colspan="2" | 700 mA (3.5 W)
| ?
| ?
| colspan="2" | ?
| colspan="3" | 100 mA (0.5 W) average when idle, 350 mA (1.75 W) maximum under stress (monitor, keyboard and mouse connected){{wbr}}<ref name="PowerFAQ" />
|120 mA (0.6 W) average when idle<ref name="cnx-software-20211209">{{cite web |url=https://www.cnx-software.com/2021/12/09/raspberry-pi-zero-2-w-power-consumption/ |title=A deep dive into Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W's power consumption |last=Aufranc |first=Jean-Luc |website=CNX Software |date=9 December 2021 |access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref>
| ?
|-
! scope="row" | Power source
| colspan="3" | MicroUSB or GPIO Header 1.8 V to 5 V
| colspan="7" | 5 V via ] or GPIO header
| colspan="2" | 5 V via ], GPIO header, or ] (with the PoE HAT)
| colspan="2" | 5 V via {{nowrap|USB-C}}, GPIO header, or ] (with the PoE HAT)
| colspan="5" | 2.5–5 V, 3.3 V, 2.5–3.3 V, and 1.8 V{{efn|group="specs"|name="CM IF"}}
| colspan="2" | 5 V
| colspan="4" | 5 V via ] or GPIO header
|5 V via USB-C
|-
! scope="row" | Size
| colspan="3" |51&nbsp;mm&nbsp;× 21&nbsp;mm
| {{cvt|85.6|x|56.5|mm|disp=br()}}{{efn|group="specs"|name="size con"}}
| {{cvt|65|x|56.5|x|10|mm|disp=br()}}{{efn|group="specs"|name="size hat"}}
| {{cvt|65|x|56.5|mm|disp=br()}}
| colspan="4" | {{cvt|85.60|x|56.5|mm|disp=br()}}{{efn|group="specs"|name="size con"}}
| colspan="3" | {{cvt|85.60|x|56.5|x|17|mm|disp=br()}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://socialcompare.com/en/review/raspberry-pi-3 |title=Raspberry Pi 3 |website=SocialCompare}}</ref>
|85 mm x 56 mm
| {{cvt|67.6|x|30|mm|disp=br()}}
| colspan="4" | {{cvt|67.6|x|31|mm|disp=br()}}
| colspan="2" | 55&nbsp;mm × 40&nbsp;mm
| colspan="4" | {{cvt|65|x|30|x|5|mm|disp=br()}}
| 286&nbsp;mm × 113&nbsp;mm × 23&nbsp;mm
|-
! scope="row" | Weight
| ?
| ?
| ?
| {{cvt|31|g|disp=br()}}
| {{cvt|23|g|disp=br()}}
|
| colspan="6" | {{cvt|45|g|disp=br()}}
| {{cvt|46|g|disp=br()}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/raspberry-pi-4-b,6193.html|title=Raspberry Pi 4 Review: The New Gold Standard for Single-Board Computing|last1=Piltch|first1=Avram|last2=Halfacree 2019-11-14T19:43:44Z|first2=Gareth|website=Tom's Hardware|access-date=23 December 2019}}</ref>
|
| colspan="3" | {{cvt|7|g|disp=br()}}<ref name="CM-Announcement-Comment-James-Adams-Weight">{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/raspberry-pi-compute-module-new-product/#comment-509481 |title=Comment by James Adams on Compute Module announcement |publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation |date=7 April 2014 |access-date=22 September 2014 |author=Adams, James |archive-date=21 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140921063749/http://www.raspberrypi.org/raspberry-pi-compute-module-new-product/#comment-509481 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|
|
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="3" | {{cvt|9|g|disp=br()}}<ref name="MagPi-Issue40-PiZeroReleaseArticle">{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/magpi-issues/MagPi40.pdf |title=MagPi, issue 40, Raspberry Pi Zero release article |publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation |date=26 November 2015 |access-date=26 November 2015 |archive-date=15 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115234431/https://www.raspberrypi.org/magpi-issues/MagPi40.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|{{cvt|10.8|g|disp=br()}}
|
|-
! scope="row" | Console{{clarification needed|date=August 2024}}
| ?
| ?
| ?
| colspan="20" | Adding a USB network interface via tethering<ref name="netconsole" /> or a serial cable with optional GPIO power connector<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.elinux.org/RPi_Serial_Connection |title=Raspberry Pi USB Serial Connection and power supply |publisher=Elinux.org |access-date=2 October 2015}}</ref>
| ?
| ?
| ?
|-
! scope="row" | Generation
| colspan="2" | 1
| 2
| 1
| 1+
| 3+
| 1
| 1+
| 2
| 2 ver 1.2
| 3
| 3+
| 4
| 5
| 1
| 3
| 3 Lite
| 3+
| 3+ Lite
| 4
| 4 Lite
| PCB ver 1.2
| PCB ver 1.3
| W (wireless)
| 2 W (wireless)
| 4
|-
! scope="row" | Obsolescence<br />Statement
| colspan="2" | in production until at least January 2028{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| in production until at least January 2040{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| in production until at least January 2026{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| in production until at least January 2026{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| {{NA}}{{clarification needed|date=August 2024}}
| in production until at least January 2026{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| {{NA}} see PCB ver 1.2{{clarification needed|date=August 2024}}
| {{NA}} see ver 1.2{{clarification needed|date=August 2024}}
| in production until at least January 2026{{wbr}}<ref name="RPi3-ModelB-obsolescence">{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-3-model-b/ |title=Buy a Raspberry Pi 3 Model B |publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation |access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref>
| in production until at least January 2026{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| in production until at least January 2028<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ltd |first=Raspberry Pi |title=Buy a Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-3-model-b-plus/ |access-date=2024-01-01 |website=Raspberry Pi |language=en-GB}}</ref>
| in production until at least January 2026{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| in production until at least January 2035{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| colspan="4" | in production until at least January 2026{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| colspan="2" | in production until at least January 2028{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| {{NA}} or see PCB ver 1.3{{clarification needed|date=August 2024}}
| in production until at least January 2026{{wbr}}<ref name="pi-zero-specs" />
| colspan="2" | in production until at least January 2026{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| in production until at least January 2028{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
| ?
|-
! scope="row" | Type
! colspan="3" | Pico
! colspan="3" scope="col" | Model A (no Ethernet)
! colspan="8" scope="col" | Model B (with Ethernet)
! colspan="7" scope="col" | Compute Module{{efn|group="specs"|name="CM IF"}}
! colspan="4" scope="col" | Zero
! Keyboard
|} |}
</div>
{{notelist|group="specs"|refs=
{{efn|group="specs"|name="GPU"|BCM2837: 3D part of GPU at 300&nbsp;MHz, video part of GPU at 400&nbsp;MHz,<ref name="hq-qa">{{cite web|title=Q&A with our hardware team |publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/2011/09/qa-with-our-hardware-team/ |access-date=20 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924064435/https://www.raspberrypi.org/2011/09/qa-with-our-hardware-team/ |archive-date=24 September 2011 }}</ref><ref name="HalfacreeModelB">{{cite web|last=Halfacree|first=Gareth|title=Raspberry Pi review |quote=The Model B|url=https://www.bit-tech.net/hardware/pcs/2012/04/16/raspberry-pi-review/2|work=bit-tech.net|publisher=]|access-date=10 June 2013}}</ref> ] 2.0 (BCM2835, BCM2836: 24 G] / BCM2837: 28.8 GFLOPS). ] and ] (with licence),<ref name="rpi-codec" /> ]30 ] high-profile decoder and encoder<ref name="Broadcom-BCM2835-Website" /> (BCM2837: 1080p60)}}
{{efn|group="specs"|name="shared"|Shared with GPU}}
{{efn|group="specs"|name="2835USB"|Direct from the BCM2835 chip}}
{{efn|group="specs"|name="2837USB"|Direct from the BCM2837B0 chip}}
{{efn|group="specs"|name="RPi1B_USB"|via on-board 3-port USB hub; one USB port internally connected to the Ethernet port.}}
{{efn|group="specs"|name="4 USB"|via on-board 5-port USB hub; one USB port internally connected to the Ethernet port.}}
{{efn|group="specs"|name="CM IF"|200-pin DDR2 ] interface till CM3+, }}
{{efn|group="specs"|name="size con"|Excluding protruding connectors}}
{{efn|group="specs"|name="size hat"|Same as HAT board.}}
}}


=== Simplified Model B changelog ===
;Notes:
<div style="max-width:100%; overflow:auto;">
# '''Model A''' and '''Model B''' are cultural references<ref name="raspberrypi model names">{{cite web | url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/11/28/raspberry_pi/page3.html | title=Psst, kid... Wanna learn how to hack? | publisher=The Register | date=28 November 2011 | accessdate=24 December 2011 | author=Williams, Chris}}</ref> to the original models of the British educational ] computer, developed by ], who originally developed the ] processors (the architecture of the Raspberry Pi) and operating system ], which will also be able to be run on the Raspberry Pi (version 5.17).<ref name="osnews risc os" />
{| class="wikitable sortable"
# On the older beta model B boards, 128&nbsp;MB was allocated by default to the GPU, leaving 128 MB for the CPU.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reddit.com/r/raspberry_pi/comments/oicyr/i_have_a_raspberry_pi_beta_board_ama/c3hj3n0 |title=I have a raspberry pi beta board ama |publisher=Reddit.com |date=15 January 2012 |accessdate=6 May 2012}}</ref> On the first 256 MB release model B (and Model A), three different splits were possible. The default split was 192 MB (CPU RAM), which should be sufficient for standalone 1080p video decoding, or for simple 3D, but probably not for both together. 224&nbsp;MB was for Linux only, with just a 1080p ], and was likely to fail for any video or 3D. 128&nbsp;MB was for heavy 3D, possibly also with video decoding (e.g. XBMC).<ref></ref> Comparatively the Nokia 701 uses 128 MB for the Broadcom VideoCore IV.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/general-discussion/nokia-701-has-a-similar-broadcom-gpu |title=Nokia 701 has a similar Broadcom GPU |publisher=Raspberrypi.org |date=2012-02-02 |accessdate=2012-06-22}}</ref> For the new model B with 512MB RAM initially there were new standard memory split files released( arm256_start.elf, arm384_start.elf, arm496_start.elf) for 256MB, 384MB and 496MB CPU RAM (and 256MB, 128MB and 16MB video RAM). But a week or so later the RPF released a new version of start.elf that could read a new entry in config.txt (gpu_mem=xx) and could dynamically assign an amount of RAM (from 16 to 256MB in 8MB steps) to the GPU, so the older method of memory splits became obsolete, and a single start.elf worked the same for 256 and 512 MB Pis.<ref></ref>
|-
# Level 2 Cache is {{nowrap|128 kB}}, used primarily by the GPU, not the CPU.
! Model
# The ] is based on version 6 of the ] (ARMv6), which due to its age is no longer supported by several popular versions of Linux, including ] which dropped support for processors below ARMv7 in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.linuxuser.co.uk/features/raspberry-pi-interview-eban-upton-reveals-all |title=Raspberry Pi review: Eben Upton reveals all |publisher=linuxuser.co.uk |author=Gareth Halfacree}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" | Gen
# The Raspberry Pi also contains a 15-pin ] ] (CSI) connector, which is used with the Raspberry Pi Camera Addon.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/3890 |title=camera for the CSI-2 port |publisher=Raspberrypi.org |date= |accessdate=2012-06-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://elinux.org/File:Raspi-Model-AB-Mono-2-699x1024.png |title=diagram of Raspberry Pi with CSI camera connector |publisher=Elinux.org |date=2012-03-02 |accessdate=2012-06-22}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" | Variant
# Support for raw ] panels is available in hardware through the available ] connector from the ] (MIPI) Alliance.<ref name="DSI" /> Software support is being planned.
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" | Year
# Supported digital video resolutions are: 640&nbsp;×&nbsp;350 ]; 640&nbsp;×&nbsp;480 ]; 800&nbsp;×&nbsp;600 ]; 1024&nbsp;×&nbsp;768 ]; 1280×720 ] ]; 1280&nbsp;×&nbsp;768 ] Variant; 1280&nbsp;×&nbsp;800 ] Variant; 1280&nbsp;×&nbsp;1024 ]; 1366&nbsp;×&nbsp;768 ] Variant; 1400&nbsp;×&nbsp;1050 ]; 1600&nbsp;×&nbsp;1200 ]; 1680&nbsp;×&nbsp;1050 ]; 1920&nbsp;×&nbsp;1080 ] ]; 1920&nbsp;×&nbsp;1200 ].<ref name="video" /> Also to be supported are the generation of ] and ] composite video signals for ], ], ], ] and ]<ref name="composite">{{cite web|last=Ozolins |first=Jason |url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/general-discussion/pictures-of-screen-displaying-example-of-rpi-composite-output?value=480i&type=1&include=2&search=1 |title=examples of Raspberry Pi composite output |publisher=Raspberrypi.org |date= |accessdate=2012-06-22}}</ref>
! SoC
# Originally the on-board USB ports were designed for USB devices using one "unit load" (100 mA) of current. Devices using more than 100&nbsp;mA were incompatible with the Raspberry Pi, and for them a ] was required. However, due to user feedback, the RPF, at the end of August 2012, decided to remove the USB ]s which largely caused this behaviour. However, the maximum current that can be delivered to a USB port on these modified boards is still limited by the capabilities of the power supply used, and the 1.1&nbsp;A main polyfuse. Also a disadvantage of the current way the modification is done is that its no longer possible to ] USB devices directly into the PI, when hotplugging is necessary it can be done in a hub.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=24&t=5830 |title=Design flaw? Polyfuses for USB current limiting |publisher=Raspberrypi.org |date= |accessdate=2012-06-22}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" | Clockspeed
# Newer versions of the firmware contain the option to choose between five overclock ("turbo") presets that when turned on try to get the most performance out of the SoC without impairing the lifetime of the Pi. This is done by monitoring the core temperature of the chip, and the CPU load, and dynamically adjusting clock speeds and the core voltage. So when there is a low demand on the CPU, or it is getting too hot, the performance is throttled down, but if the CPU has much to do, and the chip's temperature allows it, performance is temporarily increased, with clock speeds up to 1&nbsp;GHz, depending on the individual board, and on which of the "turbo" settings is used. The five settings are:
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" | Cores /<br />Threads
## "None"; 700&nbsp;MHz ARM, 250&nbsp;MHz core, 400&nbsp;MHz SDRAM, 0 overvolt,
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" | 64-bit
## "Modest"; 800&nbsp;MHz ARM, 250&nbsp;MHz core, 400&nbsp;MHz SDRAM, 0 overvolt,
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" | GFLOPS
## "Medium" 900&nbsp;MHz ARM, 250&nbsp;MHz core, 450&nbsp;MHz SDRAM, 2 overvolt,
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" | RAM<br />(GB)
## "High"; 950&nbsp;MHz ARM, 250&nbsp;MHz core, 450&nbsp;MHz SDRAM, 6 overvolt,
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" | Video<br />Output
## "Turbo"; 1000&nbsp;MHz ARM, 500&nbsp;MHz core, 600&nbsp;MHz SDRAM, 6 overvolt<ref name="Turbo mode"/><ref name="turbosgithub">{{cite web|url=https://github.com/asb/raspi-config/blob/master/raspi-config |title=asb/raspi-config on Github |publisher=asb |accessdate=2012-12-13}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" | 4K<br />Ready
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" | USB
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" | Alt<br />Boot
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" | Ethernet<br />(Max. Gbit/s)
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" | Wi-Fi
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" | BT
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" | Power Source
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;" | MSRP<br />(USD)
|-
| <div style="display:none;">1b1</div>RPi 1 Model B
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | 1B
| style="text-align:center;" | (256 MB)
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | <div style="display:none;">1b1</div>2012
| rowspan="3" | BCM2835
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | 0.7&nbsp;GHz
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | 1/1
| style="text-align:center;" |
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | 0.213
| style="text-align:center;" | <div style="display:none;">00256 </div>0.25
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | HDMI<sub>1.3</sub><br />Composite
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | 2 × USB<sub>2.0</sub>
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;" |
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;" | 0.1
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;" |
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;" |
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | Micro-USB
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | $35
|-
| <div style="display:none;">1b2</div>RPi 1 Model B
| style="text-align:center;" | (512 MB)
| style="text-align:center;" |
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | <div style="display:none;">00512 </div>0.5
|-
| <div style="display:none;">1b3</div>RPi 1 Model B+
| style="text-align:center;" | 1B+
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" | <div style="display:none;">1b3</div>2014
| style="text-align:center;" |
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;" | 4 × USB<sub>2.0</sub>
| style="text-align:center;" | $25
|-
| <div style="display:none;">2b1</div>RPi 2 Model B
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | 2B
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" | <div style="display:none;">2b1</div>2015
| BCM2836
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | 0.9&nbsp;GHz
| rowspan="11" style="text-align:center;" | 4/4
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 1.47
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;" | <div style="display:none;">01024 </div>1
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;" | HDMI<sub>1.3</sub>
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;" | $35
|-
| <div style="display:none;">2b2</div>RPi 2 Model B v1.2
| style="text-align:center;" | v1.2
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | <div style="display:none;">2b2</div>2016
| rowspan="2" | BCM2837
| style="text-align:center;" | ✔
| style="text-align:center;" | 4.43
|-
| <div style="display:none;">3b1</div>RPi 3 Model B
| style="text-align:center;" | 3B
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 1.2&nbsp;GHz
| style="text-align:center;" | ✔
| style="text-align:center;" | 3.62
| style="text-align:center;" | USB<br />Network<br />(through OTP bit setting)
| style="text-align:center;" | b/g/n<div style="font-size:.8em;">single-band<br />(2.4&nbsp;GHz only)</div>
| style="text-align:center;" | 4.1 BLE
|-
| <div style="display:none;">3b2</div>RPi 3 Model B+
| style="text-align:center;" | 3B+
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" | <div style="display:none;">3b2</div>2018
| BCM2837B0
| style="text-align:center;" | 1.4&nbsp;GHz
| style="text-align:center;" | ✔
| style="text-align:center;" | 5.3
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;" | USB<br />Network
| style="text-align:center;" | 0.35
| rowspan="8" style="text-align:center;" | b/g/n/ac<div style="font-size:.8em;">dual-band</div>
| style="text-align:center;" | 4.2 LS BLE
|-
| <div style="display:none;">4b1</div>RPi 4 Model B
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;" | 4B
| style="text-align:center;" | (1 GB)
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | <div style="display:none;">4b1</div>2019
| rowspan="4" | BCM2711
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;" | 1.5&nbsp;GHz/1.8&nbsp;GHz
| style="text-align:center;" | ✔
| style="text-align:center;" | 9.92
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;" | 2 × Micro-HDMI<sub>2.0</sub>
| style="text-align:center;" | ✔
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | 2 × USB<sub>2.0</sub><br />2 × USB<sub>3.0</sub>
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | 1.0
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | 5.0
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | USB-C
|-
| <div style="display:none;">4b2</div>RPi 4 Model B
| style="text-align:center;" | (2 GB)
| style="text-align:center;" | ✔
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" | <div style="display:none;">02048 </div>2
| style="text-align:center;" | ✔
| style="text-align:center;" | $35<div style="font-size:.8em;">from $45</div>
|-
| <div style="display:none;">4b3</div>RPi 4 Model B
| style="text-align:center;" | (4 GB)
| style="text-align:center;" | ✔
| style="text-align:center;" | 13.5
| style="text-align:center;" | <div style="display:none;">04096 </div>4
| style="text-align:center;" | ✔
| style="text-align:center;" | $55
|-
| <div style="display:none;">4b4</div>RPi 4 Model B
| style="text-align:center;" | (8 GB)
| style="text-align:center;" | <div style="display:none;">4b4</div>2020
| style="text-align:center;" | ✔
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" | <div style="display:none;">08192 </div>8
| style="text-align:center;" | ✔
| style="text-align:center;" | $75
|-
| <div style="display:none;">5b1</div>RPi 5
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | 5B
| style="text-align:center;" | (2 GB)
| style="text-align:center;" | 2024
| BCM2712D0
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | 2.4&nbsp;GHz
| style="text-align:center;" | ✔
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 2
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" | ✔
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" | $50
|-
| <div style="display:none;">5b1</div>RPi 5
| style="text-align:center;" | (4 GB)
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | 2023
| rowspan="2" | BCM2712
| style="text-align:center;" | ✔
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| style="text-align:center;" | ✔
| style="text-align:center;" | $60
|-
| <div style="display:none;">5b2</div>RPi 5
| style="text-align:center;" | (8 GB)
| style="text-align:center;" | ✔
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 8
| style="text-align:center;" | ✔
| style="text-align:center;" | $80
|}
</div>


== Software == == Software ==
=== Operating systems ===
]
Raspberry Pi provides ] (formerly called Raspbian), a ]-based ] for download, as well as third-party ], ], ], ] (specialised media centre distribution) and specialised distributions for the ] media centre and classroom management.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/|title=Raspberry Pi Downloads – Software for the Raspberry Pi|access-date=12 August 2016}}</ref> It promotes ] and ] as the main programming languages, with support for many other languages.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/usage/|title=Usage – Raspberry Pi Documentation|website=raspberrypi.org|access-date=12 August 2016}}</ref> The default ]<!--have here, or with hardware paragraph..?--> is ], while unofficial ] firmware is available.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://crna.cc/cat/research|title=Blobless Linux on Raspberry Pi (rpi-open-firmware).|access-date=20 July 2017|archive-date=16 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116015314/http://crna.cc/cat/research|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://github.com/christinaa/rpi-open-firmware|title=christinaa/rpi-open-firmware: Open source VPU side bootloader for Raspberry Pi.|website=]|access-date=20 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnx-software.com/2016/05/16/preliminary-open-source-bootloader-for-raspberry-pi-boards-released/|title=Preliminary Open Source Bootloader for Raspberry Pi Boards Released|date=16 May 2016|access-date=20 July 2017}}</ref> Many other operating systems can also run on the Raspberry Pi. The formally verified microkernel ] is also supported.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docs.sel4.systems/Hardware/|title=Supported Platforms|website=docs.sel4.systems|access-date=23 November 2018}}</ref> There are several ways of installing multiple operating systems on one mSD card.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/how-to-install-multiple-oses-on-a-single-sd-card-for-raspberry-pi/|title=3 Ways to Boot Multiple OSes on a Raspberry Pi|access-date=2021-10-02|date=2013-02-17|first=Christian|last=Cawley|website=makeuseof.com}}</ref>
;Other operating systems (not Linux- nor BSD-based)
* Broadcom VCOS – Proprietary operating system which includes an abstraction layer designed to integrate with existing kernels, such as ] (which is used on the VideoCore4 processor), providing drivers and middleware for application development. In the case of the Raspberry Pi, this includes an application to start the ARM processor(s) and provide the publicly documented API over a mailbox interface, serving as its firmware. An incomplete source of a ] port of VCOS is available as part of the reference graphics driver published by Broadcom.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lwn.net/Articles/588950/|title=Broadcom releases SoC graphics driver source |website=lwn.net}}</ref>
* ] – an open source ] clone that has been compiled for the Raspberry Pi and several other ARM boards.<ref name=haiku>{{cite web|title=Compiling Haiku for Arm|url=https://www.haiku-os.org/guides/building/compiling-arm|website=haiku-os.org|access-date=30 April 2015}}</ref> Work on Pi 1 began in 2011, but only the Pi 2 will be supported.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.haiku-os.org/guides/building/port_status/|title=Haiku port status|website=Haiku Project|access-date=27 June 2019}}</ref>
* ] – a portable microkernel-based multiserver operating system; has basic Raspberry Pi support since version 0.6.0<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.helenos.org/ReleaseNotes/0.6.0|title=ReleaseNotes/0.6.0 – HelenOS|website=helenos.org|access-date=12 February 2022|archive-date=27 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127211347/http://www.helenos.org/ReleaseNotes/0.6.0|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* ]<ref>{{cite web |title=9pi |url=https://9fans.net/archive/2012/08/129 |publisher=9fans.net mail archive |first=Richard |last=Miller |date=18 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012180528/https://9fans.net/archive/2012/08/129 |archive-date=12 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/wednesday-grab-bag-3/ |title=Wednesday grab bag |at=See the "Plan 9" section |author=Liz |newspaper=Raspberry Pi |publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation |date=5 December 2012}}</ref> and ]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lynxline.com/inferno-raspberry-pi-image-beta1/|title=Inferno Raspberry Pi image – beta release (beta1)|website=lynxline.com|access-date=12 February 2022|archive-date=24 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224202321/http://lynxline.com/inferno-raspberry-pi-image-beta1/|url-status=dead}}</ref> (in beta)
* ]
* ] Pi (a cut-down version of RISC OS Pico, for 16&nbsp;MB cards and larger for all models of Pi 1 & 2, has also been made available)
* Ultibo Core – OS-less unikernel Run Time Library based on ]. Lazarus IDE (Windows with 3rd party ports to Linux and MacOS). Most Pi models supported.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ultibo Core |url=https://ultibo.org/ |website=Ultibo.org}}</ref>
* ] – a zero-price edition of ] offered by Microsoft that runs natively on the Raspberry Pi 2.<ref name="golem.de Windows 10 auf RPi2 2015">{{cite news|last=Sauter|first=Marc|title=Internet der Dinger: Windows 10 läuft kostenlos auf dem Raspberry Pi 2|url=https://www.golem.de/news/internet-der-dinge-windows-10-laeuft-kostenlos-auf-dem-raspberry-pi-2-1502-112100.html |trans-title=Internet of Things: Windows 10 runs free on the Raspberry Pi 2 |language=de |access-date=8 February 2015|date=2 February 2015}}</ref>


;Other operating systems (Linux-based)
=== Architecture ===
* ] – a ] based on ] and ], "designed for ] who appreciate security, simplicity and resource efficiency".<ref>{{cite web|title=Alpine Linux about |url=https://alpinelinux.org/about/ |website=Alpinelinux.org |access-date=21 July 2021}}</ref>
]
* ] is available for non-commercial use from KonstaKANG<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Raspberry |url=https://konstakang.com/devices/rpi4/ |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=konstakang.com |language=en}}</ref>
The Raspberry Pi uses ] kernel-based ]s. ], a Debian-based free operating system optimized for the Raspberry Pi hardware, is the current recommended system, released in July 2012.<ref name="physorg owano 2012">{{cite news|last=Owano|first=Nancy|title=Raspberry Pi gets customized OS called Raspbian|url=http://phys.org/news/2012-07-raspberry-pi-customized-os-raspbian.html|accessdate=5 September 2012|newspaper=]|date=18 July 2012}}</ref>
* ] – a port of ] for ] processors; the Arch-based ] is also available for ARM
* ] – designed for website and email self-hosting
* ] for Raspberry Pi 2 and later
* ]
* ] – an embedded, managed version of the ] operating system for professional fleet management
* ] (supports Pi 2 and later since Fedora 25, Pi 1 is supported by some unofficial derivatives) and ] (a RHEL port) for Raspberry Pi 1
* ]<ref>{{cite web|title=Raspberry Pi – Gentoo Wiki|url=https://wiki.gentoo.org/Raspberry_Pi|access-date=20 March 2016}}</ref>
* ] – a Debian-derived distribution designed for digital forensics and penetration testing
* ] – based on Debian Stable and including ] components, this OS is available in Xfce, from which KDE and Fluxbox versions can be produced
* ],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.opensuse.org/HCL:Raspberry_Pi|title=HCL:Raspberry Pi – openSUSE Wiki|website=en.opensuse.org}}</ref> ] Server 12 SP2<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |url=https://www.suse.com/products/arm/|title=Linux Enterprise Server on Arm Systems & Raspberry Pi {{!}} SUSE|website=suse.com}}{{verify source|date=May 2022|reason=Title does not match website and there is no mention of Raspberry on the webpage.}}</ref> and Server 12 SP3 (commercial support)<ref name="auto1"/>
* ] – a highly extensible Linux distribution for embedded devices (typically wireless routers). It supports Pi 1, 2, 3, 4 and Zero W.<ref>{{cite web|title=OpenWrt Project: Raspberry Pi Foundation |website=openwrt.org |date=16 December 2016 |url=https://openwrt.org/toh/hwdata/raspberry_pi_foundation/start |access-date=23 April 2020}}</ref>
* Pop!_PI for Raspberry Pi 4 is a distribution of ] 22.04<ref>{{cite web|title=Pop!_OS by System76|url=https://pop.system76.com/|access-date=2024-04-15}}</ref>
* ] – distribution based on Alpine Linux, primarily developed for ]s
* RetroPie – an offshoot of Raspbian OS that uses Emulation Station as its frontend for ] and other emulators like ] for retro gaming.<ref>{{cite web|title=RetroPie |website=RetroPie |url=https://retropie.org.uk/|access-date=2020-08-25}}</ref> Hardware like Freeplay tech can help replace Game boy internals with RetroPie emulation.<ref>{{cite web|author=Maker Retro|date=2021-10-05|title=Freeplay GBA retropi, is it worth?|website=Platformer|url=https://platformer.me/gear/freeplay-gba-retropi-is-it-worth/|access-date=2021-10-05|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005073201/https://platformer.me/gear/freeplay-gba-retropi-is-it-worth/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* ] – a Linux distribution based on the purely functional package management system Nix. NixOS is composed using modules and packages defined in the Nixpkgs project.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nix.dev/tutorials/nixos/installing-nixos-on-a-raspberry-pi|title=Installing NixOS on a Raspberry Pi|access-date=2023-12-07}}</ref>
* ]<ref>{{cite web|title=Alternative Images - Rocky Linux|url=https://rockylinux.org/alternative-images|access-date=1 October 2023}}</ref>
* ] with Raspberry Pi 2 (due to use ARM Cortex-A7 CPU; Raspberry Pi 1 uses different ARMv6 architecture and Sailfish requires ARMv7.)<ref>{{cite web|title=Sailfish on a Raspberry Pi |url=https://together.jolla.com/question/56308/sailfish-on-a-raspberry-pi/|website=together.jolla.com |publisher=Jolla|access-date=26 February 2015}}</ref>
* ] – version 13.37 and later runs on the Raspberry Pi without modification.<ref>{{cite web |title=SlackwareARM for the Raspberry Pi|url=https://stanleygarvey.com/Slackberry/index.php|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130210050516/https://stanleygarvey.com/Slackberry/index.php |archive-date=10 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=6103 |publisher=raspberrypi.org |title=ArmedSlack working :)<!-- do not remove the :). It isn't vandalism. It is in the title. --> |date=18 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |website=alt.os.linux.slackware |url=https://groups.google.com/group/alt.os.linux.slackware/browse_thread/thread/85f8c15cdab99e2f |title=ARMed Slack running on Raspberry Pi |access-date=16 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=56&t=6132&hilit=armedslack|title=raspberrypi.org – ArmedSlack 13.37|access-date=16 September 2014}}</ref> The 128–496 MB of available memory on the Raspberry Pi is at least twice the minimum requirement of 64&nbsp;MB needed to run Slackware Linux on an ARM or i386 system.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.slackware.com/install/sysreq.php |title=The Slackware Linux Project: Installation Help |publisher=Slackware.com |access-date=22 June 2012}}</ref> (Whereas the majority of Linux systems boot into a ], Slackware's default user environment is the ] / ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Slackware Linux Essentials: The Shell |url=https://slackbook.org/html/book.html#SHELL|access-date=16 September 2014}}</ref>) The ] window manager running under the ] requires an additional 48&nbsp;MB of RAM.<ref>{{cite web|author=v1.0.2 (en), xiando |url=https://linuxreviews.org/software/desktops/#toc4 |title=Desktops: KDE vs Gnome |publisher=Linux Reviews |access-date=22 June 2012}}</ref>
* ] – a light Debian-derived distro with ]
* ] – a minimal Linux operating system focused on providing a base system using ] and ]. Designed to run primarily in ].
* ] – a Linux-based ] that was backed by the ] and was mainly developed and primarily used by ]


* ], a fully free GNU/Linux distribution <ref>https://trisquel.info</ref>
The ] hardware is accessed via a ] ] which is loaded into the GPU at boot time from the ]. The firmware image is known as the ], while the associated ARM coded Linux drivers were initially ].<ref name="h-online 2011">{{cite news | url=http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/Raspberry-Pi-warms-up-1341629.html | title=Raspberry Pi warms up | work=The H | date=13 September 2011 | accessdate=12 March 2012 | author=djwm}}</ref> this part of the driver code was later released, <ref name="ARMuserland"/>, however much of the actual driver work is done using the closed source GPU code. Application software uses calls to closed source run-time libraries (Open Max, Open GL ES or open VG) which in turn calls an open source driver inside the Linux kernel, which then calls the closed source Videocore IV GPU driver code. The ] of the kernel driver is specific for these closed libraries. Video applications use ], {{nowrap|]}} use ] and {{nowrap|]}} use ] which both in turn use ]. OpenMAX and EGL use the open source kernel driver in turn.<ref>, 2012-01-31</ref>


* ]-based: ]<ref name="auto2">{{cite web |url=https://ubuntu-pi-flavour-maker.org/blog/ubuntu-pi-flavours-for-raspberry-pi-3/ |title=Ubuntu Pi Flavours for Raspberry Pi 3 are released |author=Martin Wimpress |date=2016-02-29 |website=Ubuntu Pi Flavour Maker |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111064418/https://ubuntu-pi-flavour-maker.org/blog/ubuntu-pi-flavours-for-raspberry-pi-3/ |access-date=30 July 2018 }}</ref> and ]<ref name="auto2"/>
On 19 February 2012, the ] released its first proof of concept SD card image that could be loaded onto an SD card to produce a preliminary operating system. The image was based upon ] 6.0 (Squeeze), with the ] desktop and the ], plus various programming tools. The image also runs on ] allowing the Raspberry Pi to be emulated on various other platforms.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.linuxnewshere.com/index.php/raspberry-pi-releases-1st-sd-card-image-debian |title=linuxnews showing the first release of Debian Squeeze for Raspberry running on QEMU |publisher=Linuxnewshere.com |date= |accessdate=2012-06-22}}</ref>
* ] – a ] Linux distribution which was designed and implemented from scratch, provides images based on musl or ]
* ] – an open source version of ]
;Other operating systems (BSD-based)
* ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=arm/Raspberry Pi - FreeBSD Wiki |website=Wiki.freebsd.org |url=https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/Raspberry%20Pi |access-date=16 July 2024 |archive-date=4 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240704031325/https://wiki.freebsd.org/arm/Raspberry%20Pi |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wiki.netbsd.org/ports/evbarm/raspberry_pi/ |title=NetBSD/evbarm on Raspberry Pi|website=wiki.netbsd.org}}</ref>
* ] (only on 64-bit platforms, such as Raspberry Pi 3/4)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.openbsd.org/arm64.html|title=OpenBSD/arm64|website=openbsd.org}}</ref>


=== System software === == Driver APIs ==
{{See also|VideoCore#Linux support}}
On 8 March 2012 The Raspberry Pi Foundation released Raspberry Pi Fedora Remix, at the time its recommended Linux distribution,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/805 |title=Raspberry Pi Fedora Remix, our recommended distro, is ready for download! |publisher=Raspberrypi.org |date=2012-03-08 |accessdate=2012-06-22}}</ref> which was developed at ] in Canada.<ref name="cbc">{{cite news | url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/story/2012/02/23/technology-raspberry-pi-cheap-computer.html | title=$35 computer 'Raspberry Pi' readies for launch |publisher=CBC |location=Canada | date=24 February 2012 | accessdate=28 February 2012 | author=Chung, Emily}}</ref> The Foundation intends to create an ]<!-- this link is currently a dab page, which is intentional as no specific type of app store is referred to in the news piece --> website for people to exchange programs.<ref name="bbc classroom coders" />
]: ], ] and ] ]]


Raspberry Pi can use a ] IV GPU via a ], which is loaded into the GPU at boot time from the ], and additional software, that initially was ].<ref name="h-online 2011">{{cite news |url=https://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/Raspberry-Pi-warms-up-1341629.html |title=Raspberry Pi warms up |work=] |date=13 September 2011 |access-date=12 March 2012 |author=djwm |archive-date=25 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125071912/http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/Raspberry-Pi-warms-up-1341629.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> This part of the driver code was later released.<ref name="ARMuserland"/> However, much of the actual driver work is done using the closed source GPU code. Application software makes calls to closed source run-time libraries (], ] or ]), which in turn call an open source driver inside the Linux kernel, which then calls the closed source VideoCore IV GPU driver code. The ] of the kernel driver is specific for these closed libraries. Video applications use ], {{nowrap|]}} use ] and {{nowrap|]}} use ], which both in turn use ]. OpenMAX IL and EGL use the open source kernel driver in turn.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/592 |publisher=raspberrypi.org |title=Libraries, codecs, OSS |date=31 January 2012 |access-date=12 February 2022 |archive-date=30 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030114016/http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/592 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
] (formally ARMedslack) version 13.37 and later runs on the Raspberry Pi without modification.<ref></ref><ref>, 2012-05-18</ref><ref>, 2012-05-10</ref><ref>, 2012-05-19</ref> The 128–496 MB of available memory on the Raspberry Pi is twice the minimum requirement of 64 MB needed to run Slackware Linux on an ARM or i386 system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slackware.com/install/sysreq.php |title=The Slackware Linux Project: Installation Help |publisher=Slackware.com |date= |accessdate=2012-06-22}}</ref> (Whereas the majority of Linux systems boot into a ], Slackware's default user environment is the ] / ].<ref></ref>) The ] window manager running under the ] requires an additional 48 MB of RAM.<ref>{{cite web|author=v1.0.2 (en), xiando |url=http://linuxreviews.org/software/desktops/#toc4 |title=Desktops: KDE vs Gnome |publisher=Linux Reviews |date= |accessdate=2012-06-22}}</ref>


=== Vulkan driver ===
In addition, work is being done on system-specific light Linux distributions such as ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lists.ipfire.org/pipermail/sig-arm/2012-May/000047.html |title=],<ref name="pcworld.fr bellavance 2012">{{cite news|last=Bellavance|first=Nicolas|title=Quelle distribution utiliser sur Raspberry Pi ?|url=http://www.pcworld.fr/2012/04/17/materiel/pc-bureau/distributions-raspberry-pi/526849/|accessdate=22 May 2012|date=17 April 2012}}</ref> ]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raspbmc.com/about/ |title=raspbmc a light Linux distro designed for media application on the Raspberry Pi |publisher=Raspbmc.com |date= |accessdate=2012-06-22}}</ref> and the ] open source ].<ref name="XBMC">{{cite web|author=Tuesday, 28 February 2012 00:36 |url=http://openelec.tv/component/k2/item/235-openelec-on-raspberry-pi-our-first-arm-device-supported |title=openelec for XBMC |publisher=Openelec.tv |date=2012-02-28 |accessdate=2012-06-22}}</ref>
Raspberry Pi first announced it was working on a ] driver in February 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tomshardware.com/news/raspberry-pi-vulkan-graphics-driver-release|title=Raspberry Pi to Get Vulkan Graphics Driver (Eventually)|first=Nathaniel Mott 03|last=February 2020|website=Tom's Hardware|date=3 February 2020}}</ref> A working Vulkan driver running ] at 100 ] on a 3B+ was revealed by a graphics engineer who had been working on it as a hobby project on 20 June.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tomshardware.com/news/nvidia-engineer-vulkan-driver-raspberry-pi-quake-iii-100-fps|title=Nvidia Engineer's Vulkan Driver For Raspberry Pi Runs Quake III Over 100 FPS at 720p|first=Zhiye Liu 20|last=June 2020|website=Tom's Hardware|date=20 June 2020}}</ref> On 24 November 2020 Raspberry Pi announced that their driver for the Raspberry Pi 4 is Vulkan 1.0 conformant.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/vulkan-update-were-conformant/|title=Vulkan update: we're conformant!|date=November 24, 2020|website=Raspberry Pi Foundation}}</ref> Raspberry Pi Trading announced further driver conformance for Vulkan 1.1 and 1.2 on 26 October 2021<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-10-26 |title=Vulkan update: version 1.1 conformance for Raspberry Pi 4 |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/vulkan-update-version-1-1-conformance-for-raspberry-pi-4/ |access-date=2021-11-15 |website=Raspberry Pi |language=en-GB}}</ref> and 1 August 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Upton |first=Eben |date=2022-08-01 |title=Vulkan update: version 1.2 conformance for Raspberry Pi 4 |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/vulkan-update-version-1-2-conformance-for-raspberry-pi-4/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Raspberry Pi |language=en-GB}}</ref>


=== Firmware ===
Trustee ] publicly approached the ] community in July 2011 to enquire about assistance with a potential port.<ref name="riscosopen eben 2011">{{cite web | url=http://www.riscosopen.org/forum/forums/1/topics/632#posts-8012 | title=Yet another potential RISC OS target? | publisher=] | date=23 July 2011 | accessdate=12 March 2012 | author=Upton, Eben}}</ref> Adrian Lees at Broadcom has since worked on the port,<ref name="riscoscode 2011">{{cite web | url=http://www.riscoscode.com/Pages/Item0113.html | title=Raspberry Pi To Embrace RISC OS | work=RISCOScode | date=31 October 2011 | accessdate=12 March 2012 | author=Hansen, Martin}}</ref><ref name="riscosopen 2011">{{cite web | url=http://www.riscosopen.org/forum/forums/5/topics/783?page=8#posts-10565 | title=RISC OS on the Raspberry Pi | publisher=] | date=8 February 2012 | accessdate=12 March 2012 | author=Lees, Adrian}}</ref> with his work being cited in a discussion regarding the graphics drivers.<ref name="raspberrypi blob broadcom engineer">{{cite web | url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=63&t=1942 | title=GPU binary blob question | publisher=Raspberry Pi | date=29 December 2011 | accessdate=12 March 2012 | author=JamesH}}</ref>
The official firmware is a ]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://github.com/Hexxeh/rpi-firmware/blob/master/LICENCE.broadcom|title=Hexxeh/rpi-firmware|website=Github.com|date=28 October 2021}}</ref> ], that is ].<ref name=haiku/> A minimal proof-of-concept open source firmware is also available, mainly aimed at initialising and starting the ARM cores as well as performing minimal startup that is required on the ARM side. It is also capable of booting a very minimal ], with patches to remove the dependency on the mailbox interface being responsive. It is known to work on Raspberry Pi 1, 2 and 3, as well as some variants of Raspberry Pi Zero.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://github.com/christinaa/rpi-open-firmware |title=christinaa/rpi-open-firmware |website=Github.com |date=3 November 2021 }}</ref>


=== Third-party application software ===
On 24 October 2012 the Raspberry Pi Foundation announced that "all of the VideoCore driver code which runs on the ARM" had been released as ] under a ], making it "the first ARM-based multimedia ] with {{Sic|hide=y|fully|-}}functional, vendor-provided (as opposed to partial, ]) fully ] drivers", although this claim has not been universally accepted.<ref name="ARMuserland">{{cite web|title=Raspberry Pi maker says code for ARM chip is now open source|url=http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/10/all-code-on-raspberry-pis-arm-chip-now-open-source/|work=Ars Technica|accessdate=3 November 2012}}</ref>
* ] – AstroPrint's wireless ] software can be run on the Pi 2.<ref name=adafruit-astroprint>{{cite web|last1=Brothers|first1=Ruiz|title=WiFi 3D Printing|url=https://learn.adafruit.com/astroprint-3d-printing/overview|website=Learn.adafruit.com|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref>
* ] – Released 3 January 2017, C/C++ interpreter Ch and Embedded Ch are released free for non-commercial use for Raspberry Pi, ChIDE is also included for the beginners to learn C/C++.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.softintegration.com/company/press/ch_arm_raspberry_pi_released.html/|title=C/C++ Interpreter Ch 7.5 released for Raspberry Pi, and Pi Zero|website=Softintegration.com|access-date=2 March 2022|archive-date=21 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421104951/http://www.softintegration.com/company/press/ch_arm_raspberry_pi_released.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* ] (Pi edition) – Released 11 February 2013 and support ended on 24 January 2016, a modified version that allows players to directly alter the world with computer code.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pi.minecraft.net/|title=Minecraft: Pi Edition – Minecraft: Pi Edition updates and downloads|access-date=16 September 2014}}</ref>
* ] – Since 28 September 2016, Raspbian includes RealVNC's remote access server and viewer software.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/introducing-pixel/|title=Introducing PIXEL – Raspberry Pi|date=28 September 2016|newspaper=Raspberry Pi|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.realvnc.com/news/realvnc-and-raspberry-pi-announce-new-partnership/|title=RealVNC and Raspberry Pi announce new partnership|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.realvnc.com/raspberrypi/|title=Raspberry Pi {{!}} RealVNC|website=www.realvnc.com|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> This includes a new capture technology which allows directly rendered content (e.g. Minecraft, camera preview and omxplayer) as well as non-X11 applications to be viewed and controlled remotely.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/minecraft-pi-and-more-over-vnc/|title=Minecraft Pi (and more) over VNC – Raspberry Pi|date=9 May 2016|newspaper=Raspberry Pi|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.realvnc.com/docs/raspberry-pi.html#raspberry-pi-minecraft|title=Docs {{!}} Using VNC 5.x on the Raspberry Pi {{!}} RealVNC|website=www.realvnc.com|access-date=2 February 2017|archive-date=3 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203080122/https://www.realvnc.com/docs/raspberry-pi.html#raspberry-pi-minecraft|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* ] – On 13 December 2018, Valve released official Steam Link game streaming client for the Raspberry Pi 3 and 3 B+.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://steamcommunity.com/app/353380/discussions/6/2806204039992195182/|title=Steam Link now available on Raspberry Pi :: Steam Link Raspberry Pi|website=steamcommunity.com|access-date=15 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Raspberry-Pi-Steam-Link|title=Valve's Steam Link For Raspberry Pi Now Available – Phoronix|website=phoronix.com|access-date=15 December 2018}}</ref>
* ] – On 20 September 2013, Florida-based security vendor Entensys announced porting UserGate Web Filter to Raspberry Pi platform.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.techworld.com.au/article/527046/entensys_builds_mini_web_filtering_appliance_raspberry_pi|title=Entensys builds mini Web filtering appliance with Raspberry Pi|last=Pearce|first=Rohan|date=20 September 2013|work=Techworld Australia}}</ref>


=== Software development tools ===
On 25 May 2013 the Raspberry PI foundation pre-announced that (initially) for ] they would switch from using the ] to the ]. This would enable the efficient use of the GPU for ] GUI drawing functions. <ref name="waylaid">{{cite web | url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/4053 | title=Wayland | publisher=Raspberry Pi | date=24 May 2013 | accessdate=25 May 2013 | author=eben upton}}</ref>
* ] – for teaching programming to children and beginners.
* ] – for programming an Arduino.
* ] – for teaching Java to beginners.
* ] – a platform for hands-on integrated learning of computing, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (C-STEM) with robotics.
* ] - an educational fork of MicroPython for microcontrollers and single-board computers
* ] – a functional language for building concurrent systems with light-weight processes and message passing.
* ] – Greenfoot teaches object orientation with Java. Create 'actors' which live in 'worlds' to build games, simulations, and other graphical programs.
* ] – an interactive and cross-platform programming language/environment, that runs on the Pi 1 and later.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://julialang.org/downloads/ |title=Julia Downloads |access-date=21 January 2016}}</ref><!--A binary for ARMv6/Pi 1 is available, a download link is missing; that download link is only for ARMv7--> IDEs for Julia, such as ], are available. See also Pi-specific GitHub repository JuliaBerry.
* ] – a system-design platform and development environment for a visual programming language from National Instruments.
* ] – a powerful multi-paradigm mathematical programming environment and kernel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wolfram.com/raspberry-pi/|title=Wolfram + Raspberry Pi Project: A Wolfram Engine on Every Raspberry Pi|accessdate=31 July 2024}}</ref>
* ]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wiki.freepascal.org/Raspberry_Pi |title=Raspberry Pi|date=21 January 2016}}</ref> – a ] RAD IDE
* ] – an educational RAD IDE descended from ] using English-like language to write event-handlers for WYSIWYG widgets runnable on desktop, mobile and Raspberry Pi platforms.
* ] – a cross-platform integrated development environment (IDE) for Python.
* ] – an IDE built for the electronic arts, new media art, and visual design communities with the purpose of teaching the fundamentals of computer programming in a visual context.
* ] – a cross-platform teaching IDE using visual blocks that stack like Lego blocks, originally developed by MIT's Life Long Kindergarten group. The Pi version is heavily optimized<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/a-new-version-of-scratch-for-raspberry-pi-now-with-added-gpio/ |title=A NEW VERSION OF SCRATCH FOR RASPBERRY PI: NOW WITH ADDED GPIO |date=7 October 2015 |access-date=5 August 2016}}</ref> for the limited computer resources available and is implemented in the Squeak Smalltalk system.
* ] Smalltalk – a full-scale open Smalltalk.
* ] – an artificial intelligence framework developed by Google. Raspberry Pi worked with Google to simplify the installation process through pre-built binaries.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/google-ai-on-raspberry-pi-now-you-get-official-tensorflow-support/|title=Google AI on Raspberry Pi: Now you get official TensorFlow support |last=Tung|first=Liam|publisher=ZDNet|access-date=6 August 2018}}</ref>
* ] – a Python IDE for beginners.
* ] – a cross-platform development framework that supports mobile game and app development with the V-Play Game Engine, V-Play apps, and V-Play plugins.
<!--* ] – an IDE for developing with C++ and .NET for the Pi (i.e. ])-->
<!--* ] – a free IDE for developing in C# (.NET) via the Raspberry# IO or RaspberryIO toolkits. XS is a re-branding of ].-->
* ] – a cross-platform RAD tool that can create desktop, web and console apps for Pi 2 and Pi 3.


=== Operating systems === == Accessories ==
]
This is a list of ]s running, ] or in the process of being ported to Raspberry Pi.
]
* '''Full OS:'''
]
** ]
]
** ]<ref>{{cite web|title=Haiku Raspberry Pi commits|url=http://cgit.haiku-os.org/haiku/log/?qt=grep&q=rpi}}</ref>
* Gertboard – A Raspberry Pi-sanctioned device, designed for educational purposes, that expands the Raspberry Pi's GPIO pins to allow interface with and control of LEDs, switches, analogue signals, sensors and other devices. It may include an optional ]-compatible controller to interface with the Pi.<ref name="Gertboard">{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1734|title=Gertboard is here!|date=8 August 2012|publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation|access-date=9 August 2012|archive-date=10 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120810222718/http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1734|url-status=dead}}</ref>
** ]
* Camera – In May 2013, Raspberry Pi and their distributors RS Components and Premier Farnell/Element 14 launched the Raspberry Pi Camera alongside a firmware update to accommodate it.<ref>{{cite web |title=Elinux Wiki: Description of Raspberry Pi Camera Board |url=https://elinux.org/Rpi_Camera_Module |access-date=3 September 2013}}</ref> The camera has a ] that plugs into the ] connector, between the Ethernet and HDMI ports. In Raspbian, the user must enable the use of the camera board by running Raspi-config and selecting the camera option. The camera module costs €20 in Europe (9 September 2013).<ref name="farnellcam"/> It uses the ] OV5647 ] and can produce ], ] and ] video. The dimensions are {{nowrap|25 mm × 20 mm × 9 mm}}.<ref name="farnellcam">{{cite web |title=RPI Camera board – Raspberry-Pi – Raspberry Pi Kamera-Board, 5MP |publisher=Farnell |url=https://de.farnell.com/raspberry-pi/rpi-camera-board/raspberry-pi-camera-board-5mp/dp/2302279 |access-date=9 June 2013 |language=de |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140509124127/https://de.farnell.com/raspberry-pi/rpi-camera-board/raspberry-pi-camera-board-5mp/dp/2302279 |archive-date=9 May 2014 }}</ref> In May 2016, v2 of the camera was launched: it is an 8-megapixel camera using a Sony IMX219.<ref>
*** ]
{{cite web|title=Camera Documenation|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/camera/|access-date=2020-12-07|website=raspberrypi.org|language=en}}</ref> In January 2023, v3 of the camera was launched: it is a 12-megapixel camera using a Sony IMX708.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Upton |first=Eben |date=2023-01-09 |title=New autofocus camera modules! |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/new-autofocus-camera-modules/ |access-date=2023-01-14 |website=Raspberry Pi |language=en-GB}}</ref>
**** ] (Gingerbread)<ref name="Android 2.3 on the Raspberry Pi"></ref>
* Infrared camera – In October 2013, Raspberry Pi announced that they would begin producing a camera module without an infrared filter, called the Pi NoIR.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pi NoIR|publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/tag/pi-noir/|access-date=16 August 2014}}</ref>
**** ] (Ice Cream Sandwich)
* Official display – In September 2015, Raspberry Pi and their distributors RS Components and Premier Farnell/Element 14 launched the Raspberry Pi Touch Display<ref>{{cite web|title=The Eagarly awaited Raspberry Pi Display |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/the-eagerly-awaited-raspberry-pi-display/|date=8 September 2015|publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation|access-date=18 November 2017}}</ref>
*** ]
* HAT (Hardware Attached on Top) expansion boards{{snd}}Together with the Model B+, inspired by ] boards, the interface for HAT boards was devised by Raspberry Pi. Each HAT board carries a small EEPROM (typically a CAT24C32WI-GT3)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://github.com/raspberrypi/hats/blob/master/eeprom-circuit.png|title=hats/eeprom-circuit.png at master · raspberrypi/hats|website=GitHub|access-date=16 September 2014}}</ref> containing the relevant details of the board,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://github.com/raspberrypi/hats/blob/master/eeprom-format.md|title=hats/eeprom-format.md at master · raspberrypi/hats|website=GitHub|access-date=16 September 2014}}</ref> so that the Raspberry Pi's OS is informed of the HAT, and the technical details of it.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://github.com/raspberrypi/hats |title=raspberrypi/hats|website=GitHub|access-date=16 September 2014}}</ref> Mechanical details of a HAT board, which uses the four mounting holes in their rectangular formation, are available online.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://github.com/raspberrypi/hats/blob/master/hat-board-mechanical.pdf|title=hats/hat-board-mechanical.pdf at master · raspberrypi/hats|author=raspberrypi|website=GitHub|date=November 2021}}</ref>
*** ]<ref>{{cite web|title=Bodhi Linux for Raspberry Pi!|url=http://bodhilinux.com/downloads_mobile.php}}</ref>
* High quality camera – In May 2020, the 12.3-megapixel Sony IMX477 ] sensor camera module was released with support for ] lenses.<ref>{{cite web|title=Raspberry Pi High Quality Camera|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-high-quality-camera/|date=April 30, 2020|website=Raspberrypi.org|access-date=2020-05-01}}</ref> The unit initially retailed for US$50, with interchangeable lenses starting at US$25.
*** ] ARM architecture ports, but not the Debian ARMhf architecture ports (introduced with Debian 7 Wheezy), since these are compiled for ARMv7 and the Raspberry Pi CPU is ARMv6
**** ]<ref>{{cite web|title=Raspbian – Debian optimized for the Raspberry Pi hardware|url=http://www.raspbian.org/}}</ref> (Debian 7 Wheezy ARMhf backported for ARMv6)
*** ]
*** ]<ref>{{cite web|title=Gentoo for the Raspberry Pi!|url=http://intelminer.com/blog/?p=18}}</ref>
*** ]
*** ]<ref>{{cite web|title=Inspired by CrunchBang Linux, and based on Raspbian. Features the Openbox desktop environment|url=http://www.pibanglinux.org/}}</ref>
*** Raspberry Pi ] Remix
*** ] (formerly ARMedslack)
*** QtonPi a ] ] based Linux distribution based on the ]
*** ]
**** ]<ref>{{cite web|title=Open WebOS on a Raspberry Pi!|url= http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/tag/open-webos}}</ref>
** ]<ref>{{cite web|title=9pi |url=http://9fans.net/archive/2012/08/129}}</ref><ref></ref>
** ]
** ]
*** ]<ref>{{cite web|title=FreeBSD – Raspberry Pi|url=http://kernelnomicon.org/?p=275}}</ref>
*** ]<ref>{{cite web|title=NetBSD – Raspberry Pi|url=http://mail-index.netbsd.org/port-arm/2012/07/13/msg001367.html}}</ref><ref name="h-online 2012">{{cite news|title=NetBSD 6.0 released with initial Raspberry Pi support|url=http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/NetBSD-6-0-released-with-initial-Raspberry-Pi-support-1731897.html|accessdate=18 October 2012|newspaper=The H|date=18 October 2012}}</ref>


== Vulnerability to flashes of light ==
* '''Multi-purpose light distributions:'''
In February 2015, a ] chip, designated U16, of the Raspberry Pi 2 Model B version 1.1 (the initially released version) was found to be vulnerable to flashes of light,<ref name="U16 forums">{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=28&t=99042 |title=Raspberry Pi Forums: Why is the PI2 camera-shy? |author=several authors |work=Raspberry Pi Forums |publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation |date=7–9 February 2015 |access-date=9 February 2015}}</ref> particularly the light from ] and green<ref name="U16 Hackaday">{{cite web |url=https://hackaday.com/2015/02/08/photonic-reset-of-the-raspberry-pi-2/ |title=Photonic Reset of the Raspberry Pi 2 |publisher=Hackaday |date=8 February 2015 |access-date=8 February 2015 |author=Benchoff, Brian}}</ref> and red ]s. The U16 chip has ] packaging, which exposes the bare silicon die. The Raspberry Pi Foundation blog recommended covering U16 with opaque material (such as ] or ]) or putting the Raspberry Pi 2 in a case.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Upton |first1=Liz |title=Xenon Death Flash: a free physics lesson |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/xenon-death-flash-a-free-physics-lesson/ |website=Raspberry Pi |access-date=18 January 2022 |date=9 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="U16 Hackaday" /> This issue was not discovered before the release of the Raspberry Pi 2 because it is not standard or common practice to test susceptibility to optical interference,<ref name="U16 forums" /> while commercial electronic devices are routinely subjected to tests of susceptibility to radio interference.
** , a light ARM HF distribution based on Debian. It uses Raspbian repository, but it fits in a 1&nbsp;GB SD card. It has just minimal services and its memory usage is optimized to keep a small footprint.
** ]
** Squeezed Arm Puppy, a version of ] (Puppi) for the ARMv6 (sap6) specifically for the Raspberry Pi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://puppylinux.org/wikka/Puppi |title=squeezed ARM puppi |publisher=Puppylinux.org |date=2012-09-24 |accessdate=2012-10-15}}</ref>


== Reception and use ==
* '''Single-purpose light distributions:'''
]
** ]
Technology writer ] described the project in May 2011 as a "potential {{nowrap|] 2.0}}", not by replacing {{nowrap|]}} machines but by supplementing them.<ref name="computerworlduk as british">{{cite web |url=https://blogs.computerworlduk.com/open-enterprise/2011/05/as-british-as-raspberry-pi |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130102155751/https://blogs.computerworlduk.com/open-enterprise/2011/05/as-british-as-raspberry-pi |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 January 2013 |title=As British as Raspberry Pi? |work=Computerworld UK Open Enterprise blog |date=9 May 2011 |access-date=2 February 2012 |first=Moody |last=Glyn |author-link=Glyn Moody }}</ref> In March 2012 Stephen Pritchard echoed the BBC Micro successor sentiment in ''ITPRO''.<ref name="itpro bbc 2012">{{cite news |url=https://www.itpro.co.uk/639292/raspberry-pi-a-bbc-micro-for-todays-generation |title=Raspberry Pi: A BBC Micro for today's generation |work=ITPRO |date=1 March 2012 |access-date=15 March 2012 |author=Pritchard, Stephen}}</ref> Alex Hope, co-author of the Next Gen report, is hopeful that the computer will engage children with the excitement of programming.<ref name="telegraph">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/video-games/8931387/Computing-classes-dont-teach-programming-skills.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/video-games/8931387/Computing-classes-dont-teach-programming-skills.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Computing classes don't teach programming skills |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=3 December 2011 |access-date=27 February 2012 |author=Stanford, Peter |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Co-author ] suggested that the ] could be involved in building support for the device, possibly branding it as the BBC Nano.<ref name="bbc classroom coders">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-16424990 |title=Raspberry Pi bids for success with classroom coders |work=BBC News|date=10 January 2012 |access-date=29 February 2012 |author=Vallance, Chris}}</ref> ] strongly supports the Raspberry Pi project, feeling that it could "usher in a new era".<ref name="computinghistory donated" /> Before release, the board was showcased by ] CEO ] at an event in Cambridge outlining Google's ideas to improve UK science and technology education.<ref name="cabume improve stem teaching">{{cite news |url=https://www.cabume.co.uk/the-cluster/how-google-can-really-help-improve-stem-teaching-in-the-uk.html |title=How Google can really help improve STEM teaching in the UK |work=Cabume |date=23 February 2012 |access-date=28 February 2012 |author=Osborn, George |archive-date=2 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302104327/http://www.cabume.co.uk/the-cluster/how-google-can-really-help-improve-stem-teaching-in-the-uk.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
** ]
** ]
** ]
** ]


Harry Fairhead, however, suggests that more emphasis should be put on improving the educational software available on existing hardware, using tools such as ] to return programming to schools, rather than adding new hardware choices.<ref name="Raspberry Pi or Programming">{{cite news |url=https://www.i-programmer.info/professional-programmer/i-programmer/3419-raspberry-pi-or-programming.html |title=Raspberry Pi or Programming – What shall we teach the children? |work=I Programmer |date=2 December 2011 |access-date=7 February 2012 |author=Fairhead, Harry}}</ref> Simon Rockman, writing in a '']'' blog, was of the opinion that teens will have "better things to do", despite what happened in the 1980s.<ref name="zdnet mid-life crisis">{{cite news |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/is-raspberry-pi-a-mid-life-crisis/ |title=Is Raspberry Pi a mid-life crisis? |publisher=] |date=21 February 2012 |access-date=24 February 2012 |author=Rockman, Simon |quote=Just because young teens led the way in computing in the 1980s doesn't mean it should, will or can happen again. Those outside the tech age bubble have better things to do.}}</ref>
=== User applications ===
The following is an abbreviated assortment of the kind of applications that can be easily installed on ] via ]:
*], the ] PBX can be used via ]s or ] ]s
*] client; however very few BOINC projects deliver ] client software packages...
*], a ] compatible ] ]
*] (new RPiForked-Daapd),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://elinux.org/RPiForked-Daapd|date=2012-09-18|work=]|accessdate=2013-03-23|title=Firefly Media Server}}</ref> an ] compatible ] ]


In October 2012, the Raspberry Pi won T3's Innovation of the Year award,<ref>{{cite web|title=Raspberry Pi – Innovation of the Year|url=https://awards.t3.com/categories/innovation-of-the-year/raspberry-pi|publisher=T3 Gadget Awards |access-date=9 October 2012}}</ref> and futurist ] cited a (borrowed) Raspberry Pi as the inspiration for his ] project MooresCloud.<ref>{{cite web |title=Showtime |date=5 October 2012 |url=https://blog.moorescloud.com/2012/10/05/showtime/ |website=Crowdfunding the Light |access-date=17 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509051353/https://blog.moorescloud.com/2012/10/05/showtime/ |archive-date=9 May 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In October 2012, the ] responded to the announcement of enhanced specifications by stating, "it's definitely something we'll want to sink our teeth into."<ref name="bcs 2012">{{cite web|title=Latest Raspberry Pi has double the RAM|url=https://www.bcs.org/content/conWebDoc/48492|work=BCS website|publisher=]|date=16 October 2012|access-date=18 October 2012|archive-date=14 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130414004501/http://www.bcs.org/content/conWebDoc/48492|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Build from sources:
*] (original mt-daapd),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pkgs.fedoraproject.org/repo/pkgs/mt-daapd|date=2008-02-26|work=]|accessdate=2013-03-15|title=Firefly Media Server}}</ref> an ] compatible ] ]


In June 2017, Raspberry Pi won the ] ].<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813143640/http://ingenia.org.uk/Ingenia/Articles/1107/ |date=13 August 2018 }} Ingenia, September 2017</ref> The citation for the award to the Raspberry Pi said it was "for its inexpensive credit card-sized microcomputers, which are redefining how people engage with computing, inspiring students to learn coding and computer science and providing innovative control solutions for industry."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.raeng.org.uk/news/news-releases/2017/june/the-coding-revolution-marches-on-raspberry-pi-wins/|title=The coding revolution marches on: Raspberry Pi wins UK's top engineering innovation prize|publisher=]|access-date=2 March 2022|archive-date=10 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310202955/https://www.raeng.org.uk/news/news-releases/2017/june/the-coding-revolution-marches-on-raspberry-pi-wins|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Accessories ==
The Foundation reported on its blog in May 2012 about a prototype ] they have tested. The prototype used a {{nowrap|14 ]}} module, while the released version will be 5 megapixels.


Clusters of hundreds of Raspberry Pis have been used for testing programs destined for supercomputers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/750-raspberry-pi-boards-supercomputing-testbed/|title=750 Raspberry Pi Boards Used To Create Supercomputer Testbed|date=28 November 2017|website=Digital Trends}}</ref>
On the 14th of May 2013 the foundation and the distributors RS Components & Premier Farnell/Element 14 launched the camera board with updated firmware to support the camera board. The camera board is shipped with a ] that plugs into the ] connector located between the Ethernet and HDMI ports. In Raspbian support can be enabled by the installing or upgrading to the latest version of the OS and then running Raspi-config and selecting the camera option. The cost of the camera module is ~ £20 in the UK.


=== Community ===
A number of Raspberry Pi specific peripheral devices and cases are available from third-party suppliers.<ref name="Yeomans">{{cite web|url=http://www.zdnet.com/raspberry-pi-cases-round-up-eight-inventive-holders-in-photos_p8-7000002343/#photo|title=Raspberry Pi cases round-up: Eight inventive holders in photos|last=Yeomans|first=Jon|date=2012-08-09|work=]|accessdate=9 August 2012}}</ref> These include the Raspberry Pi Foundation sanctioned Gertboard, which is designed for educational purposes, and expands the Raspberry Pi's GPIO pins to allow interface with and control of LEDs, switches, analog signals, sensors and other devices. It also includes an optional ] compatible controller to interface with the Pi.<ref name="Gertboard">{{cite web|url=http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1734|title=Gertboard is here!|date=2012-08-08|publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation|accessdate=9 August 2012}}</ref>
The Raspberry Pi community was described by Jamie Ayre of ] software company ] as one of the most exciting parts of the project.<ref name="computerweekly community 2012" /> Community blogger Russell Davis said that the community strength allows the Foundation to concentrate on documentation and teaching.<ref name="computerweekly community 2012" /> The community developed a ] around the platform called '']''<ref name="thedigitallifestyle dixon 2012">{{cite web|url=https://thedigitallifestyle.com/search//2012/05/06/the-magpi-raspberry-pi-online-magazine-launched/|title=The MagPi – Raspberry Pi online magazine launched|work=The Digital Lifestyle.com|date=6 May 2012 |access-date=16 September 2014}}</ref> which in 2015, was handed over to Raspberry Pi (Trading) Ltd by its volunteers to be continued in-house.<ref name="all change meet the new magpi">{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/all-change-meet-the-new-magpi/|title=All change – meet the new MagPi|work=Raspberry Pi|date=27 February 2015|access-date=15 March 2015|archive-date=12 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150312172339/http://www.raspberrypi.org/all-change-meet-the-new-magpi/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A series of community ''Raspberry Jam'' events have been held across the UK and around the world.<ref name="raspberry jam">{{cite web|title=Raspberry Jam|url=https://raspberrypi.org.uk/jam/|work=Raspberry Pi web|access-date=15 March 2015}}{{Dead link|date=June 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>


== Community == === Education ===
{{As of|January 2012}}, enquiries about the board in the United Kingdom have been received from schools in both the ] and ] sectors, with around five times as much interest from the latter. It is hoped that businesses will sponsor purchases for less advantaged schools.<ref name="guardian reboot computing" /> The CEO of ] said that the government of a country in the Middle East has expressed interest in providing a board to every schoolgirl, to enhance her employment prospects.<ref name="guardian 700-per-sec 2012">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/mar/05/raspberry-pi-demand |title=Raspberry Pi demand running at '700 per second' |work=] |date=5 March 2012 |access-date=12 March 2012 |author=Arthur, Charles |location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Raspberry Pi mini computer sells out after taking 700 orders per second|url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/raspberry-pi-mini-computer-sells-out-after-taking-700-orders-per-second/|access-date=9 June 2012|newspaper=Digital Trends}}</ref>
The Raspberry Pi community was described by Jamie Ayre of ] software company ] as one of the most exciting parts of the project.<ref name="computerweekly community 2012" /> Community blogger Russell Davis said that the community strength allows the Foundation to concentrate on documentation and teaching.<ref name="computerweekly community 2012" /> The community is developing ]s around the platform, such as '']''.<ref name="thedigitallifestyle dixon 2012">, The Digital Lifestyle.com</ref> A series of community ''Raspberry Jam'' events have been held across the UK<ref name="mjo parkin 2012">{{cite news|last=Parkin|first=Tony|title=Raspberry Pi-oneers – the making of #RaspberryJam|url=http://www.agent4change.net/events/event/1642-raspberry-pi-oneers-the-making-of-raspberryjam.html|accessdate=30 August 2012|newspaper=Merlin John Online|date=2 July 2012}}</ref> and further afield,<ref name="raspberryjam locations">{{cite web|title=#RaspberryJam Locations|url=http://raspberryjam.org.uk/raspberryjam-locations/|work=raspberryjam.org.uk website|accessdate=30 August 2012}}</ref> led by Alan O'Donohoe,<ref name="mjo parkin 2012" /><ref name="connecteddigitalworld edney 2012">{{cite news|last=Edney|first=Andrew|title=An afternoon at the Cambridge Raspberry Jam|url=http://connecteddigitalworld.com/2012/07/15/an-afternoon-at-the-cambridge-raspberry-jam/|accessdate=30 August 2012|newspaper=Connected Digital World|date=15 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="raspberryjam man">{{cite web|title=#RaspberryJam Man|url=http://raspberryjam.org.uk/raspberryjam-man/|work=raspberryjam.org.uk website|accessdate=30 August 2012}}</ref> principal teacher of ICT at ],<ref name="raspberryjam man" /><ref name="guardian odonohoe 2012">{{cite news|last=O'Donohoe|first=Alan|title=Computer science reboot|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/teacher-network/2012/jan/11/computer-science-response-to-gove|accessdate=30 August 2012|newspaper=Teacher Network blog|publisher=The Guardian|date=11 January 2012}}</ref> and a teacher-led community from RaspberryJam has started building an crowdsourced Scheme of Work.<ref name="#RPiSoW">{{cite web|title=#RPiSoW|url=https://docs.google.com/a/themeadschool.co.uk/document/d/1hvVG9eSONPSOYtvKvr6sYcBDr2TbS7k-mpyxISPTo9s/edit website|accessdate=2 October 2012}}</ref>


In 2014, the Raspberry Pi Foundation hired a number of its community members including ex-teachers and software developers to launch a set of free learning resources for its website.<ref name="welcome to our website">{{cite news |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/welcome-to-our-new-website/ |title=Welcome to our new website |publisher=] |date=2 April 2014 |access-date=15 March 2015 |author=Upton, Liz |location=Cambridge |archive-date=7 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407054317/http://www.raspberrypi.org/welcome-to-our-new-website/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Foundation also started a teacher training course called Picademy with the aim of helping teachers prepare for teaching the new computing curriculum using the Raspberry Pi in the classroom.<ref name="picademy free cpd for teachers">{{cite news |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/picademy-free-cpd-for-teachers/ |title=Picademy – free CPD for teachers |publisher=] |date=17 March 2014 |access-date=15 March 2015 |author=Philbin, Carrie Anne |location=Cambridge}}</ref>
== Reception and influence ==
Technology writer ] described the project in May 2011 as a "potential {{nowrap|] 2.0}}", not by replacing {{nowrap|]}} machines but by supplementing them.<ref name="computerworlduk as british">{{cite web | url=http://blogs.computerworlduk.com/open-enterprise/2011/05/as-british-as-raspberry-pi | title=As British as Raspberry Pi? | publisher=] | work=Computerworld UK Open Enterprise blog | date=9 May 2011 | accessdate=2 February 2012 | author=Moody Glyn | authorlink=Glyn Moody}}</ref> In March 2012 Stephen Pritchard echoed the "BBC Micro successor" sentiment in ''ITPRO''.<ref name="itpro bbc 2012">{{cite news | url=http://www.itpro.co.uk/639292/raspberry-pi-a-bbc-micro-for-todays-generation | title=Raspberry Pi: A BBC Micro for today's generation | work=ITPRO | date=1 March 2012 | accessdate=15 March 2012 | author=Pritchard, Stephen}}</ref> Alex Hope, co-author of the ], is hopeful that the computer will engage children with the excitement of programming.<ref name="telegraph ">{{cite news | url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/video-games/8931387/Computing-classes-dont-teach-programming-skills.html | title=Computing classes don't teach programming skills |work=The Daily Telegraph | date=3 December 2011 | accessdate=27 February 2012 | author=Stanford, Peter | location=London}}</ref> Co-author ] suggested that the ] could be involved in building support for the device, possibly branding it as the "BBC Nano".<ref name="bbc classroom coders">{{cite news | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-16424990 | title=Raspberry Pi bids for success with classroom coders |work=BBC News | date=10 January 2012 | accessdate=29 February 2012 | author=Vallance, Chris}}</ref> ], writing in ] sees the inclusion of programming languages such as ], ] and ] as a "good start" to equip kids with the skills needed in the future – although it remains to be seen how effective their use will be.<ref name="raspberrypi model names" /> ] strongly supports the Raspberry Pi project, feeling that it could "usher in a new era".<ref name="computinghistory donated" /> Before release, the board was showcased by ]'s CEO ] at an event in Cambridge outlining ]'s ideas to improve UK science and technology education.<ref name="cabume improve stem teaching">{{cite news | url=http://www.cabume.co.uk/the-cluster/how-google-can-really-help-improve-stem-teaching-in-the-uk.html | title=How Google can really help improve STEM teaching in the UK | work=Cabume | date=23 February 2012 | accessdate=28 February 2012 | author=Osborn, George}}</ref>


In 2018, ] launched the ''JPL Open Source Rover Project'', which is a scaled down version of ] and uses a Raspberry Pi as the control module, to encourage students and hobbyists to get involved in mechanical, software, electronics, and robotics engineering.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://github.com/nasa-jpl/open-source-rover|title=nasa-jpl/open-source-rover|website=GitHub|date=3 November 2021}}</ref>
Harry Fairhead, however, suggests that more emphasis should be put on improving the educational software available on existing hardware, using tools such as ] to return programming to schools, rather than adding new hardware choices.<ref name="Raspberry Pi or Programming">{{cite news | url=http://www.i-programmer.info/professional-programmer/i-programmer/3419-raspberry-pi-or-programming.html | title=Raspberry Pi or Programming – What shall we teach the children? | work=I Programmer | date=2 December 2011 | accessdate=7 February 2012 | author=Fairhead, Harry}}</ref> Simon Rockman, writing in a ] blog, was of the opinion that teens will have "better things to do", despite what happened in the 1980s.<ref name="zdnet mid-life crisis">{{cite web | url=http://www.zdnet.co.uk/blogs/fuss-free-phones-simon-rockman-10024919/is-raspberry-pi-a-mid-life-crisis-10025449/ | title=Is raspberry pi a mid-life crisis? | publisher=] | date=21 February 2012 | accessdate=24 February 2012 | author=Rockman, Simon | quote=Just because young teens led the way in computing in the 1980s doesn’t mean it should, will or can happen again. Those outside the tech age bubble have better things to do.}}</ref>


=== Home automation ===
Some open source projects criticized the lack of available hardware documentation (the FAQ on the Raspberry Pi website states that Broadcom does not release a full datasheet for the BCM2835), which would have made porting other operating systems to the Raspberry Pi easier.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mail-index.netbsd.org/port-arm/2012/07/04/msg001363.html|title=Raspberry Pi Hardware Donation}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://marc.info/?l=openbsd-misc&m=132788027403910&w=2|title=looking for hardware recommendations, x86 or otherwise.}}</ref>
There are a number of developers and applications that are using the Raspberry Pi for ]. These programmers are making an effort to modify the Raspberry Pi into a cost-affordable solution in energy monitoring and power consumption. Because of the relatively low cost of the Raspberry Pi, this has become a popular and economical alternative to the more expensive commercial solutions.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}


=== Industrial automation ===
In October 2012 the Raspberry Pi won T3's "Innovation of the Year" award,<ref>{{cite web|title=Raspberry Pi - Innovation of the Year|url=http://awards.t3.com/categories/innovation-of-the-year/raspberry-pi|publisher=T3 Gadget Awards|accessdate=9 October 2012}}</ref>
]
and futurist ] cited a (borrowed) Raspberry Pi as the inspiration for his ] project MooresCloud.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.moorescloud.com/2012/10/05/showtime/ |title=Showtime &#124; Crowdfunding the Light |publisher= |date=October 5, 2012 |accessdate=April 17, 2013}}</ref> In October 2012 the ] reacted to the announcement of enhanced specifications by stating, "it's definitely something we'll want to sink our teeth into."<ref name="bcs 2012">{{cite web|title=Latest Raspberry Pi has double the RAM|url=http://www.bcs.org/content/conWebDoc/48492|work=BCS website|publisher=]|date=16 October 2012|accessdate=18 October 2012}}</ref>
]
In June 2014, Polish industrial automation manufacturer TECHBASE released ModBerry, an industrial computer based on the Raspberry Pi Compute Module. The device has a number of interfaces, most notably RS-485/232 serial ports, digital and analogue inputs/outputs, CAN and economical 1-Wire buses, all of which are widely used in the automation industry. The design allows the use of the Compute Module in harsh industrial environments, leading to the conclusion that the Raspberry Pi is no longer limited to home and science projects, but can be widely used as an ] solution and achieve goals of ].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://linuxgizmos.com/automation-controller-taps-raspberry-pi-compute-module/ |title=Automation controller taps Raspberry Pi Compute Module|date=25 June 2014|work=LinuxGizmos.com|access-date=10 March 2017}}</ref>


In March 2018, SUSE announced commercial support for SUSE Linux Enterprise on the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B to support a number of undisclosed customers implementing industrial monitoring with the Raspberry Pi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.suse.com/c/small-server-big-companies-new-raspberry-pi-support-sles-arm/|title=A small server for big companies – New Raspberry Pi support in SLES for ARM|first=Jay|last=Kruemcke|date=26 March 2018|website=SUSE Communities|access-date=2 March 2022}}</ref>
== Use ==

{{As of|January 2012}}, enquiries about the board in the United Kingdom have been received from schools in both the ] and ] sectors, with around five times as much interest from the latter. It is hoped that businesses will sponsor purchases for less advantaged schools.<ref name="guardian reboot computing" /> The CEO of Premier Farnell said that the government of a country in the ] has expressed interest in providing a board to every schoolgirl, in order to enhance her employment prospects.<ref name="guardian 700-per-sec 2012">{{cite news | url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2012/mar/05/raspberry-pi-demand | title=Raspberry Pi demand running at '700 per second' |work=] | date=5 March 2012 | accessdate=12 March 2012 | author=Arthur, Charles | location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Raspberry Pi mini computer sells out after taking 700 orders per second|url=http://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/raspberry-pi-mini-computer-sells-out-after-taking-700-orders-per-second/|accessdate=9 June 2012|newspaper=Digital Trends}}</ref>
In January 2021, TECHBASE announced a Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 cluster for ], ] and ] use. The device contains one or more standard Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4s in an industrial ] housing, with some versions containing one or more ].<ref>{{cite web|title=ClusBerry 9500-CM4 – A Raspberry Pi CM4 cluster, industrial style|url=https://www.cnx-software.com/2021/01/18/clusberry-9500-cm4-a-raspberry-pi-cm4-cluster-industrial-style/|access-date=2021-01-27|website=www.cnx-software.com|date=18 January 2021}}</ref>

=== Commercial products ===
The Organelle is a portable synthesiser, a sampler, a sequencer, and an effects processor designed and assembled by Critter & Guitari. It incorporates a Raspberry Pi computer module running Linux.<ref>{{cite web |last1=O'Brien |first1=Terrence |title=The Organelle is a music computer that can do almost anything |url=https://www.engadget.com/2019-11-08-critter-and-guitari-organelle-music-computer-review-jack-of-all-trades.html |website=Engadget |date=8 November 2019 |access-date=12 December 2020}}</ref>

OTTO is a digital camera created by Next Thing Co. It incorporates a Raspberry Pi Compute Module. It was successfully crowd-funded in a May 2014 Kickstarter campaign.<ref>{{cite web|title=Meet OTTO – The Hackable GIF Camera|url=https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1598272670/meet-otto-the-hackable-gif-camera|website=Kickstarter|access-date=10 November 2016}}</ref>

Slice is a ] which also uses a Compute Module as its heart. It was crowd-funded in an August 2014 Kickstarter campaign. The software running on Slice is based on ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Slice : A media player and more by Five Ninjas|url=https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/fiveninjas/slice-a-media-player-and-more|website=Kickstarter|access-date=10 November 2016}}</ref>

Numerous commercial ] computer terminals use the Raspberry Pi.<ref>{{cite web |title=How good is the new Raspberry Pi 4 as a thin client? |date=8 July 2019 |url=https://www.citrix.com/blogs/2019/07/08/how-good-is-the-new-raspberry-pi-4-as-a-thin-client/ |publisher=Citrix Systems |access-date=27 March 2021}}</ref>

] is a telematics unit which is built on top of a Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 and incorporates the philosophy of which Raspberry Pi was built upon.<ref>{{cite web|title=The next-generation AutoPi Telematics Unit CM4|url=https://www.autopi.io/hardware/autopi-tmu-cm4/|website=AutoPi|access-date=20 December 2022}}</ref>

=== COVID-19 pandemic ===
During the ], demand increased primarily due to the increase in ], but also because of the use of many Raspberry Pi Zeros in ]s for ] patients in countries such as ],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/raspberry-pi-ventilators-covid-19-163729140.html|title=Raspberry Pi will power ventilators for COVID-19 patients|website=Engadget|date=13 April 2020 |language=en|access-date=2020-04-22}}</ref> which were used to combat strain on the healthcare system. In March 2020, Raspberry Pi sales reached 640,000 units, the second largest month of sales in the company's history.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.techrepublic.com/article/raspberry-pi-why-sales-have-rocketed-in-the-middle-of-the-coronavirus-outbreak/ |title=Raspberry Pi sales are rocketing in the middle of the coronavirus outbreak: Here's why | first=Owen | last=Hughes | website=] | date=April 17, 2020 }}</ref>

== Astro Pi and Proxima ==
A project was launched in December 2014 at an event held by the UK Space Agency. The Astro Pi was an augmented Raspberry Pi that included a sensor hat with a visible light or infrared camera. The Astro Pi competition, called Principia, was officially opened in January and was opened to all primary and secondary school aged children who were residents of the United Kingdom. During his mission, British ESA astronaut ] deployed the computers on board the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/watch-tim-peake-astro-pi-flight-units-in-space/|title=Watch Tim Peake with the Astro Pi flight units in space!|date=7 March 2016|publisher= Raspberry Pi Foundation}}</ref> He loaded the winning code while in orbit, collected the data generated and then sent this to Earth where it was distributed to the winning teams. Covered themes during the competition included spacecraft sensors, satellite imaging, space measurements, data fusion and space radiation.

The organisations involved in the Astro Pi competition include the ], UKspace, Raspberry Pi, ESERO-UK and ].

In 2017, the European Space Agency ran another competition open to all students in the European Union called Proxima. The winning programs were run on the ISS by Thomas Pesquet, a French astronaut.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://astro-pi.org/proxima/|title=Proxima – AstroPi!|publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation|access-date=1 March 2020|archive-date=1 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301013938/https://astro-pi.org/proxima/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In December 2021, the Dragon 2 spacecraft launched by NASA had a pair of Astro Pi in it.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Xavier|first=John|date=2022-01-03|title=Bridging the learning gap with a Pi|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/bridging-the-learning-gap-with-a-pi/article38097063.ece|access-date=2022-01-06|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== History ==
{{Prose|section|date=February 2015}}
]

The computer is inspired by Acorn's ] of 1981.<ref name="rpi_bbcsucc">{{cite web|title=Raspberry Pi • View topic – Raspberry Pi as the successor of BBC Micro |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=5118 |date=22 April 2012|access-date=12 June 2013 |publisher=raspberrypi.org |quote=The Foundation trustees tried very hard to get an agreement to use the BBC Micro name, right up to May 2011. /../ Eben touched on the subject a bit during his speech at the Beeb@30 celebration at the beginning of the month}}</ref><ref name="businessweekly blown 2012">{{cite news |url=https://www.businessweekly.co.uk/blog/cambridge-today-tony-quested/13664-raspberry-blown-at-cambridge-software-detractors |title=Raspberry blown at Cambridge software detractors |work=Business Weekly |date=29 February 2012 |access-date=13 March 2012 |author= Quested, Tony}}</ref> The Model A, Model B and Model B+ names are references to the original models of the British educational ] computer, developed by ].<ref name="raspberrypi model names">{{cite web |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/11/28/raspberry_pi/page3.html |title=Psst, kid... Wanna learn how to hack? |work=The Register |date=28 November 2011 |access-date=24 December 2011 |author=Williams, Chris}}</ref>

According to Upton, the name "Raspberry Pi" was chosen with "Raspberry" as an ode to a tradition of naming early computer companies after fruit, and "Pi" as a reference to the Python programming language.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.techspot.com/article/531-eben-upton-interview/|title=Interview with Raspberry's Founder Eben Upton|website=TechSpot|date=22 May 2012 |access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref>

In 2006, early concepts of the Raspberry Pi were based on the ] ]644 microcontroller. Its schematics and ] layout are publicly available.<ref name="ubergizmo build your own">{{cite web |url=https://www.ubergizmo.com/2011/10/build-raspberry-pi-minicomputer/ |title=Build your own prototype Raspberry Pi minicomputer |publisher=ubergizmo |date=24 October 2011 |access-date=2 November 2011 |author=Wong, George}}</ref> Foundation ] ] assembled a group of teachers, academics and computer enthusiasts to devise a computer to inspire children.<ref name="guardian reboot computing">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2012/jan/09/raspberry-pi-computer-revolutionise-computing-schools?newsfeed=true |title=Raspberry Pi device will 'reboot computing in schools' |work=The Guardian |date=9 January 2012 |access-date=20 January 2012 |author=Moorhead, Joanna |location=London}}</ref>

The first ARM prototype version of the computer was mounted in a package the same size as a ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tomshardware.com/news/Raspberry-Pi-David-Braben-Ubuntu-9-OLPC-Railroad-Tycoon,12709.html|title=Tiny USB-Sized PC Offers 1080p HDMI Output|date=6 May 2011|access-date=1 February 2012}}</ref> It had a USB port on one end and an ] port on the other.

The Foundation's goal was to offer two versions, priced at US$25 and $35. They started accepting orders for the higher priced Model B on 29 February 2012,<ref name= lawler>Richard Lawler, 29 February 2012, , ''Engadget''</ref> the lower cost Model A on 4 February 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/3215|title=launch of the model A announced|date=4 February 2013|access-date=16 September 2014|archive-date=9 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209164607/http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/3215|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the even lower cost (US$20) A+ on 10 November 2014.<ref name="A-Plus-Announcement"/> On 26 November 2015, the cheapest Raspberry Pi yet, the Raspberry Pi Zero, was launched at US$5 or £4.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://swag.raspberrypi.org/collections/pi-zero/products/pi-zero |title=Raspberry Pi Zero, at swag store |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208235627/https://swag.raspberrypi.org/collections/pi-zero/products/pi-zero |archive-date=8 February 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Pre-launch ===
* July 2011 – Trustee ] publicly approached the ] community in July 2011 to inquire about assistance with a port.<ref name="riscosopen eben 2011">{{cite web |url=https://www.riscosopen.org/forum/forums/1/topics/632#posts-8012 |title=Yet another potential RISC OS target? |publisher=] |date=23 July 2011 |access-date=12 March 2012 |author=Upton, Eben}}</ref> Adrian Lees at Broadcom has since worked on the port,<ref name="riscoscode 2011">{{cite web |url=https://www.riscoscode.com/Pages/Item0113.html |title=Raspberry Pi To Embrace RISC OS |work=RISCOScode |date=31 October 2011 |access-date=12 March 2012 |author=Hansen, Martin |archive-date=8 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308150401/http://www.riscoscode.com/Pages/Item0113.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="riscosopen 2011">{{cite web |url=https://www.riscosopen.org/forum/forums/5/topics/783?page=8#posts-10565 |title=RISC OS on the Raspberry Pi |publisher=] |date=8 February 2012 |access-date=12 March 2012 |author=Lees, Adrian}}</ref> with his work being cited in a discussion regarding the graphics drivers.<ref name="raspberrypi blob broadcom engineer">{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=63&t=1942 |title=GPU binary blob question |publisher=Raspberry Pi |date=29 December 2011 |access-date=12 March 2012 |author=JamesH}}</ref> This port is now included in NOOBS.
* August 2011 – 50 alpha boards are manufactured. These boards were functionally identical to the planned Model B,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geek.com/articles/chips/raspberry-pi-25-pc-goes-into-alpha-production-20110728|title=Raspberry Pi $25 PC goes into alpha production|date=28 July 2011|first=Matthew|last=Humphries|publisher=Geek.com|access-date=1 August 2011|archive-date=2 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102112319/https://www.geek.com/articles/chips/raspberry-pi-25-pc-goes-into-alpha-production-20110728/|url-status=dead}}</ref> but they were physically larger to accommodate debug headers. Demonstrations of the board showed it running the ] desktop on Debian, '']'' at ],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_mDuJuvZjI&list=UUhmozgJ0cqX8Gx7676ZQ4ig&feature=plcp|title=Raspberry Pi YouTube Channel|website=]|date=27 August 2011 |access-date=28 August 2011}}</ref> and ] ] video over HDMI.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TgR74Kp6Ws4|title=Full HD video demo at TransferSummit Oxford|website=]|date=7 September 2011 |access-date=12 September 2011}}</ref>
* October 2011 – A version of {{nowraplinks|] 5}} was demonstrated in public, and following a year of development the port was released for general consumption in November 2012.<ref name="osnews risc os">{{cite web |url= https://www.osnews.com/story/25276/Raspberry_Pi_To_Embrace_RISC_OS |title=Raspberry Pi To Embrace RISC OS |work=] |date=31 October 2011 |access-date=1 November 2011 |author=Holwerda, Thom}}</ref><ref name="archive london show 2011">{{cite news |title=The London show 2011 |work=] |date=December 2011 |author=Dewhurst, Christopher |volume=23 |issue=3 |page=3}}</ref><ref name="iconbar newsround">{{cite web |url=https://www.iconbar.com/articles/Newsround/index1271.html |title=Newsround |work=] |access-date=17 October 2011 |author=Lee, Jeffrey}}</ref><ref name="RaspbettyP RISC OS">{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/2338 |title=RISC OS for Raspberry Pi |access-date=12 November 2012 |author=eben |date=5 November 2012 |archive-date=9 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109150236/http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/2338 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* December 2011 – Twenty-five Model B Beta boards were assembled and tested<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=63&t=2868|title=What happened to the beta boards?|access-date=16 September 2014}}</ref> from one hundred unpopulated PCBs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/389|title=We have PCBs!|date=December 2011|access-date=16 September 2014|archive-date=19 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219025045/http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/389|url-status=dead}}</ref> The component layout of the Beta boards was the same as on production boards. A single error was discovered in the board design where some pins on the CPU were not ]; it was fixed for the first production run.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/470|title=More on the beta boards|access-date=16 September 2014|archive-date=1 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140401171009/http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/470|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Beta boards were demonstrated booting Linux, playing a 1080p movie trailer and the ] Samurai ] benchmark.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/431|title=Bringing up a beta board|access-date=16 September 2014|archive-date=22 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122091052/http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/431|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Early 2012 – During the first week of the year, the first 10 boards were put up for auction on ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/482 |title=We're auctioning ten beta Raspberry Pi's; |publisher=Raspberrypi.org |date=31 December 2011 |access-date=6 May 2012 |archive-date=11 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511011000/http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/482 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="theregister yours for just">{{cite news |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/01/03/raspberry_pi_auction/ |title=That Brit-built £22 computer: Yours for just £1,900 or more |work=] |date=3 January 2012 |access-date=10 January 2012 |author=Williams, Chris}}</ref> One was bought anonymously and donated to the museum at ] in Cambridge, England.<ref name="computinghistory donated">{{cite web |url=https://www.computinghistory.org.uk/news/16944/ |title=One of the First Raspberry Pi Computers Donated to Museum |publisher=] |date=9 January 2012 |access-date=28 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="techweekeurope production">{{cite news |url=https://www.techweekeurope.co.uk/news/raspberry-pi-goes-into-production-53652 |title=Raspberry Pi Goes into Production |work=TechWeekEurope UK |date=11 January 2012 |access-date=11 January 2012 |author=Cheerin, Iris}}</ref> The ten boards (with a total retail price of £220) together raised over £16,000,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ebay.co.uk/csc/raspberry_pi/m.html?LH_Complete=1&_ipg=50&_since=15&_sop=13&_rdc=1 |title=eBay list of items sold by Raspberry Pi ''(retrieved 13 January 2012)'' |publisher=Ebay.co.uk |access-date=6 May 2012}}</ref> with the last to be auctioned, serial number No. 01, raising £3,500.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/Raspberry-Pi-Model-B-beta-board-01-limited-series-10-/180786868894?pt=LH_DefaultDomain_3&hash=item2a17bcb29e |title=Raspberry Pi Model B beta board – No. 01 of a limited series of 10 |publisher=Ebay.co.uk |date=11 January 2012 |access-date=6 May 2012}}</ref> In advance of the anticipated launch at the end of February 2012, the Foundation's servers struggled to cope with the load placed by watchers repeatedly refreshing their browsers.<ref name="cabume early wednesday launch">{{cite news |url= https://www.cabume.co.uk/the-cluster/qset-your-alarmsq-raspberry-pi-looks-ready-for-early-wednesday-launch.html |title= "Set your alarms!" – Raspberry Pi looks ready for early Wednesday launch |work= Cabume |date= 28 February 2012 |access-date= 28 February 2012 |archive-date= 1 March 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120301154403/http://www.cabume.co.uk/the-cluster/qset-your-alarmsq-raspberry-pi-looks-ready-for-early-wednesday-launch.html |url-status= dead }}</ref>

=== Launch ===
* 19 February 2012 – The first proof of concept SD card image that could be loaded onto an SD card to produce a preliminary operating system is released. The image was based on ] 6.0 (Squeeze), with the ] desktop and the ], plus various programming tools. The image also runs on ] allowing the Raspberry Pi to be emulated on various other platforms.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.linuxnewshere.com/index.php/raspberry-pi-releases-1st-sd-card-image-debian |title=linuxnews showing the first release of Debian Squeeze for Raspberry running on QEMU |publisher=Linuxnewshere.com |access-date=22 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402160328/https://www.linuxnewshere.com/index.php/raspberry-pi-releases-1st-sd-card-image-debian |archive-date=2 April 2012}}</ref><ref name="POC-image">{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/645 |title=Getting ready for launch: first root filesystem available for download |publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation |date=17 February 2012 |access-date=16 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220040851/https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/645 |archive-date=20 February 2012}}</ref>
* 29 February 2012 – Initial sales commence 29 February 2012<ref name="bbc on sale">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-17190918 |title=The Raspberry Pi £22 computer goes on general sale |work=BBC News|date=29 February 2012 |access-date=29 February 2012}}</ref> at 06:00 UTC;. At the same time, it was announced that the model A, originally to have had 128&nbsp;MB of RAM, was to be upgraded to 256&nbsp;MB before release.<ref name=lawler/> The Foundation's website also announced: "Six years after the project's inception, we're nearly at the end of our first run of development – although it's just the beginning of the Raspberry Pi story."<ref name="thehindu 2012">{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/article2954870.ece |title=Low-cost mini-PC Raspberry Pi gets heavily booked |work=The Hindu |date=2 March 2012 |access-date=12 March 2012 |author=Subramanian, Karthik |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> The ] of the two licensed manufacturers selling Raspberry Pi's within the United Kingdom, ] and ], had their websites stalled by heavy web traffic immediately after the launch (RS Components briefly going down completely).<ref name="arstechnica retailers toppled">{{cite news |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/news/2012/02/raspberry-pi-retailers-toppled-by-demand-as-35-linux-computer-launches.ars |title=Raspberry Pi retailers toppled by demand as $35 Linux computer launches |work=] |date=29 February 2012 |access-date=29 February 2012 |author=Paul, Ryan}}</ref><ref name="guardian with program 2012">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/mar/04/raspberry-pi-schools-computer-science |title=The Raspberry Pi can help schools get with the programme |work=The Observer |date=4 March 2012 |access-date=12 March 2012 |author=Naughton, John |location=London}}</ref> Unconfirmed reports suggested that there were over two million expressions of interest or pre-orders.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://elinux.org/RPi_Buying_Guide#Q:_Couldn.27t_this_have_been_handled_better.2C_I_couldn.27t_get_on_the_site_to_order_and_they_sold_too_quickly.3F |title=Raspberry Pi Buying Guide |publisher=Elinux.org |access-date=6 May 2012}}</ref> The official Raspberry Pi Twitter account reported that Premier Farnell sold out within a few minutes of the initial launch, while RS Components took over 100,000 pre orders on day one.<ref name=lawler/> Manufacturers were reported in March 2012 to be taking a "healthy number" of pre-orders.<ref name="computerweekly community 2012">{{cite news |url=https://www.computerweekly.com/blogs/open-source-insider/2012/03/community-strength-blossoms-for-raspberry-pi.html |title=Community strength blossoms for Raspberry Pi |work=] |date=15 March 2012 |access-date=15 March 2012 |author=Bridgwater, Adrian}}</ref>
* March 2012 – Shipping delays for the first batch were announced in March 2012, as the result of installation of an incorrect Ethernet port,<ref name="raspberrypi hiccup 2012">{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/781 |title=Manufacturing hiccup |publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation |date=8 March 2012 |access-date=19 March 2012 |author=Upton, Liz |archive-date=23 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323153535/http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/781 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="ibtimes hiccup 2012">{{cite news |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/articles/311738/20120309/raspberry-pi-delayed.htm |title=Raspberry Pi £22 Computer Delayed Due to 'Manufacturing Hiccup' |work=] |date=9 March 2012 |access-date=19 March 2012 |author=Gilbert, David}}</ref> but the Foundation expected that manufacturing quantities of future batches could be increased with little difficulty if required.<ref name="ibtimes upton interview 2012">{{cite news |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/articles/313480/20120313/eben-upton-raspberry-pi-founder-interview.htm |title=Interview with Eben Upton – Raspberry Pi Founder |work=] |date=13 March 2012 |access-date=19 March 2012 |author=Gilbert, David}}</ref> "We have ensured we can get them in large numbers and Premier Farnell and RS Components have been fantastic at helping to source components," Upton said. The first batch of 10,000 boards was manufactured in Taiwan and China.<ref name="tax-news.com balks">{{cite news |url=https://www.tax-news.com/news/Raspberry_Pi_Balks_At_UK_Tax_Regime____53494.html |title=Raspberry Pi Balks at UK Tax Regime |work=Tax-News.com |date=17 January 2012 |access-date=20 January 2012 |author=Lee, Robert |archive-date=8 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308000549/http://tax-news.com/news/Raspberry_Pi_Balks_At_UK_Tax_Regime____53494.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="civilsociety manufacture abroad">{{cite news |url=https://www.civilsociety.co.uk/finance/news/content/11318/uk_computing_charity_manufacturing_product_abroad |title=UK computing charity opts to manufacture product abroad |access-date=20 January 2012 |author=Weakley, Kirsty |publisher=Civil Society Media}}</ref>
* 8 March 2012 – Release Raspberry Pi Fedora Remix, the recommended Linux distribution,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/805 |title=Raspberry Pi Fedora Remix, our recommended distro, is ready for download! |publisher=Raspberrypi.org |date=8 March 2012 |access-date=22 June 2012 |archive-date=15 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615012959/http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/805 |url-status=dead }}</ref> developed at ] in Canada.<ref name="cbc">{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/35-computer-raspberry-pi-readies-for-launch-1.1181342 |title=$35 computer 'Raspberry Pi' readies for launch |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |location=Canada |date=24 February 2012 |access-date=28 February 2012 |author=Chung, Emily}}</ref>
* March 2012 – The Debian port is initiated by Mike Thompson, former CTO of ]. The effort was largely carried out by Thompson and Peter Green, a volunteer Debian developer, with some support from the Foundation, who tested the resulting binaries that the two produced during the early stages (neither Thompson nor Green had physical access to the hardware, as boards were not widely accessible at the time due to demand).<ref name="ars-volunteers">{{cite web
|url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/03/how-two-volunteers-built-the-raspberry-pis-operating-system/
|title=How two volunteers built the Raspberry Pi's operating system
|last1=Brodkin
|first1=Jon
|date=6 March 2013
|website=Ars Technica
|series=Technology Lab / Information Technology
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526080805/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/03/how-two-volunteers-built-the-raspberry-pis-operating-system/
|archive-date=26 May 2013
|url-status=live
|access-date=17 July 2012}}</ref> While the preliminary ] image distributed by the Foundation before launch was also Debian-based, it differed from Thompson and Green's Raspbian effort in a couple of ways. The POC image was based on then-] ], while Raspbian aimed to track then-upcoming ] packages.<ref name="POC-image"/> Aside from the updated packages that would come with the new release, Wheezy was also set to introduce the armhf architecture,<ref name="armhf">{{cite web
|url=https://wiki.debian.org/ArmHardFloatPort
|title=ArmHardFloatPort
|date=20 August 2012
|website=Debian Wiki
|publisher=Debian
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521001958/https://wiki.debian.org/ArmHardFloatPort
|archive-date=21 May 2013
|url-status=live
|access-date=17 July 2012}}</ref> which became the '']'' for the Raspbian effort. The Squeeze-based POC image was limited to the armel architecture, which was, at the time of Squeeze's release, the latest attempt by the Debian project to have Debian run on the newest ARM ] (EABI).<ref name="armel">{{cite web
|url=https://wiki.debian.org/ArmEabiPort
|title=ArmEabiPort
|date=28 June 2013
|website=Debian Wiki
|publisher=Debian
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515012158/https://wiki.debian.org/ArmEabiPort
|archive-date=15 May 2013
|url-status=live
|access-date=17 July 2012}}</ref> The ] architecture in Wheezy intended to make Debian run on the ARM ] hardware ], while armel was limited to emulating floating point operations in software.<ref name="connors-arm">{{cite web
|url=https://blogs.oracle.com/jtc/entry/is_it_armhf_or_armel
|title=Is it armhf or armel?
|last1=Connors
|first1=Jim
|date=16 March 2013
|website=Jim Connors' Weblog
|publisher=Oracle Blogs
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509055247/https://blogs.oracle.com/jtc/entry/is_it_armhf_or_armel
|archive-date=9 May 2013
|url-status=live
|access-date=17 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="vfp">{{cite web
|url=https://wiki.debian.org/ArmHardFloatPort/VfpComparison
|title=ArmHardFloatPort VfpComparison
|date=27 April 2011
|website=Debian Wiki
|publisher=Debian
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201051458/https://wiki.debian.org/ArmHardFloatPort/VfpComparison
|archive-date=1 February 2013
|url-status=live
|access-date=17 July 2012}}</ref> Since the Raspberry Pi included a VFP, being able to make use of the hardware unit would result in performance gains and reduced power use for floating point operations.<ref name="ars-volunteers"/> The armhf effort in mainline Debian, however, was orthogonal to the work surrounding the Pi and only intended to allow Debian to run on ARMv7 at a minimum, which would mean the Pi, an ARMv6 device, would not benefit.<ref name="armhf"/> As a result, Thompson and Green set out to build the 19,000 Debian packages for the device using a custom ] ].<ref name="ars-volunteers"/>

=== Post-launch ===
* 16 April 2012 – Reports emerge from the first buyers who had received their Raspberry Pi.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/general-discussion/delivery |title=the first reports of forum members reporting they received their Raspberry Pi |publisher=Raspberrypi.org |date=16 April 2012 |access-date=6 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418222146/https://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/general-discussion/delivery |archive-date=18 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/04/16/raspberry-pi-begins-shipping/ |title=Raspberry Pi boards begin shipping today (video) |work=Engadget |date=16 April 2012 |access-date= 6 May 2012}}</ref>
* 20 April 2012 – The schematics for the Model A and Model B are released.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1090 |title=schematic design, applicable for both version A and B of the Raspberry Pi revision 1.0 |publisher=Raspberrypi.org |date=19 April 2012 |access-date=6 May 2012 |archive-date=3 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503230446/http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1090 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 18 May 2012 – The Foundation reported on its blog about a prototype ] they had tested.<ref>{{cite web|title=CAMERA MODULE – FIRST PICTURES!|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/camera-module-first-pictures/|access-date=9 August 2014|archive-date=8 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808035949/http://www.raspberrypi.org/camera-module-first-pictures/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The prototype used a {{nowrap|14-]}} module.
* 22 May 2012 – Over 20,000 units had been shipped.<ref name="rastrack">{{cite web |url= https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1298 |title= Add your Raspberry Pi to the Rastrack map |publisher= Raspberrypi.org |date= 22 May 2012 |access-date= 14 June 2012 |archive-date= 14 June 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120614033306/http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1298 |url-status= dead }}</ref>
* July 2012 – Release of Raspbian.<ref name="physorg owano 2012">{{cite news|last=Owano|first=Nancy|title=Raspberry Pi gets customized OS called Raspbian|url=https://phys.org/news/2012-07-raspberry-pi-customized-os-raspbian.html|access-date=5 September 2012|newspaper=]|date=18 July 2012}}</ref>
* 16 July 2012 – It was announced that 4,000 units were being manufactured per day, allowing Raspberry Pis to be purchased in bulk.<ref name=electronista>{{cite news|title=Raspberry Pi lifts sale restrictions, open to bulk buyers|url=https://www.electronista.com/articles/12/07/16/rs.farnell.manufacturing.4000.raspberry.pis.per.day/|access-date=29 August 2012|newspaper=Electronista|publisher=Macintosh News Network|date=16 July 2012|archive-date=17 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120817072954/http://www.electronista.com/articles/12/07/16/rs.farnell.manufacturing.4000.raspberry.pis.per.day/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1588 |title= Want to buy more than one Raspberry Pi? Now you can! |publisher= Raspberrypi.org |date= 16 July 2012 |access-date= 16 July 2012 |archive-date= 19 July 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120719082250/http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1588 |url-status= dead }}</ref>
* 24 August 2012 – Hardware accelerated video (]) encoding becomes available after it became known that the existing licence also covered encoding. Formerly it was thought that encoding would be added with the release of the announced camera module.<!--it=Pi+Cam or only separate Cam module?--><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=2886 |publisher=raspberrypi.org |title=Hardware-assisted H.264 video encoding |date=7 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jurczak |first=Paul |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=43&t=6120 |title=Raspberry Pi camera module |publisher=Raspberrypi.org |access-date=15 October 2012}}</ref> However, no stable software exists for hardware H.264 encoding.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/3936/what-speed-can-i-expect-from-the-hardware-h264-encoding|title=performance – What speed can I expect from the hardware-H264-encoding?|website=Raspberry Pi Stack Exchange}}</ref> At the same time the Foundation released two additional codecs that can be bought separately, ] and Microsoft's ]. Also it was announced that the Pi will implement ], enabling it to be controlled with the television's remote control.<ref name="rpi-codec">{{cite web
|title = New video features! MPEG-2 and VC-1 decode, H.264 encode, CEC
|publisher = Raspberry Pi Foundation
|url = https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1839
|access-date = 26 August 2012
|archive-date = 25 August 2012
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120825201206/http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1839
|url-status = dead
}}</ref>
* 5 September 2012 – The Foundation announced a second revision of the Raspberry Pi Model B.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1929 |title= Upcoming board revision |publisher= Raspberrypi.org |date= 6 September 2012 |access-date= 5 September 2012 |archive-date= 7 September 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120907204413/http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1929 |url-status= dead }}</ref> A revision 2.0 board is announced, with a number of minor corrections and improvements.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1929 |title=board revision for rev 2.0 |publisher=Raspberrypi.org |date=5 September 2012 |access-date=15 October 2012 |archive-date=14 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014132801/http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1929 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 6 September 2012 – Announcement that in future the bulk of Raspberry Pi units would be manufactured in the UK, at ]'s manufacturing facility in ], Wales. The Foundation estimated that the plant would produce 30,000 units per month, and would create about 30 new jobs.<ref name="computerworlduk dunn 2012">{{cite news|last=Dunn|first=John E|title=Raspberry Pi resurrects UK computer industry with new jobs|url=https://www.computerworlduk.com/news/open-source/3379912/raspberry-pi-resurrests-uk-computer-industry-with-new-jobs/|access-date=13 September 2012|newspaper=]|date=7 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1925 |title= Made in the UK! |publisher= Raspberrypi.org |date= 6 September 2012 |access-date= 6 September 2012 |archive-date= 7 September 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120907204251/http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1925 |url-status= dead }}</ref>
* 15 October 2012 – It is announced that new Raspberry Pi Model Bs are to be fitted with 512&nbsp;MB instead of 256&nbsp;MB RAM.<ref name="512 MB">{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/2180|title=Model B now ships with 512 MB of RAM|publisher=Raspberrypi.org|access-date=15 October 2012|archive-date=16 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016212754/http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/2180|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 24 October 2012 – The Foundation announces that "all of the VideoCore driver code which runs on the ARM" had been released as ] under a ], making it "the first ARM-based multimedia ] with {{Sic|hide=y|fully|-}}functional, vendor-provided (as opposed to partial, ]) fully ] drivers", although this claim has not been universally accepted.<ref name="ARMuserland">{{cite web|title=Raspberry Pi maker says code for ARM chip is now open source|url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/10/all-code-on-raspberry-pis-arm-chip-now-open-source/|work=Ars Technica|date=24 October 2012|access-date=3 November 2012}}</ref> On 28 February 2014, they also announced the release of full documentation for the VideoCore IV graphics core, and a complete source release of the graphics stack under a 3-clause BSD licence<ref name=2thbirthday/><ref name="openvideocore"/>
* October 2012 – It was reported that some customers of one of the two main distributors had been waiting more than six months for their orders. This was reported to be due to difficulties in sourcing the CPU and conservative sales forecasting by this distributor.<ref name="zdnet shead 2012">{{cite news |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/raspberry-pi-delivery-delays-leave-buyers-hungry-and-angry/ |title=Raspberry Pi delivery delays leave buyers hungry (and angry) |publisher=] |date=18 October 2012 |access-date=18 October 2012 |author=Shead, Sam}}</ref>
* 17 December 2012 – The Foundation, in collaboration with IndieCity and Velocix, opens the Pi Store, as a "one-stop shop for all your Raspberry Pi (software) needs". Using an application included in ], users can browse through several categories and download what they want. Software can also be uploaded for moderation and release.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/2768 |title=Introducing the Pi Store |publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation |date=17 December 2012 |access-date=12 February 2022 |archive-date=14 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214054618/http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/2768 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 3 June 2013 – "New Out of Box Software" or NOOBS is introduced. This makes the Raspberry Pi easier to use by simplifying the installation of an operating system. Instead of using specific software to prepare an SD card, a file is unzipped and the contents copied over to a FAT formatted (4&nbsp;GB or bigger) SD card. That card can then be booted on the Raspberry Pi and a choice of six operating systems is presented for installation on the card. The system also contains a recovery partition that allows for the quick restoration of the installed OS, tools to modify the config.txt and an online help button and web browser which directs to the Raspberry Pi Forums.<ref name="noobs">{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/4100 |title=Introducing the New Out of Box Software (NOOBS) |publisher=RPF |date=3 June 2013 |access-date=4 June 2013 |author=Upton, Liz |archive-date=7 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607181611/http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/4100 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* October 2013 – Raspberry Pi announces that the one millionth Pi had been manufactured in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-24435809 |title=Baked in Britain, the millionth Raspberry Pi |work=BBC News |date=7 October 2013 |access-date=8 October 2013}}</ref>
* November 2013: they announce that the two millionth Pi shipped between 24 and 31 October.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/5265 |title=Two Million! |access-date=18 November 2013 |archive-date=17 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131117180334/http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/5265 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 28 February 2014 – On the day of the second anniversary of the Raspberry Pi, Broadcom, together with Raspberry Pi, announced the release of full documentation for the VideoCore IV graphics core,{{clarify|date=May 2014}} and a complete source release of the graphics stack under a 3-clause BSD licence.<ref name=2thbirthday>
{{cite web
|last1=Brodkin
|first1=Jon
|title=Raspberry Pi marks 2nd birthday with plan for open source graphics driver
|url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2014/02/raspberry-pi-marks-2nd-birthday-with-plan-for-open-source-graphics-driver/
|website=]
|access-date=27 July 2014
|date=28 February 2014
}}</ref><ref name="openvideocore">{{cite web
|last1=Upton
|first1=Eben
|title=A birthday present from Broadcom
|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/a-birthday-present-from-broadcom/
|publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation
|access-date=27 July 2014
|date=28 February 2014
|archive-date=27 July 2014
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727083800/http://www.raspberrypi.org/a-birthday-present-from-broadcom/
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>
{{Anchor|Compute module}}
]
]
]
* 7 April 2014 – The official Raspberry Pi blog announced the Raspberry Pi Compute Module, a device in a 200-pin DDR2 ]-configured memory module (though not in any way compatible with such RAM), intended for consumer electronics designers to use as the core of their own products.<ref name="CM-Announcement" />
* June 2014 – The official Raspberry Pi blog mentioned that the three millionth Pi shipped in early May 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/raspberry-pi-at-buckingham-palace-3-million-sold/ |title=RASPBERRY PI AT BUCKINGHAM PALACE, 3 MILLION SOLD |access-date=22 June 2014 |archive-date=20 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620051739/http://www.raspberrypi.org/raspberry-pi-at-buckingham-palace-3-million-sold/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 14 July 2014 – The official Raspberry Pi blog announced the Raspberry Pi Model B+, "the final evolution of the original Raspberry Pi. For the same price as the original Raspberry Pi model B, but incorporating numerous small improvements people have been asking for".<ref name=B-Plus-Announcement />
* 10 November 2014 – The official Raspberry Pi blog announced the Raspberry Pi Model A+.<ref name="A-Plus-Announcement"/> It is the smallest and cheapest (US$20) Raspberry Pi so far and has the same processor and RAM as the Model A. Like the A, it has no Ethernet port, and only one USB port, but does have the other innovations of the B+, like lower power, micro-SD-card slot, and 40-pin HAT compatible GPIO.
* 2 February 2015 – The official Raspberry Pi blog announced the Raspberry Pi 2. Looking like a Model B+, it has a 900&nbsp;MHz quad-core ARMv7 Cortex-A7 CPU, twice the memory (for a total of 1&nbsp;GB) and complete compatibility with the original generation of Raspberry Pis.<ref>{{cite web |title=Raspberry Pi 2 on sale now at $35 Raspberry Pi |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/raspberry-pi-2-on-sale |access-date=3 February 2015 |archive-date=2 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202104347/http://www.raspberrypi.org/raspberry-pi-2-on-sale/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 14 May 2015 – The price of Model B+ was decreased from US$35 to $25, purportedly as a "side effect of the production optimizations" from the Pi 2 development.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/price-cut-raspberry-pi-model-b-now-only-25/|title=Price cut! Raspberry Pi Model B+ now only $25|date=14 May 2015|access-date=19 May 2015|archive-date=20 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520133708/https://www.raspberrypi.org/price-cut-raspberry-pi-model-b-now-only-25/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Industry observers have sceptically noted, however, that the price drop appeared to be a direct response to the ], a lower-priced competitor discontinued in April 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.itpro.co.uk/desktop-hardware/24587/raspberry-pi-slashes-price-after-rival-launches-on-kickstarter|title=Raspberry Pi slashes price after rival launches on Kickstarter|date=18 May 2015|access-date=19 May 2015}}</ref>
* 29 September 2015 – A new version of the Raspbian operating system, based on ], is released.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Long |first1=Simon |title=Raspbian Jessie is here |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/raspbian-jessie-is-here/ |website=Raspberry Pi |access-date=14 November 2021 |date=29 September 2015}}</ref>
* 26 November 2015 – Raspberry Pi launched the Raspberry Pi Zero, the smallest and cheapest member of the Raspberry Pi family yet, at 65&nbsp;mm × 30&nbsp;mm, and US$5. The Zero is similar to the Model A+ without camera and LCD connectors, while smaller and uses less power. It was given away with the Raspberry Pi magazine Magpi No. 40 that was distributed in the UK and US that day{{snd}} the MagPi was sold out at almost every retailer internationally due to the freebie.<ref name="Zero-Announcement"/>
* 29 February 2016 – Raspberry Pi 3 with a BCM2837 1.2&nbsp;GHz 64-bit quad processor based on the ARMv8 Cortex-A53, with built-in Wi-Fi BCM43438 802.11n 2.4&nbsp;GHz and Bluetooth 4.1 Low Energy (BLE). Starting with a 32-bit Raspbian version, with a 64-bit version later to come if "there is value in moving to 64-bit mode". In the same announcement it was said that a new BCM2837 based Compute Module was expected to be introduced a few months later.<ref name="Pi3OnSale"/>
* February 2016 – Raspberry Pi announces that they had sold eight million devices (for all models combined), making it the best-selling UK personal computer, ahead of the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/feb/29/raspberry-pi-3-launch-computer-uk-bestselling|title=Raspberry Pi 3: the credit card-sized 1.2 GHz PC that costs $35|first=Alex|last=Hern|work=The Guardian|date=29 February 2016}}</ref><ref name="Pi3OnSale"/> Sales reached ten million in September 2016.<ref name="1000x">{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/ten-millionth-raspberry-pi-new-kit/|title=Ten millionth Raspberry Pi, and a new kit – Raspberry Pi|date=8 September 2016|quote=we've beaten our wildest dreams by three orders of magnitude|access-date=9 September 2016}}</ref>
* 25 April 2016 – Raspberry Pi Camera v2.1 announced with 8 Mpixels, in normal and NoIR (can receive IR) versions. The camera uses the Sony ] chip with a resolution of {{nowrap|3280 × 2464}}. To make use of the new resolution the software has to be updated.<ref>{{cite web|title=New 8-megapixel camera board on sale at $25 |date=25 April 2016<!-- published at UTC 2016-04-25 08:00:01 in time zone UTC+01 --> |access-date=6 May 2016 |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/new-8-megapixel-camera-board-sale-25/ |quote=both visible-light and infrared cameras based on the Sony IMX219 8-megapixel sensor, at the same low price of $25. They're available today from our partners RS Components and element14}}</ref>
* 10 October 2016 – NEC Display Solutions announces that select models of commercial displays to be released in early 2017 will incorporate a Raspberry Pi 3 Compute Module.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 October 2016 |title=NEC Display Solutions announces collaboration with Raspberry Pi |url=https://www.sharpnecdisplays.eu/p/hq/en/news/dp/Products/Shared/News/2016/PressReleases/Company/RaspberryPi/RaspberryPi.xhtml |access-date=10 November 2016 |publisher=NEC}}</ref>
* 14 October 2016 – Raspberry Pi announces their co-operation with NEC Display Solutions. They expect that the Raspberry Pi 3 Compute Module will be available to the general public by the end of 2016.<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/compute-module-nec-display-near-you/
| title= The Compute Module – now in an NEC display near you
| last = Upton
| first= Eben
| date = 14 October 2016
| publisher = Raspberry Pi Foundation
| access-date = 10 November 2016
}}</ref>
* 25 November 2016 – 11 million units sold.<ref name="11 million">{{Citation
| url = https://www.raspberrypi.org/magpi/issues/53/
| title= The Mag Pi Magazine issue 53, Page 10
| date= January 2017
| quote= On 25 November, it was confirmed that total sales of the Raspberry Pi have now topped 11 million.
| publisher = Raspberry Pi Foundation
}}</ref>
* 16 January 2017 – Compute Module 3 and Compute Module 3 Lite are launched.<ref name="Compute3">{{Citation
| url = https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/compute-module-3-launch/
| title = Compute Module 3 Launch
| date = 16 January 2017
| publisher = Raspberry Pi Foundation
}}</ref>
* 28 February 2017 – Raspberry Pi Zero W with WiFi and Bluetooth via chip scale antennas launched.<ref name="ars201702">{{cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/02/new-10-raspberry-pi-zero-comes-with-wi-fi-and-bluetooth/|title=New $10 Raspberry Pi Zero comes with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth|website=arstechnica.com|date=28 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/raspberry-pi-zero-w-joins-family/|title=New product! Raspberry Pi Zero W joins the family |date=28 February 2017|publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation}}</ref>
* 17 August 2017 – The Raspbian operating system is upgraded to a new version, based on ].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Long |first1=Simon |title=Raspbian Stretch has arrived for Raspberry Pi |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/raspbian-stretch/ |website=Raspberry Pi |access-date=14 November 2021 |date=17 August 2017}}</ref>
* 14 March 2018 – On ], Raspberry Pi introduced Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ with improvements in the Raspberry PI 3B computers performance, updated version of the Broadcom application processor, better wireless ] and Bluetooth performance and addition of the 5&nbsp;GHz band.<ref>{{cite news |date= 14 March 2018|title=Raspberry PI 3B+ on sale now |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/raspberry-pi-3-model-bplus-sale-now-35// |access-date=21 March 2018 }}</ref>
* 15 November 2018 – Raspberry Pi 3 Model A+ launched.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/new-product-raspberry-pi-3-model-a/|title=New product: Raspberry Pi 3 Model A+ on sale now at $25 – Raspberry Pi|date=15 November 2018|work=Raspberry Pi|access-date=15 November 2018}}</ref>
* 28 January 2019 – Compute Module 3+ (CM3+/Lite, CM3+/8&nbsp;GB, CM3+/16&nbsp;GB and CM3+/32&nbsp;GB) launched.<ref name="CM3+-Announcement" />
* 24 June 2019 – Raspberry Pi 4 Model B launched,<ref name="Pi4OnSale"/> along with a new version of the Raspbian operating system based on ].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Long |first1=Simon |title=Buster – the new version of Raspbian |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/buster-the-new-version-of-raspbian/ |website=Raspberry Pi |date=25 June 2019}}</ref>
* 10 December 2019 – 30 million units sold;<ref>{{cite tweet |user=EbenUpton |number=1205646606504275968 |date=13 December 2019 |title=Raspberry Pi numbers get stale fast. We sold our thirty-millionth unit some time last week (we think Tuesday).}}</ref> sales are about 6 million per year.<ref>{{cite tweet |user=EbenUpton |number=1205641728713211904
|date=13 December 2019 |title=Happy to make an introduction. And they do about six million @Raspberry_Pi units a year, so they definitely have scale.}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |user=EbenUpton |number=1205906969443393537
|date=14 December 2019 |title=Yes. We don't get sales returns from our licensees until month end. At the end of November, we were at 29.8Mu, with a monthly run rate of 500–600ku. Thus, Tuesday.}}</ref>
* 28 May 2020 – An 8&nbsp;GB version of the Raspberry Pi 4 is announced for $75.<ref name="EightGB" /> Raspberry Pi OS is split off from Raspbian, and now includes a beta of a 64-bit version that allows programs to use more than 4&nbsp;GB of RAM.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Piltch |first1=Avram |title=Raspberry Pi OS: Why It's No Longer Called 'Raspbian' |url=https://www.tomshardware.com/news/raspberry-pi-os-no-longer-raspbian |access-date=14 November 2021 |work=Tom's Hardware |date=30 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
* 19 October 2020 – Compute Module 4 launched.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/raspberry-pi-compute-module-4/|title=Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 on sale now from $25 – Raspberry Pi|date=19 October 2020|work=Raspberry Pi|access-date=16 January 2021}}</ref>
* 2 November 2020 – Raspberry Pi 400 launched. It is a keyboard which incorporates Raspberry Pi 4 into it. GPIO pins of the Raspberry Pi 4 are accessible.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-400/|title=Buy a Raspberry Pi 400 Personal Computer Kit|first=The Raspberry Pi|last=Foundation|website=Raspberry Pi}}</ref>
* 21 January 2021 – Raspberry Pi Pico launched. It is the first microcontroller-class product from Raspberry Pi. It is based on RP2040 Microcontroller developed by Raspberry Pi.<ref name=":1" />
* 11 May 2021 – 40 million units sold.<ref name="40 million">{{Citation
| url = https://twitter.com/chrisfleck/status/1392224692862427138
| title= Chris Fleck and Eben Upton on Twitter
| quote= Great call with @EbenUpton today. Congrats on 40 Million #RaspberryPi sold!
| publisher = Chris Fleck
}}</ref>
* 21 September 2021 – 42 million units sold.<ref name="42 million">
{{Citation
| url = https://techcrunch.com/2021/09/21/raspberry-pi-gets-45m-to-meet-demand-for-low-cost-pcs-and-iot/
| title= Raspberry Pi gets $45M to meet demand for low-cost PCs and IoT
| date= 21 September 2021
| quote= While, in total, the Pi Foundation also said it’s shipping over 42 million (Pi-powered) PCs to more than 100 countries.
| publisher = TechCrunch / Natasha Lomas@riptari(twitter)
}}</ref>
* 30 October 2021 – Raspberry Pi OS (formerly Raspbian) is updated version 11, based on ].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Long |first1=Simon |title=Bullseye – the new version of Raspberry Pi OS |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/raspberry-pi-os-debian-bullseye/ |website=Raspberry Pi |access-date=14 November 2021 |date=8 November 2021}}</ref> With this release, the default clock speed for revision 1.4 of the Raspberry Pi 4 is increased to 1.8&nbsp;GHz.<ref name="1.8Ghz"/>
* 16 November 2021 – 43 million units sold.<ref name="43 million">
{{Citation
| url = https://theindexproject.org/post/impact-stories-raspberry-pi
| title= Impact Stories: Raspberry Pi
| quote= With 43 million computers sold worldwide and 95% of its products exported outside the UK, the globe has grown fond of pocket-sized computers.
| publisher = The Index Projewct / Ditte Fiil Ravn
}}</ref>
* 28 February 2022, exactly 10 years after the first shipment, 46 million units sold.<ref name="46 million">
{{Citation
| url = https://www.theregister.com/2022/02/28/pi_at_10/
| title= One decade, 46 million units: Happy birthday, Raspberry Pi
| quote= Upton tells us that approximately 46 million units have been manufactured to date.
| publisher = The Register / Richard Speed
}}</ref>

]

== Sales ==
According to Raspberry Pi, more than 5 million Raspberry Pis were sold by February 2015, making it the best-selling ].<ref name=bestseller>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/feb/18/raspberry-pi-becomes-best-selling-british-computer|title=Raspberry Pi becomes best selling British computer|date=18 February 2015|first=Samuel|last=Gibbs|work=The Guardian|access-date=28 December 2016}}</ref> By November 2016 they had sold 11 million units,<ref name="11 million" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/ten-millionth-raspberry-pi-new-kit/|title=Ten millionth Raspberry Pi, and a new kit – Raspberry Pi|date=8 September 2016|newspaper=Raspberry Pi|access-date=1 February 2017}}</ref> and 12.5 million by March 2017, making it the third best-selling "general purpose computer".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2017/3/17/14962170/raspberry-pi-sales-12-5-million-five-years-beats-commodore-64|title=Raspberry Pi sold over 12.5 million boards in five years|work=The Verge|access-date=27 September 2017}}</ref> In July 2017, sales reached nearly 15 million,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://betanews.com/2017/07/19/raspberry-pi-eben-upton-qa/|title=Raspberry Pi founder Eben Upton talks sales numbers, proudest moments, community projects, and Raspberry Pi 4 |website=Betanews.com|access-date=9 November 2017}}</ref> climbing to 19 million in March 2018.<ref name="RapsberryPi3B+Release">{{cite news |last=Upton |first=Eben |author-link=Eben Upton |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/raspberry-pi-3-model-bplus-sale-now-35/ |title=Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ on Sale at $35 |work=Raspberry Pi Blog |publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation |date=14 March 2018 |access-date=4 May 2018 }}</ref> By December 2019, a total of 30 million devices had been sold.<ref name=thirtymillion>{{cite tweet|number=1205646606504275968|user=EbenUpton|title=@lisn92 @bateskecom @arturo182 @Raspberry_Pi Raspberry Pi numbers get stale fast. We sold our thirty-millionth unit…<!-- full text of tweet that Twitter returned to the bot (excluding links) added by TweetCiteBot. This may be better truncated or may need expanding (TW limits responses to 140 characters) or case changes. --> |access-date=26 February 2020|date=14 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Raspberry Pi has now sold 30 million tiny single-board computers |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/raspberry-pi-now-weve-sold-30-million/ |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=ZDNET |language=en}}</ref>

== Supply and demand difficulties ==
The ], as well as an uptake in demand starting in early 2021, notably affected the Raspberry Pi, causing significant availability issues from that time onward.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/raspberry-pi-why-they-are-so-hard-to-buy-right-now-and-what-you-can-do-about-it/ | title=Raspberry Pi: Why they are so hard to buy right now, and what you can do about it | website=] }}</ref> The company explained its approach to the shortages in 2021,<ref name="1GBReturns">{{cite web | url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/supply-chain-shortages-and-our-first-ever-price-increase/ | title=Supply chain, shortages, and our first-ever price increase | website=Rapsberry Pi | date=20 October 2021 }}</ref> and April 2022,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/production-and-supply-chain-update/ | title=Production and supply-chain update | date=4 April 2022 }}</ref> explaining that it was prioritising business and industrial customers.

The situation is sufficiently long term that at least one automated stock checker is online.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://rpilocator.com/about.cfm | title=Rpilocator }}</ref>


== See also == == See also ==
{{Portal|Computing|Education}} {{Portal|Electronics}}
* ]
* ] – historic series of microcomputers that inspired the {{nowrap|Raspberry Pi}}
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
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* ]


== References == == References ==
{{Reflist|30em}} {{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* ''Raspberry Pi For Dummies''; Sean McManus and Mike Cook; 2013; {{ISBN|978-1118554210}}.
* ''Getting Started with Raspberry Pi''; Matt Richardson and Shawn Wallace; 2013; {{ISBN|978-1449344214}}.
* ''Raspberry Pi User Guide''; Eben Upton and Gareth Halfacree; 2014; {{ISBN|978-1118921661}}.
* ''Hello Raspberry Pi!''; Ryan Heitz; 2016; {{ISBN|978-1617292453}}.
* ''The Official Raspberry Pi Beginner’s Guide''; Gareth Halfacree; 2023; {{ISBN|978-1912047260}}.


== External links == == External links ==
{{Prone to spam|date=October 2012}} {{Prone to spam|date=October 2012}}
{{Z148}}<!-- {{No more links}} <!-- {{No more links}}


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Misplaced Pages is not a collection of links and should not be used for advertising. Misplaced Pages is not a collection of links and should not be used for advertising.


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If there are already suitable links, propose additions or replacements on If there are already suitable links, propose additions or replacements on
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the Open Directory Project (dmoz.org) and link there using {{Dmoz}}. the Open Directory Project (dmoz.org) and link there using {{Dmoz}}.

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{{Commons category|Raspberry Pi}} {{Commons category}}
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* {{Official website|1=http://www.raspberrypi.org|name=Raspberry Pi Foundation official website and forums}}

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* {{Official website}}
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* {{snd}} board GPIO pinout
* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607084123/https://raspmap.everpi.net/ |date=7 June 2019 }}
*
* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619185015/http://infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.ddi0301h/DDI0301H_arm1176jzfs_r0p7_trm.pdf |date=19 June 2020 }}, ARM Ltd.


{{Single-board computer}}
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Latest revision as of 21:40, 26 December 2024

Series of low-cost single-board computers "RPi" redirects here. For other uses, see RPI. For the dessert, see Raspberry pie.

Raspberry Pi
Various Raspberry Pi computers
Also known asRPi, Raspi
TypeSingle-board computer
Release date29 February 2012; 12 years ago (2012-02-29)
Operating systemLinux (incl. Raspberry Pi OS)
FreeBSD
NetBSD
OpenBSD
Plan 9
RISC OS
Windows 10
Windows 10 IoT Core
QNX
and OS-less Embedded RTL's
StorageMicroSDXC slot, USB mass storage device for booting
Websitewww.raspberrypi.com Edit this at Wikidata

Raspberry Pi (/paɪ/) is a series of small single-board computers (SBCs) developed in the United Kingdom. The original Raspberry Pi computer was developed by the Raspberry Pi Foundation in association with Broadcom. Since 2012, all Raspberry Pi products have been developed by Raspberry Pi Ltd, which began as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Foundation.

The Raspberry Pi project originally leaned toward the promotion of teaching basic computer science in schools. The original model became more popular than anticipated, selling outside its target market for diverse uses such as robotics, home automation, industrial automation, and by computer and electronic hobbyists, because of its low cost, modularity, open design, and its adoption of the HDMI and USB standards.

The Raspberry Pi became the best-selling British computer in 2015, when it surpassed the ZX Spectrum in unit sales.

Origins and company history

The Raspberry Pi Foundation was created as a private company limited by guarantee in 2008, and was registered as a charity in 2009 by people at the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory who had noticed a decline in the number and skills of young people applying for computer science courses.

In 2012, after the release of the second board type, the Raspberry Pi Foundation set up a new entity responsible for developing their computers, named Raspberry Pi (Trading) Ltd, and installed Eben Upton (one of the 2008 group) as CEO. The Foundation was rededicated as an educational charity for promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools and developing countries.

In 2021, Raspberry Pi (Trading) Ltd changed its name to Raspberry Pi Ltd. Its newly-formed parent company, Raspberry Pi Holdings Ltd, became a public company in June 2024, launching on the London Stock Exchange where it trades with the stock symbol RPI.

Most Raspberry Pis are made in a Sony factory in Pencoed, Wales, while others are made in China and Japan.

Series and generations

The Raspberry Pi Zero, introduced in 2015The Raspberry Pi 3 B+, introduced in 2018The Raspberry Pi 4 B, introduced in 2019The Raspberry Pi Pico, introduced in 2021The Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W, introduced in 2021Raspberry Pi 400 Kit, introduced in 2020The Raspberry Pi 5, introduced in 2023

There are three series of Raspberry Pi, and several generations of each have been released. Raspberry Pi SBCs feature a Broadcom system on a chip (SoC) with an integrated ARM-compatible central processing unit (CPU) and on-chip graphics processing unit (GPU), while Raspberry Pi Pico has a RP2040 system on chip with an integrated ARM-compatible central processing unit (CPU).

Raspberry Pi

  • The first-generation Raspberry Pi Model B was released in February 2012, followed by the simpler and cheaper Model A.
  • Raspberry Pi Model B+, an improved design, was released in 2014. These first-generation boards feature ARM11 processors, are approximately credit-card sized, and represent the standard mainline form factor. The A+ and an improved B model were released within a year. A "Compute Module" was released in April 2014 for embedded applications.
  • The Raspberry Pi 2 B was released in February 2015 and initially featured a 900 MHz 32-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 processor with 1 GB RAM. Revision 1.2 features a 900 MHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 processor (the same as that in the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B, but underclocked to 900 MHz).
  • The Raspberry Pi 3 Model B was released in February 2016 with a 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad core ARM Cortex-A53 processor, on-board 802.11n Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and USB boot capabilities.
  • The Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ was launched on Pi Day 2018 with a faster 1.4 GHz processor, a three-times faster Gigabit Ethernet (throughput limited to ca. 300 Mbit/s by the internal USB 2.0 connection), and 2.4 / 5 GHz dual-band 802.11ac Wi-Fi (100 Mbit/s). Other features are Power over Ethernet (PoE) (with the add-on PoE HAT), USB boot and network boot (an SD card is no longer required).
  • The Raspberry Pi 3 Model A+ was launched in November 2018 as a similar board to the first Model A. It has a 1.4 GHz 64-bit quad-core processor, with 2.4 GHz dual-band and 5 GHz wireless LAN & Bluetooth 4.2. It also has a 40-pin GPIO header, 512 MB of DDR2 RAM, is powered by 5V of DC power via microUSB. A full-size HDMI port is used for connectivity, and one USB 2.0 port is on the board.
  • The Raspberry Pi 4 Model B was released in June 2019 with a 1.5 GHz 64-bit quad core ARM Cortex-A72 processor, on-board 802.11ac Wi-Fi, Bluetooth 5, full gigabit Ethernet (throughput not limited), two USB 2.0 ports, two USB 3.0 ports, 1, 2, 4, or 8 GB of RAM, and dual-monitor support via a pair of micro HDMI (HDMI Type D) ports for up to 4K resolution. The version with 1 GB RAM has been abandoned and the prices of the 2 GB version have been reduced. The 8 GB version has a revised circuit board. The Raspberry Pi 4 is also powered via a USB-C port, enabling additional power to be provided to downstream peripherals, when used with an appropriate PSU. But the Pi can only be operated with 5 volts and not 9 or 12 volts like other mini computers of this class. The initial Raspberry Pi 4 board had a design flaw where third-party e-marked USB cables, such as those used on MacBooks, incorrectly identify it and refuse to provide power. Tom's Hardware tested 14 different cables and found that 11 of them turned on and powered the Pi without issue. The design flaw was fixed in revision 1.2 of the board, released in late 2019. In mid-2021, Pi 4 B models appeared with the improved Broadcom BCM2711C0. The manufacturer is now using this chip for the Pi 4 B and Pi 400. However, the clock frequency of the Pi 4 B was not increased in the factory.
  • The Raspberry Pi 400 was released in November 2020. A modern example of a keyboard computer, it features 4 GB of LPDDR4 RAM on a custom board derived from the existing Raspberry Pi 4 combined with a keyboard in a single case. The case was derived from that of the Raspberry Pi Keyboard. A robust cooling solution (i.e. a broad metal plate) and an upgraded switched-mode power supply allow the Raspberry Pi 400's Broadcom BCM2711C0 processor to be clocked at 1.8 GHz, which is 20% faster than the Raspberry Pi 4 upon which it is based.

  • The Raspberry Pi 5 was announced in September 2023. It uses a 2.4GHz quad-core 64-bit ARM Cortex-A76 CPU and a VideoCore VII GPU, with the improvements hardware and software making the Pi 5 more than twice as powerful as the Pi 4. It has an I/O controller designed in-house, a power button, and an RTC chip (which requires an external battery). At launch, the Pi 5 was available with either 4 or 8 GB of RAM, at US$60 and US$80; a 2 GB variant was released in August 2024 at US$50. The Pi 5 lacks a 3.5 millimeter audio jack, so Bluetooth, HDMI, USB audio or an Audio HAT are the options for audio output.
  • In December 2024, Raspberry Pi introduced the keyboard-based Raspberry Pi 500, successor to the Pi 400.

Raspberry Pi Zero

  • The Raspberry Pi Zero with smaller size and reduced input/output (I/O) and general-purpose input/output (GPIO) capabilities was released in November 2015 for US$5.
  • The Raspberry Pi Zero v1.3 was released in May 2016, which added a camera connector.
  • The Raspberry Pi Zero W was launched in February 2017, a version of the Zero with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities, for US$10.
  • The Raspberry Pi Zero WH was launched in January 2018, a version of the Zero W with pre-soldered GPIO headers.
  • The Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W was launched in October 2021, a version of the Zero W with a system in a package (SiP) designed by Raspberry Pi and based on the Raspberry Pi 3. In contrast to the older Zero models, the Pi Zero 2 W is 64-bit capable. The price is around US$15.

Raspberry Pi Pico

Not to be confused with PIC microcontrollers. See also: RP2040
  • Raspberry Pi Pico was released in January 2021 with a retail price of $4. It was Raspberry Pi's first board based upon a single microcontroller chip; the RP2040, which was designed by Raspberry Pi in the UK. The Pico has 264 KB of RAM and 2 MB of flash memory. It is programmable in C, C++, Assembly, MicroPython, CircuitPython and Rust. Raspberry Pi has partnered with Adafruit, Pimoroni, Arduino and SparkFun to build accessories for Raspberry Pi Pico and variety of other boards using RP2040 Silicon Platform. Rather than perform the role of general purpose computer (like the others in the range) it is designed for physical computing, similar in concept to an Arduino.
  • The Raspberry Pi Pico W was launched in June 2022, a version of the Pico with 802.11n Wi-Fi capability, for US$6. The CYW43439 wireless chip in the Pico W also supports Bluetooth, but the capability was not enabled at launch.
  • The Raspberry Pi Pico 2 was launched in August 2024 with a retail price of $5, based on a new RP2350 Arm/RISC-V microcontroller. The Pico 2 has 520 KB of RAM and 4 MB of flash memory and is hardware and software compatible with the original Pico.
  • The Raspberry Pi Pico 2 W was released in November 2024, with a retail price of $7 and using the RP2350 microcontroller. It has 4 MB of on-board flash memory to store code, while the RP2350 features 520 KB of on-chip SRAM. As for wireless capabilities, the Pico 2 W supports Wi-Fi (2.4GHz 802.11n) and Bluetooth 5.2.

Model comparison

This section needs expansion with: information on compute modules. You can help by adding to it. (August 2024)
Family Model SoC Memory Form factor Ethernet Wireless GPIO Released Discontinued
Raspberry Pi B BCM2835 256 MB Standard Yes No 26-pin 2012 Yes
512 MB 2012
A 256 MB No 2013
B+ 512 MB Yes 40-pin 2014 No
A+ 256 MB Compact No Yes
512 MB No
Raspberry Pi 2 B BCM2836 / 7 1 GB Standard Yes No 40-pin 2015 No
Raspberry Pi Zero Zero BCM2835 512 MB Ultra-compact No No 40-pin 2015 No
W / WH Yes 2017
2 W BCM2710A1 2021
Raspberry Pi 3 B BCM2837A0 / B0 1 GB Standard Yes Yes 40-pin 2016 No
A+ BCM2837B0 512 MB Compact No Yes 2018
B+ 1 GB Standard Yes 2018
Raspberry Pi 4 B BCM2711B0 / C0 1 GB Standard Yes Yes 40-pin 2019 Temporarily (2020–2021)
2 GB No
4 GB
8 GB 2020
400 4 GB Keyboard
Raspberry Pi Pico Pico RP2040 264 KB Pico No No 40-pin 2021 No
W Yes 2022
2 RP2350A 520 KB No 2024
Raspberry Pi 5 BCM2712 2 GB Standard Yes Yes 40-pin 2024 No
4 GB 2023
8 GB
  1. ^ 85.6 mm × 56.5 mm (3.37 in × 2.22 in)
  2. ^ 65 mm × 56.5 mm (2.56 in × 2.22 in)
  3. 65 mm × 30 mm (2.6 in × 1.2 in)
  4. Custom Raspberry Pi SiP RP3A0
  5. ^ Dual band
  6. Gigabit Ethernet; Throughput limited to ca. 300 Mbit/s by the internal USB 2.0 connection
  7. ^ Gigabit Ethernet
  8. 21 mm × 51 mm (0.83 in × 2.01 in)
  9. 2.4 GHz band

Hardware

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The Raspberry Pi hardware has evolved through several versions that feature variations in the type of the central processing unit, amount of memory capacity, networking support, and peripheral-device support.

Block diagram describing models B, B+, A and A+

This block diagram describes models B, B+, A and A+. The Pi Zero models are similar, but lack the Ethernet and USB hub components. The Ethernet adapter is internally connected to an additional USB port. In Model A, A+, and the Pi Zero, the USB port is connected directly to the system on a chip (SoC). On the Pi 1 Model B+ and later models the USB/Ethernet chip contains a five-port USB hub, of which four ports are available, while the Pi 1 Model B only provides two. On the Pi Zero, the USB port is also connected directly to the SoC, but it uses a micro USB (OTG) port. Unlike all other Pi models, the 40 pin GPIO connector is omitted on the Pi Zero, with solderable through-holes only in the pin locations. The Pi Zero WH remedies this.

Processor speed ranges from 700 MHz to 2.4 GHz for the Pi 5; on-board memory ranges from 256 MB to 8 GB random-access memory (RAM), with only the Raspberry Pi 4 and the Raspberry Pi 5 having more than 1 GB. Secure Digital (SD) cards in MicroSDHC form factor (SDHC on early models) are used to store the operating system and program memory, however some models also come with onboard eMMC storage and the Raspberry Pi 4 can also make use of USB-attached SSD storage for its operating system. The boards have one to five USB ports. For video output, HDMI and composite video are supported, with a standard 3.5 mm tip-ring-sleeve jack carrying mono audio together with composite video. Lower-level output is provided by a number of GPIO pins, which support common protocols like I²C. The B-models have an 8P8C Ethernet port and the Pi 3, Pi 4 and Pi Zero W have on-board Wi-Fi 802.11n and Bluetooth.

Processor

The Raspberry Pi 2B uses a 32-bit 900 MHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 processor.

The Broadcom BCM2835 SoC used in the first generation Raspberry Pi includes a RISC-based 700 MHz 32-bit ARM1176JZF-S processor, VideoCore IV graphics processing unit (GPU), and RAM. It has a level 1 (L1) cache of 16 KB and a level 2 (L2) cache of 128 KB. The level 2 cache is used primarily by the GPU. The SoC is stacked underneath the RAM chip, so only its edge is visible. The ARM1176JZ(F)-S is the same CPU used in the original iPhone, although at a higher clock rate, and mated with a much faster GPU.

The earlier V1.1 model of the Raspberry Pi 2 used a Broadcom BCM2836 SoC with a 900 MHz 32-bit, quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 processor, with 256 KB shared L2 cache. The Raspberry Pi 2 V1.2 was upgraded to a Broadcom BCM2837 SoC with a 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 processor, the same one which is used on the Raspberry Pi 3, but underclocked (by default) to the same 900 MHz CPU clock speed as the V1.1. The BCM2836 SoC is no longer in production as of late 2016.

The Raspberry Pi 3 Model B uses a Broadcom BCM2837 SoC with a 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 processor, with 512 KB shared L2 cache. The Model A+ and B+ are 1.4 GHz

The Raspberry Pi 4 uses a Broadcom BCM2711 SoC with a 1.5 GHz (later models: 1.8 GHz) 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A72 processor, with 1 MB shared L2 cache. Unlike previous models, which all used a custom interrupt controller poorly suited for virtualisation, the interrupt controller on this SoC is compatible with the ARM Generic Interrupt Controller (GIC) architecture 2.0, providing hardware support for interrupt distribution when using ARM virtualisation capabilities. The VideoCore IV of the previous models has also been replaced with a VideoCore VI running at 500 MHz.

The Raspberry Pi Zero and Zero W use the same Broadcom BCM2835 SoC as the first generation Raspberry Pi, although now running at 1 GHz CPU clock speed.

The Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W uses the RP3A0-AU, which is a System-in-Package (SiP) design. The package contains a Broadcom BCM2710A1 processor, which is a 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 clocked at 1 GHz, along with 512 MB of LPDDR2 SDRAM layered above. The Raspberry Pi 3 also uses the BCM2710A1 in its Broadcom BCM2837 SoC, but clocked at a higher 1.2 GHz.

The Raspberry Pi Pico uses the RP2040, a microcontroller containing dual ARM Cortex-M0+ cores running at 133 MHz, 6 banks of SRAM totalling 264 KB, and programmable IO for peripherals.

The Raspberry Pi 5 uses a 64-bit 2.4 GHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A76 processor.

The Raspberry Pi 5 uses the Broadcom BCM2712 SoC, which is a chip designed in collaboration with Raspberry Pi. The SoC features a quad-core ARM Cortex-A76 processor clocked at 2.4 GHz, alongside a VideoCore VII GPU clocked at 800 MHz. The BCM2712 SoC also features support for cryptographic extensions for the first time on a Raspberry Pi model. Alongside the new processor and graphics unit, the monolithic design of the earlier BCM2711 has been replaced with a CPU and chipset (southbridge) architecture, as the IO functionality has been moved to the Raspberry Pi 5's custom RP1 chip.

Performance

While operating at 700 MHz by default, the first generation Raspberry Pi provided a real-world performance roughly equivalent to 0.041 GFLOPS. On the CPU level the performance is similar to a 300 MHz Pentium II of 1997–99. The GPU provides 1 Gpixel/s or 1.5 Gtexel/s of graphics processing or 24 GFLOPS of general purpose computing performance. The graphical capabilities of the Raspberry Pi are roughly equivalent to the performance of the Xbox of 2001.

Raspberry Pi 2 V1.1 included a quad-core Cortex-A7 CPU running at 900 MHz and 1 GB RAM. It was described as 4–6 times more powerful than its predecessor. The GPU was identical to the original. In parallelised benchmarks, the Raspberry Pi 2 V1.1 could be up to 14 times faster than a Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+.

The Raspberry Pi 3, with a quad-core Cortex-A53 processor, is described as having ten times the performance of a Raspberry Pi 1. Benchmarks showed the Raspberry Pi 3 to be approximately 80% faster than the Raspberry Pi 2 in parallelised tasks.

The Raspberry Pi 4, with a quad-core Cortex-A72 processor, is described as having three times the performance of a Raspberry Pi 3.

Overclocking

Most Raspberry Pi systems-on-chip can be overclocked to various degrees utilising the built in config.txt file in the boot sector of the Raspberry Pi OS. Overclocking is generally safe and does not automatically void the warranty of the Raspberry Pi; however, setting the "force_turbo" option to 1 bypasses voltage and temperature limits and voids the users warranty. In Raspberry Pi OS the overclocking options on boot can also be made by a software command running "sudo raspi-config" on Raspberry Pi 1, 2, and original 3B without voiding the warranty. In those cases the Pi automatically shuts the overclocking down if the chip temperature reaches 85 °C (185 °F); an appropriately sized heat sink is needed to protect the chip from thermal throttling.

Newer versions of the firmware contain the option to choose between five overclock ("turbo") presets that, when used, attempt to maximise the performance of the SoC without impairing the lifetime of the board. This is done by monitoring the core temperature of the chip and the CPU load, and dynamically adjusting clock speeds and the core voltage. When the demand is low on the CPU or it is running too hot, the performance is throttled, but if the CPU has much to do and the chip's temperature is acceptable, performance is temporarily increased with CPU clock speeds of up to 1.1 GHz, depending on the board version and on which of the turbo settings is used.

The overclocking modes are:

none 700 MHz ARM 250 MHz core 400 MHz SDRAM 0 overvolting
modest 800 MHz ARM 250 MHz core 400 MHz SDRAM 0 overvolting
medium 900 MHz ARM 250 MHz core 450 MHz SDRAM 2 overvolting
high 950 MHz ARM 250 MHz core 450 MHz SDRAM 6 overvolting
turbo 1000 MHz ARM 500 MHz core 600 MHz SDRAM 6 overvolting
Pi 2 1000 MHz ARM 500 MHz core 500 MHz SDRAM 2 overvolting
Pi 3 1100 MHz ARM 550 MHz core 500 MHz SDRAM 6 overvolting.
In system information, the CPU speed is indicated as 1200 MHz. When idling, speed lowers to 600 MHz.

In the highest (turbo) mode the SDRAM clock speed was originally 500 MHz, but this was later changed to 600 MHz because of occasional SD card corruption. Simultaneously, in high mode the core clock speed was lowered from 450 to 250 MHz, and in medium mode from 333 to 250 MHz.

The CPU of the first and second generation Raspberry Pi board did not require cooling with a heat sink or fan, even when overclocked, but the Raspberry Pi 3 may generate more heat when overclocked.

RAM

The early designs of the Raspberry Pi Model A and B boards included 256 MB of random-access memory (RAM). Of this, the early beta Model B boards allocated 128 MB to the GPU by default, leaving only 128 MB for the CPU. On the early 256 MB releases of models A and B, three different splits were possible. The default split was 192 MB for the CPU, which should be sufficient for standalone 1080p video decoding, or for simple 3D processing. 224 MB was for Linux processing only, with only a 1080p framebuffer, and was likely to fail for any video or 3D. 128 MB was for heavy 3D processing, possibly also with video decoding. In comparison, the Nokia 701 uses 128 MB for the Broadcom VideoCore IV.

The later Model B with 512 MB RAM, was released on 15 October 2012 and was initially released with new standard memory split files (arm256_start.elf, arm384_start.elf, arm496_start.elf) with 256 MB, 384 MB, and 496 MB CPU RAM, and with 256 MB, 128 MB, and 16 MB video RAM, respectively. But about one week later, the foundation released a new version of start.elf that could read a new entry in config.txt (gpu_mem=xx) and could dynamically assign an amount of RAM (from 16 to 256 MB in 8 MB steps) to the GPU, obsoleting the older method of splitting memory, and a single start.elf worked the same for 256 MB and 512 MB Raspberry Pis.

The Raspberry Pi 2 has 1 GB of RAM.

The Raspberry Pi 3 has 1 GB of RAM in the B and B+ models, and 512 MB of RAM in the A+ model. The Raspberry Pi Zero and Zero W have 512 MB of RAM.

The Raspberry Pi 4 is available with 1, 2, 4 or 8 GB of RAM. A 1 GB model was originally available at launch in June 2019 but was discontinued in March 2020, and the 8 GB model was introduced in May 2020. The 1 GB model returned in October 2021.

The Raspberry Pi 5 is available with 2, 4 or 8 GB of RAM.

Networking

The Model A, A+ and Pi Zero have no Ethernet circuitry and are commonly connected to a network using an external user-supplied USB Ethernet or Wi-Fi adapter. On the Model B and B+ the Ethernet port is provided by a built-in USB Ethernet adapter using the SMSC LAN9514 chip. The Raspberry Pi 3 and Pi Zero W (wireless) are equipped with 2.4 GHz WiFi 802.11n (150 Mbit/s) and Bluetooth 4.1 (24 Mbit/s) based on the Broadcom BCM43438 FullMAC chip with no official support for monitor mode (though it was implemented through unofficial firmware patching) and the Pi 3 also has a 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet port. The Raspberry Pi 3B+ features dual-band IEEE 802.11b/g/n/ac WiFi, Bluetooth 4.2, and Gigabit Ethernet (limited to approximately 300 Mbit/s by the USB 2.0 bus between it and the SoC). The Raspberry Pi 4 has full gigabit Ethernet (throughput is not limited as it is not funnelled via the USB chip.)

Special-purpose features

The RPi Zero, RPi1A, RPi3A+ and RPi4 can be used as a USB device or "USB gadget", plugged into another computer via a USB port on another machine. It can be configured in multiple ways, such as functioning as a serial or Ethernet device. Although originally requiring software patches, this was added into the mainline Raspbian distribution in May 2016.

Raspberry Pi models with a newer chipset can boot from USB mass storage, such as from a flash drive. Booting from USB mass storage is not available in the original Raspberry Pi models, the Raspberry Pi Zero, the Raspberry Pi Pico, the Raspberry Pi 2 A models, and the Raspberry Pi 2 B models with versions lower than 1.2.

Peripherals

The Model 2B boards incorporate four USB Type-A ports for connecting peripherals.

Although often pre-configured to operate as a headless computer, the Raspberry Pi may also optionally be operated with any generic USB computer keyboard and mouse. It may also be used with USB storage, USB to MIDI converters, and virtually any other device/component with USB capabilities, depending on the installed device drivers in the underlying operating system (many of which are included by default).

Other peripherals can be attached through the various pins and connectors on the surface of the Raspberry Pi.

Video

An early Raspberry Pi 1 Model A, with an HDMI port and a standard RCA composite video port for older displays

The video controller can generate standard modern TV resolutions, such as HD and Full HD, and higher or lower monitor resolutions as well as older NTSC or PAL standard CRT TV resolutions. As shipped (i.e., without custom overclocking) it can support the following resolutions: 640×350 EGA; 640×480 VGA; 800×600 SVGA; 1024×768 XGA; 1280×720 720p HDTV; 1280×768 WXGA variant; 1280×800 WXGA variant; 1280×1024 SXGA; 1366×768 WXGA variant; 1400×1050 SXGA+; 1600×1200 UXGA; 1680×1050 WXGA+; 1920×1080 1080p HDTV; 1920×1200 WUXGA.

Higher resolutions, up to 2048×1152, may work or even 3840×2160 at 15 Hz (too low a frame rate for convincing video). Allowing the highest resolutions does not imply that the GPU can decode video formats at these resolutions; in fact, the Raspberry Pis are known to not work reliably for H.265 (at those high resolutions), commonly used for very high resolutions (however, most common formats up to Full HD do work).

Although the Raspberry Pi 3 does not have H.265 decoding hardware, the CPU is more powerful than its predecessors, potentially fast enough to allow the decoding of H.265-encoded videos in software. The GPU in the Raspberry Pi 3 runs at higher clock frequencies of 300 MHz or 400 MHz, compared to previous versions which ran at 250 MHz.

The Raspberry Pis can also generate 576i and 480i composite video signals, as used on old-style (CRT) TV screens and less-expensive monitors through standard connectors – either RCA or 3.5 mm phono connector depending on model. The television signal standards supported are PAL-B/G/H/I/D, PAL-M, PAL-N, NTSC and NTSC-J.

Real-time clock

When booting, the time defaults to being set over the network using the Network Time Protocol (NTP). The source of time information can be another computer on the local network that does have a real-time clock, or to a NTP server on the internet. If no network connection is available, the time may be set manually or configured to assume that no time passed during the shutdown. In the latter case, the time is monotonic (files saved later in time always have later timestamps) but may be considerably earlier than the actual time. For systems that require a built-in real-time clock, a number of small, low-cost add-on boards with real-time clocks are available. The Raspberry Pi 5 is the first to include a real-time clock. If an external battery is not plugged in, the Pi 5 will use the Network Time Protocol, or will need to be set manually, as was the case in previous models.

The RP2040 microcontroller has a built-in real-time clock, but it can not be set without some form of user entry or network facility being added.

Connectors

Pi Pico

  • Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi Pico Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi Pico

Pi Compute Module

  • Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 Lite Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 Lite


Pi Zero

  • Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W

Model A

  • Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 1 Model A Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 1 Model A
  • Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 1 Model A+ revision 1.1 Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 1 Model A+ revision 1.1


Model B

  • Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 1 Model B revision 1.2 Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 1 Model B revision 1.2
  • Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+ revision 1.2 and Raspberry Pi 2 Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+ revision 1.2 and Raspberry Pi 2
  • Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 3 Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 3
  • Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 3+ Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 3+
  • Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 4 Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 4
  • Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 5 Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 5

J8 header and general purpose input-output (GPIO)

Raspberry Pi 1 Models A+ and B+, Pi 2 Model B, Pi 3 Models A+, B and B+, Pi 4, and Pi Zero, Zero W, Zero WH and Zero W 2 have the same 40-pin pinout (designated J8 across all models). Raspberry Pi 1 Models A and B have only the first 26 pins. The J8 header is commonly referred to as the GPIO connector as a whole, even though only a subset of the pins are GPIO pins. In the Pi Zero and Zero W, the 40 GPIO pins are unpopulated, having the through-holes exposed for soldering instead. The Zero WH (Wireless + Header) has the header pins preinstalled.

GPIO# func. Pin# Pin# func. GPIO#
+3.3 V 1 2 +5 V
2 SDA1 (IC) 3 4 +5 V
3 SCL1 (IC) 5 6 GND
4 GCLK 7 8 TXD0 (UART) 14
GND 9 10 RXD0 (UART) 15
17 GEN0 11 12 GEN1 18
27 GEN2 13 14 GND
22 GEN3 15 16 GEN4 23
+3.3 V 17 18 GEN5 24
10 MOSI (SPI) 19 20 GND
9 MISO (SPI) 21 22 GEN6 25
11 SCLK (SPI) 23 24 CE0_N (SPI) 8
GND 25 26 CE1_N (SPI) 7
0 ID_SD (IC) 27 28 ID_SC (IC) 1
5 N/A 29 30 GND
6 N/A 31 32 N/A 12
13 N/A 33 34 GND
19 N/A 35 36 N/A 16
26 N/A 37 38 Digital IN 20
GND 39 40 Digital OUT 21

Model B rev. 2 also has a pad (called P5 on the board and P6 on the schematics) of 8 pins offering access to an additional 4 GPIO connections. These GPIO pins were freed when the four board version identification links present in revision 1.0 were removed.

GPIO# func. Pin# Pin# func. GPIO#
+5 V 1 2 +3.3 V
28 GPIO_GEN7 3 4 GPIO_GEN8 29
30 GPIO_GEN9 5 6 GPIO_GEN10 31
GND 7 8 GND

Models A and B provide GPIO access to the ACT status LED using GPIO 16. Models A+ and B+ provide GPIO access to the ACT status LED using GPIO 47, and the power status LED using GPIO 35.

Specifications

Version Pico Model A (no Ethernet) Model B (with Ethernet) Compute Module Zero Keyboard
Raspberry Pi Pico Raspberry Pi Pico W Raspberry Pi Pico 2 RPi 1 Model A RPi 1 Model A+ RPi 3 Model A+ RPi 1 Model B RPi 1 Model B+ RPi 2 Model B RPi 2 Model B v1.2 RPi 3 Model B/A RPi 3 Model B+ RPi 4 Model B RPi 5 Compute Module 1 Compute Module 3 Compute Module 3 Lite Compute Module 3+ Compute Module 3+ Lite Compute Module 4 Compute Module 4 Lite RPi Zero PCB v1.2 RPi Zero PCB v1.3 RPi Zero W RPi Zero 2 W RPi 400
Release date Jan 2021 Jun 2022 Late 2024 Feb 2013 Nov 2014 Nov 2018 Apr–Jun 2012 Jul 2014 Feb 2015 Oct 2016 Feb 2016 Mar 2018 Jun 2019
May 2020 (8 GB) 		Oct 2023
(4GB & 8GB)
Aug 2024
(2GB) 		Apr 2014 Jan 2017 Jan 2019 Oct 2020 Nov 2015 May 2016 Feb 2017 Oct 2021 Nov 2020
Target price (USD) $4 $6 $5 $25 $20 $25 $35 $25 $35 $35/55/75 $50 (2 GB)
$60 (4 GB)
$80 (8 GB) 		$30 (in batches of 100) $30 $25 $30/35/40 $25 $30–$90 (in $5 increments) $25–$75 (in $5 increments) $5 $10 $15 $70
Instruction set Armv6-M ARMv8-M and/or RV32IMAC ARMv6Z (32-bit) ARMv8-A (64/32-bit) ARMv6Z (32-bit) ARMv7-A (32-bit) ARMv8-A (64/32-bit) ARMv8.2-A (64/32-bit) ARMv6Z (32-bit) ARMv8-A (64/32-bit) ARMv8-A (64/32-bit) ARMv6Z (32-bit) ARMv8-A (64/32-bit) ARMv8-A (64/32-bit)
Fabrication node 40 nm 40 nm 40 nm 40 nm 40 nm 40 nm 40 nm 28 nm 16 nm 40 nm 40 nm 28 nm 40 nm 28 nm
SoC RP2040 RP2350A Broadcom BCM2835 Broadcom BCM2837B0 Broadcom BCM2835 Broadcom BCM2836 Broadcom BCM2837 Broadcom BCM2837B0 Broadcom BCM2711 Broadcom BCM2712 Broadcom BCM2835 Broadcom BCM2837 Broadcom BCM2837B0 Broadcom BCM2711 Broadcom BCM2835 Broadcom BCM2710A1 Broadcom BCM2711C0
FPU Software emulation FPv5 VFPv2 VFPv4 + NEON VFPv2 VFPv4 + NEON VFPv2 VFPv4 + NEON VFPv2 VFPv4 + NEON VFPv4 + NEON
CPU 2× Arm Cortex-M0+ 2× of either Cortex-M33 or Hazard3 (selectable at boot) 1× ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz 4× Cortex-A53 1.4 GHz 1× ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz 4× Cortex-A7 900 MHz 4× Cortex-A53 900 MHz 4× Cortex-A53 1.2 GHz 4× Cortex-A53 1.4 GHz 4× Cortex-A72 1.5 GHz or 1.8 GHz 4× Cortex-A76 2.4 GHz 1× ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz 4× Cortex-A53 1.2 GHz 4× Cortex-A72 1.5 GHz 1× ARM1176JZF-S 1 GHz 4× Cortex-A53 1 GHz 4× Cortex-A72 1.8 GHz
GPU None Broadcom VideoCore IV @ 250 MHz Broadcom VideoCore IV @ 400 MHz (Core) / 300 MHz (V3D) Broadcom VideoCore VI @ 500 MHz Broadcom VideoCore VII @ 800 MHz Broadcom VideoCore IV @ 250 MHz Broadcom VideoCore VI @ 500 MHz Broadcom VideoCore IV @ 400 MHz (Core) / 300 MHz (V3D) Broadcom VideoCore VI @ 500 MHz
Memory (SDRAM) 264 KiB 520 KiB 256 MiB 256 or 512 MiB
Changed to 512 MB on 10 August 2016 		512 MiB 256 or 512 MiB
Changed to 512 MB on 15 October 2012 		512 MiB 1 GiB 1, 2, 4 or 8 GiB 2, 4 or 8 GiB 512 MB 1 GiB 1, 2, 4 or 8 GiB 512 MiB 4 GiB
USB 2.0 ports None 1 1 2 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 Micro-USB 1
USB 3.0 ports 0 2 0 2
USB OTG ports 0 1 (Power USB-C) 0 ? 1 Micro-USB 0
PCIe interface 0 PCIe Gen 2 x1 0 PCIe Gen 2 x1 0 0
Video input 15-pin MIPI camera interface (CSI) connector, used with the Raspberry Pi camera or Raspberry Pi NoIR camera 2× 22-pin mini-MIPI display/camera interface (DSI/CSI) 2× MIPI camera interface (CSI) 2-lane MIPI CSI camera interface, 4-lane MIPI CSI camera interface None MIPI camera interface (CSI) None
HDMI 1× HDMI (rev 1.3) 2× HDMI (rev 2.0) via Micro-HDMI 2x HDMI (rev?) 1 × HDMI 2 × HDMI 1 × Mini-HDMI 2× HDMI (rev 2.0) via Micro-HDMI
Composite video via RCA jack via 3.5 mm CTIA style TRRS jack via RCA jack via 3.5 mm CTIA style TRRS jack pair of 0.1"-spaced pads Yes ? via marked points on PCB for optional header pins ?
MIPI display interface (DSI) 1× standard size (15-pin, 1 mm pitch), for a display only 2× mini (22-pin, 0.5 mm pitch), each for a display or camera Yes Yes No ?
Audio inputs As of revision 2 boards via I²S ?
Audio outputs Analog via 3.5 mm phone jack; digital via HDMI and, as of revision 2 boards, I²S HDMI Analog, HDMI, I²S Mini-HDMI, stereo audio through PWM on GPIO Micro-HDMI
On-board storage None 0 or 2 MB internal flash SD, MMC, SDIO card slot (3.3 V with card power only) MicroSDHC slot SD, MMC, SDIO card slot MicroSDHC slot MicroSDHC slot, USB Boot Mode MicroSDHC UHS-1 Slot 4 GB eMMC flash memory chip MicroSDHC slot 8/16/32 GB eMMC flash memory chip MicroSDHC slot 8/16/32 GB eMMC flash memory chip MicroSDHC slot MicroSDHC slot MicroSDHC slot
Ethernet (8P8C) None None None 10/100 Mbit/s
USB adapter on the USB hub 		10/100 Mbit/s 10/100/1000 Mbit/s (real max speed 300 Mbit/s) 10/100/1000 Mbit/s(Broadcom BCM54213 PHY) None 10/100/1000 Mbit/s None None 10/100/1000 Mbit/s
WiFi IEEE 802.11 wireless None b/g/n single band 2.4 GHz None b/g/n/ac dual band 2.4/5 GHz None b/g/n single band 2.4 GHz b/g/n/ac dual band 2.4/5 GHz b/g/n/ac dual band 2.4/5 GHz (Infineon CYW43455) b/g/n/ac dual band 2.4/5 GHz (optional) b/g/n single band 2.4 GHz b/g/n/ac dual band 2.4/5 GHz
Bluetooth None 5.2 BLE None 4.2 BLE 4.1 BLE 4.2 LS BLE 5.0 5.0, BLE (optional) 4.1 BLE 4.2 BLE 5.0
Low-level peripherals UART 8× GPIO plus the following, which can also be used as GPIO: UART, I²C bus, SPI bus with two chip selects, I²S audio +3.3 V, +5 V, ground 17× GPIO plus the same specific functions, and HAT ID bus 8× GPIO plus the following, which can also be used as GPIO: UART, I²C bus, SPI bus with two chip selects, I²S audio +3.3 V, +5 V, ground. 17× GPIO plus the same specific functions, and HAT ID bus 17× GPIO plus the same specific functions, HAT, and an additional 4× UART, 4× SPI, and 4× I2C connectors. 46× GPIO, some of which can be used for specific functions including I²C, SPI, UART, PCM, PWM 28 × GPIO supporting either 1.8v or 3.3v signalling and peripheral options 17× GPIO plus the same specific functions, and HAT ID bus ?
Power ratings ? ? ? 300 mA (1.5 W) 200 mA (1 W) ? 700 mA (3.5 W) 200 mA (1 W) average when idle, 350 mA (1.75 W) maximum under stress (monitor, keyboard and mouse connected) 220 mA (1.1 W) average when idle, 820 mA (4.1 W) maximum under stress (monitor, keyboard and mouse connected) 300 mA (1.5 W) average when idle, 1.34 A (6.7 W) maximum under stress (monitor, keyboard, mouse and WiFi connected) 459 mA (2.295 W) average when idle, 1.13 A (5.661 W) maximum under stress (monitor, keyboard, mouse and WiFi connected) 600 mA (3 W) average when idle, 1.25 A (6.25 W) maximum under stress (monitor, keyboard, mouse and Ethernet connected),

1.6 A (8 W) for "power virus" workloads 3 A (15 W) power supply recommended.

12 W for "power virus" workloads 200 mA (1 W) 700 mA (3.5 W) ? ? ? 100 mA (0.5 W) average when idle, 350 mA (1.75 W) maximum under stress (monitor, keyboard and mouse connected) 120 mA (0.6 W) average when idle ?
Power source MicroUSB or GPIO Header 1.8 V to 5 V 5 V via MicroUSB or GPIO header 5 V via MicroUSB, GPIO header, or PoE (with the PoE HAT) 5 V via USB-C, GPIO header, or PoE (with the PoE HAT) 2.5–5 V, 3.3 V, 2.5–3.3 V, and 1.8 V 5 V 5 V via MicroUSB or GPIO header 5 V via USB-C
Size 51 mm × 21 mm 85.6 mm × 56.5 mm
(3.37 in × 2.22 in) 		65 mm × 56.5 mm × 10 mm
(2.56 in × 2.22 in × 0.39 in) 		65 mm × 56.5 mm
(2.56 in × 2.22 in) 		85.60 mm × 56.5 mm
(3.370 in × 2.224 in) 		85.60 mm × 56.5 mm × 17 mm
(3.370 in × 2.224 in × 0.669 in) 		85 mm x 56 mm 67.6 mm × 30 mm
(2.66 in × 1.18 in) 		67.6 mm × 31 mm
(2.66 in × 1.22 in) 		55 mm × 40 mm 65 mm × 30 mm × 5 mm
(2.56 in × 1.18 in × 0.20 in) 		286 mm × 113 mm × 23 mm
Weight ? ? ? 31 g
(1.1 oz) 		23 g
(0.81 oz) 		45 g
(1.6 oz) 		46 g
(1.6 oz) 		7 g
(0.25 oz) 		9 g
(0.32 oz) 		10.8 g
(0.38 oz)
Console ? ? ? Adding a USB network interface via tethering or a serial cable with optional GPIO power connector ? ? ?
Generation 1 2 1 1+ 3+ 1 1+ 2 2 ver 1.2 3 3+ 4 5 1 3 3 Lite 3+ 3+ Lite 4 4 Lite PCB ver 1.2 PCB ver 1.3 W (wireless) 2 W (wireless) 4
Obsolescence
Statement 		in production until at least January 2028 in production until at least January 2040 in production until at least January 2026 in production until at least January 2026 — in production until at least January 2026 — see PCB ver 1.2 — see ver 1.2 in production until at least January 2026 in production until at least January 2026 in production until at least January 2028 in production until at least January 2026 in production until at least January 2035 in production until at least January 2026 in production until at least January 2028 — or see PCB ver 1.3 in production until at least January 2026 in production until at least January 2026 in production until at least January 2028 ?
Type Pico Model A (no Ethernet) Model B (with Ethernet) Compute Module Zero Keyboard
  1. ^ 200-pin DDR2 SO-DIMM interface till CM3+,
  2. ^ BCM2837: 3D part of GPU at 300 MHz, video part of GPU at 400 MHz, OpenGL ES 2.0 (BCM2835, BCM2836: 24 GFLOPS / BCM2837: 28.8 GFLOPS). MPEG-2 and VC-1 (with licence), 1080p30 H.264/MPEG-4 AVC high-profile decoder and encoder (BCM2837: 1080p60)
  3. ^ Shared with GPU
  4. ^ Direct from the BCM2835 chip
  5. ^ Direct from the BCM2837B0 chip
  6. via on-board 3-port USB hub; one USB port internally connected to the Ethernet port.
  7. via on-board 5-port USB hub; one USB port internally connected to the Ethernet port.
  8. for raw LCD panels
  9. ^ Excluding protruding connectors
  10. Same as HAT board.

Simplified Model B changelog

Model Gen Variant Year SoC Clockspeed Cores /
Threads 		64-bit GFLOPS RAM
(GB) 		Video
Output 		4K
Ready 		USB Alt
Boot 		Ethernet
(Max. Gbit/s) 		Wi-Fi BT Power Source MSRP
(USD)
1b1RPi 1 Model B 1B (256 MB) 1b12012 BCM2835 0.7 GHz 1/1 0.213 00256 0.25 HDMI1.3
Composite 		2 × USB2.0 0.1 Micro-USB $35
1b2RPi 1 Model B (512 MB) 00512 0.5
1b3RPi 1 Model B+ 1B+ 1b32014 4 × USB2.0 $25
2b1RPi 2 Model B 2B 2b12015 BCM2836 0.9 GHz 4/4 1.47 01024 1 HDMI1.3 $35
2b2RPi 2 Model B v1.2 v1.2 2b22016 BCM2837 ✔ 4.43
3b1RPi 3 Model B 3B 1.2 GHz ✔ 3.62 USB
Network
(through OTP bit setting) 		b/g/nsingle-band
(2.4 GHz only) 		4.1 BLE
3b2RPi 3 Model B+ 3B+ 3b22018 BCM2837B0 1.4 GHz ✔ 5.3 USB
Network 		0.35 b/g/n/acdual-band 4.2 LS BLE
4b1RPi 4 Model B 4B (1 GB) 4b12019 BCM2711 1.5 GHz/1.8 GHz ✔ 9.92 2 × Micro-HDMI2.0 ✔ 2 × USB2.0
2 × USB3.0 		1.0 5.0 USB-C
4b2RPi 4 Model B (2 GB) ✔ 02048 2 ✔ $35from $45
4b3RPi 4 Model B (4 GB) ✔ 13.5 04096 4 ✔ $55
4b4RPi 4 Model B (8 GB) 4b42020 ✔ 08192 8 ✔ $75
5b1RPi 5 5B (2 GB) 2024 BCM2712D0 2.4 GHz ✔ 2 ✔ $50
5b1RPi 5 (4 GB) 2023 BCM2712 ✔ 4 ✔ $60
5b2RPi 5 (8 GB) ✔ 8 ✔ $80

Software

Operating systems

Various operating systems for the Raspberry Pi can be installed on a MicroSD or SD card, depending on the board and available adapters; seen here is the MicroSD slot located on the bottom of a Raspberry Pi 2 board.

Raspberry Pi provides Raspberry Pi OS (formerly called Raspbian), a Debian-based Linux distribution for download, as well as third-party Ubuntu, Windows 10 IoT Core, RISC OS, LibreELEC (specialised media centre distribution) and specialised distributions for the Kodi media centre and classroom management. It promotes Python and Scratch as the main programming languages, with support for many other languages. The default firmware is closed source, while unofficial open source firmware is available. Many other operating systems can also run on the Raspberry Pi. The formally verified microkernel seL4 is also supported. There are several ways of installing multiple operating systems on one mSD card.

Other operating systems (not Linux- nor BSD-based)
  • Broadcom VCOS – Proprietary operating system which includes an abstraction layer designed to integrate with existing kernels, such as ThreadX (which is used on the VideoCore4 processor), providing drivers and middleware for application development. In the case of the Raspberry Pi, this includes an application to start the ARM processor(s) and provide the publicly documented API over a mailbox interface, serving as its firmware. An incomplete source of a Linux port of VCOS is available as part of the reference graphics driver published by Broadcom.
  • Haiku – an open source BeOS clone that has been compiled for the Raspberry Pi and several other ARM boards. Work on Pi 1 began in 2011, but only the Pi 2 will be supported.
  • HelenOS – a portable microkernel-based multiserver operating system; has basic Raspberry Pi support since version 0.6.0
  • Plan 9 from Bell Labs and Inferno (in beta)
  • QNX
  • RISC OS Pi (a cut-down version of RISC OS Pico, for 16 MB cards and larger for all models of Pi 1 & 2, has also been made available)
  • Ultibo Core – OS-less unikernel Run Time Library based on Free Pascal. Lazarus IDE (Windows with 3rd party ports to Linux and MacOS). Most Pi models supported.
  • Windows 10 IoT Core – a zero-price edition of Windows 10 offered by Microsoft that runs natively on the Raspberry Pi 2.
Other operating systems (Linux-based)
  • Alpine Linux – a Linux distribution based on musl and BusyBox, "designed for power users who appreciate security, simplicity and resource efficiency".
  • Android is available for non-commercial use from KonstaKANG
  • Arch Linux ARM – a port of Arch Linux for ARM processors; the Arch-based Manjaro is also available for ARM
  • arkOS – designed for website and email self-hosting
  • CentOS for Raspberry Pi 2 and later
  • Devuan
  • emteria.OS – an embedded, managed version of the Android operating system for professional fleet management
  • Fedora (supports Pi 2 and later since Fedora 25, Pi 1 is supported by some unofficial derivatives) and RedSleeve (a RHEL port) for Raspberry Pi 1
  • Gentoo Linux
  • Kali Linux – a Debian-derived distribution designed for digital forensics and penetration testing
  • MX Linux – based on Debian Stable and including antiX components, this OS is available in Xfce, from which KDE and Fluxbox versions can be produced
  • openSUSE, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP2 and Server 12 SP3 (commercial support)
  • OpenWrt – a highly extensible Linux distribution for embedded devices (typically wireless routers). It supports Pi 1, 2, 3, 4 and Zero W.
  • Pop!_PI for Raspberry Pi 4 is a distribution of Pop!_OS 22.04
  • postmarketOS – distribution based on Alpine Linux, primarily developed for smartphones
  • RetroPie – an offshoot of Raspbian OS that uses Emulation Station as its frontend for RetroArch and other emulators like Mupen64 for retro gaming. Hardware like Freeplay tech can help replace Game boy internals with RetroPie emulation.
  • NixOS – a Linux distribution based on the purely functional package management system Nix. NixOS is composed using modules and packages defined in the Nixpkgs project.
  • Rocky Linux
  • Sailfish OS with Raspberry Pi 2 (due to use ARM Cortex-A7 CPU; Raspberry Pi 1 uses different ARMv6 architecture and Sailfish requires ARMv7.)
  • Slackware ARM – version 13.37 and later runs on the Raspberry Pi without modification. The 128–496 MB of available memory on the Raspberry Pi is at least twice the minimum requirement of 64 MB needed to run Slackware Linux on an ARM or i386 system. (Whereas the majority of Linux systems boot into a graphical user interface, Slackware's default user environment is the textual shell / command line interface.) The Fluxbox window manager running under the X Window System requires an additional 48 MB of RAM.
  • SolydXK – a light Debian-derived distro with Xfce
  • Tiny Core Linux – a minimal Linux operating system focused on providing a base system using BusyBox and FLTK. Designed to run primarily in RAM.
  • Tizen – a Linux-based mobile operating system that was backed by the Linux Foundation and was mainly developed and primarily used by Samsung
  • Trisquel, a fully free GNU/Linux distribution
Other operating systems (BSD-based)

Driver APIs

See also: VideoCore § Linux support
Scheme of the implemented APIs: OpenMAX IL, OpenGL ES and OpenVG

Raspberry Pi can use a VideoCore IV GPU via a binary blob, which is loaded into the GPU at boot time from the SD-card, and additional software, that initially was closed source. This part of the driver code was later released. However, much of the actual driver work is done using the closed source GPU code. Application software makes calls to closed source run-time libraries (OpenMAX IL, OpenGL ES or OpenVG), which in turn call an open source driver inside the Linux kernel, which then calls the closed source VideoCore IV GPU driver code. The API of the kernel driver is specific for these closed libraries. Video applications use OpenMAX IL, 3D applications use OpenGL ES and 2D applications use OpenVG, which both in turn use EGL. OpenMAX IL and EGL use the open source kernel driver in turn.

Vulkan driver

Raspberry Pi first announced it was working on a Vulkan driver in February 2020. A working Vulkan driver running Quake 3 at 100 frames per second on a 3B+ was revealed by a graphics engineer who had been working on it as a hobby project on 20 June. On 24 November 2020 Raspberry Pi announced that their driver for the Raspberry Pi 4 is Vulkan 1.0 conformant. Raspberry Pi Trading announced further driver conformance for Vulkan 1.1 and 1.2 on 26 October 2021 and 1 August 2022.

Firmware

The official firmware is a freely redistributable binary blob, that is proprietary software. A minimal proof-of-concept open source firmware is also available, mainly aimed at initialising and starting the ARM cores as well as performing minimal startup that is required on the ARM side. It is also capable of booting a very minimal Linux kernel, with patches to remove the dependency on the mailbox interface being responsive. It is known to work on Raspberry Pi 1, 2 and 3, as well as some variants of Raspberry Pi Zero.

Third-party application software

  • AstroPrint – AstroPrint's wireless 3D printing software can be run on the Pi 2.
  • C/C++ Interpreter Ch – Released 3 January 2017, C/C++ interpreter Ch and Embedded Ch are released free for non-commercial use for Raspberry Pi, ChIDE is also included for the beginners to learn C/C++.
  • Minecraft (Pi edition) – Released 11 February 2013 and support ended on 24 January 2016, a modified version that allows players to directly alter the world with computer code.
  • RealVNC – Since 28 September 2016, Raspbian includes RealVNC's remote access server and viewer software. This includes a new capture technology which allows directly rendered content (e.g. Minecraft, camera preview and omxplayer) as well as non-X11 applications to be viewed and controlled remotely.
  • Steam Link – On 13 December 2018, Valve released official Steam Link game streaming client for the Raspberry Pi 3 and 3 B+.
  • UserGate Web Filter – On 20 September 2013, Florida-based security vendor Entensys announced porting UserGate Web Filter to Raspberry Pi platform.

Software development tools

  • Algoid – for teaching programming to children and beginners.
  • Arduino IDE – for programming an Arduino.
  • BlueJ – for teaching Java to beginners.
  • C-STEM Studio – a platform for hands-on integrated learning of computing, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (C-STEM) with robotics.
  • CircuitPython - an educational fork of MicroPython for microcontrollers and single-board computers
  • Erlang – a functional language for building concurrent systems with light-weight processes and message passing.
  • Greenfoot – Greenfoot teaches object orientation with Java. Create 'actors' which live in 'worlds' to build games, simulations, and other graphical programs.
  • Julia – an interactive and cross-platform programming language/environment, that runs on the Pi 1 and later. IDEs for Julia, such as Visual Studio Code, are available. See also Pi-specific GitHub repository JuliaBerry.
  • LabVIEW Community Edition – a system-design platform and development environment for a visual programming language from National Instruments.
  • Mathematica – a powerful multi-paradigm mathematical programming environment and kernel.
  • Lazarus – a Free Pascal RAD IDE
  • LiveCode – an educational RAD IDE descended from HyperCard using English-like language to write event-handlers for WYSIWYG widgets runnable on desktop, mobile and Raspberry Pi platforms.
  • Ninja-IDE – a cross-platform integrated development environment (IDE) for Python.
  • Processing – an IDE built for the electronic arts, new media art, and visual design communities with the purpose of teaching the fundamentals of computer programming in a visual context.
  • Scratch – a cross-platform teaching IDE using visual blocks that stack like Lego blocks, originally developed by MIT's Life Long Kindergarten group. The Pi version is heavily optimized for the limited computer resources available and is implemented in the Squeak Smalltalk system.
  • Squeak Smalltalk – a full-scale open Smalltalk.
  • TensorFlow – an artificial intelligence framework developed by Google. Raspberry Pi worked with Google to simplify the installation process through pre-built binaries.
  • Thonny – a Python IDE for beginners.
  • V-Play Game Engine – a cross-platform development framework that supports mobile game and app development with the V-Play Game Engine, V-Play apps, and V-Play plugins.
  • Xojo – a cross-platform RAD tool that can create desktop, web and console apps for Pi 2 and Pi 3.

Accessories

Raspberry Pi 5 megapixel camera
Version 2 of the Pi Camera
Raspberry Pi High Quality Camera Module
Raspberry Pi 4 Model B with a "TV Hat" card (for DVB-T/T2 television reception) attached
  • Gertboard – A Raspberry Pi-sanctioned device, designed for educational purposes, that expands the Raspberry Pi's GPIO pins to allow interface with and control of LEDs, switches, analogue signals, sensors and other devices. It may include an optional Arduino-compatible controller to interface with the Pi.
  • Camera – In May 2013, Raspberry Pi and their distributors RS Components and Premier Farnell/Element 14 launched the Raspberry Pi Camera alongside a firmware update to accommodate it. The camera has a flexible flat cable that plugs into the CSI connector, between the Ethernet and HDMI ports. In Raspbian, the user must enable the use of the camera board by running Raspi-config and selecting the camera option. The camera module costs €20 in Europe (9 September 2013). It uses the OmniVision OV5647 image sensor and can produce 1080p, 720p and 640x480p video. The dimensions are 25 mm × 20 mm × 9 mm. In May 2016, v2 of the camera was launched: it is an 8-megapixel camera using a Sony IMX219. In January 2023, v3 of the camera was launched: it is a 12-megapixel camera using a Sony IMX708.
  • Infrared camera – In October 2013, Raspberry Pi announced that they would begin producing a camera module without an infrared filter, called the Pi NoIR.
  • Official display – In September 2015, Raspberry Pi and their distributors RS Components and Premier Farnell/Element 14 launched the Raspberry Pi Touch Display
  • HAT (Hardware Attached on Top) expansion boards – Together with the Model B+, inspired by Arduino shield boards, the interface for HAT boards was devised by Raspberry Pi. Each HAT board carries a small EEPROM (typically a CAT24C32WI-GT3) containing the relevant details of the board, so that the Raspberry Pi's OS is informed of the HAT, and the technical details of it. Mechanical details of a HAT board, which uses the four mounting holes in their rectangular formation, are available online.
  • High quality camera – In May 2020, the 12.3-megapixel Sony IMX477 Exmor sensor camera module was released with support for C- and CS-mount lenses. The unit initially retailed for US$50, with interchangeable lenses starting at US$25.

Vulnerability to flashes of light

In February 2015, a switched-mode power supply chip, designated U16, of the Raspberry Pi 2 Model B version 1.1 (the initially released version) was found to be vulnerable to flashes of light, particularly the light from xenon camera flashes and green and red laser pointers. The U16 chip has WL-CSP packaging, which exposes the bare silicon die. The Raspberry Pi Foundation blog recommended covering U16 with opaque material (such as Sugru or Blu-Tak) or putting the Raspberry Pi 2 in a case. This issue was not discovered before the release of the Raspberry Pi 2 because it is not standard or common practice to test susceptibility to optical interference, while commercial electronic devices are routinely subjected to tests of susceptibility to radio interference.

Reception and use

NASA's Open Source Rover powered by a Raspberry Pi 3

Technology writer Glyn Moody described the project in May 2011 as a "potential BBC Micro 2.0", not by replacing PC compatible machines but by supplementing them. In March 2012 Stephen Pritchard echoed the BBC Micro successor sentiment in ITPRO. Alex Hope, co-author of the Next Gen report, is hopeful that the computer will engage children with the excitement of programming. Co-author Ian Livingstone suggested that the BBC could be involved in building support for the device, possibly branding it as the BBC Nano. The Centre for Computing History strongly supports the Raspberry Pi project, feeling that it could "usher in a new era". Before release, the board was showcased by ARM's CEO Warren East at an event in Cambridge outlining Google's ideas to improve UK science and technology education.

Harry Fairhead, however, suggests that more emphasis should be put on improving the educational software available on existing hardware, using tools such as Google App Inventor to return programming to schools, rather than adding new hardware choices. Simon Rockman, writing in a ZDNet blog, was of the opinion that teens will have "better things to do", despite what happened in the 1980s.

In October 2012, the Raspberry Pi won T3's Innovation of the Year award, and futurist Mark Pesce cited a (borrowed) Raspberry Pi as the inspiration for his ambient device project MooresCloud. In October 2012, the British Computer Society responded to the announcement of enhanced specifications by stating, "it's definitely something we'll want to sink our teeth into."

In June 2017, Raspberry Pi won the Royal Academy of Engineering MacRobert Award. The citation for the award to the Raspberry Pi said it was "for its inexpensive credit card-sized microcomputers, which are redefining how people engage with computing, inspiring students to learn coding and computer science and providing innovative control solutions for industry."

Clusters of hundreds of Raspberry Pis have been used for testing programs destined for supercomputers.

Community

The Raspberry Pi community was described by Jamie Ayre of FOSS software company AdaCore as one of the most exciting parts of the project. Community blogger Russell Davis said that the community strength allows the Foundation to concentrate on documentation and teaching. The community developed a fanzine around the platform called The MagPi which in 2015, was handed over to Raspberry Pi (Trading) Ltd by its volunteers to be continued in-house. A series of community Raspberry Jam events have been held across the UK and around the world.

Education

As of January 2012, enquiries about the board in the United Kingdom have been received from schools in both the state and private sectors, with around five times as much interest from the latter. It is hoped that businesses will sponsor purchases for less advantaged schools. The CEO of Premier Farnell said that the government of a country in the Middle East has expressed interest in providing a board to every schoolgirl, to enhance her employment prospects.

In 2014, the Raspberry Pi Foundation hired a number of its community members including ex-teachers and software developers to launch a set of free learning resources for its website. The Foundation also started a teacher training course called Picademy with the aim of helping teachers prepare for teaching the new computing curriculum using the Raspberry Pi in the classroom.

In 2018, NASA launched the JPL Open Source Rover Project, which is a scaled down version of Curiosity rover and uses a Raspberry Pi as the control module, to encourage students and hobbyists to get involved in mechanical, software, electronics, and robotics engineering.

Home automation

There are a number of developers and applications that are using the Raspberry Pi for home automation. These programmers are making an effort to modify the Raspberry Pi into a cost-affordable solution in energy monitoring and power consumption. Because of the relatively low cost of the Raspberry Pi, this has become a popular and economical alternative to the more expensive commercial solutions.

Industrial automation

Compute Module 1
Compute Module 3+

In June 2014, Polish industrial automation manufacturer TECHBASE released ModBerry, an industrial computer based on the Raspberry Pi Compute Module. The device has a number of interfaces, most notably RS-485/232 serial ports, digital and analogue inputs/outputs, CAN and economical 1-Wire buses, all of which are widely used in the automation industry. The design allows the use of the Compute Module in harsh industrial environments, leading to the conclusion that the Raspberry Pi is no longer limited to home and science projects, but can be widely used as an Industrial IoT solution and achieve goals of Industry 4.0.

In March 2018, SUSE announced commercial support for SUSE Linux Enterprise on the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B to support a number of undisclosed customers implementing industrial monitoring with the Raspberry Pi.

In January 2021, TECHBASE announced a Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 cluster for AI accelerator, routing and file server use. The device contains one or more standard Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4s in an industrial DIN rail housing, with some versions containing one or more Coral Edge tensor processing units.

Commercial products

The Organelle is a portable synthesiser, a sampler, a sequencer, and an effects processor designed and assembled by Critter & Guitari. It incorporates a Raspberry Pi computer module running Linux.

OTTO is a digital camera created by Next Thing Co. It incorporates a Raspberry Pi Compute Module. It was successfully crowd-funded in a May 2014 Kickstarter campaign.

Slice is a digital media player which also uses a Compute Module as its heart. It was crowd-funded in an August 2014 Kickstarter campaign. The software running on Slice is based on Kodi.

Numerous commercial thin client computer terminals use the Raspberry Pi.

AutoPi TMU device is a telematics unit which is built on top of a Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 and incorporates the philosophy of which Raspberry Pi was built upon.

COVID-19 pandemic

During the COVID-19 pandemic, demand increased primarily due to the increase in remote work, but also because of the use of many Raspberry Pi Zeros in ventilators for COVID-19 patients in countries such as Colombia, which were used to combat strain on the healthcare system. In March 2020, Raspberry Pi sales reached 640,000 units, the second largest month of sales in the company's history.

Astro Pi and Proxima

A project was launched in December 2014 at an event held by the UK Space Agency. The Astro Pi was an augmented Raspberry Pi that included a sensor hat with a visible light or infrared camera. The Astro Pi competition, called Principia, was officially opened in January and was opened to all primary and secondary school aged children who were residents of the United Kingdom. During his mission, British ESA astronaut Tim Peake deployed the computers on board the International Space Station. He loaded the winning code while in orbit, collected the data generated and then sent this to Earth where it was distributed to the winning teams. Covered themes during the competition included spacecraft sensors, satellite imaging, space measurements, data fusion and space radiation.

The organisations involved in the Astro Pi competition include the UK Space Agency, UKspace, Raspberry Pi, ESERO-UK and ESA.

In 2017, the European Space Agency ran another competition open to all students in the European Union called Proxima. The winning programs were run on the ISS by Thomas Pesquet, a French astronaut. In December 2021, the Dragon 2 spacecraft launched by NASA had a pair of Astro Pi in it.

History

This section is in list format but may read better as prose. You can help by converting this section, if appropriate. Editing help is available. (February 2015)
An early alpha-test board in operation using different layout from later beta and production boards

The computer is inspired by Acorn's BBC Micro of 1981. The Model A, Model B and Model B+ names are references to the original models of the British educational BBC Micro computer, developed by Acorn Computers.

According to Upton, the name "Raspberry Pi" was chosen with "Raspberry" as an ode to a tradition of naming early computer companies after fruit, and "Pi" as a reference to the Python programming language.

In 2006, early concepts of the Raspberry Pi were based on the Atmel ATmega644 microcontroller. Its schematics and PCB layout are publicly available. Foundation trustee Eben Upton assembled a group of teachers, academics and computer enthusiasts to devise a computer to inspire children.

The first ARM prototype version of the computer was mounted in a package the same size as a USB memory stick. It had a USB port on one end and an HDMI port on the other.

The Foundation's goal was to offer two versions, priced at US$25 and $35. They started accepting orders for the higher priced Model B on 29 February 2012, the lower cost Model A on 4 February 2013. and the even lower cost (US$20) A+ on 10 November 2014. On 26 November 2015, the cheapest Raspberry Pi yet, the Raspberry Pi Zero, was launched at US$5 or £4.

Pre-launch

  • July 2011 – Trustee Eben Upton publicly approached the RISC OS Open community in July 2011 to inquire about assistance with a port. Adrian Lees at Broadcom has since worked on the port, with his work being cited in a discussion regarding the graphics drivers. This port is now included in NOOBS.
  • August 2011 – 50 alpha boards are manufactured. These boards were functionally identical to the planned Model B, but they were physically larger to accommodate debug headers. Demonstrations of the board showed it running the LXDE desktop on Debian, Quake 3 at 1080p, and Full HD MPEG-4 video over HDMI.
  • October 2011 – A version of RISC OS 5 was demonstrated in public, and following a year of development the port was released for general consumption in November 2012.
  • December 2011 – Twenty-five Model B Beta boards were assembled and tested from one hundred unpopulated PCBs. The component layout of the Beta boards was the same as on production boards. A single error was discovered in the board design where some pins on the CPU were not held high; it was fixed for the first production run. The Beta boards were demonstrated booting Linux, playing a 1080p movie trailer and the Rightware Samurai OpenGL ES benchmark.
  • Early 2012 – During the first week of the year, the first 10 boards were put up for auction on eBay. One was bought anonymously and donated to the museum at The Centre for Computing History in Cambridge, England. The ten boards (with a total retail price of £220) together raised over £16,000, with the last to be auctioned, serial number No. 01, raising £3,500. In advance of the anticipated launch at the end of February 2012, the Foundation's servers struggled to cope with the load placed by watchers repeatedly refreshing their browsers.

Launch

  • 19 February 2012 – The first proof of concept SD card image that could be loaded onto an SD card to produce a preliminary operating system is released. The image was based on Debian 6.0 (Squeeze), with the LXDE desktop and the Midori browser, plus various programming tools. The image also runs on QEMU allowing the Raspberry Pi to be emulated on various other platforms.
  • 29 February 2012 – Initial sales commence 29 February 2012 at 06:00 UTC;. At the same time, it was announced that the model A, originally to have had 128 MB of RAM, was to be upgraded to 256 MB before release. The Foundation's website also announced: "Six years after the project's inception, we're nearly at the end of our first run of development – although it's just the beginning of the Raspberry Pi story." The web-shops of the two licensed manufacturers selling Raspberry Pi's within the United Kingdom, Premier Farnell and RS Components, had their websites stalled by heavy web traffic immediately after the launch (RS Components briefly going down completely). Unconfirmed reports suggested that there were over two million expressions of interest or pre-orders. The official Raspberry Pi Twitter account reported that Premier Farnell sold out within a few minutes of the initial launch, while RS Components took over 100,000 pre orders on day one. Manufacturers were reported in March 2012 to be taking a "healthy number" of pre-orders.
  • March 2012 – Shipping delays for the first batch were announced in March 2012, as the result of installation of an incorrect Ethernet port, but the Foundation expected that manufacturing quantities of future batches could be increased with little difficulty if required. "We have ensured we can get them in large numbers and Premier Farnell and RS Components have been fantastic at helping to source components," Upton said. The first batch of 10,000 boards was manufactured in Taiwan and China.
  • 8 March 2012 – Release Raspberry Pi Fedora Remix, the recommended Linux distribution, developed at Seneca College in Canada.
  • March 2012 – The Debian port is initiated by Mike Thompson, former CTO of Atomz. The effort was largely carried out by Thompson and Peter Green, a volunteer Debian developer, with some support from the Foundation, who tested the resulting binaries that the two produced during the early stages (neither Thompson nor Green had physical access to the hardware, as boards were not widely accessible at the time due to demand). While the preliminary proof of concept image distributed by the Foundation before launch was also Debian-based, it differed from Thompson and Green's Raspbian effort in a couple of ways. The POC image was based on then-stable Debian Squeeze, while Raspbian aimed to track then-upcoming Debian Wheezy packages. Aside from the updated packages that would come with the new release, Wheezy was also set to introduce the armhf architecture, which became the raison d'être for the Raspbian effort. The Squeeze-based POC image was limited to the armel architecture, which was, at the time of Squeeze's release, the latest attempt by the Debian project to have Debian run on the newest ARM embedded-application binary interface (EABI). The armhf architecture in Wheezy intended to make Debian run on the ARM VFP hardware floating-point unit, while armel was limited to emulating floating point operations in software. Since the Raspberry Pi included a VFP, being able to make use of the hardware unit would result in performance gains and reduced power use for floating point operations. The armhf effort in mainline Debian, however, was orthogonal to the work surrounding the Pi and only intended to allow Debian to run on ARMv7 at a minimum, which would mean the Pi, an ARMv6 device, would not benefit. As a result, Thompson and Green set out to build the 19,000 Debian packages for the device using a custom build cluster.

Post-launch

  • 16 April 2012 – Reports emerge from the first buyers who had received their Raspberry Pi.
  • 20 April 2012 – The schematics for the Model A and Model B are released.
  • 18 May 2012 – The Foundation reported on its blog about a prototype camera module they had tested. The prototype used a 14-megapixel module.
  • 22 May 2012 – Over 20,000 units had been shipped.
  • July 2012 – Release of Raspbian.
  • 16 July 2012 – It was announced that 4,000 units were being manufactured per day, allowing Raspberry Pis to be purchased in bulk.
  • 24 August 2012 – Hardware accelerated video (H.264) encoding becomes available after it became known that the existing licence also covered encoding. Formerly it was thought that encoding would be added with the release of the announced camera module. However, no stable software exists for hardware H.264 encoding. At the same time the Foundation released two additional codecs that can be bought separately, MPEG-2 and Microsoft's VC-1. Also it was announced that the Pi will implement CEC, enabling it to be controlled with the television's remote control.
  • 5 September 2012 – The Foundation announced a second revision of the Raspberry Pi Model B. A revision 2.0 board is announced, with a number of minor corrections and improvements.
  • 6 September 2012 – Announcement that in future the bulk of Raspberry Pi units would be manufactured in the UK, at Sony's manufacturing facility in Pencoed, Wales. The Foundation estimated that the plant would produce 30,000 units per month, and would create about 30 new jobs.
  • 15 October 2012 – It is announced that new Raspberry Pi Model Bs are to be fitted with 512 MB instead of 256 MB RAM.
  • 24 October 2012 – The Foundation announces that "all of the VideoCore driver code which runs on the ARM" had been released as free software under a BSD-style licence, making it "the first ARM-based multimedia SoC with fully-functional, vendor-provided (as opposed to partial, reverse engineered) fully open-source drivers", although this claim has not been universally accepted. On 28 February 2014, they also announced the release of full documentation for the VideoCore IV graphics core, and a complete source release of the graphics stack under a 3-clause BSD licence
  • October 2012 – It was reported that some customers of one of the two main distributors had been waiting more than six months for their orders. This was reported to be due to difficulties in sourcing the CPU and conservative sales forecasting by this distributor.
  • 17 December 2012 – The Foundation, in collaboration with IndieCity and Velocix, opens the Pi Store, as a "one-stop shop for all your Raspberry Pi (software) needs". Using an application included in Raspbian, users can browse through several categories and download what they want. Software can also be uploaded for moderation and release.
  • 3 June 2013 – "New Out of Box Software" or NOOBS is introduced. This makes the Raspberry Pi easier to use by simplifying the installation of an operating system. Instead of using specific software to prepare an SD card, a file is unzipped and the contents copied over to a FAT formatted (4 GB or bigger) SD card. That card can then be booted on the Raspberry Pi and a choice of six operating systems is presented for installation on the card. The system also contains a recovery partition that allows for the quick restoration of the installed OS, tools to modify the config.txt and an online help button and web browser which directs to the Raspberry Pi Forums.
  • October 2013 – Raspberry Pi announces that the one millionth Pi had been manufactured in the United Kingdom.
  • November 2013: they announce that the two millionth Pi shipped between 24 and 31 October.
  • 28 February 2014 – On the day of the second anniversary of the Raspberry Pi, Broadcom, together with Raspberry Pi, announced the release of full documentation for the VideoCore IV graphics core, and a complete source release of the graphics stack under a 3-clause BSD licence.

Raspberry Pi Compute Module
Raspberry Pi Model B
Compute Module 4
  • 7 April 2014 – The official Raspberry Pi blog announced the Raspberry Pi Compute Module, a device in a 200-pin DDR2 SO-DIMM-configured memory module (though not in any way compatible with such RAM), intended for consumer electronics designers to use as the core of their own products.
  • June 2014 – The official Raspberry Pi blog mentioned that the three millionth Pi shipped in early May 2014.
  • 14 July 2014 – The official Raspberry Pi blog announced the Raspberry Pi Model B+, "the final evolution of the original Raspberry Pi. For the same price as the original Raspberry Pi model B, but incorporating numerous small improvements people have been asking for".
  • 10 November 2014 – The official Raspberry Pi blog announced the Raspberry Pi Model A+. It is the smallest and cheapest (US$20) Raspberry Pi so far and has the same processor and RAM as the Model A. Like the A, it has no Ethernet port, and only one USB port, but does have the other innovations of the B+, like lower power, micro-SD-card slot, and 40-pin HAT compatible GPIO.
  • 2 February 2015 – The official Raspberry Pi blog announced the Raspberry Pi 2. Looking like a Model B+, it has a 900 MHz quad-core ARMv7 Cortex-A7 CPU, twice the memory (for a total of 1 GB) and complete compatibility with the original generation of Raspberry Pis.
  • 14 May 2015 – The price of Model B+ was decreased from US$35 to $25, purportedly as a "side effect of the production optimizations" from the Pi 2 development. Industry observers have sceptically noted, however, that the price drop appeared to be a direct response to the CHIP, a lower-priced competitor discontinued in April 2017.
  • 29 September 2015 – A new version of the Raspbian operating system, based on Debian Jessie, is released.
  • 26 November 2015 – Raspberry Pi launched the Raspberry Pi Zero, the smallest and cheapest member of the Raspberry Pi family yet, at 65 mm × 30 mm, and US$5. The Zero is similar to the Model A+ without camera and LCD connectors, while smaller and uses less power. It was given away with the Raspberry Pi magazine Magpi No. 40 that was distributed in the UK and US that day – the MagPi was sold out at almost every retailer internationally due to the freebie.
  • 29 February 2016 – Raspberry Pi 3 with a BCM2837 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad processor based on the ARMv8 Cortex-A53, with built-in Wi-Fi BCM43438 802.11n 2.4 GHz and Bluetooth 4.1 Low Energy (BLE). Starting with a 32-bit Raspbian version, with a 64-bit version later to come if "there is value in moving to 64-bit mode". In the same announcement it was said that a new BCM2837 based Compute Module was expected to be introduced a few months later.
  • February 2016 – Raspberry Pi announces that they had sold eight million devices (for all models combined), making it the best-selling UK personal computer, ahead of the Amstrad PCW. Sales reached ten million in September 2016.
  • 25 April 2016 – Raspberry Pi Camera v2.1 announced with 8 Mpixels, in normal and NoIR (can receive IR) versions. The camera uses the Sony IMX219 chip with a resolution of 3280 × 2464. To make use of the new resolution the software has to be updated.
  • 10 October 2016 – NEC Display Solutions announces that select models of commercial displays to be released in early 2017 will incorporate a Raspberry Pi 3 Compute Module.
  • 14 October 2016 – Raspberry Pi announces their co-operation with NEC Display Solutions. They expect that the Raspberry Pi 3 Compute Module will be available to the general public by the end of 2016.
  • 25 November 2016 – 11 million units sold.
  • 16 January 2017 – Compute Module 3 and Compute Module 3 Lite are launched.
  • 28 February 2017 – Raspberry Pi Zero W with WiFi and Bluetooth via chip scale antennas launched.
  • 17 August 2017 – The Raspbian operating system is upgraded to a new version, based on Debian Stretch.
  • 14 March 2018 – On Pi Day, Raspberry Pi introduced Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ with improvements in the Raspberry PI 3B computers performance, updated version of the Broadcom application processor, better wireless Wi-Fi and Bluetooth performance and addition of the 5 GHz band.
  • 15 November 2018 – Raspberry Pi 3 Model A+ launched.
  • 28 January 2019 – Compute Module 3+ (CM3+/Lite, CM3+/8 GB, CM3+/16 GB and CM3+/32 GB) launched.
  • 24 June 2019 – Raspberry Pi 4 Model B launched, along with a new version of the Raspbian operating system based on Debian Buster.
  • 10 December 2019 – 30 million units sold; sales are about 6 million per year.
  • 28 May 2020 – An 8 GB version of the Raspberry Pi 4 is announced for $75. Raspberry Pi OS is split off from Raspbian, and now includes a beta of a 64-bit version that allows programs to use more than 4 GB of RAM.
  • 19 October 2020 – Compute Module 4 launched.
  • 2 November 2020 – Raspberry Pi 400 launched. It is a keyboard which incorporates Raspberry Pi 4 into it. GPIO pins of the Raspberry Pi 4 are accessible.
  • 21 January 2021 – Raspberry Pi Pico launched. It is the first microcontroller-class product from Raspberry Pi. It is based on RP2040 Microcontroller developed by Raspberry Pi.
  • 11 May 2021 – 40 million units sold.
  • 21 September 2021 – 42 million units sold.
  • 30 October 2021 – Raspberry Pi OS (formerly Raspbian) is updated version 11, based on Debian Bullseye. With this release, the default clock speed for revision 1.4 of the Raspberry Pi 4 is increased to 1.8 GHz.
  • 16 November 2021 – 43 million units sold.
  • 28 February 2022, exactly 10 years after the first shipment, 46 million units sold.
Raspberry Pi Cumulative Shipment Units (mil)
Raspberry Pi Cumulative Shipment Units (mil)

Sales

According to Raspberry Pi, more than 5 million Raspberry Pis were sold by February 2015, making it the best-selling British computer. By November 2016 they had sold 11 million units, and 12.5 million by March 2017, making it the third best-selling "general purpose computer". In July 2017, sales reached nearly 15 million, climbing to 19 million in March 2018. By December 2019, a total of 30 million devices had been sold.

Supply and demand difficulties

The global chip shortage starting in 2020, as well as an uptake in demand starting in early 2021, notably affected the Raspberry Pi, causing significant availability issues from that time onward. The company explained its approach to the shortages in 2021, and April 2022, explaining that it was prioritising business and industrial customers.

The situation is sufficiently long term that at least one automated stock checker is online.

See also

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