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Politics of Palestine
Officeholders whose status is disputed are shown in italics
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The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) has conducted foreign relations with states and international organisations since its inception in 1964. In 1974, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3236 recognised the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination, national independence, and sovereignty in Palestine. It also recognised the PLO as the representative of the Palestinian people to the United Nations.

On 15 November 1988, the PLO declared the State of Palestine, which was quite widely recognised by foreign governments, although often statements made were of an equivocal nature. In February 1989 at the United Nations Security Council, the PLO representative publicly acknowledged recognition from 94 states. Since then, additional states have publicly extended recognition.

The Palestinian National Authority (PNA) was established in 1994 by the PLO as a result of the Oslo Accords and the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement. The Israeli government transferred certain powers and responsibilities of self-government to the PNA, which are in effect in parts of the West Bank, and used to be effective in the Gaza Strip before its takeover by Hamas. States maintain official relations with the PNA through offices in the Palestinian territories, and through the PLO that represents it abroad.

Both the PNA and the PLO (representing itself, the State of Palestine, or the PNA) now maintain an extensive network of diplomatic relations, and participate in multiple international organisations with status of member state, observer, associate, or affiliate. The designation "Palestine", adopted in 1988 by the UN for the PLO, is currently also used as reference to the PNA and the State of Palestine by states and international organisations, in many cases regardless of the level of recognition and relations they have with any of these entities.

Bilateral relations

Representation of the PNA abroad is performed by the PLO, through a network of missions and embassies. Most states that have recognised the State of Palestine have elevated the PLO representation in their country to the status of embassy. A number of other states have granted some form of diplomatic status to a PLO delegation, falling short of full diplomatic recognition. In some cases, as a matter of courtesy, these delegations and missions have been granted diplomatic privileges, and are often referred to as "embassies" with their heads as "ambassadors".

Representation of foreign countries to the PNA is performed by missions or offices in Ramallah and Gaza. States that recognise the State of Palestine also accredit to the PLO (acting as its government-in-exile) non-resident ambassadors residing in third countries.

Background

Francis Boyle, legal advisor to the PLO, assisted the organisation in drafting the 1988 Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Palestine. At that time, the United States was using its Foreign Assistance Act and other measures to discourage other countries and international organisations from extending recognition.

Shortly after its 1988 declaration, the State of Palestine was recognised by many other developing states in Africa and Asia, by most former communist states, and by most members of the Arab League (AL) and the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC). Both of these organisations later published statements of recognition of, support for, and solidarity with Palestine, which was accepted as a member state in both forums.

At the end of 1989, the New York Times reported that 89 United Nations member states had recognised the newly proclaimed state. According to one author, however, by 1988, more than 100 countries had recognised the State of Palestine. In February 1989 at the United Nations Security Council, the PLO representative acknowledged that 94 states had recognised the new Palestinian state. Since then, a number of other states have publicly extended recognition. Boyle reported in 1990 that the number was over 114 states. In 2005, Anat Kurz reported that 117 United Nations member states had formally recognised Palestine as a sovereign state. In February 2009, Foreign Minister Riyad al-Maliki was able to submit to the ICC written statements from 67 of these countries. He was also able to show the existence of bilateral agreements with states in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe.

In September 2010, Boyle reported that about 130 countries had recognised the State of Palestine. By the end of December, following successive statements of recognition from Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia and Ecuador, a number of news services reported the number as over 130. In the same month, however, after the statements of recognition from Brazil and Argentina, John Quigley reported the number as 105, and with the subsequent declaration by Bolivia, lawyer John V. Whitbeck claimed it to be 106 states.

As of 24 January 2011, Peru is the most recent nation to formally recognise the State of Palestine.

Chronological table of recognition and relations

At least 157 states, in addition to the European Union, currently have some form of diplomatic relations with the PLO and PNA, or recognise the State of Palestine:

• 111 to 116 states recognise the State of Palestine;
  • of these, 96 to 99 have established diplomatic relations with the PLO;
• 43 to 40 states, as well as the European Union, which don't recognise the State of Palestine, conduct official relations with the PLO and the PNA.

#	Name	State of Palestine recognition since	Relations with PLO, PNA, or State of Palestine since	Mission of PLO or State of Palestine	Mission to PNA, PLO, or State of Palestine	Notes
Recognising the State of Palestine declared in 1988, or establishing diplomatic relations with it:
1	Algeria	1988-11-15	yes	Embassy (Algiers)	Embassy, non-resident (Cairo)	AL, OIC
2	Bahrain	1988-11-15	1974-06-15	Embassy (Manama)		AL, OIC
3	Iraq	1988-11-15	yes	Embassy (Baghdad)	Embassy, non-resident (Damascus)	AL, OIC
4	Kuwait	1988-11-15	yes	Embassy (Kuwait)		AL, OIC
5	Libya	1988-11-15	yes	Embassy (Tripoli)	Embassy, non-resident (Cairo)	AL, OIC
6	Malaysia	1988-11-15	yes	Embassy (Kuala Lumpur)		OIC
7	Mauritania	1988-11-15	yes	Embassy (Nouakchott)		AL, OIC
8	Morocco	1988-11-15	yes	Embassy (Rabat)	Embassy, non-resident Office (Gaza)	AL, OIC
9	Somalia	1988-11-15	yes	Embassy, non-resident (Djibouti)		AL, OIC
10	Tunisia	1988-11-15	yes	Embassy (Tunis)	Embassy, non-resident Office (Gaza)	AL, OIC
11	Turkey	1988-11-15	1975	Embassy (Ankara)	Consulate-General (Jerusalem)	OIC; Palestine–Turkey relations
12	Yemen	1988-11-15	yes	Embassy (Sana'a)	Embassy, non-resident (Cairo)	AL, OIC
13	Afghanistan	1988-11-16	yes		Embassy, non-resident (Damascus)	OIC
14	Bangladesh	1988-11-16	yes	Embassy (Dhaka)	Embassy, non-resident (Cairo)	OIC
15	Cuba	1988-11-16	yes	Embassy (Havanna)	Embassy, non-resident (Tunis)
16	Indonesia	1988-11-16	1989-10-19	Embassy (Jakarta)	Embassy, non-resident (Amman)	OIC
17	Jordan	1988-11-16	yes	Embassy (Amman)	Embassy, non-resident Office (Ramallah, Gaza)	AL, OIC
18	Madagascar	1988-11-16
19	Malta	1988-11-16	yes	Embassy (Valletta)	Office (Ramallah)	EU
20	Nicaragua	1988-11-16	yes	Embassy (Managua)	Embassy, non-resident (Cairo)
21	Pakistan	1988-11-16	yes	Embassy (Islamabad)	Embassy, non-resident (Damascus)	OIC; Pakistan–Palestine relations
22	Qatar	1988-11-16	yes	Embassy (Doha)	Embassy, non-resident Office (Gaza)	AL, OIC
23	Saudi Arabia	1988-11-16	yes	Embassy (Riyadh)		AL, OIC
24	United Arab Emirates	1988-11-16	yes	Embassy (Abu Dhabi)		AL, OIC; Palestine – United Arab Emirates relations
25	Serbia	1988-11-16	1989	Embassy (Belgrade)	Embassy, non-resident (Cairo)
26	Zambia	1988-11-16	yes	Embassy (Lusaka)
27	Albania	1988-11-17	yes	Embassy (Tirana)	Embassy, non-resident (Cairo)	OIC
28	Brunei	1988-11-17	yes	Embassy, non-resident (Kuala Lumpur)		OIC
29	Djibouti	1988-11-17	yes	Embassy (Djibouti)		AL, OIC
30	Mauritius	1988-11-17	yes	Embassy, non-resident (Dar es Salaam)
31	Sudan	1988-11-17	yes	Embassy (Khartoum)		AL, OIC
32	Cyprus	1988-11-18	yes	General delegation (Nicosia)	Office (Ramallah)	EU
33	Czech Republic	1988-11-18	yes	Embassy (Prague)	Office (Ramallah)	EU
34	Slovakia	1988-11-18	yes	Embassy (Bratislava)	Embassy, non-resident (Damascus) Office, non-resident (Tel Aviv)	EU
35	Egypt	1988-11-18	yes	Embassy (Cairo)	Embassy, non-resident Office (Ramallah, Gaza)	AL, OIC
36	India	1988-11-18	1974	Embassy (New Delhi)	Office (Ramallah)	AL observer; India–Palestine relations
37	Nigeria	1988-11-18	yes	Embassy (Abuja)	Embassy, non-resident (Cairo)	OIC
38	Seychelles	1988-11-18	yes	Embassy, non-resident (Dar es Salaam)
39	Sri Lanka	1988-11-18	yes	Embassy (Colombo)	Office (Ramallah)
40	Belarus	1988-11-19	yes	Embassy (Minsk)	Embassy, non-resident (Damascus)
41	Guinea	1988-11-19	yes	Embassy, non-resident (Dakar)		OIC
42	Namibia	1988-11-19	yes	Embassy, non-resident (Pretoria)
43	Ukraine	1988-11-19	yes	Embassy (Kiev)
44	Russia	1988-11-19	1974	Embassy (Moscow)	Office (Ramallah)	OIC observer; Palestine–Russia relations
45	Vietnam	1988-11-19	1968	Embassy (Hanoi)	Embassy, non-resident (Cairo)
46	China, People's Republic of	1988-11-20	yes	Embassy (Beijing)	Embassy, non-resident Office (Ramallah)	Palestine – People's Republic of China relations
47	Burkina Faso	1988-11-21	yes	Embassy, non-resident (Bamako)		OIC
48	Comoros	1988-11-21	yes	Embassy, non-resident (Djibouti)		AL, OIC
49	Guinea-Bissau	1988-11-21	yes	Embassy, non-resident (Dakar)		OIC
50	Mali	1988-11-21	yes	Embassy (Bamako)		OIC
51	Cambodia	1988-11-21	yes	Embassy, non-resident (Hanoi)
52	Mongolia	1988-11-22	1979-04-25		Embassy, non-resident (Cairo)
53	Senegal	1988-11-22	yes	Embassy (Dakar)		OIC
54	Hungary	1988-11-23	yes	Embassy (Budapest)	Office (Ramallah) Honorary Consulate (Bethlehem)	EU
55	Cape Verde	1988-11-24
56	Korea, North	1988-11-24	yes	Embassy (Pyongyang)	Embassy, non-resident (Cairo)	North Korea-Palestine relations
57	Niger	1988-11-24	yes	Embassy, non-resident (Bamako)		OIC
58	Romania	1988-11-24	yes	Embassy (Bucharest)	Office (Ramallah)	EU; Romania–Palestine relations
59	Tanzania	1988-11-24	yes	Embassy (Dar es Salaam)	Embassy, non-resident (Cairo)
60	Bulgaria	1988-11-25	yes	Embassy (Sofia)	Office (Ramallah)	EU
61	Maldives	1988-11-28	yes	Embassy, non-resident (Colombo)		OIC
62	Ghana	1988-11-29	yes	Embassy (Accra)	Embassy, non-resident (Cairo)
63	Togo	1988-11-29				OIC
64	Zimbabwe	1988-11-29	yes	Embassy (Harare)	Embassy, non-resident (Cairo)
65	Chad	1988-12-01	yes	Embassy, non-resident (Bamako)		OIC
66	Laos	1988-12-02	1989-05-15	Embassy, non-resident (Hanoi)
67	Sierra Leone	1988-12-03				OIC
68	Uganda	1988-12-03	yes	Embassy, non-resident (Harare)		OIC
69	Congo, Republic of the	1988-12-05	yes	Embassy (Brazaville)
70	Angola	1988-12-06	yes	Embassy (Luanda)
71	Mozambique	1988-12-08	yes	Embassy (Maputo)		OIC
72	São Tomé and Príncipe	1988-12-10
73	Congo, Democratic Republic of the	1988-12-10
74	Gabon	1988-12-12	yes	Embassy (Libreville)	Embassy, non-resident (Cairo)	OIC
75	Oman	1988-12-13	yes	Embassy (Muscat)	Embassy, non-resident Office (Gaza)	AL, OIC
76	Poland	1988-12-14	yes	Embassy (Warsaw)	Office (Ramallah)	EU
77	Botswana	1988-12-19
78	Nepal	1988-12-19
79	Burundi	1988-12-22
80	Central African Republic	1988-12-23				OIC observer
81	Bhutan	1988-12-25
82	Rwanda	1989-01-02
83	Ethiopia	1989-02-04	yes	Embassy (Addis Ababa)
84	Iran	1989-02-04	yes	Embassy (Tehran)	Embassy, non-resident (Damascus)	OIC; Iran–Palestine relations
85	Benin	1989 or before	yes		Embassy, non-resident (Jeddah)	OIC
86	Equatorial Guinea	1989 or before
87	Gambia	1989 or before	yes	Embassy, non-resident (Dakar)		OIC
88	Kenya	1989 or before	yes	Embassy, non-resident (Harare)
89	Lebanon	1989 or before	yes	Representation (Beirut)	Embassy, non-resident (Cairo)	AL, OIC
90	Philippines	1989	1989-09	Embassy, non-resident (Kuala Lumpur)	Embassy, non-resident (Amman)
91	Kazakhstan	1992 or before	1992-04-06	Embassy (Astana)	Embassy, non-resident (Tel Aviv)	OIC
92	Azerbaijan	1992 or before	1992-04-15	Embassy, non-resident (Tashkent)		OIC
93	Bosnia and Herzegovina	1992-05-27	1992-10-30	Embassy (Sarajevo)	Embassy, non-resident (Cairo)	OIC observer
94	Uzbekistan	1994 or before	1994-09-25	Embassy (Tashkent)		OIC
95	South Africa	1995 or before	1995-02-15	Embassy (Pretoria)	Office (Ramallah, Gaza)
96	Kyrgyzstan	1995 or before	1995-11	Embassy, non-resident (Tashkent)		OIC
97	Paraguay	2005-03-25	2005-03-25	Embassy, non-resident (Brasília)
98	Montenegro	2006-07-24	2006-08-01	Embassy, non-resident (Belgrade)
99	Costa Rica	2008-02-05	2008-02-05	Embassy, non-resident (New York)
100	Côte d'Ivoire	2008 or before	yes	Embassy (Abidjan)		OIC
101	Tajikistan	2009 or before	1994 or before	Embassy, non-resident (Tashkent)		OIC
102	Venezuela	2009-04-27	yes	Mission (Caracas)	Embassy, non-resident Office (Ramallah)	AL observer; Venezuela–Palestine relations
103	Dominican Republic	2009-07-14	2009-07-15	Embassy, non-resident (New York)
104	Brazil	2010-12-01	yes	Special delegation (Brasília)	Office (Ramallah)	AL observer; Brazil–Palestine relations
105	Argentina	2010-12-04	yes	Ambassador mission (Buenos Aires)	Office (Ramallah)
106	Bolivia	2010-12-22
107	Ecuador	2010-12-24	2008 or before	Delegation, non-resident (Lima)	—
108	Chile	2011-01-07	1990-03	Embassy (Santiago)	Office (Ramallah)
109	Guyana	2011-01-13	yes	Embassy, non-resident (Havana)		OIC
110	Peru	2011-01-24	2008 or before	Special delegation (Lima)	—
111	Suriname	2011-02-01				OIC
Conflicting or inconclusive sources regarding the recognition of the State of Palestine declared in 1988:
112	Cameroon	1989 or before	yes			OIC
113	Syria	1989 or before	2006 or before	Mission (Damascus)	Embassy, non-resident (Amman)	AL, OIC
114	Swaziland	1991 or before
115	Vanuatu	1991 or before	2010 or before	Embassy, non-resident (Canberra)
116	Turkmenistan	2003 or before				OIC
117	Lesotho	2010 or before
Not recognising the State of Palestine declared in 1988, but conducting official relations with the PLO and PNA:
118	Finland	—	1982	General delegation (Helsinki)	Office (Ramallah)	EU
119	Colombia	—	1988-10-03	Special mission (Bogota)	Delegation, non-resident (Cairo)
120	Georgia	—	1992-04-25
121	Israel	—	1993-08-20	Department, non-resident (Gaza)	Department, non-resident (Tel Aviv)
122	Moldova	—	1994-06-07
123	Holy See	—	1994-10-25	Representation, non-resident (London)	Apostolic nunciature, non-resident (Tunis) Apostolic delegation (Jerusalem)	Holy See–Palestine relations
—	European Union	—	1994 or before	General delegation (Brussels)	Office (Ramallah)	EU
124	Estonia	—	2004 or before	General delegation, non-resident (Helsinki)	—	EU
125	Uruguay	—	2010-04-20	—
126	Eritrea	—	yes	Embassy, non-resident (Djibouti)		AL observer
127	Australia	—	yes	General delegation (Canberra)	Office (Ramallah)
128	Austria	—	yes	Representation (Vienna)	Office (Ramallah)	EU
129	Belgium	—	yes	General delegation (Brussels)	Consulate-General (Jerusalem)	EU
130	Belize	—	yes	Special delegation, non-resident (Mexico City)	—
131	Canada	—	yes	General delegation (Ottawa)	Office (Ramallah)
132	Croatia	—	yes	—	—
133	Denmark	—	yes	General delegation (Copenhagen)	Office (Ramallah)	EU; Denmark–Palestine relations
134	France	—	yes	Ambassador mission (Paris)	Consulate-General (Jerusalem)	EU
135	Germany	—	yes	General delegation (Berlin)	Office (Ramallah)	EU
136	Greece	—	yes	Representation (Athens)	Consulate-General (Jerusalem)	EU
137	Iceland	—	yes	General delegation, non-resident (Oslo)
138	Ireland	—	yes	Ambassador mission (Dublin)	Office (Ramallah)	EU
139	Italy	—	yes	General delegation (Rome)	Consulate-General (Jerusalem)	EU
140	Japan	—	yes	General delegation (Tokyo)	Office (Ramallah)
141	Latvia	—	yes	General delegation, non-resident (Helsinki)	—	EU
142	Lithuania	—	yes	General delegation, non-resident (Helsinki)	—	EU
143	Luxembourg	—	yes	General delegation, non-resident (Brussels)	—	EU
144	Mexico	—	yes	Special delegation (Mexico City)	Office (Ramallah)
145	Netherlands	—	yes	General delegation (The Hague)	Office (Ramallah)	EU
146	New Zealand	—	yes	General delegation, non-resident (Canberra)	—
147	Norway	—	yes	General delegation (Oslo)	Office (Ramallah)
148	Papua New Guinea	—	yes	Embassy, non-resident (Canberra)	—
149	Portugal	—	yes	General delegation (Lisbon)	Office (Ramallah)	EU
150	Slovenia	—	yes	General delegation, non-resident (Rome)	Office (Ramallah)	EU
151	Korea, South	—	yes	—	Office (Ramallah)
152	Spain	—	yes	General delegation (Madrid)	Consulate-General (Jerusalem)	EU
153	Sweden	—	yes	General delegation (Stockholm)	Consulate-General (Jerusalem)	EU
154	Switzerland	—	yes	General delegation (Bern)	Office (Ramallah)
155	East Timor	—	yes	Embassy, non-resident (Canberra)	—
156	United Kingdom	—	yes	General delegation (London)	Office (Gaza) Consulate-General (Jerusalem)	EU; Palestine – United Kingdom relations
157	United States	—	yes	General delegation (Washington, D.C.)	Consulate-General (Jerusalem)	Palestine – United States relations

The PLO and the PNA have no official relations with the following states and entities, which additionally do not recognise the State of Palestine:

• Andorra, Armenia, Liechtenstein, Republic of Macedonia, Monaco, San Marino
• Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand (OIC observer)
• Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu
• Liberia, Malawi
• Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Dominica, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Panama, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago
• Sovereign Military Order of Malta
• Abkhazia, Kosovo, Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (OIC observer), Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Somaliland, South Ossetia, Republic of China (Taiwan), Transnistria

Relations with international organisations

The Palestine Liberation Organization and the Palestinian National Authority are represented in various international organizations as member, associate or observer. Because of inconclusiveness in sources, in some cases it is impossible to distinguish whether the participation is executed by the PNA, the PLO as representative of the Palestinian state, or by the PLO as a non-state entity.

Additionally the Palestinian National Authority participates in trade liberalization:

• has customs union with Israel
• has free trade agreements with the EU, EFTA and others.
• is covered by the free trade agreement between the United States and Israel
• participates in the Greater Arab Free Trade Area of the Council of Arab Economic Unity
• is in negotiations for free trade agreement with Mercosur

The Palestine Liberation Organization and the Palestinian National Authority jointly are accepted as party to the following international agreements about transport in the Arab Mashreq: Road, Rail, Maritime.

Arab League

State of Palestine is currently a member of the Arab League. The Palestine Liberation Organization was represented there since 1964, as a full member since 1976. After the 1988 declaration of statehood, its status was upgraded to full membership under the name "State of Palestine" with the Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization serving as "President of Palestine".

Organisation of the Islamic Conference

The State of Palestine is currently a member of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference. The PLO is full member since 1969. After the 1988 declaration of statehood, its status was upgraded to full membership under the name "State of Palestine". It has membership also in the Islamic Development Bank, an international financial institution set up for member states of the OIC.

United Nations representation

The Palestine National Council (PNC) sent formal notification to the U.N. Secretary-General regarding the establishment of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in May 1964. The following year in October, some Arab states requested that a PLO delegation be allowed to attend meetings of the Special Political Committee, and it was decided that they could present a statement, without implying recognition. PLO participation in the discussions of the Committee took place under the agenda item of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) from 1963 to 1973.

The Palestine Liberation Organization gained observer status at the United Nations General Assembly in 1974 through General Assembly Resolution 3237. In the UNGA's regional groupings, the PLO gained full membership in the Group of Asian states on 2 April 1986. Acknowledging the proclamation of the State of Palestine, the UN re-designated this observer to be referred to as "Palestine" in 1988 (General Assembly Resolution 43/177) and affirmed "the need to enable the Palestinian people to exercise their sovereignty over their territory occupied since 1967". In July 1998, the General Assembly adopted a new Resolution (52/250) conferring upon Palestine additional rights and privileges, including the right to participate in the general debate held at the start of each session of the General Assembly, the right of reply, the right to co-sponsor resolutions and the right to raise points of order on Palestinian and Middle East issues. By this resolution, "seating for Palestine shall be arranged immediately after non-member States and before the other observers." This Resolution was adopted by a vote of 124 in favour, 4 against (Israel, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, United States) and 10 abstentions.

Applications

Geneva Conventions

In 1989, the Palestine Liberation Organization, on behalf of the State of Palestine, submitted a letter of accession to the Geneva Conventions. However, Switzerland, as the depositary state, determined that because the question of Palestinian statehood had not been settled within the international community, it was therefore incapable of recognising Palestine as a "power" that could accede to the Conventions.

"Due to the incertainty within the international community as to the existence or the non-existence of a State of Palestine and as long as the issue has not been settled in an appropriate framework, the Swiss Government, in its capacity as depositary of the Geneva Conventions and their additional Protocols, is not in a position to decide whether this communication can be considered as an instrument of accession in the sense of the relevant provisions of the Conventions and their additional Protocols."

Nevertheless the Palestine Red Crescent Society is currently member of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, which requires its participants to adhere to the Geneva Conventions.

World Health Organization

The PLO currently holds observer status at the World Health Organization (WHO), but applied for full membership status for the State of Palestine in 1989. The United States, which provided one-quarter of the WHO's funding at the time, informed the WHO that its funding would be withheld if Palestine was admitted as a member state. Yasser Arafat described the U.S. statement as "blackmail". The PLO was asked to withdraw its application by the WHO director general. The WHO subsequently voted to postpone consideration of the application and no decision on the application has been made yet. John Quigley writes that Palestine's efforts to gain membership in several international organisations connected to the United Nations was frustrated by U.S. threats to withhold funding from any organisation that admitted Palestine.

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

In 1989 a "Request for the Admission of the State of Palestine to UNESCO as a Member State" was submitted by Algeria, Indonesia, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal, and Yemen. Currently, Palestine participates as an observer at UNESCO through its National Organizing Committee.

Participation in international sports federations

Aftermath of Hamas' victory

After the victory of the Change and Reform list (led by Hamas) in the 2006 elections, many governments, including the United States, as well as the European Union, cut ties with the organs of the PLC, but not those connected to the PNA President, Mahmoud Abbas. The boycott led to the withholding of foreign aid, upon which much of the Palestinian economy is dependent, promised to the PNA. The European Union set up a mechanism to transfer some aid to PNA employees, many of whom had gone unpaid for months, that bypassed the government. After Abbas' sacking of Prime Minister Ismail Haniya as a response by Hamas' takeover of the Gaza Strip in June 2007, the boycott was lifted.

Notes

1. Prior to Yemeni unification, both Democratic Yemen and the Yemen Arab Republic had recognised the State of Palestine on 15 November 1988.
2. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia recognized SoP on 16 November 1988. Although the UN did not recognise the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (later renamed Serbia and Montenegro, itself to be succeeded by Serbia following the separation of Montenegro in 2006) as SFRY successor the FRY claims to be such and pledges to adhere to all ratifications, signatures and recognitions conducted by the SFRY.
3. ^ Former Czechoslovakia recognised the State of Palestine on 18 November 1988, and following the its dissolution, both the Czech Republic and Slovakia retained ties.
4. Namibia was established by the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO), which recognised the State of Palestine on 19 November 1988, at which time it was a UN observer entity.
5. Only one government emerged from the Cambodian–Vietnamese War, but both Democratic Kampuchea and People's Republic of Kampuchea recognised the State of Palestine on 18 November 1988 and 21 November 1988 respectively.
6. On 28 January 2011, Paraguay's Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a written reaffirmation of its government's recognition of the State of Palestine. The statement noted that the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two governments in 2005 had implied mutual recognition.
7. ^ In December 2009, Curtis Doebbler claimed that the State of Palestine had been already recognised by all members of both the Arab League and the OIC. Certainly the OIC had delivered explicit statements of recognition upon numerous occasions prior, the latest reaffirmation being in 2003. However, whether these decisions represented the unanimous view of all member states is unclear. Additionally, in early 2011, following the succession of statements from other South American governments, Suriname and Guyana (members of the OIC since 1996 and 1998, respectively) issued their own statements of recognition of the State of Palestine.
8. Eight of its 27 member states recognise the State of Palestine, while the remaining 19 members maintain official relations with the PLO and PNA.
9. In April 2010, Uruguayan Foreign Affairs Minister Luis Almagro and Palestinian Foreign Minister Riyad al-Malki signed a joint communiqué formalising relations between their two nations. In November, it was reported that Uruguayan President José Mujica had announced his government's recognition of the Palestinian state during the sixteenth conference of the Federation of Arab-American Entities (Ferab), held in Montevideo that month. He had initially announced his intentions to do so in September. However, later reports have shown that Mujica is now expected to make these arrangements in March 2011. Mujica indicated that his government will establish a representation at Ramallah, and that the State of Palestine will establish an embassy in Montevideo within the first half of 2011.
10. In Annex II of the State of Palestine's UNESCO application, Austria was originally listed as having extended recognition. However, the submitting states (Algeria, Indonesia, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal, and Yemen) later requested that Austria be removed from the list.
11. The German Democratic Republic recognised the State of Palestine on 18 November 1988, but it later unified with the Federal Republic of Germany and the current government does not recognise it.
12. Such as listing "Palestine" without further clarification, which can be a reference to the PLO, the PNA, or to Palestine as a state.
13. ^ The State of Palestine succeeded the seat of the Palestine Liberation Organization following the 1988 Palestinian Declaration of Independence.
14. Including its subordinated organizations of Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development and Arab Monetary Fund.
15. Representation for "Occupied Palestinian Territory" equivalent to that of a state; assigned the code "ps"
16. ^ For the purposes of United Nations Regional Groups arrangement, the Palestine Liberation Organization participates in the Asia group since 2 April 1986
17. Israel has free trade agreements with the EU, EFTA, Turkey and others.
18. Palestine was accorded membership in ESCWA pursuant to ECOSOC Resolution 2089 (LXIII) dated 22 July 1977. Full powers for the signature of the Agreements were issued by the leaders of the PLO and the PNA.
19. The ICJ noted that Palestine gave a unilateral undertaking, by declaration of 7 June 1982, in the name of the 'State of Palestine' to apply the Fourth Geneva Convention – and that Switzerland, as depositary State, considered that unilateral undertaking valid.
20. The Palestinian Football Association is also member of Asian Football Confederation and Union of Arab Football Associations.

References

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3. Crawford, James (1999), "Israel (1948-1949) and Paletine (1998-1999): Two Studies in the Creation of States", in Goodwin-Gil, G.S.; Talmon, S. (ed.), The Reality of International Law: Essays in Honour of Ian Brownlie, New York: Fitzroy Dearborn, Oxford University Press, pp. 95–100, 110–115{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link): "...Declaration was quite widely recognized by states, although often in equivocal terms."
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7. ^ United Nations General Assembly Session 43 Resolution 177. A/RES/43/177 15 December 1988. Retrieved 2011-02-01.
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9. ^ Talmon, 1998, p. 158, footnote #236: "It is of interest to note that most States that have recognized the 'State of Palestine' after its proclamation on 15 Nov. 1988 have elevated the PLO office in their country to the status of embassy."
10. ^ Government of Ireland. "Press statement on upgrade of relations" (PDF) (Press release). Retrieved 2011-01-29.: "The Irish government has upgraded the status of the General Delegation of Palestine in Ireland to the Mission of Palestine, headed by an Ambassador."
11. Brownlie, Ian; Goodwin-Gill, Guy S.; Talmon, Stefan; Jennings, Robert (1999). The reality of international law: essays in honour of Ian Brownlie (Illustrated, reprint ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 121. ISBN 9780198268376. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help): "The PLO, which has been recognized to possess an interpendent international personality as representative of the Palestinian people, has been delegated the power to act on behalf of the PA in the international arena with regard to specific substantive areas."
12. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Executive Board (12 May 1989). "Hundred and thirty-first Session: Item 9.4 of the provisional agenda, Request for the Admission of the State of Palestine to UNESCO as a Member State" (PDF). United Nations. pp. 18, Annex II. Retrieved 2010-11-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link): "A government-in-exile, having no effective control in the territory and not having had previous control, ..."
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21. ^ Organisation of the Islamic Conference (13–16 March 1989). "Resolutions on Political, Legal and Information Affairs". The Eighteenth Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers (Session of Islamic Fraternity and Solidarity). Retrieved 2010-11-29.
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26. Fowler and Bunck, 1995, p. 59: "By 1988 more than one hundred countries had formally recognized the 'state' of Palestine, which also received official acknowledgement by the United Nations General Assembly."
27. Medzini, Ronen (21 December 2010). "Israel fights recognition of Palestinian state". Ynetnews. Israel News; Yedioth Internet. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
28. Boyle, Francis A. Creation of the State of Palestine; 1 Eur. J. Int'l L. 301 (1990): "Over 114 states have already recognized the newly proclaimed state of Palestine, which is more than the 93 that maintain some form of diplomatic relations with Israel."
29. Kearney, Michael and Denayer, Stijn, Al-Haq. Position Paper on Issues Arising from the Palestinian Authority’s Submission of a Declaration to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court Under Article 12(3) of the Rome Statute (14 December 2009), para 43.a.
30. Kurz, Anat N. (2005) Fatah and the Politics of Violence: the institutionalization of a popular Struggle. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press ISBN 1-84519-032-7, ISBN 978-1-84519-032-3 p. 123: "117 UN member states recognized the declared State of Palestine ..."
31. Palestinian ministers press for Israel "war crimes" probe, AFP, 13 February 2009: "Malki said documents were provided that show Palestine was recognised as a state by 67 countries and had bilateral agreements with states in Latin America, Asia, Africa and Europe."
32. Palestine, Palestinians and International Law, Francis A. Boyle, Clarity Press, September 1, 2009, ISBN 093286337X, p19: "As I had predicted to the PLO, the creation of Palestinian State was an instantaneous success. Palestine would eventually achieve de jure diplomatic recognition from about 130 states. The only regional hold-out was Europe and this was because of massive political pressure applied by the United States Government."
33. Boyle, Francis A. (30 September 2010). "The Impending Collapse of Israel in Palestine". MWC News. Retrieved 2010-11-18.
34. Boyle, Francis A (2 June 2010). "Israel is Committing Genocide in Gaza". Australia.to. Rogers Digital Media Group. Retrieved 2010-11-20.
35. "Ecuador latest Latin country to recognize Palestine". RFI. 25 December 2010. Retrieved 2010-12-29.
36. Mercier, Gilbert (26 December 2010). "Ecuador Joins Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay And Bolivia To Recognize Palestine". News Junkie Post. Retrieved 2010-12-29.
37. Staff writers (25 December 2010). "PA hopes for Palestinian state next year". Press TV. Retrieved 2010-12-29.
38. Quigley, John B. (30 December 2010). "Recognize Palestine now". McClatchy-Tribune. Youngstown News. Retrieved 2010-12-31.: "With recognitions in recent weeks by Brazil and Argentina, some 105 states now formally recognize Palestine at the diplomatic level."
39. Whitbeck, John V. (28 December 2010). "Palestine: recognising the state". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2010-12-29.: "Coming soon after the similar recognitions by Brazil and Argentina, Bolivia's recognition brought to 106 the number of UN member states recognizing the State of Palestine, whose independence was proclaimed on November 15, 1988."
40. ^ Template:Es icon Government of Peru (24 January 2011). "Perú reconoce al Estado Palestino". Ministry of Foreign Relations. Retrieved 2011-01-24.
41. ^ United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Executive Board (12 May 1989). "Hundred and thirty-first Session: Item 9.4 of the provisional agenda, Request for the Admission of the State of Palestine to UNESCO as a Member State" (PDF). United Nations. pp. 18, Annex II. Retrieved 2010-11-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) The list also includes a number of states which no longer exist.
42. Government of Algeria (28 December 2010). "Algerie-Palestine-Diplomatie" (in French). Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2011-02-01.: "Ambassadeur extraordinaire et plénipotentiaire de l'Etat de Palestine".
43. Government of Bahrain. "Bilateral Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2011-02-01.
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46. ^ Permanent Observer Mission of Palestine to the United Nations (10 December 2010). "Palestine Embassies, Missions, Delegations Abroad". United Nations. Retrieved 2011-01-01.
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49. Government of Turkey. "Turkey´s Political Relations with the Palestinian National Authority". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2011-01-29.: "Turkey established official relations with the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in 1975 and was one of the first countries that recognized the Palestinian State established in exile on 15 November 1988."
50. Government of Turkey. "Resident Diplomatic And Consular Missions". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2011-01-29.: "Embassy of the State of Palestine."
51. Government of Turkey. "Consulate General of Turkey, Jerusalem, Palestine". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2011-01-29.: "Today, the jurisdiction of the Consulate General covers West Bank and Gaza Strip governed by the Palestinian National Authority. The city of Jerusalem with its surrounding areas as defined by the special status (corpus seperatum) in the United Nations General Assembly Resolution No.181 in 1947, is also covered by the Consulate General."
52. Government of Yemen. "Yemen Embassies around the world". Yemen Ministry of Tourism. Retrieved 2010-11-20.: "Embassy of the State of Palestine in Yemen"
53. Government of Afghanistan. "Alphabetical list of Afghan Embassies and Consulates". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2011-01-30.: "Palestine (see Syria)"
54. Government of Bangladesh. "Embassy of the State of Palestine". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2011-01-30.
55. "Address List of Foreign Embassies in Bangladesh". Virtual Bangladesh. 18 August 2006. Retrieved 2009-07-18.
56. ^ Government of Indonesia. "Bilateral Cooperation - Palestine". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2011-02-01.: "Indonesia's formal recognition towards the recently established State of Palestine the very next day, on 16 November 1988 ... One year later, Indonesia and Palestine agreed to advance their bilateral relations through the signing of a Joint Communique on the Commencement of Indonesia-Palestine Diplomatic Relations at Ambassadorial Level, on 19 October 1988 ... Indonesia assigned its Head of Mission to the Republic of Tunisia as the Ambassador non-resident for Palestine until 1 June 2004, when the assignment was relegated to the Indonesia's Ambassador for the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in Amman."
57. ^ Government of Indonesia. "Mission - Palestine". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2011-02-01.: "Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia to Yordania and accredited to the State of Palestine ... Embassy of the State of Palestine".
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73. "The Embassy of the Slovak Republic in Tel Aviv is accredited for the State of Israel and the Palestinian National Authority". Mzv.sk. Retrieved 2010-12-05.
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85. "Посольство". palestine.ru. Retrieved 2011-01-22.:"Первое представительство ООП (Организации Освобождения Палестины) в Москве было открыто в 1974 г., и первым Главой Представительства стал Бригадный Генерал Мухаммад Аль-Шаер. В 1981г. Представительство было преобразовано в дипломатическую миссию. А 18 ноября 1988 г. СССР официально признал Палестинское Государство. В январе 1990г. Представительство было преобразовано в Посольство Государство Палестина."
86. "Дипломатические и консульские представительства зарубежных государств в России". mid.ru. 2010-11-02. Retrieved 2011-01-22.:"Посольство Государства Палестина"
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91. ^ Template:Fr icon Government of Burkina Faso. "Missions diplomatiques et consulaires au Burkina Faso". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2010-12=31. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help): "Palestine - Ambassadeur Extraordinaire et Plénipotentiaire avec Résidence à Bamako".
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93. Mongolia LIST OF STATES WITH DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS; as PLO relations before SoP establishment.
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108. Government of Poland. "Przedstawicielstwa dyplomatyczne akredytowane w Polsce" (in Polish). Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2011-01-30.: "Ambasada Palestyny".
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111. Peters, Joel (1992). Israel and Africa: the problematic friendship. I.B.Tauris. p. 141. ISBN 9781870915106.
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116. ^ Government of Kazakhstan. "Cooperation of the Republic of Kazakhstan with the State of Palestine". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2010-11-20. Relations established on 6 April 1992. Palestinian Embassy in Kazakhstan was opened in 1993.
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118. "Embassy of the State of Palestine to the Republic of Uzbekistan, Central Asia and Azerbaijani Republic". Webcache.googleusercontent.com. Retrieved 2010-12-05.
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125. Government of South Africa. "South African Heads of Mission Abroad". Department of International Relations and Cooperation. Retrieved 2010-11-20.: "Representative to the State of Palestine".
126. Government of South Africa. "South African Representation Abroad". Department of International Relations and Cooperation. Retrieved 2010-11-20.: "Al Masyoun, Ramallah ... Omar Mukhtar Street, Gaza".
127. Template:Ky icon Government of Kyrgyzstan. "Embassy of the State of Palestine to Kyrgyzstan". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2010-11-20.
128. ^ Template:Es icon Government of Paraguay, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (28 January 2011). "Reconocimiento del Estado de Palestina" (Press release) (in Spanish). Retrieved 2011-01-29.: "... estableció relaciones diplomáticas con Palestina el 25 de marzo de 2005 mediante el intercambio de Notas Reversales, acto que implicó su reconocimiento. ... Por esta declaración la República del Paraguay reitera expresamente el reconocimiento de ese Estado como libre e independiente con las fronteras del 4 de junio de 1967."
129. Template:Es icon Government of Paraguay. "Embassy of the State of Palestine" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-12-15.
130. ^ Government of Montenegro. "Dates of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2010-11-20.: "Palestine, State of Palestine - Date of Recognition 24 July 2006; Date of Establishment of Diplomatic Relations 1 August 2006."
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132. "Israeli diplomat postpones meeting after Costa Rica recognizes Palestinian state: "We would like to express our disappointment over this regretful decision of the government of Costa Rica to establish full diplomatic relations with the 'state of Palestine," Mekel said". Windowintopalestine.blogspot.com. 2008-02-29. Retrieved 2010-12-05.
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134. Perelman, Marc (7 March 2008). "Costa Rica Opens Official Ties With 'State of Palestine'". Forward. The Jewish Daily. Retrieved 2010-11-20.
135. Government of Costa Rica. "Oficinas Consulares acreditadas ante el Gobierno de Costa Rica" (in Spanish). Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto. Retrieved 2010-11-20.: "Embajada de Palestina: Permanent Observer Mission of Palestine to the United Nations, New York."
136. Government of Costa Rica. "Embajada de Palestina en Costa Rica" (in Spanish). Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto. Retrieved 2010-11-20.
137. Government of Côte d'Ivoire. "Les Ambassades et Consulats accrédités en Cote d'Ivoire" (in French). Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres. Retrieved 2010-11-20.: "Ambassade de la Palestine ... (Etat de Palestine)".
138. ДИПЛОМАТИЯ ТАДЖИКИСТАНА, page25
139. Template:Tg icon Government of Tajikistan. "Embassy of State of Palestine to Tajikistan" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2010-11-20.
140. Template:Es icon Bolivarian Government of Venezuela (27 April 2009). "Venezuela y Palestina establecen relaciones diplomáticas: Comunicado Conjunto Sobre el Establecimiento de Relaciones Diplomáticas entre la República Bolivariana de Venezuela y el Estado de Palestina". Ministry of Communication and Information. Retrieved 2010-11-15.
141. Suggett, James. "Palestine Embassy to be established in Caracas". Venezuelanalysis.com. Retrieved 2010-12-05.
142. Template:Es icon Government of the Dominincan Republic (14 July 2009). "RD y Palestina firman relaciones diplomáticas". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2010-12-31.
143. Government of the Dominican Republic (2009-07-15). "Comunicado Conjunto para Establecimiento Relaciones Diplomaticas entre la Republica Dominican y el Estado de Palestina" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2010-12-31.
144. Staff writers (15 October 2010). "Dominican President to host talks on Middle East conflict". Dominican Today. Retrieved 2010-12-31.
145. ^ Williams, Dan (7 December 2010). "Israel says S.American "Palestine" nods hurt peace". Reuters. Thomson Reuters. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
146. ^ Waked, Ali (7 December 2010). "Argentina, Uruguay recognize Palestinian state". Israel News. Yedioth Internet. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
147. ^ Staff writers (6 December 2010). "Argentina, Uruguay Recognize Palestine As An Independent State". All Headline News. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
148. ^ Template:Pt Reconhecimento do Estado Palestino nas Fronteiras de 1967 Ministério das Relações Exteriores. Retrieved on 2010-12-03.
149. La Argentina se suma a Brasil y reconoce a Palestina como Estado libre LA NACION. Retrieved on 2010-12-06.
150. Government of Argentina. "Dirección Nacional de Ceremonial - Palestina" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2011-01-30.: "Misión de Palestina en la República Argentina ... Embajador".
151. Palestinian National Authority. "Mision de Palestina" (in Spanish and Arabic). Retrieved 2010-11-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
152. Government of Argentina. "Representaciones Argentinas en el Exterior - Autoridad Palestina" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2011-01-30.: "Autoridad Nacional Palestina ... Jefe de Oficina".
153. Agence France Presse (22 December 2010). "Bolivia to recognize sovereign Palestine". Google News. Retrieved 2011-01-11.
154. Template:Es icon Ecuador Reconoce al Estado Palestino Foreign Ministry of Ecuador
155. ^ Palestinian National Authority non-resident representative to Ecuador
156. Template:Es icon Government of Chile (7 January 2011). "Declaración del Gobierno de Chile sobre el reconocimiento del Estado de Palestina". Ministry of Foreign Relations. Retrieved 2011-01-07.
157. ^ Template:Es icon Embassy of Palestine in Chile. "Embajada de Palestina en Chile".
158. Template:Es icon Government of Chile (2009-11-24). "Canciller se reunió con embajadora palestina". Ministry of Foreign Relations. Retrieved 2010-12-18.
159. Government of Chile. "Misión de Chile ante la Autoridad Nacional Palestina" (in Spanish). Ministry of Foreign Relations. Retrieved 2010-12-18.
160. ^ Government of Guyana (13 January 2011). "Statement by the Government of Guyana in Recognition of the State of Palestine". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2011-01-14.: "The Government of Guyana has today decided to formally recognize the State of Palestine as a free, independent, and sovereign state, based on its 1967 borders."
161. The Associated Press (13 January 2011). "Guyana recognizes a Palestinian state". The Washington Post. WP Company LLC. Retrieved 2011-01-14.
162. Government of Guyana. "Non-Resident Ambassadors & High Commissioners to Guyana". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2010-11-20.
163. Template:Es icon Government of Peru (November 2010). "Lista del Cuerpo Diplomatico, Organismos Internacionales y Cuerpo Consular" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Relations. Retrieved 2010-12-31.
164. Staff writers (2 February 2011). "Suriname latest S. American state to recognize 'Palestine'". JPost Newsletter. The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 2011-02-02.
165. Staff writers (2 February 2011). "Суринам стал предпоследним государством Южной Америки, признавшим "независимую Палестину"" (in Russian). NEWSru.co.il. Retrieved 2011-02-02.
166. Doebbler, Curtis (2 December 2009). "Palestine's Right to Statehood and What it Means". Palestinian Initiative for the Promotion of Global Dialogue and Democracy (MIFTAH). Retrieved 2010-11-18.: "The 21 other states of the Arab League, for example, already recognise Palestine as a state. So too do the 56 other member states of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC)."
167. ^ The Middle East and North Africa, 1995. Europa Publications. 1995. p. 113. ISBN 9780946653997.: "By July 1991 the following states had recognized the independent State of Palestine, and more than 70 states had accorded Palestinian representatives full diplomatic status. Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Botswana, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Comoros, Congo, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Korea (Dem. People's Rep.), Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Libya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Sao Tome e Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, USSR, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe."
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172. Government of the United States. "Lesotho". Department of State. Retrieved 2010-11-20. "Lesotho also recognizes Palestine as a state".
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176. Template:Es icon Government of Colombia. "Embajada de Palestina". Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. Retrieved 2010-12-13.: "Jefe de la Misión Especial de Palestina, Bogotá, D. C."
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181. ^ Vatican Information Service (11 November 2004). "Holy See Joins in Pain of Palestinian People for Arafat Death". Retrieved 2011-01-29.: "The Palestine Liberation Organization will, therefore, open an office of representation at the Holy See, with its own director. The apostolic nuncio in Tunisia will be responsible for contacts with the leaders of the Palestine Liberation Organization."
182. Holy See, Press Office (31 May 2007). "Bilateral and Multilateral Relations of the Holy See". Holy See. Retrieved 2011-01-29.: "Organization for the Liberation of Palestine (OLP), Office with a Director".
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198. Government of Belize. "Non-Resident Embassies & Consulates: Palestine". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2010-12-31.
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203. Template:De icon "Verzeichnis der Vertretungen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland im Ausland" (PDF). Auswaertiges-amt.de. Retrieved 2010-12-05.: "Palästinensische Autonomiegebiete: Vertretungsbüro der Bundesrepublik Deutschland".
204. Template:Fr icon Government of the Hellenic Republic (5 November 2010). "Préséance des Chefs de Mission Accredités en Gréce". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2011-01-04.
205. Government of the Hellenic Republic. "Greek Missions Abroad". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2011-01-04.
206. Government of Iceland. "Diplomatic list" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department of Protocol. Retrieved 2011-01-01.
207. Palestinian National Authority. "General Delegation of Palestine in Ireland". Palestinian Monitoring Group. Retrieved 2010-11-20.
208. Jones, Ryan (26 January 2011). "Europe starts process of recognizing Palestine". Israel Today. Israel Today Magazine. {{cite news}}: Text "accessdate-2011-01-28" ignored (help)
209. Government of Italy. "Organismi Internazionali e Missioni Speciali in Italia" (PDF) (in Italian). Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2011-01-29.: "Delegazione Generale Palestinese".
210. Government of Italy. "Consulate General of Italy in Jerusalem" (in Italian). Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2011-01-29.: "Consulate General of Italy (West Jerusalem) ... Consulate General of Italy (East Jerusalem)".
211. Government of Italy. "Bilateral relations with the Countries of the Near East: Palestinian National Authority" (in Italian). Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2011-01-29.
212. Government of Japan. "Other Representative Office: Palestinian Authority". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2011-01-01.: "Ambassador, Representative of the Permanent General Mission of Palestine".
213. Representative Office of Japan to the Palestinian National Authority. "Homepage". Government of Japan. Retrieved 2011-01-01.
214. Template:Es icon Government of Mexico. "Delegación Especial de Palestina". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2010-12-31.
215. "Norway Calls for Palestinian State, Gives Diplomatic Mission Embassy Rank". Bloomberg. 2010-12-15. Retrieved 2010-12-15.
216. Palestinian Delegation in Norway. "Welcome". Palestine Liberation Organization. Retrieved 2011-01-04.
217. Representative Office of Norway to the Palestinian Authority. "Representative Office". Government of Norway. Retrieved 2011-01-04.
218. ^ Government of Slovenia. "Representations abroad: Palestinian territories". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2011-01-01.
219. Chungnam Park; Government of South Korea. "Greetings". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Retrieved 2010-12-31.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
220. Government of Spain. "Lista del Cuerpo Diplomatico" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affais and of Cooperation. Retrieved 2011-01-29. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |lanugage= ignored (help): "Delegacion General de Palestina".
221. Government of Spain. "Recomendaciones de viaje: Territorios Palestinos". Ministry of Foreign Affais and of Cooperation. Retrieved 2011-01-29.: "Representación de España - Consulado General en Jerusalen".
222. Government of Sweden. "The Stockholm Diplomatic List Including International Organisations and other Representations" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-01-29.: "Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) - General Delegation of Palestine".
223. Consulate General of Sweden in Jerusalem. "About the Consulate General". Government of Sweden. Retrieved 2011-01-29.: "The Consulate General also follows and reports about the Israeli-Palestinian peace process through contacts with the Palestinian Authority."
224. Palestinian National Authority. "General Delegation of Palestine in Switzerland". Palestinian Monitoring Group. Retrieved 2010-11-20.
225. Government of Switzerland. "Diplomatic Corps" (PDF). Federal Department of Foreign Affairs. p. 353. Retrieved 2011-01-29.: "Délégation générale de Palestine"
226. Government of Switzerland. "Swiss representation: Palestinian Authority". Federal Department of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2011-01-29.: "Representative Office of Switzerland".
227. Government of the United Kingdom. "Palestinian General Delegation". Foreign & Commonwealth Office. Retrieved 2011-01-29.
228. Palestinian Embassy in the United Kingdom. "Welcome message". Palestine Liberation Organization. Retrieved 2011-01-29.
229. Government of the United Kingdom. "Occupied Palestine Territories, Gaza, British Information and Services Office". Foreign & Commonwealth Office. Retrieved 2011-01-29.
230. Government of the United Kingdom. "Jerusalem, British Consulate-General". Foreign & Commonwealth Office. Retrieved 2011-01-29.
231. British Consulate-General in Jerusalem. "UK in Jerusalem, About us". Foreign & Commonwealth Office. Retrieved 2011-01-29.: "Other locations - Find more information about other offices for the British Consulate in Palestinian Territories - Gaza"
232. British Consulate-General in Jerusalem. "UK in Jerusalem, Other locations". Foreign & Commonwealth Office. Retrieved 2011-01-29.: "The British Information & Services Office (BISO) in Gaza, is affiliated with the British Consulate General in Jerusalem."
233. Mozgovaya, Natasha (22 July 2010). "U.S. upgrades status of Palestinian mission in Washington". Haaretz. Retrieved 2010-07-23.
234. U.S. Consulate in Jerusalem. "About the Consulate". Government of the United States. Retrieved 2010-12-05.: "The mission was designated a Consulate General in 1928. It now represents the United States in Jerusalem, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip as an independent mission, with the Consul General serving as chief of mission."
235. Baroud, Ramzy (2004), "Palestine", in Page, Kogan (ed.), Middle East Review, Kogan Page Publishers, p. 161
236. "ISO members". Iso.org. Retrieved 2010-12-05.
237. Maintenance Agency for ISO 3166 country codes (2010). "English country names and code elements". International Organization for Standardization. Retrieved 2010-12-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
238. International Organization for Standardization (2010). "Palestine Standards Institution". Retrieved 2010-12-05.
239. Al-Bab (June 2002). "Palestinian Organisations". Arab Gateway. Retrieved 2011-01-29.: "PLO also contains the ...; Palestinian Red Crescent Soc (established Jord 65, part of PLO from 1969)".
240. International Trade Union Confederation (2010). "ITUC affiliates". Retrieved 2010-12-05.
241. Secretariat, Asian Parliamentary Assembly. "Asian Parliamentary Assembly member parliaments". Asian Parliamentary Assembly. Retrieved 2010-11-20.
242. Inter-Parliamentary Union. "Members of the Union". Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved 2010-11-20.
243. Government of Egypt. "Members, Observers and Guests". Non-Aligned Movement. Retrieved 2010-11-20.
244. The Group of 77 (2010). "Member States of the Group of 77". Retrieved 2010-12-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
245. Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (2010). "ESCWA At a Glance". Retrieved 2010-12-05.
246. "Palestine ITU status". Itu.int. 2010-10-20. Retrieved 2010-12-05.
247. Permanent Observer Mission of Palestine to the United Nations. "Status of Palestine at the United Nations". Retrieved 2010-12-09.
248. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. "Government structures". United Nations. Retrieved 2010-12-05.
249. ^ World Anti-Doping Agency. "Summary update on Government progress to become a State Party to the UNESCO International Convention against Doping in Sport" (PDF). p. 2. Retrieved 2009-07-28.: "Palestine (UNESCO observer status) is not a Member State of UNESCO, but has a NOC".
250. World Health Organization (19 May 2000). "Fourth report of Committee B (Draft)" (PDF). Fifty-Third World Health Assembly. Retrieved 2010-12-05.
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Bibliography

• Fowler, Michael; Bunck, Julie Marie (1995). Law, power, and the sovereign state: the evolution and application of the concept of sovereignty. Penn State Press. ISBN 0271014717, 9780271014715. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
• Takkenberg, Alex (1998). The status of Palestinian refugees in international law (Illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198265905, 9780198265900. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Talmon, Stefan (1998). Recognition of governments in international law: with particular reference to governments in exile (Illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198265735, 9780198265733. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
• Quigley, John (1990). Palestine and Israel: A Challenge to Justice. Duke University Press.

External links

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• Foreign relations of the Palestinian National Authority