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2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict (Arab-Israeli conflict) Part of the Israel-Lebanon conflict File:2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict titlepic.png Smoke over Tyre after an Israeli bombardment (top), a Katyusha-damaged building in Haifa (bottom left), an IDF M109 self-propelled howitzer fires into Southern Lebanon (bottom right) Date 12 July 2006 — 8 September 2006 (cease-fire started 05:00 UTC, 14 August 2006) Location Lebanon and northern Israel Result Cease-fire Belligerents File:Flag of Hezbollah.svg Hezbollah Israel Commanders and leaders Hassan Nasrallah (Secretary General and Commander of Islamic Resistance) Dan Halutz (CoS), Moshe Kaplinsky, Udi Adam (Regional) Strength 5,000 - 20,000 guerilla militiamen 30,000 ground troops (plus IAF & ISC) Casualties and losses Hezbollah militia: 74 dead confirmed by Hezbollah 440 dead confirmed and identified by IDF (of an estimated 550-700 confirmed) 13 captured Allied militia: Amal: 17 LCP: 12 PFLP-GC: 2 IDF: 119 dead 400+ injured 2 captured all figures are confirmed by Israeli government Lebanese civilians: 1,187 dead 3,600 wounded Israeli civilians: 44 dead 1,350+ injured Lebanese army: 46 dead ~100 wounded UN personnel: 7 dead 12 wounded (See Attacks on United Nations personnel during the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict) for other casualties, see: Casualties of the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict

v t e 2006 Lebanon War Timeline Military engagements and attacks Cross-border raid Density Maroun al-Ras Bint Jbeil Ayta ash-Sha'b Qana Baalbek al-Qaa Tyre Change of Direction 11 Nature Reserves Civilian convoys attacks IDF Special Operations Jiyeh Chiyah Ghaziyeh Marjayoun Evacuations Baliste Sukoon Response International reactions European reactions Qana airstrike Position of Lebanon Israeli reserve soldiers' protest Humanitarian aid International incidents Related topics Prisoners Prisoner exchange Photograph controversies (Adnan Hajj) Foreign involvement War crimes Siniora Plan Ceasefire attempts UN Security Council Resolution 1680 UN Security Council Resolution 1701

v t e Israeli–Lebanese conflict Timeline Projectile attacks from Lebanon Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon 1968 Israeli raid on Lebanon 1970 Avivim bombing 1978 Israeli invasion 1982 Israeli invasion Hezbollah–Israel conflict 1982–2000 conflict 2000–2006 Shebaa Farms 2006 War 2010 Kfar Kila 2013 Hanikra 2015 Shebaa Farms Maritime border dispute Israel–Hezbollah conflict since 2023 September 2024 Lebanon strikes Lebanese displacement Israeli attacks on the Lebanese health sector

The 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict, known in Lebanon as the July War and in Israel as the Second Lebanon War was a military conflict in Lebanon and northern Israel, primarily between Hezbollah paramilitary forces and Israel. It started on 12 July 2006 and ended when a United Nations-brokered ceasefire went into effect on 14 August 2006.

The conflict began when Hezbollah fired Katyusha rockets and mortars at Israeli military positions and border villages to divert attention from another Hezbollah unit that crossed the border and captured two Israeli soldiers and killed three. Israel responded with massive airstrikes and artillery fire on Lebanese civilian infrastructure, which Israel said Hezbollah was using, an air and naval blockade, and a ground invasion of southern Lebanon. Hezbollah in turn launched rockets into northern Israel and engaged the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) in guerrilla warfare from hardened positions.

The conflict killed over 1,500 people, mostly Lebanese civilians, severely damaged Lebanese infrastructure, displaced about 900,000 Lebanese and 300,000 Israelis. and disrupted normal life across all of Lebanon and northern Israel. Even after the ceasefire, 256,000 Lebanese remained internally displaced.

On 11 August 2006 the United Nations Security Council unanimously approved UN Resolution 1701 in an effort to end the hostilities. The resolution, which was approved by both Lebanese and Israeli governments the following days, also called for the disarming of Hezbollah, for Israel to withdraw, and for the deployment of Lebanese soldiers and an enlarged United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) force in southern Lebanon. The Lebanese army began deploying in southern Lebanon on 17 August 2006. The blockade was lifted on 8 September 2006 . On 1 October 2006 the Israeli army reported that it had completed its withdrawal, but UNIFIL denied these assertions. When asked about the UNIFIL report, the IDF confirmed its forces were still operating near Ghajar, a village split in two by the border.

Background

Lebanon has long failed to control militancy within its borders, and Israel has had a history of using force in Lebanon in response to militant attacks. Militants were recruited in Lebanon by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) from the descendants of Palestinian refugees who had left Israel in 1948, and by 1968 PLO militants were conducting attacks into Israel from Lebanon. The expulsion from Jordan in 1971 of the PLO's leadership and its Fatah brigade meant increased violations of Lebanese sovereignty by Israeli forces and PLO forces fighting on their soil. This situation exacerbated demographic tensions over the Lebanese National Pact which divided governmental powers among religious groups, eventually leading to the Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990). Israel's 1978 invasion of Lebanon failed to stem the Palestinian attacks, but Israel invaded Lebanon again in 1982 and forcibly expelled the PLO. Israel withdrew to a slim borderland buffer zone, held with the aid of proxy militants in the South Lebanese Army (SLA). In 1985 Hezbollah called for armed struggle to end the Israeli occupation of Lebanese territory. When the Lebanese civil war ended and other warring factions agreed to disarm, Hezbollah and the SLA refused. Hezbollah eventually forced the surrender of the SLA and an early Israeli withdrawal in 2000 from all of Lebanon but the disputed Shebaa farms area. Hezbollah continued its campaign intermittently over the next six years, seeking to win freedom for Lebanese citizens in Israeli prisons, while Israel conducted military operations to weaken Hezbollah, occasionally agreeing to prisoner exchanges for captured soldiers.

Beginning of conflict

At around 9:00 AM local time (06:00 UTC), on 12 July 2006, Hezbollah initiated a diversionary Katyusha rocket and mortar attack on Israeli military positions and border villages. At the same time, a ground contingent of Hezbollah crossed the border into Israeli territory and attacked two Israeli armoured Humvees patrolling on the Israeli side of the Israel-Lebanon border, near the village of Zar'it, killing three, injuring two, and capturing two Israeli soldiers. Five more Israeli soldiers were killed later on the Lebanese side of the border during an attempt to rescue the two kidnapped soldiers.

Hezbollah's attack was named "Operation Truthful Promise", after a "promise" by its leader Hassan Nasrallah to kidnap Israeli soldiers and swap them for Arab prisoners in Israeli jails. It also included some of the four Lebanese prisoners in Israel, including convicted murderer Samir Kuntar. Nasrallah declared: "No military operation will return the Israeli captured soldiers…The prisoners will not be returned except through one way: indirect negotiations and a trade of prisoners."

Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert described the capture of the soldiers as an "act of war" by Lebanon, said that Israel was attacked by a sovereign country, and promised Lebanon a "very painful and far-reaching response". Israel quickly blamed the Lebanese government for the raid, as it was carried out from Lebanese territory and Hezbollah had two ministers serving in the Lebanese cabinet at that time. The Israel Defense Forces began hammering Lebanon with artillery and airstrikes hours before the Israeli Cabinet met to discuss a response. Israel's chief of staff Dan Halutz said, "if the soldiers are not returned, we will turn Lebanon's clock back 20 years," while the head of Israel's Northern Command Udi Adam said, "this affair is between Israel and the state of Lebanon. Where to attack? Once it is inside Lebanon, everything is legitimate -- not just southern Lebanon, not just the line of Hezbollah posts." The Israeli Cabinet authorized "severe and harsh" retaliation on Lebanon. In response, Lebanese Prime Minister Fouad Siniora denied any knowledge of the raid and stated that he did not condone it. An emergency meeting of the Lebanese government reaffirmed this position. Olmert later explained that "the war started not only by killing eight Israeli soldiers and abducting two, but by shooting Katyusha and other rockets on the northern cities of Israel on that same morning. Indiscriminately." A retired Israeli Army Colonel explained that the rationale behind the attack was to create a rift between the Lebanese population and Hezbollah supporters by exacting a heavy price from the elite in Beirut.

Israeli action

During the campaign, Israel's Air Force flew more than 12,000 combat missions. The Navy fired 2,500 shells, and the Army fired over 100,000 shells , destroying large parts of the Lebanese civilian infrastructure. 400 miles of roads, 73 bridges and 31 targets such as Beirut International Airport, ports, water and sewage treatment plants, electrical facilities, 25 fuel stations, 900 commercial structures, up to 350 schools and two hospitals were destroyed, as well as some 15,000 homes. Some 130,000 more homes were damaged. Israeli Defense Minister Amir Peretz ordered commanders to prepare civil defense plans. One million Israelis had to stay near or in bomb shelters or security rooms, with some 250,000 civilians evacuating the north and relocating to other areas of the country.

Timeline

Early on 13 July 2006 Israel sent IAF jets to bomb Beirut International Airport, forcing its closure and diversion of incoming flights to Cyprus. Israel subsequently imposed an air and sea blockade on Lebanon, and bombed the main Beirut–Damascus highway.

On 23 July 2006 Israeli land forces crossed into Lebanon in the Maroun al-Ras area, which overlooks several other locations said to have been used as launch sites for Hezbollah rockets.

On 25 July 2006 IDF engaged Hezbollah forces in the Battle of Bint Jbeil.

On 26 July 2006 Israeli forces attacked and destroyed an UN observer post. Described as a nondeliberate attack, the post was shelled for hours before being bombed. UN forces made repeated calls to alert Israeli forces of the danger to the UN observers, all four of whom were killed. Rescuers were shelled as they attempted to reach the post. According to an e-mail sent earlier by one of the UN observers killed in the attack, there had been numerous occasions on a daily basis where the post had come under fire from both Israeli artillery and aerial bombing. The UN observer reportedly wrote that previous Israeli bombing near the post had not been deliberate targeting, but rather due to "tactical necessity," military jargon which retired Canadian Major General Lewis MacKenzie later interpreted as indicating that Israeli strikes were aimed at Hezbollah targets near the post.

On 27 July 2006 Hezbollah ambushed the Israeli forces in Bint Jbeil and killed eight soldiers. Israel said it also inflicted heavy losses on Hezbollah.

On 28 July 2006 Israeli paratroopers killed 26 of Hizbullah's commando elite in Bint Jbeil. In total, the IDF claimed that 80 fighters were killed in the battles at Bint Jbeil.

On 30 July 2006 Israeli airstrikes hit an apartment building in Qana, killing at least 28 civilians, of which 16 were children, with 13 more missing. The airstrike was widely condemned.

On 31 July 2006 the Israeli military and Hezbollah forces engaged Hezbollah in the Battle of Ayta ash-Shab.

On 1 August 2006 Israeli commandos launched Operation Sharp and Smooth, landed in Baalbek and captured five civilians including one bearing the same name as Hezbollah's leader, "Hassan Nasrallah". All of the civilians were released after the ceasefire. Troops landed near Dar al-Himkeh hospital west of Baalbeck as part of a widescale operation in the area.

On 4 August 2006 the IAF attacked a building in the area of al-Qaa around 10 kilometers (six miles) from Hermel in the Bekaa Valley, Lebanon, killing 33 farm workers in the.

On 5 August 2006 Israeli commandos carried out a nighttime raid in Tyre.

On 7 August 2006 the IAF attacked the Shiyyah suburb in the Lebanese capital of Beirut, destroying three apartment buildings in the suburb, killing at least 50 people.

On 11 August 2006 the IAF attacked a convoy of approximately 750 vehicles containing Lebanese police, army, civilians, and one Associated Press journalist, killing at least seven people and wounding at least 36.

On 12 August 2006 the IDF established its hold in Lebanon. Over the weekend Israeli forces in southern Lebanon nearly tripled in size. and were ordered to advance towards the Litani River.

On 14 August 2006 the Israeli Air Force reported that they had killed the head of Hezbollah’s Special Forces, whom they identified as Sajed Dewayer, while Hezbollah denied this claim. 80 minutes before the cessation of hostilities, the IDF targeted a Palestinian faction in the Ein el-Hilweh refugee camp in Sidon, killing a UNRWA staff member. Two refugees had been killed in an attack on this camp six days prior to the incident.

Hezbollah action

Hezbollah fired between 3,970 and 4,228 rockets, about 95% of which were 122 mm Katyusha artillery rockets carrying an up to 30 kg warhead and having a range of up to 30 km. An estimated 23% of these rockets hit built-up areas, primarily civilian in nature. Cities hit included Haifa, Hadera, Nazareth, Tiberias, Nahariya, Safed, Afula, Kiryat Shmona, Beit She'an, Karmiel, and Maalot, and dozens of Kibbutzim, Moshavim, and Druze and Arab villages, as well as the northern West Bank. Hezbollah also engaged in guerrilla warfare from hardened positions with the IDF. These attacks by small, well-armed units caused serious problems for the IDF, especially where hundreds of sophisticated Russian-made anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) were used. Hezbollah destroyed 14 Israeli Merkava main battle tanks and damaged 50. Six tanks were destroyed by anti-tank mines. Hezbollah caused additional casualties using ATGMs to collapse buildings onto Israeli troops sheltering inside.

After the initial Israeli response, Hezbollah declared an all-out military alert. Hezbollah was estimated to have 13,000 missiles at the beginning of the conflict.. Israeli newspaper Haaretz reported that it was a trained, skilled, well-organized, highly motivated infantry that was equipped with the cream of the crop of modern weaponry from the arsenals of Syria, Iran, Russia, and China. Lebanese satellite TV station Al-Manar reported that the attacks had included a Fajr-3 and a Ra'ad 1, both liquid-fuel missiles developed by Iran.

Timeline

On 14 July 2006 the IDF bombed Nasrallah's offices in Beirut.Nasrallah addressed Israel, saying “You wanted an open war, and we are heading for an open war. We are ready for it.” Hezbollah attacked the INS Hanit, an Israeli Sa'ar 5-class missile boat enforcing the naval blockade, with a radar guided C-802 anti-ship missile. 4 sailors were killed and the warship was severely damaged and towed back to port.

On 27 July 2006 Hezbollah ambushed the Israeli forces in Bint Jbeil and killed eight soldiers. Israel said it also inflicted heavy losses on Hezbollah.

On 17 August 2006 Hezbollah hit a railroad repair depot, killing eight workers. Hezbollah claimed that this attack was aimed at a large Israeli fuel storage plant adjacent to the railway facility. Haifa is home to many strategically valuable facilities such as shipyards and oil refineries.

On 18 July 2006 Hezbollah hit a hospital in Safed in northern Galilee, wounding eight.

On 3 August 2006 Nasrallah warned Israel against hitting Beirut and promised retalation against Tel Aviv in this case. He also stated that Hezbollah would stop its rocket campaign if Israel ceased aerial and artillery strikes of Lebanese towns and villages.

On 4 August 2006 Israel attacked the southern outskirts of Beirut, and later in the day, Hezbollah launched rockets at the Hadera region.

On 9 August 2006 nine Israeli soldiers were killed when the building they were taking cover in was struck by a Hezbollah anti-tank missile and collapsed.

On 12 August 2006 24 Israeli soldiers were killed; the worst Israeli loss in a single day. Out of those 24, five soldiers were killed when Hezbollah shot down an Israeli helicopter, a first for the militia.. Hezbollah claimed the helicopter had been attacked with a Wa'ad missile.

Position of Lebanon

While Israel initially held the Lebanese government responsible for the Hezbollah attacks due to Lebanon's failure to implement Resolution 1559 and disarm Hezbollah, Lebanon disavowed the raids, stating that the government of Lebanon did not condone them, and that Israel had its own history of disregarding inconvenient UN resolutions. On 14 July 2006 the Prime Minister's office issued a statement that called on US President George W. Bush to exert all his efforts on Israel to stop its attacks on Lebanon, reach a comprehensive ceasefire and lift its blockade. On the next day, Siniora called for "an immediate ceasefire backed by the United Nations" in a televised speech. On 27 July 2006 Siniora presented a 7-point truce plan, which called for a mutual release of Lebanese and Israeli prisoners, withdrawal of Israel behind the Blue Line, temporary placement of the Shebaa Farms under UN jurisdiction, full control over southern Lebanon in the hands of the Lebanese army, an expanded UNIFIL force, the enforcement of the 1949 Armistice Agreements, and international economic and humanitarian aid. A US-France draft for a resolution that was influenced by the plan, but contained conditions on Israeli withdrawal, military actions and mutual prisoner release, was later rejected as inadequate. Many Lebanese accused the US government of stalling the ceasefire resolution and support of Israel. In a poll conducted two weeks into the conflict, 8% of the respondents felt that the US would support Lebanon, while 87% supported Hezbollah's fight against Israel. After the attack on Qana, Siniora snubbed US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice by cancelling a meeting with her and thanked Hezbollah for its "sacrifices for the independence and sovereignty of Lebanon." On 7 August 2006 the 7-point plan was extended to include the deployment of 15,000 Lebanese Army troops to fill the void between an Israeli withdrawal and UNIFIL deployment.

During Israel's raid on Tyre, the Lebanese Army reportedly fired surface-to-air missiles at Israeli helicopters, which returned fire and destroyed a Lebanese M113 Armored Personnel Carrier.

Targets in civilian areas

1,187 Lebanese civilians and 44 Israeli civilians were killed in the conflict, making up the vast majority of the casualties. Almost one third of the Lebanese civilian casualties were children under 13 years of age. Both Israel and Hezbollah were accused by the United Nations as well as human rights organisations of violations of international law and possible war crimes.

Israel destroyed large parts of the Lebanese civilian infrastructure with airstrikes and artillery fire. The UNDP initially estimated about 35,000 homes and businesses in Lebanon had been destroyed. Economic losses were estimated to be at least US$15 billion. Israel, however, says that it only attacked infrastructure used by Hezbollah to smuggle the captured soldiers, launch rockets or receive re-supply from Iran and Syria. Jan Egeland accused Israel of "completely immoral" use of cluster bombs, 90% of which occured in the last 72 hours of the conflict. Up to 1,000,000 bomblets remained unexploded in Lebanon, killing an average of 3 people per day after the ceasefire, 52 in the first 15 days. Amnesty International criticised Israel's reported use of white phosphorus and condemned the use of cluster bombs in residential areas as indiscriminate attacks and grave violations of international humanitarian law. It suggested that the attacks on civilians were part of the military strategy, rather than collateral damage. Human Rights Watch blamed Israel for systematically failing to distinguish between combatants and civilians, which may constitute a war crime. The Association for Civil Rights in Israel points to Israeli attacks on roads, bridges and vehicles transporting refugees as preventing civilian evacuation.

Hezbollah fired about 4,000 rockets in the conflict, a quarter of which landed in all major cities in northern Israel, including Haifa, Nazareth, and Tiberias, as well as dozens of kibbutzim, moshavim, Druze, and Arab villages. Hassan Nasrallah, however, defended the attacks, saying that Hezbollah had started to act calmly, focusing on Israeli military bases and not attacking settlements, but that Israel had attacked Lebanese towns and murdered civilians since the first day. United Nations Undersecretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator Jan Egeland accused Hezbollah of "cowardly blending among women and children" and using the civilian population as human shields. Amnesty International condemned Hezbollah's disregard for civilian lives and indiscriminate use of force. Human Rights Watch accused Hezbollah of committing war crimes by deliberately and indiscriminately killing civilians by firing rockets into populated areas. The organization also criticized Hezbollah for filling its rockets with ball bearings, which suggested a desire to maximize harm to civilians. The IDF claimed that Hezbollah had blocked village exits to prevent residents from leaving the warzone.

Environmental damage

The Israeli Air Force bombed the Jiyeh power station, 30 km (19 mi) south of Beirut, on 13 July 2006 and 15 July 2006, resulting in an environmental disaster. The plant's damaged storage tanks leaked 20,000 to 30,000 tonnes of oil into the eastern Mediterranean Sea, comparable in size to the Exxon Valdez oil spill. A 10 km wide oil slick covers 170 km of coastline, and was threatening Turkey and Cyprus. The slick was reportedly causing breathing problems, killing fish, and threatened the habitat of the endangered green sea turtle, as well as increasing the risk of cancer. The Lebanese government estimated the time necessary for a complete recovery to be 10 years. The UN estimated the cost for the initial clean-up at $64m.

Hezbollah rocket attacks caused numerous forest fires inside northern Israel, particularly on the Naftali mountain range near Kiryat Shmona. As of 8 August as many as 9,000 acres including 3,000 acres of Israel’s few forests, were damaged by fires caused by Hezbollah rockets, and at least one forest has lost nearly 75% of its trees. The Jewish National Fund estimated that it would take 50 to 60 years to rehabilitate the forests.

International action and reaction

(see discussion)

The conflict engendered worldwide concerns over infrastructure damage and the risks of escalation of the crisis, as well as mixed support and criticism of both Hezbollah and Israel. Governments of the United States, United Kingdom, GermanyAustralia, and Canada, asserted Israel's right to self-defense. The United States government further responded by authorizing Israel's request for expedited shipment of precision-guided bombs, but did not announce the decision publicly.

Among neighboring Middle Eastern nations, Iran, Syria, and Yemen voiced strong support for Hezbollah, while the Arab League issued statements condemning Israel’s response and criticizing Hezbollah’s action.

Many worldwide protests and demonstrations appealed for an immediate ceasefire on both sides and expressed concern for the heavy loss of civilian life on all sides. Other demonstrations were held exclusively in favor of Lebanon or Israel. Numerous newspaper advertising campaigns, SMS and email appeals, and online petitions also occurred.

Various foreign governments assisted the evacuation of their citizens from Lebanon.

Ceasefire

Terms for a ceasefire had been drawn and revised several times over the course of the conflict, yet successful agreement between the two sides took several weeks. Hezbollah maintained the desire for an unconditional ceasefire, while Israel insisted upon a conditional ceasefire, including the return of the two kidnapped soldiers. Lebanon frequently pled for the United Nations Security Council to call for an immediate, unconditional ceasefire between Israel and Hezbollah.

On 11 August 2006 the United Nations Security Council unanimously approved UN Security Council Resolution 1701, in an effort to end the hostilities. It was accepted by the Lebanese government and Hezbollah on 12 August 2006, and by the Israeli government on 13 August 2006. The ceasefire took effect at 8:00 AM (5:00 AM GMT) on 14 August 2006.

Before the ceasefire, the two Hezbollah members of cabinet said that their militia would not disarm south of the Litani River, according to another senior member of the Lebanese cabinet, while a top Hezbollah official similarly denied any intention of disarming in the south. Israel said it would stop withdrawing from Southern Lebanon if Lebanese troops were not deployed there within a matter of days.

Reviews of the conflict

Following the ceasefire, there were mixed responses on who had gained most in the war. Iran and Syria proclaimed a victory for Hezbollah while the Israeli and United States administrations declared that Hezbollah lost the conflict. According to one analyst in the Associated Press, the main casualty was the fragile unity between Lebanon's sectarian and political groups.

Israeli Prime Minister Olmert admitted to the Knesset that there were mistakes in the war in Lebanon, but he framed UN Security Council resolution 1701 as an accomplishment for Israel that would bring home the kidnapped soldiers, and said that the operations had altered the regional strategic balance vis-à-vis Hezbollah. Israeli chief of staff Dan Halutz admitted to failings in the conflict. Government and defense officials called for Halutz' resignation following a stock scandal in which he admitted selling stocks hours before the start of the offensive. Former defense minister Moshe Arens spoke of "the defeat of Israel" in calling for a state committee of inquiry. He said that Israel had lost "to a very small group of people, 5000 Hezbollah fighters, which should have been no match at all for the IDF," and stated that the conflict could have "some very fateful consequences for the future." Disclosing his intent to shortly resign, Ilan Harari, the IDF's chief education officer, stated at a conference of senior IDF officers that Israel lost the war, becoming the first senior active duty officer to publicly state such an opinion.

In a poll by an Israeli radio station immediately after the ceasefire, Israelis were split on the outcome with the majority believing that no one won.. On 21 August, a group of demobilized Israel reserve soldiers and parents of soldiers killed in the fighting started a movement calling for the resignation of Ehud Olmert and the establishment of a national commission of inquiry. They set up a protest tent opposite the Knesset and grew to over 2,000 supporters in four days , including the influential Movement for Quality Government. By that time, 63% of Israelis polled wanted Olmert to resign due to his handling of the war. A few days later, Olmert announced that there would be no independent national or governmental commission of inquiry, but two internal inspection commissions, one to investigate the political echelon and one to examine IDF, and likely a third commission to examine the Home Front. These would have a more limited mandate and less authority than a single inquiry commission headed by a retired judge. The political and military committees were to be headed by former director of Mossad Nahum Admoni and former Chief of Staff Amnon Lipkin-Shahak, respectively. Critics argued that these committees amount to a whitewash, due to their limited authority, limited investigatory scope, their self-appointed basis, and that neither would be headed by a retired judge.

In south Beirut and Lebanon, Hezbollah was leading the rebuilding effort using "unlimited" support from Iran, thereby awarding Hezbollah further political clout. The Economist concluded that by surviving this asymmetrical military conflict with Israel, Hezbollah effectively emerged with a military and political victory from this conflict. They cite the facts that Hezbollah was able to sustain defenses on Lebanese soil and inflict unmitigated rocket attacks on Israeli civilians in the face of a punishing air and land campaign by the IDF. Also, Israel's stated goals entering the conflict were to retrieve its two captured soldiers and destroy the military capability of Hezbollah - neither goal was accomplished. US President George W. Bush questioned Hezbollah's declarations of victory "when at one time were a state within a state, safe within southern Lebanon, and now going to be replaced by a Lebanese army and an international force." It seems unlikely, however, that the army or the international force will attempt to disarm Hezbollah. On 27 August, Hassan Nasrallah apologised to the Lebanese people for the incident that sparked the war, saying "Had we known that the kidnapping of the soldiers would have led to this, we would definitely not have done it." This was the day before UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan's visit to Lebanon, On 22 September, some eight hundred thousand Hezbollah supporters gathered in Beirut for a victory rally. Nasrallah said that Hezbollah should celebrate the "divine and strategic victory."

The huge economic losses in Lebanon have prompted a commentator in the London-based Arabic newspaper Asharq Al-Awsat to question the claims of victory by Hezbollah. The fighting resulted in a huge financial setback for Lebanon, with estimates ranging from US$7 to US$15 billion in direct costs while the cost for Israel is put at US$1.6 - US$3 billion.

Media controversy

Several media commentators and journalists have alleged an intentially distorted coverage of the events, in favour of Hezbollah, by means of photo manipulation, staging by Hezbollah or by journalists, and false or misleading captioning.

On 18 July 2006 Hezbollah Press Officer Hussein Nabulsi took CNN's Nic Robertson on an exclusive tour of southern Beirut. Robertson noted his guide's anxiety about explosions in the area, and that it was clear that Hezbollah had sophisticated media relations and were in control of its areas and the situation. Hezbollah designated the places that they went to, and the journalists "certainly didn't have time to go into the houses or lift up the rubble to see what was underneath." According to his reports, there was no doubt that the bombs were hitting Hezbollah facilities, but there appeared to be "a lot of civilian damage, a lot of civilian properties."

CNN's Charlie Moore described a Hezbollah press tour of a bombed-out area in southern Beirut on 23 July 2006 as a "dog-and-pony show" due to perceived staging, misrepresentation of the nature of the destroyed areas, and strict directives about when and with whom interviews could take place.

In the same interview aired on 23 July 2006, CNN's John Roberts, who was reporting from an Israeli artillery battery on the Lebanese border, stated that he had to take everything he was told—either by the IDF or Hezbollah—"with a grain of salt," citing mutual recriminations of civilian targeting which he was unable to verify independently.

Reuters withdrew over 900 photographs by Adnan Hajj, a Lebanese freelance photographer, after he admitted to digitally adding and darkening smoke spirals in photographs of an attack on Beirut.

Photographs submitted to Reuters and Associated Press showed one Lebanese woman mourning on two different pictures taken by two photographers, allegedly taken two weeks apart. While it is "common practice to send more than one photographer to an incident", questions remained as to whether the images were wrongly captioned or deliberately staged.

Post-ceasefire events

• On 14 August 2006, hours after the beginning of the ceasefire, about four mortars were fired inside southern Lebanon. An Israeli military spokesman said that Israel will not respond to their firing. On that day four more incidents were recorded when armed Hezbollah members said to have approached Israeli positions were killed.
• On 15 August 2006 "Israeli soldiers opened fire when four Hezbollah fighters came toward them," three of the Hezbollah fighters were killed. The same day, about 10 rockets were fired by Hezbollah inside southern Lebanon. Israel reiterated it wouldn't respond since the rockets did not cross border.
• On 18 August 2006 Lebanese police sources reported that Israeli Defense Force warplanes launched four missiles toward targets in an eastern Lebanese village of Baalbek. Israeli sources acknowledge that its air force performs sorties over Lebanese territory, but denied breaking the ceasefire. Lebanese officials later contradicted the police sources stating that no missiles were fired by the Israeli planes. The Associated Press reported that Hezbollah had fired at least 10 Katyusha rockets into southern Lebanon. The IDF stated that as none had crossed the border and there were no casualties, they did not respond. Earlier, skirmishes between Israeli forces and Hezbollah left six guerrillas dead. UNIFIL also reported that the IDF fired a tank shell at the Lebanese village of Markaba but that there was no response from the other side.
• On 19 August 2006 Israel launched a raid in Lebanon's eastern Bekaa Valley it says was aimed to disrupt weapons supplies to Hezbollah from Syria and Iran. Lebanese officials "said the Israelis were apparently seeking a guerrilla target in a school." One Israeli soldier was killed, another mortally wounded, while 3 Hezbollah fighters were wounded. Hezbollah said it won't respond to the attack. U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan said he was "deeply concerned" about an Israeli commando raid in eastern Lebanon Saturday, calling it a violation of a U.N.-backed ceasefire. The statement also cites UNIFIL troops as saying there have "also been several air violations by Israeli military aircraft." Israeli Foreign Ministry spokesman Mark Regev told the Associated Press that “he cease-fire is based on (U.N. resolution) 1701 which calls for an international arms embargo against Hezbollah.” Regev was referring to article 8 of the resolution which calls for an end to all weapons transfers to Hezbollah.
• On 27 August 2006 UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan said that U.N. troops would not intercept Syrian arms shipments to Hezbollah unless requested to do so by the Lebanese Government.
• On 29 August 2006 UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan said that Israel had committed most of the truce violations and described Israel's continuing embargo as "a humiliation and an infringement on Lebanese sovereignty." Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert reiterated Israel's willingness to lift the blockade after full implementation of the U.N.-brokered cease fire.
• On 6 September 2006 the Israeli government announced that it would lift the blockade the following day at 6:00 PM local time (3:00 PM GMT).
• On 7 September 2006 the aviation blockade was lifted.
• On 8 September 2006 the naval blockade was lifted.
• On 22 September 2006 Nasrallah claimed in a victory rally that Hezbollah possessed over 20,000 rockets and that it was stronger than before 12 July. According to various estimates, the organisation had fewer than 20,000 rockets before and fired about 4,000 rockets during the conflict.
• On 1 October 2006, seven weeks after the ceasefire, the Israeli army reported that it had completed its withdrawal, but UNIFIL denied these assertions. When asked about the UNIFIL report, the IDF confirmed its forces were still operating near Ghajar, a village split in two by the border.

See also

Template:Campaignbox Arab-Israeli conflict

• 2006 Israel-Gaza conflict
• History of Lebanon
• History of Israel
• History of the Middle East
• Israel-United States relations
• United Nations Security Council Resolution 1559
• United Nations Security Council Resolution 1697

References

1. "Arafat's 'fox' running rocket unit", Jerusalem Post, 29 July 2006; See also, "Imad Mughniyeh: Hezbollah's Phantom"
2. "Two Northern Command chiefs?", Ynetnews, 8 August 2006; See also, "IDF officials: Maj. Gen. Adam must quit post after war"; "Israel swaps commanders"; "Impatient Israel appoints new battle chief"; "New Israeli General Oversees Lebanon "; "Israel names new commander to head offensive"; "Israel changes command structure"
3. "Some 30,000 Israeli troops in Lebanon - army radio". Reuters via Yahoo! News Asia. 2006-08-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
4. "Israel begins pullout as ceasefire holds]".
5. "Analysis: Hezbollah's recovery timetable". UPI.
6. "Israel begins pullout as ceasefire holds]".
7. "Israel begins pullout as ceasefire holds]".
8. ^ Cite error: The named reference ds190806 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
9. ^ "Israel-Hizbullah conflict: Victims of rocket attacks and IDF casualties". Israel, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Cite error: The named reference "MFA" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
10. ^ "Humanitarian Assistance to Lebanon". United States Agency for International Development Disaster Assistance. 1 September 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-03. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
11. "Listing of all Israeli casualties in 2006 Lebanon war with a photo of each deceased person". Israel, Prime Minister's Office. unknown. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
12. "Listing of all Israeli casualties in 2006 Lebanon war with links to corresponding reports on the circumstances of their deaths". ynet.co.il. 14 August 2006. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
13. "Some 1,300 Israelis hurt since fighting began". Ynetnews. 2006-07-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
14. AFP (2006). "Timeline of the July War 2006". Lebanon: The Daily Star. Retrieved 15 September. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
15. See, e.g., Yaakov Katz, "Halutz officers discuss war strategy," Jerusalem Post, Sept. 5, 2006, p. 2
16. "Lebanese Premier Seeks U.S. Help in Lifting Blockade". Washington Post. 24 August 2006. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
18. "Mideast War, by the numbers". Guardian Unlimited / Associated Press. 2006-08-18. Retrieved 2006-08-25. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
19. "Hizbullah attacks northern Israel and Israel's response". Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. August, 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-02. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
20. Pannell, Ian (9 September 2006). "Lebanon breathes after the blockade". BBC News. Retrieved 9 September 2006. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
21. AFP - Israel pulls remaining troops out of Lebanon
22. http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/10/01/lebanon.withdrawal/index.html
23. "Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (For the period from 21 January 2006 to 18 July 2006)". United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon. July 21, 2006.
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26. "Hizbullah leader calls for prisoner exchange". Al Bawaba. 12 July 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
27. "Israelis invade Lebanon after soldiers are seized". Guardian Unlimited. July 12, 2006. Retrieved September 26, 2006.
28. "Olmert: We were attacked by a sovereign country". Ynetnews. July 12, 2006. Retrieved September 26, 2006.
29. Fletcher, Martin (12 July 2006). "Regional tensions fuel Lebanon-Israel clashes". MSNBC. Retrieved 2006-08-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
30. Alon, Gideon (13 July 2006). "Israel holds Lebanon government responsible for Hezbollah attack". Haaretz. Retrieved 2006-08-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
31. "Israel authorizes 'severe' response to abductions". CNN. July 12, 2006. Retrieved September 26, 2006.
32. "Statement by Prime Minister Fouad Siniora". The Manila Times. July 17, 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
33. ^ "Statement by Prime Minister Fouad Siniora". Daily Star (Lebanon) (registration required). 17 July 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-20. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
34. Qawas, Nafez (13 July 2006). "Simiora's Cabinet makes clear it had nothing to do with 'what happened'". Daily Star (Lebanon) (registration required). Retrieved 2006-08-20. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
35. Farrel, Stephen (2 August 2006). "The Times interview with Ehud Olmert: full transcript". The Times. Retrieved 2006-08-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
36. Wright, Robin (19 July 2006). "Bush Supports Israel's Move Against Hezbollah". Washington Post. Retrieved 2006-08-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
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38. "Mideast War, by the numbers". Guardian / Associated Press. 2006-08-18. Retrieved 2006-08-25. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
39. "Lebanon Refuses Contact With Israel". Guardian / Associated Press. 2006-08-30. Retrieved 2006-09-04. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
40. "Amnesty report accuses Israel of war crimes". Guardian. 2006-08-23. Retrieved 2006-09-03. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
41. "Crayons, glass, litter floor of Lebanese school". Reuters AlertNet. 2006-08-30. Retrieved 2006-09-03. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
42. ^ "Hizballah's Rocket Campaign Against Northern Israel: A Preliminary Report". Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. 2006-08-31. Retrieved 2006-09-14. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
43. ^ Hasson, Nir (14 July 2006). "Israel targets Hezbollah stronghold in Beirut suburb". Haaretz. Retrieved 2006-08-20. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
44. "Israel 'seizes' Hezbollah village". BBC News. 2006-07-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
45. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5215366.stm
46. "Soldier missing at UN border post, presumed dead". CTV television network. July 26, 2006. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
47. ^ "Bint Jbeil: Hezbollah heartland". BBC News. 2006-07-27. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
48. Ynet (Hebrew)
49. Human Rights Watch puts Qana death toll at 28, Reuters, August 3, 2006.
50. KIFNER, John (23 August 2006). "What's in a Name? Not, It Seems, a Leader of Hezbollah in Lebanon". The New York Times. Retrieved 2006-08-23. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
51. Greenberg, Hanan (12 August 2006). "Chief of staff: We tripled our forces in southern Lebanon". Haaretz. Retrieved 2006-08-20. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
52. Katz, Yaakov (12 August 2006). "IDF troops advancing to Litani River". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 2006-08-20. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
53. Greenberg, Hanan (16 August 2006). "IDF: Senior Hizbullah man killed before truce". Ynetnews. Retrieved 2006-08-20. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
55. "Hezbollah's rocket force". BBC. 2006-07-18. Retrieved 2006-09-14. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
56. "Mideast War, by the numbers". Guardian / Associated Press. 2006-08-18. Retrieved 2006-08-25. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
57. ^ "Major Attacks in Lebanon, Israel and the Gaza Strip". New York Times. 14 August 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-23. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
58. Greenberg, Hannan (14 July 2006). "Woman, grandson killed in Meron rocket attack". Ynetnews. Retrieved 2006-08-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
59. "Long-range rocket lands near Jenin". Ynetnews. 2006-08-02. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
61. Tal, Avraham (31 July 2006). "Justified, essential and timely". Haaretz. Retrieved 2006-08-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
62. "Hezbollah rockets kill 9 in Israeli city". Associated Press. 2006-07-16. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
63. "Hizbullah: One of the rockets is a Ra'ad 1". Ynetnews. 2006-07-16. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
64. "Hezbollah leader vows 'open war'". BBC News. 07-15-06. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
65. "Israeli Attacks Increase; Hezbollah Vows 'Open War'". NPR. 2006-07-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
66. "2 wounded in Hezbollah strike on Haifa". The News-Sentinel. 2006-07-17. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
67. "Israel hammers at Lebanese infrastructure". The Associated Press. 2006-07-17. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
68. Siegel-Itzkovich, Judy (2006). "Hizbollah rocket hits hospital" (Abstract). British Medical Journal. 333 (7561): 217-b-. doi:10.1136/bmj.333.7561.217-b. Retrieved 2006-08-13. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
69. "Lebanese Hezbollah warns of rocket attacks at Tel Aviv if Beirut struck", People's Daily, 4 August 2005
70. Cite error: The named reference mabat was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
71. Raved, Ahiya (4 August 2006). "For first time: Hizbullah targets Hadera area". Ynetnews. Retrieved 2006-08-15. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
72. "24 soldiers killed in South Lebanon Saturday". Jerusalem Post. 2006-08-12. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
73. "Lebanon says Bush to press Israel to limit attacks". Reuters. 2006-07-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
74. "Lebanese PM demands ceasefire". ABC News. 2006-09-15. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
75. Israeli strikes may boost Hezbollah base
76. Civilian Deaths in Lebanon Provoke International Outcry, Israel Suspends Aerial Bombardment
78. "UN likely to cut request for Lebanon emergency aid". Reuters. 2006-07-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
79. "Lebanon says 1,000 dead or missing". Reuters. 2006-08-07. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
80. "Lebanon Reports 1,130 Dead". IsraelNationalNews. 2006-08-12. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
81. "War wiped out 15 years of Lebanese recovery - UNDP". The Daily Star. 24 August 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-24. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
82. Finer, Jonathan (8 August 2006). "Israeli Soldiers Find a Tenacious Foe in Hezbollah". Washington Post. p. A1. Retrieved 2006-08-23. Israeli commanders say Hezbollah has obtained its sophisticated weaponry from its main backers, Syria and Iran? Hezbollah chooses to fight in and among civilian centers, making it difficult to target its fighters without killing bystanders. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
83. Cody, Edward (5 August 2006). "Israeli Warplanes Hit Lebanon's Christian Areas". Washington Post. p. A12. Retrieved 2006-08-23. An Israeli military spokesman, Capt. Jacob Dallal, said Israeli planes attacked a building in Qaa suspected of ?being used as a weapons depot of some sort?.?Israeli aircraft also hit Beirut?s southern suburbs, at Ouzai near Beirut?s international airport.?The targets were buildings with Hezbollah offices and other installations, they said. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
84. "UN denounces Israel cluster bombs". BBC. August 30, 2006. Retrieved October 2, 2006.
85. Children face perils of bomblets in Lebanon
86. "UN warning on Mid-East war crimes". BBC News. 2006-07-20. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
87. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5382192.stm
88. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5376756.stm
89. http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20060913/wl_mideast_afp/mideastconflictisraellebanonweapons_060913143214
90. "Obligations under international humanitarian law of the parties to the conflict in Israel and Lebanon". Amnesty International. 26 July 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-15. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
91. "UN warning on Mid-East war crimes". BBC News. 2006-07-20. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
92. "Deliberate destruction or "collateral damage"? Israeli attacks on civilian infrastructure". Amnesty International. 2006-08-23.
93. ^ "U.N.: Open Independent Inquiry into Civilian Deaths". Human Rights Watch. 2006-08-08. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
94. "Israeli Cluster Munitions Hit civilians in Lebanon". Human Rights Watch. 2006-07-24. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
95. "ACRI calls for state inquiry into Lebanese civilian deaths". Association for Civil Rights in Israel. . Retrieved 2006-09-07. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
96. "Hizbullah attacks northern Israel and Israel's response". MFA. 2006-07-12. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
97. "Anxious northern Israel endures rocket fire". CNN. {{cite news}}: Text "date2006-07-14" ignored (help)
98. "Hizbullah leader promises enemy 'more surprises'". Islamic Resistance Lebanon. 17 July 2006. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
99. Associated Press (July 25, 2006). "UN humanitarian chief blasts Hizbullah". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 2006-08-07. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
100. "UN: Security Council must adopt urgent measures to protect civilians in Israel-Lebanon conflict". Amnesty International.
101. "Lebanon: Hezbollah Rocket Attacks on Haifa Designed to Kill Civilians". Human Rights Watch. 18 July 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
102. http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3278026,00.html
103. "UN sounds Lebanon oil spill alarm". Al Jazeera. 2006-08-08. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
104. "Crisis talks on Lebanon oil spill". BBC News url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4798965.stm. 2006-08-16. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Missing pipe in: |publisher= (help)
105. "'Damage is done' to Lebanon coast". BBC News. 2006-08-08. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
106. "Middle East crisis: Facts and figures". BBC News.
107. "In pictures: Conflict enters fourth week: Picture 8: "Some Hezbollah rockets have started forest fires in Israel"". BBC News. 2006-08-02. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
108. Kraft, Dina (8 August 2006). "Dry Forests in Northern Israel Are Damaged as Hezbollah's Rocket Attacks Ignite Fires". The Environment. New York Times. Retrieved 2006-08-08. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
109. "More Press for JNF's Work in the North" (Press release). Jewish National Fund. 2006-08-09. Retrieved 2006-08-14.
110. "Developments in Israel-Lebanon Crisis". Forbes. 07-13-06. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
111. Office of the Press Secretary (2006-07-13). "President Bush and German Chancellor Merkel Participate in Press Availability". The White House. Retrieved 2006-07-15. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
112. . German Foreign Office. 2006-07-13 http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/diplo/en/Infoservice/Presse/Interview/2006/060713SteinmeierNahostIranZDF.html. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
113. Reuters (2006-07-22). "US Rushes Precision-Guided Bombs to Israel". Reuters. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
114. "Arab League declares support for Lebanon, calls on UN to step in". Haaretz. 16 July 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
115. Fattah, Hassan M. (17 July 2006). "Arab League criticizes Hezbollah for attacks". International Herald Tribune. Retrieved 2006-08-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
116. Press Association (28 July 2006). "Ads urge call for Lebanon ceasefire". The Guardian. Retrieved 2006-08-16. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
117. "Save the Lebanese Civilians Petition". E-petitions.net. 15 July 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-16. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
118. "Lebanon evacuation gathers pace". BBC News. 2006-07-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
119. "Hezbollah wants an unconditional ceasefire". CTV.ca. 2006-07-17. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
120. "Israel sends instructions to Lebanon through Italy". Jerusalem Post. 2006-07-16. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
121. "U.N.: Cease-fire begins Monday". CNN. 2006-08-12. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
122. "U.N.: Cease-fire begins Monday". CNN. 12 August 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
123. "Israel to halt pullout unless Lebanon army deploys". Reuters. 16 August 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-16. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
124. "Hizbullah's shallow victory". The Economist. 19 August 2006. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
125. Syria and Iran claim victory over West
126. Lebanon's fragile unity shatters - Kuwaittimes.net
127. "Olmert: Mistakes made in Lebanon war". United Press International. 14 August 2006. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
129. "Israel army chief admits failures". 24 August 2006. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
130. "Stocks scandal spells doom of embattled Israeli army chief". Agence France-Presse. 16 August 2006. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
132. "With guns silent, wartime unity unravels in Israel". International Herald Tribune. 18/08/2006. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
133. ^ "Yoman", Israel Broadcasting Authority, 25 August 2006 Template:He icon
134. "Hundreds support protesting reservists", Ynetnews, 24 August 2006
135. Israeli war protests echo 1973
136. "Olmert: An inquiry commission will not be formed, we do not have the luxury to submerge in investigating the past", Haaretz, 28 August 2006 Template:He icon
137. "Mabat", Israel Broadcasting Authority, 28 August 2006 Template:He icon
138. "Hezbollah Leads Work to Rebuild, Gaining Stature". The New York Times. 16 August 2006. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
139. "Hizbullah's shallow victory". The Economist. 19 August 2006. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
140. "Israeli MPs urge full war inquiry". BBC News. 2006-09-05. Retrieved 2006-09-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
141. http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2006/08/20060814-3.html
142. The army is back, but don't expect it to disarm Hizbollah
143. Lebanon and Israel: A chance for peace?
144. "Nasrallah sorry for scale of war". BBC News. 27 August2006. Retrieved 2006-08-27. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
150. Between Victory and Defeat
151. West Asia war by numbers
152. Bloomberg
153. "CNN RELIABLE SOURCES (transcript)". CNN. 2006-07-23. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
154. "Our very strange day with Hezbollah". CNN. 2006-07-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
155. "CNN RELIABLE SOURCES, Coverage of Mideast Conflict". CNN. 2006-07-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
156. Reuters withdraws all photos by Lebanese freelance, Reuters
157. http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2006/08/trusting_photos.html
158. http://blogs.usatoday.com/ondeadline/2006/08/reuters_adnan_h.html
159. "IDF: Hours after cease-fire, 4 clashes between Hezbollah and Israeli troops; 4 Hezbollah fighters killed". CNN.com. 14 August 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-23. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
160. "IDF: Israeli soldiers kill 3 Hezbollah fighters". CNN.com. 15 August 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-23. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
162. Janelle, Chantelle (18 August 2006). "Israel flies over Lebanon, but no airstrikes". WIS-TV. Retrieved 2006-08-21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
163. Cite error: The named reference RockhitLeb was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
164. Four Hezbollah fighters killed in ceasefire breaches: UN - Agence France-Presse (via Yahoo!). 16 August 2006
165. ^ "Israel: Raid targets weapons transfer". CNN. 19 August 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
166. "Israeli Commando Dies in Lebanon Raid". The Associated Press. 19 August 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-27. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
167. Morales, Alex (20 August 2006). "Kofi Annan declares Israeli raid violation of ceasefire". CNN. Retrieved 2006-08-21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
168. "UN will not stop Syria sending weapons to Lebanon". The Daily Telegraph. 27 August 2006. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
169. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5296314.stm
170. http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20060831/ap_on_re_mi_ea/mideast
171. Israel to lift Lebanon blockade
172. Dakroub, Hussein (9 September 2006). "Israel ends naval blockade of Lebanon". Toronto Star/AP. Retrieved 9 September 2006.
173. AFP - Israel pulls remaining troops out of Lebanon
174. http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/10/01/lebanon.withdrawal/index.html

External links

International organizations

• United Nations Interim Forces In Lebanon, including deployment maps
• The International Committee of the Red Cross in Lebanon
• US Humanitarian Assistance to Lebanon

International media

• CNN - Crisis in the Middle East
• BBC News - Middle East Crisis in depth
• JURIST - Legal news and resources on the Middle East conflict
• MOSAIC - World news from the Middle East
• ABC News - The Middle East Conflict
• CTV News - Mideast Crisis
• New York Times - Interactive map
• The Guardian - Israel and the Middle East

Israeli media

• Yedioth Ahronoth - Israel at War
• Israel Insider - Security
• Haaretz - Lebanon crisis

Lebanese media

• Lebanese government - Lebanon under Siege
• Lebanon Live News

Hezbollah media

• Hezbollah TV station Al-Manar

• 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict