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Latest revision as of 06:30, 18 December 2024

Politics of Palestine
Officeholders whose status is disputed are shown in italics
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Politics of the Gaza Strip
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Gaza Strip
Hamas government
North Gaza Gaza GAZA CITY Deir al-Balah Khan Yunis Rafah
v t e

Capital punishment in the Gaza Strip has been enforced by multiple governments, militaries, and irregular militias throughout the area's history. A large proportion of the killings have been associated with broader violent conflicts. Many of the executions have be described as extrajudicial killings due to an incomplete or unaccountable court procedures.

According to Palestinian law, there are 77 crimes that are punishable by the death penalty. From 1994 to 2022, approximately 260 death sentences have been issued: around 230 in Gaza and 30 in the West Bank. In total, during this period, 41 executions were carried out, with the vast majority occurring in Gaza.

History

The Palestinian Authority in the Gaza Strip

The State Security Court in Gaza (Arabic: محكمة أمن الدولة في غزة), which was formed in 1995, issued several death sentences against eight people, as follows: 3 in 1995, 3 in 1997, and 2 in 1999, all of which were in murder cases. Not all sentences were carried out.

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Courts in the Gaza Strip after 2007

From the Battle of Gaza (2007) until the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip (2023–present), The Hamas movement had control of the interior of the Gaza Strip on the ground, but did not control the airspace, maritime borders, or land borders. Two parallel Palestinian judicial systems carried out executions in the Gaza Strip, civil and military. The judiciary of the Hamas-led civilian government and the military courts of the Ezzedeen al Qassam Brigades. The West Bank and Gaza Strip governments collaborate closely on issues such as health, but on other issues the Gaza Strip authorities act more autonomously. Palestinian law requires approval from the Palestinian National Authority president (currently Mahmoud Abbas) for the death penalty, but authorities in the Gaza Strip have disregarded this rule on multiple occasions.

Executions by Gaza's government and military (2007-2024)

Executions during the 2014 Gaza war

During the 2014 Gaza War, Hamas executed more than 20 Palestinians in the Gaza Strip.

According to an Amnesty International report, 23 Palestinians were executed by Al-Qassam in the course of the 2014 conflict, and 16 of those people had been in prison since before the war began. Some were on trial for espionage, but those trials were suddenly cut short. From among the executed, 6 were killed by a firing squad outside a mosque in front of hundreds of spectators including children. Amnesty claimed that Hamas used the cover of the war, which had a very heavily death toll, to carry out summary executions, to settle scores against opponents under the pretext they were collaborators with Israel. They were also accused of torture.

Most of these executions of alleged collaborators occurred in response to the IDF assassinating Muhammad Abu Shamala [ar] and Raed Attar, and the unsuccessful attempt to assassinate Mohammed Deif, which instead killed his 27-year-old wife, Widad, and his 7-month-old son Ali Deif. The following day, 18 of the suspected collaborators were executed by firing squad. The day after that, the body of Deif's 3 year old daughter, Sarah, was recovered from the rubble of the same home.

9 sentenced to death in 2015 and 4 in January 2016

The Palestinian Center for Human Rights reported in December 2015 that Hamas issued nine death sentences in 2015. Hamas had sentenced four Gazans to death during the first weeks of 2016, all on suspicion of spying.

Mahmoud Eshtewi - February 2016

In February 2016, Al Qassam claimed they had executed of Mahmoud Rushdi Eshtewi [ar] (Arabic: محمود رشدي اشتيوي), one of the group's leading commanders, for very ambiguous reasons. Eshtewi was survived by his two widows and his three children. Most reliable sources at the time described the charges as unnamed or undefined. The stated reason was "for behavioral and moral violations to which he confessed" (Arabic: تجاوزاته السلوكية والأخلاقية التي أقر بها). Whatever it may refer to, the confession was probably obtained by torture. Before his death, his family had been told that the death penalty charge - treason (giving information to Israel that causes the deaths of Palestinians) - had been dropped. There is some suspicion that Eshtewi died in custody and was shot after death, from reports of people who saw his body before burial and thought the bullet wounds looked suspicious. The New York Times and other media from the USA interpreted the vague charges as a reference to a "homosexual relationship".

3 convicts executed in May 2016

In May 2016, Hamas reportedly executed three men by firing squad and hanging. The execution was performed in the al-Katiba prison. The executed men were convicted for murder. Reportedly, the execution defied protests from the United Nations and "will likely" deepen tensions with the Palestinian government in the West Bank. Hamas defied an agreement with Fatah, the ruling party in the West Bank, by carrying out the executions without the approval of Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas. Hamas later announced that 13 additional prisoners are to be executed.

3 alleged collaborators executed in April 2017

In April 2017, it was reported that three Palestinians were executed by Hamas in Gaza Strip over alleged collaboration with Israel. Reportedly, the men were hanged at a Hamas police compound, as dozens of Hamas leaders and officials watched the killing.

13 sentenced between January and August 2022

According to B'Tselem, Hamas courts handed down 13 death sentences in January-August 2022, but had not carried out any since 2017.

5 executed in September 2022

On 4 September 2022, Hamas announced they had executed five men, including two men condemned over collaboration with the occupation (Israel), and three others in criminal cases. A resident of Khan Younis born 1968 was convicted of supplying Israel in 1991 with “information on men of the resistance, their residence… and the location of rocket launchpads”; a second man, born 1978, was for supplying Israel in 2001 with intelligence “that led to the targeting and martyrdom of citizens” by Israeli forces, according to Hamas. The other three men had been convicted for murder.

Death sentences and executions in the Gaza Strip

Executed during	Person(s)		Detained	Death sentence		Execution		Sources
	Name or number	Age		Date	Charge(s)	Date	Method
Operation Protective Edge	Ayman Taha				Treason	2014-08-04	Firing squad
	25 or more people			summary executions	Treason	2014-08-21 to 24 August	Various
	Atta Najjar				Treason	2014-08-22	Unknown
	Mahmoud Eshtewi [ar] (also spelled "Ishtiwi")	34	January 2015	Undisclosed	Undefined (see above)	2016-02-07	Firing squad
	3 people				Murder (3)	September 2022
	1 person		1991		Treason
	1 person	44	2001 or after		Treason
	5 people			2023-08-06	Treason	Sentenced to hanging.

1. Spying for Egypt.
2. ^ Israel sat he was executed by Gaza, but Gaza say he died in an Israeli airstrike months later that killed his entire family.
3. Collaborating with Israel.
4. Including some public executions.
5. The stated reason was “for behavioral and moral violations to which he confessed” (Arabic: تجاوزاته السلوكية والأخلاقية التي أقر بها)
6. Firing squad alleged by Al-Qassam, or prior death in custody alleged by others.
7. Described only as a Khan Younis resident.
8. convicted of supplying Israel in 1991 with “information on men of the resistance, their residence… and the location of rocket launchpads”.
9. born 1978
10. ^ supplying Israel in 2001 with intelligence “that led to the targeting and martyrdom of citizens” by Israeli forces, according to Hamas.
11. ^ Officially "collaboration with hostile entities" as defined by Article 131 of the 1979 Palestinian Revolutionary Penal Code.
12. ^ No reports of the sentence being implemented.

Misinformation about executions in the Hamas-run Gaza Strip

Hamas' Al-Qassam Brigades militant wing have been credibly accused of numerous war crimes including various extrajudicial killings, but commonly told stories about executions in the Gaza Strip have been over simplified, exaggerated, distorted, or completely fabricated. For example, during the Israel–Hamas war, a video described as “Hamas executes people by throwing them off a roof of a building!” circulated on social media, but the video was from 2015 and not from the State of Palestine. A July 2015 report from Al Arabiya, included identical images and states that they were originally shared by the so-called Islamic State, and showed the execution of four gay men in Fallujah, Iraq.

Allegations of capital punishment for homosexuality

Same sex sexual behaviour is not officially or typically a capital crime in the Gaza Strip. The only crimes that routinely attract the death penalty are treason and murder. No laws currently in peace in the Occupied Palestinian territory directly prohibit sex between consenting adult women. But there are differencees between the Gaza Strip and West Bank governments regarding the legal status of sex between consenting adult men. The laws against homosexual behavior between men in Palestine that are currently in place in the Gaza Strip are a relic of British colonial rule in Mandatory Palestine. There is some ambiguity and debate about whether homosexuality was decriminalised in 1858 during the period Ottoman role that preceded Mandatory Palestine. The British colonial laws that are currently on place in the Gaza Strip specify a sentences of a maximum of 10 or 14 years years in prison. There is very little evidence that these laws are actually enforced in Gaza. Some interpretations of the laws say that it does not outlaw consensual gay sex between adults at all. In 2018, Anis. F. Kassim (editor-in-chief of the Palestinian Yearbook of International Law) said that Palestinian law (even in Gaza) could be interpreted as allowing non-commercial sex between consenting adult men.

See also

• Capital punishment in Israel
• Extrajudicial killings by Hamas and Al Qassam
• Hamas war crimes
• Human rights in Israel § Human rights in the occupied territories
• Human rights in Palestine § Capital punishment
• LGBT rights in Palestine and Pinkwashing (LGBT) § Israel
• Palestinian land laws

Notes

1. Sometimes spelled "Mahmoud Ishtiwi".

References

1. "Palestine: Death penalty in a forgotten country". Prison Insider. 22 June 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2024.
2. "عقوبة الإعدام في مناطق السلطة الوطنية الفلسطينية بين التشريعات السارية والمعايير الدولية The death penalty in the areas of the Palestinian National Authority between applicable legislation and international standards". مركز المعلومات الوطني الفلسطيني Palestinian National Information Center. Archived from the original on 28 March 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
3. "What is Gaza Strip, the besieged Palestinian enclave under Israeli assault?". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
4. Esveld, Bill Van (3 October 2012). "Abusive System". Human Rights Watch.
5. The Advocates for Human Rights (29 May 2023). "State of Palestine's Compliance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: Death Penalty" (PDF). theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/.
6. ^ "Hamas executes 5 Palestinians in Gaza, including 2 for 'collaborating' with Israel". Times of Israel . 4 September 2022. Archived from the original on 4 September 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
7. ^ "PHOTOS: The Gaza families obliterated in just 51 days". +972 Magazine. 26 August 2015. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
8. ^ Kershner, Isabel (27 May 2015). "Hamas accused of killing and torturing Palestinians". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
9. ^ Beaumont, Peter (27 May 2015). "Hamas executed 23 Palestinians under cover of Gaza conflict, says Amnesty". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
10. "Hamas tortured and killed Palestinian 'collaborators' during Gaza conflict - new report". Amnesty International. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
11. "'Strangling Necks': Abduction, torture and summary killings of Palestinians by Hamas forces during the 2014 Gaza/Israel conflict" (PDF). Amnesty International. p. 5, 15, 19. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
12. "Gaza: Palestinians tortured, summarily killed by Hamas forces during 2014 conflict". Amnesty International. 27 May 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
13. Gold, Shabtai (22 August 2014). "Hamas executes 18 'collaborators' in Gaza". Haaretz. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
14. ^ "Body of Deif's daughter, 3, pulled from Gaza rubble". The Daily Star Newspaper – Lebanon. Archived from the original on 21 August 2014. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
15. ^ "The body of the child Sarah Al-Deif was recovered from under the rubble". palinfo.com (in Arabic). 21 August 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
16. ^ "Gaza: Thousand mourn death of Hamas chief's wife, baby son". Firstpost. 20 August 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2024.
17. ^ Moore, Jack (2 March 2016). "Hamas executed a prominent commander after accusations of gay sex". Newsweek. Retrieved 6 April 2016. Hamas announced that the man in charge of a number of the group's tunnels used for smuggling and surprise attacks had been executed for moral turpitude, a Hamas term for homosexuality … a Hamas investigation alleged that Ishtiwi had hidden money designated for his unit's weapons, before an unnamed man claimed to have had sex with him, providing details about their meetings. The investigation concluded that the money Ishtiwi had stolen had been used to pay the man for sexual relations or to bribe him to keep Ishtiwi's secret. Note: The phrase translated by this source as "moral turpitude" is translated in other sources as "moral transgressions" and can also be read as "ethics violations", and there is no evidence of it being used by Hamas in any other context to specifically refer to Men who have Sex with Men (MSM).
18. ^ Pfeffer, Anshel (13 May 2024). "Hamas leader's torture tactics revealed in IDF tunnel raid". The Times. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
19. ^ "تعذيب وموت محتجز لدى حماس في غزة". Human Rights Watch (in Arabic). 16 February 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2024. لتجاوزاته السلوكية والأخلاقية التي أقر بها - For his behavioral and moral transgressions that he acknowledged.
20. ^ "Implementation of the death sentence issued against Phalange member Mahmoud Eshtewi". Military Information Department of EQB. 7 February 2016. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
21. ^ Hadid, Diaa; Waheidi, Majd Al (1 March 2016). "Hamas Commander, Accused of Theft and Gay Sex, Is Killed by His Own". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023. Adding a layer of scandal to the story, he was accused of moral turpitude, by which Hamas meant homosexuality." … "Mr. Ishtiwi, who is survived by two wives and three children…
22. "Hamas kills a local commander for unnamed 'violations'". AP News. AP. 7 February 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
23. ^ "פלסטין: עציר עונה ומת בידי חמאס - Human Rights Watch" (in Hebrew). 15 February 2016. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
24. ^ "Palestine: Torture, Death of Hamas Detainee - Human Rights Watch". Human Rights Watch. 15 February 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2024. His family said they discovered that Qassam operatives held him in secret locations until February 7, when the group's Military Information Department issued a statement saying it had executed Eshtewi after sentencing him to death "for behavioral and moral violations to which he confessed".
25. ^ Sanchez, Raf (31 May 2016). "Hamas begins executions in Gaza". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
26. Dearden, Lizzie (2 June 2016). "Hamas resumes executions in Gaza". The Independent. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
27. "Hamas executes 3 Palestinians over Israel ties". Associated Press via USA Today. 6 April 2017. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
28. "Palestine: Hamas executes three civilians tried in Gaza military courts". Amnesty International. 6 April 2017. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
29. Jack Moore (6 April 2017). "Hamas Hangs Three in Gaza For Israel 'Collaboration'". Newsweek. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
30. "Execution of Gaza prisoners condemned by UN rights office | UN News". news.un.org. 5 September 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
31. Alroy Menezes (8 August 2014). "Mystery Surrounds Death of Ayman Taha, Former Hamas Spokesperson". International Business Times. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
32. "B'Tselem strongly condemns executions of individuals suspected of collaborating with Israel". B’Tselem. 24 August 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
33. "'Strangling Necks': Abductions, torture and summary killings of Palestinians by Hamas forces during the 2014 Gaza/Israel conflict - occupied Palestinian territory". ReliefWeb. 27 May 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2024.
34. ^ "تعذيب وموت محتجز لدى حماس في غزة". Human Rights Watch (in Arabic). 16 February 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2024. لتجاوزاته السلوكية والأخلاقية التي أقر بها - For his behavioral and moral transgressions that he acknowledged.
35. ^ "Deeply concerned by the continued issuance of death sentences in Gaza, Al Mezan urges the complete abolition of this practice". 15 August 2023. "convicted of collaboration with hostile entities in violation of Article 131 of the 1979 Palestinian Revolutionary Penal Code.
36. ^ "Fact Check: Video of people thrown from roof shows punishment by IS, not Hamas". Reuters. 15 December 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
37. ^ "Palestine". Human Dignity Trust. 15 February 2019. Retrieved 26 June 2024.
38. ^ Abusalim, Dorgham (7 March 2018). "The Real Oppressors of Gaza's Gay Community: Hamas or Israel?". Retrieved 26 June 2024.
39. "Palestine". Human Dignity Trust. 15 February 2019. Retrieved 28 June 2024. Only men are criminalised under this law.
40. Ozsoy, Elif Ceylan (15 October 2021). "Decolonizing Decriminalization Analyses: Did the Ottomans Decriminalize Homosexuality in 1858?". Journal of Homosexuality. 68 (12): 1979–2002. doi:10.1080/00918369.2020.1715142. hdl:10871/120331. PMID 32069182. Retrieved 31 August 2024.

v t e Gaza Strip
History Gaza Strip History of Gaza History of Hamas Khan Yunis massacre Egyptian occupation of the Gaza Strip see also: Israeli occupation of the Sinai Peninsula All-Palestine Government All-Palestine Protectorate Gaza Subdistrict in Mandatory Palestine Gaza District Beersheba Subdistrict Jerusalem Sanjak Destruction of cultural heritage during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip Archaeological sites destroyed during the Gaza genocide  [ar]
Places in Mandatory Palestine	Gaza Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine Territory acquired during Israel's war of independence Al-Majdal Asqalan (Ashkelon § State of Israel) Arab Suqrir Barbara Barqa al-Batani al-Gharbi al-Batani al-Sharqi Bayt 'Affa Bayt Daras Bayt Jirja Bayt Tima Bil'in Burayr Dayr Sunayd Dimra al-Faluja Hamama Hatta Hiribya Huj Hulayqat Ibdis Iraq al-Manshiyya Iraq Suwaydan Isdud al-Jaladiyya al-Jiyya Julis al-Jura Jusayr Karatiyya Kawfakha Kawkaba al-Khisas al-Masmiyya al-Kabira al-Masmiyya al-Saghira al-Muharraqa Najd Ni'ilya Qastina al-Sawafir al-Gharbiyya al-Sawafir al-Shamaliyya al-Sawafir al-Sharqiyya Simsim Summil Tall al-Turmus Yasur
Refugee camps Al-Shati (Beach camp) Bureij Deir al-Balah Jabalia Khan Yunis Maghazi Nuseirat Rafah Canada
Cities Gaza City Streets in Gaza City Ahmad Orabi Street Izz Ad Din Al Qassam Street Al-Jalla Street Jamal Abdel Nasser Street Omar Mukhtar Street Palestine Square Salah al-Din Road Suq Street Unknown Soldier's Square Wehda Street Gaza City Gaza City neighborhoods Judeide Nasser Old City Zaytun Quarter Daraj Quarter Rimal Sabra Al-Saha (As-Saha) Al-Saha al-Shati Camp Al-Shati refugee camp Sheikh Ijlin Sheikh Radwan Shuja'iyya Tuffah Tel al-Hawa Turukman Zeitoun Cities elsewhere in the Gaza Strip Bani Suheila Beit Hanoun Beit Lahiya Deir al-Balah Jabalia Khan Yunis Rafah
Governorates of the Gaza Strip Gaza Khan Yunis North Gaza North Gaza Deir al-Balah North Gaza Khan Yunis Rafah
Historic	Hamam al-Sammara Qasr al-Basha Qissariya Market Ancient Gaza synagogue Archaeological sites destroyed during the Gaza genocide  [ar]
Cemeteries	Gaza War Cemetery Israeli razing of cemeteries and necroviolence against Palestinians
Mosques	Gaza City: Aybaki Mosque Great Mosque of Gaza (Great Omari Mosque) Ibn Marwan Mosque Ibn Uthman Mosque Katib al-Wilaya Mosque Mahkamah Mosque Ibrahim al-Maqadma Mosque attack Sayed al-Hashim Mosque Sham'ah Mosque Shaykh Zakariyya Mosque elsewhere: Abu Khadra Mosque Aybaki Mosque Great Mosque of Gaza Ibn Marwan Mosque Ibn Uthman Mosque Katib al-Wilaya Mosque Sayed al-Hashim Mosque Al-Shamah Mosque Umm al-Nasr Mosque
Churches	Gaza City: Saint Porphyrius Orthodox Church Church of Saint Porphyrius airstrike Holy Family Catholic Church Gaza Baptist Church elsewhere in the Gaza Strip:
Institutions	Palestinian Legislative Council (destroyed in 2023) Palestinian Centre for Human Rights Al Mezan Center for Human Rights
Police and courts	Capital punishment in the Gaza Strip Capital punishment in Palestine Faiq al-Mabhouh Police in the Israel–Hamas war Societal breakdown in the Gaza Strip during the Israel–Hamas war
Economy	Economy of the Gaza Strip Taxation in Palestine
Education	Education in Gaza UNWRA schools Christian schools Gaza City: Al-Azhar University Islamic University Al-Aqsa University
Libraries	Deir al-Balah Municipality Public Library [ar] Gaza Municipality Public Library [ar] Khan Yunis Municipality Public Library [ar] Rafah Municipality Public Library [ar] Samir Mansour Library [ar]
Health care	Gaza Ministry of Health Gaza City: Al-Ahli Arab Hospital Al-Aqsa Hospital Al-Rantisi Hospital Al-Shifa Hospital Kamal Adwan Hospital Al-Awda Hospital Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital 2024 Gaza Strip polio epidemic
Recreation and culture	Gaza City Gaza Museum of Archaeology Al-Bustan resort Bisan City tourist village Al Deira Hotel Faisal Equestrian Club Gaza Mall Al-Andalusia mall Palestine Stadium Rashad Shawa Cultural Center Roots Club As-Sadaka Gaza YMCA Gaza Strip
Transport and trade	Yasser Arafat International Airport Port of Gaza Gaza-Israel barrier Erez crossing Kerem Shalom crossing Egypt-Palestine relations Rafah crossing Blockade of the Gaza Strip Gaza smuggling tunnels
Environment	Wadi Gaza Environmental impact of the Israel–Hamas war
Occupation	Gush Katif Israeli unilateral disengagement Israeli occupation 2023 Israeli invasion Netzarim Corridor Philadelphi Corridor
Visitors	Rachel Corrie Gaza Freedom Flotilla Gaza flotilla raid Antony Loewenstein Walkley Book Award #The Palestine Laboratory World Central Kitchen
Demographics Palestinian Christians Palestinian clans Doghmush clan History of the Jews in Gaza City Israeli settlers Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip Proposed Israeli resettlement of the Gaza Strip LGBT rights in the Gaza Strip Al Haq Al Qaws
Births 1985 Ahmed Moor 1997 Rouzan al-Najjar Deaths 2003 March 16 Rachel Corrie § Death MV Rachel Corrie 2009 January 4 Zeitoun killings 16 Shurrab family 2012 Al-Dalu family (12) 2014 Deif and Al Dalu families (3 + 3) 2018 June 1 Killing of Rouzan al-Najjar 2023 October 7 Abu Qouta family November Bibas family (unconfirmed) December 15 Samer Abu Daqqa 16 Nahida and Samar Anton 2024 January 29 Hind Rajab and the Hamadeh family (9) July 3 Mohammad Bhar
Category:Gaza Strip

v t e Hamas
History	Hamas Charter (revised) Fatah–Hamas conflict Takeover of the Gaza Strip 25th anniversary of Hamas (2012)
Political wing	List of leaders of Hamas Hamas government in the Gaza Strip Hamas temporary committee Islamic Salvation Party Khaled Mashal Ismail Haniyeh Yahya Sinwar Basem Naim Ali Baraka Mousa Abu Marzook Zaher Jabarin Essam al-Da'alis Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi hospital Women: Jamila Abdallah Taha al-Shanti Umm Nidal Elections 2005 presidential 2006 legislative
Law and order	Interior Minister of the Gaza Strip Ihab al-Ghussein Police Faiq Mabhouh Palestinian Executive Force [ar] Said Seyam Palestinian law Executions
Military wing	Palestinian Joint Operations Room Al-Qassam Brigades Nukbha Ayman Nofal al-Aqsa Flood Vanguards unit People Leader: Mohammed Deif Spokesperson: Abu Obaida Marwan Issa Yahya Ayyash Adnan al-Ghoul Salah Shehade Mazen Faqha Wa'el Nassar Ahmed Jabari Imad Abbas Emad Akel Nidal Farahat Yunis Al Astal Ahmed Ghandour Women Reem Riyashi Fatma Omar An-Najar Operations Murder of Yaron and Efrat Ungar Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing 2001 Immanuel bus attack 2004 Ashdod Port bombings IDF outpost bombing 2006 Gaza cross-border raid Gaza War (2008–2009) August 2010 West Bank shooting attack 2012 Gaza War 2014 Gaza War 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis 2023 attack on Israel Israel–Hamas war Weapons Al-Bana Batar Qassam rocket Yasin (RPG)
Social services	Islamic University of Gaza Mujama al-Islamiya Palestinian Authority Martyrs Fund
Media	Al-Aqsa TV Tomorrow's Pioneers Al-Aqsa Voice Radio Al-Quds TV Shehab News Agency Al-Watan (defunct)
Foreign relations	Support from (Iran Israel Qatar Turkey) Russia Lebanon
Related articles	Criticism of Hamas Hamas war crimes Hamas most wanted playing cards
Category:Hamas

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• 2007 in the Gaza Strip