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			{{Short description\|Estonian political party}}
			{{Multiple issues\|
			{{more citations needed\|date=November 2021}}
			{{More footnotes needed\|date=January 2022}}
			}}
			{{Infobox political party
			\| name = Popular Front of Estonia
			\| native_name = Eestimaa Rahvarinne
			\| logo = Popular Front of Estonia logo.png
			\| colorcode = {{party color\|Popular Front of Estonia}}
			\| abbreviation = RR
			\| leader = ]
			\| founded = {{Start date\|1988\|10\|1\|df=yes}}
			\| dissolved = {{End date\|1993\|11\|13\|df=yes}}
			\| successor = ]
			\| headquarters = Uus tänav 28, ]
			\| ideology = Pro-]<br>]<br>]
			\| position =] to ]
			\| colours = {{color box\|{{party color\|Popular Front of Estonia}}\|border=darkgray}} ]
			\| country = Estonia
			}}
	{{Politics of Estonia}}		{{Politics of Estonia}}
	The '''Popular Front of Estonia''' ({{lang-et\|Rahvarinne}}, was a political organization in ] in late ] and early ]. It was a major force in the ] that lead Estonia to ] from the ]. It was similar to the ] and the ] movement in ]. It was founded in 1988 by ] and ].

			The '''Popular Front of Estonia''' ({{langx\|et\|Eestimaa Rahvarinne}}; RR), introduced to the public by the Estonian politician ] under the short-lived name '''Popular Front for the Support of Perestroika''', was a political organisation in ] in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Edgar Savisaar introduced the idea of popular front during a TV show on 13 April 1988. The idea was developed through the year and finally The Estonian Popular Front was established on 1 October 1988 with a massively crowded congress which turned to a culmination of the first phase of the ].
	Popular Front of Estonia together with Popular Front of Latvia and the Sąjūdis organized ] through three ] on ], ] that marked 50th anniversary of ], ] when ] and ] signed ], which led to occupation these three states by ]. The front was opposed by the ], that represented pro-soviet part of Estonia's ethnic ] and other immigrant groups. The Popular Front was a supporter of ], while the Intermovement was seen as opposed to ] reforms.

			It was to a significant degree the precursor to the current ], although with a much broader base of popularity at the beginning.
⚫	== References ==

⚫	*
			==History==
			The Popular Front of Estonia was a major force in the ] that led to the re-establishment of the ] as a country independent from the ]. It was similar to the ] and the ] movement in ] and a number of Popular Fronts that were created almost simultaneously in many parts of the USSR. The Baltic States were in a unique category among the ] in that they had been European parliamentary democracies in the ] and had been annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940. The Popular Front of Estonia was founded in 1988 by ] and ]. Savisaar initiated the founding in April 1988 in a live broadcast (''Mõtleme veel'') on Estonian TV, advocating support of ]’s ].<ref name="estonica">/</ref>

			Popular Front organised series of much-crowded and well-published events and actions which stressed on Estonian national pride but on democratic values as well. Huge amount of prints and newspapers were produced to popularise the PF movement. The top-leaders and sub-leaders of PF were everyday guests in every kind of media to talk about several kind of problems and ideas. Popular Front of Estonia made ideas of independent Estonia acceptable and possible for masses. The idea of independence had become a somewhat impossible and unbelievable dream for the majority of Estonians during decades under the Soviet Union.

			At one point, someway problematic character of Edgar Savisaar created growing opposition against PF among Estonians too. Those people formed their own smaller organisations which grew into important element of politics of independent Estonia next decade.

			The Popular Front of Estonia together with the Popular Front of Latvia and the Sąjūdis organised the ] mass "arm-in-arm" manifestation extending through three ] on 23 August 1989 that marked 50th anniversary of 23 August 1939, when the Soviet Union and ] signed the ], which resulted in the forcible incorporation of these three states into the Soviet Union and the loss of their independence. The front was opposed by the ] that represented the pro-Soviet part of Estonia's population including most of the country's ] and other ethnic groups that had been settled in Estonia during the Soviet era. The Popular Front was a supporter of ], while the Intermovement was seen as opposed to ] reforms. As time went by, an ever-greater chasm developed between the initial thrust of the Popular Front, leading members of which at first advocated mere autonomy within a Soviet system that Gorbachev was trying to reform in a cautious way, and the eventual context of the Estonian Popular Front, which came to stand for true independence, an idea supported by the rank and file. Consequently, the Estonian Popular Front changed a great deal over time, until political parties came to replace such movements in Estonia during the early 1990s. This rendered the Popular Front of Estonia an anachronism, and Popular Front was dissolved in 1993.<ref>{{Cite web\|language=et\|url=https://www.sirp.ee/s1-artiklid/c9-sotsiaalia/ersp-ja-rahvarinne-20-aastat-hiljem/\|title=ERSP ja Rahvarinne – 20 aastat hiljem\|author=Jaak Allik\|website=Sirp\|date=2009-04-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|language=et\|url=https://teadus.postimees.ee/4308025/tana-ajaloos-13-11-eesti-suurim-massiliikumine-lopetas-tegevuse\|title=Täna ajaloos 13.11: Eesti suurim massiliikumine lõpetas tegevuse\|website=Postimees\|date=2020-11-13}}</ref>

			==See also==
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]

		⚫	==References==
			{{Reflist}}
		⚫	*
	*		*
	* - ] - August 21, 1989		* - ] - August 21, 1989

			{{Fall of Communism}}
			{{Restoration of Baltic independence}}
	{{Political parties in Estonia}}		{{Political parties in Estonia}}

			{{Authority control}}
⚫	]

⚫	]
	]		]
			]
		⚫	]
			]
	]		]
			]
			]
		⚫	]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]

Latest revision as of 19:19, 7 November 2024

Estonian political party

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Popular Front of Estonia Eestimaa Rahvarinne

Abbreviation	RR
Leader	Edgar Savisaar
Founded	1 October 1988 (1988-10-01)
Dissolved	13 November 1993 (1993-11-13)
Succeeded by	Estonian Centre Party
Headquarters	Uus tänav 28, Tallinn
Ideology	Pro-Perestroika Social liberalism Environmentalism
Political position	Centre to centre-left
Colours	Blue
Politics of Estonia Political parties Elections

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v t e

The Popular Front of Estonia (Estonian: Eestimaa Rahvarinne; RR), introduced to the public by the Estonian politician Edgar Savisaar under the short-lived name Popular Front for the Support of Perestroika, was a political organisation in Estonia in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Edgar Savisaar introduced the idea of popular front during a TV show on 13 April 1988. The idea was developed through the year and finally The Estonian Popular Front was established on 1 October 1988 with a massively crowded congress which turned to a culmination of the first phase of the Singing Revolution.

It was to a significant degree the precursor to the current Estonian Centre Party, although with a much broader base of popularity at the beginning.

History

The Popular Front of Estonia was a major force in the Estonian independence movement that led to the re-establishment of the Republic of Estonia as a country independent from the Soviet Union. It was similar to the Popular Front of Latvia and the Sąjūdis movement in Lithuania and a number of Popular Fronts that were created almost simultaneously in many parts of the USSR. The Baltic States were in a unique category among the constituent parts of the USSR in that they had been European parliamentary democracies in the interbellum and had been annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940. The Popular Front of Estonia was founded in 1988 by Marju Lauristin and Edgar Savisaar. Savisaar initiated the founding in April 1988 in a live broadcast (Mõtleme veel) on Estonian TV, advocating support of Gorbachev’s perestroika.

Popular Front organised series of much-crowded and well-published events and actions which stressed on Estonian national pride but on democratic values as well. Huge amount of prints and newspapers were produced to popularise the PF movement. The top-leaders and sub-leaders of PF were everyday guests in every kind of media to talk about several kind of problems and ideas. Popular Front of Estonia made ideas of independent Estonia acceptable and possible for masses. The idea of independence had become a somewhat impossible and unbelievable dream for the majority of Estonians during decades under the Soviet Union.

At one point, someway problematic character of Edgar Savisaar created growing opposition against PF among Estonians too. Those people formed their own smaller organisations which grew into important element of politics of independent Estonia next decade.

The Popular Front of Estonia together with the Popular Front of Latvia and the Sąjūdis organised the Baltic Way mass "arm-in-arm" manifestation extending through three Baltic states on 23 August 1989 that marked 50th anniversary of 23 August 1939, when the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany signed the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, which resulted in the forcible incorporation of these three states into the Soviet Union and the loss of their independence. The front was opposed by the Intermovement that represented the pro-Soviet part of Estonia's population including most of the country's Russian minority and other ethnic groups that had been settled in Estonia during the Soviet era. The Popular Front was a supporter of perestroika, while the Intermovement was seen as opposed to Gorbachev's reforms. As time went by, an ever-greater chasm developed between the initial thrust of the Popular Front, leading members of which at first advocated mere autonomy within a Soviet system that Gorbachev was trying to reform in a cautious way, and the eventual context of the Estonian Popular Front, which came to stand for true independence, an idea supported by the rank and file. Consequently, the Estonian Popular Front changed a great deal over time, until political parties came to replace such movements in Estonia during the early 1990s. This rendered the Popular Front of Estonia an anachronism, and Popular Front was dissolved in 1993.

References

Народный фронт (Rahvarinne)/
Jaak Allik (2009-04-29). "ERSP ja Rahvarinne – 20 aastat hiljem". Sirp (in Estonian).
"Täna ajaloos 13.11: Eesti suurim massiliikumine lõpetas tegevuse". Postimees (in Estonian). 2020-11-13.

Revolutions of 1989

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Human rights in the Soviet Union

v t e Restoration of the independence of the Baltic states
Armed struggle
Groups and events	Guerrilla war in the Baltic states (1944–56) Union of Lithuanian Freedom Fighters Operation Priboi (1949) Operation Jungle (1949–55)
Freedom fighters	August Sabbe Jānis Pīnups Pranas Končius Juozas Lukša Adolfas Ramanauskas
Soviet dissident era
Groups and events	Lithuanian Helsinki Group (1977–81) Lithuanian Liberty League (1978–95) Baltic Appeal (1979) Letter of 40 Intellectuals (1980) Phosphorite War (1987) MRP-AEG (1987–88)
Dissidents	Gunārs Astra Romas Kalanta Jüri Kukk Tiit Madisson Mart Niklus Lagle Parek Enn Tarto Tomas Venclova
Political activism era
Movements	ERSP Popular Front of Estonia Popular Front of Latvia Sąjūdis Estonian Citizens' Committee Congress of Estonia
Activists	Tunne Kelam Vytautas Landsbergis Lennart Meri
Singing Revolution	Hirvepark meeting (1987) Night Song Festivals (1988) Baltic Way (1989) Alo Mattiisen "The Baltics Are Waking Up"
Key decisions	Sovereignty Declaration of the Estonian SSR (1988) Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania (1990) On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia (1990)
Final confrontations	Soviet economic blockade of Lithuania Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts January 1991 events in Lithuania January 1991 events in Latvia
Post-independence crises	Pullapää crisis (1993) Coup of the Volunteers (1993)

v t e Political parties in Estonia
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Latest revision as of 19:19, 7 November 2024

History

See also

References