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{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Chabad}}
{{short description|Lubavitch World Headquarters}}
'''770 Eastern Parkway''', commonly abbreviated to '''770''' or '''Seven-seventy''' is the street address of the central headquarters of the ] ], located on ] in the ] section of ], ] in the ].
{{Infobox religious building
| building_name = 770 Eastern Parkway <br> ]
| native_name = {{langx|yi|770 איסטערן פארקוויי}}
| image = 770Lubavitch.JPG
| image_upright = 1.4
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = New York City
| map_size = 250
| map_caption = Location in ]
| location = 770 ], ], ], ], ]
| country = United States
| coordinates = {{coord|40.669021|-73.942870|region:US-NY_type:landmark|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = ]
| rite = ]
| consecration_year = 1940 (])
| status = {{ubl|]|] Headquarters}}
| functional_status = Active
| heritage_designation =
| leadership =
| ownership = {{ubl|]|]}}
| architecture =
| architect = Edwin Kline
| architecture_type = Residence and synagogue
| architecture_style = ] ]
| founded_by = ]
| groundbreaking =
| year_completed = 1920
| specifications =
| capacity =
| length =
| width =
| height_max =
| materials =
}}


{{Chabad sidebar}}
==History==
]
The building originally served as a medical clinic (and performed illegal abortions and was therefore closed down by officials), <ref></ref> and was later purchased, in ], by ] and adapted for the needs of Rabbi ]. Rabbi Schneersohn was paralyzed and required a ] when he arrived in the United States in ]. A building with an elevator needed to be purchased for his use as both a home and as a ]. The synagogue was given the name "Congregation Lubavitch". ] was chosen as the air was felt to be better for the Rebbe's ailing health.


'''770 Eastern Parkway''' ({{langx|yi|770 איסטערן פארקוויי}}), also known as "'''770'''" ("Seven Seventy"), is the street address of the World Headquarters of the ] ], located on ] in the ] neighborhood of ], ]. The building is the center of the Chabad-Lubavitch world movement and considered by many to be an iconic site in Judaism.<ref name="nyt-2014-12-09">{{Cite news |last=Berger |first=Joseph |date=December 9, 2014 |title=Officer Fatally Shoots Man After Stabbing in Brooklyn Synagogue |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/10/nyregion/brooklyn-synagogue-stabbing.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616162934/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/10/nyregion/brooklyn-synagogue-stabbing.html |archive-date=2022-06-16 |access-date=September 30, 2023 |work=] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
Rabbi ], Rabbi Yosef Yitzchok's son-in-law and eventual successor, led the movement from this building while maintaining a residence nearby on President Street, several blocks away.


== History ==
From its inception the synagogue has served three parallel purposes. It is a place of daily prayer services, a study hall for advanced students, and also an assembly hall for Chabad gatherings, which are known as ]s. Here the Lubavitcher Rebbe or elder Chassidim would address Chassidim and other visitors about Torah and Chassidic philosophy and practice.
{{Refimprove section|date=January 2015}}
The house, in ] ] style, was built in 1920, designed by Edwin Kline, and originally served as a medical office.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gopnik |first=Blake |date=October 17, 2006 |title=Illustrating That Looks Aren't Everything |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/16/AR2006101601299.html?referrer=emailarticle |access-date=May 12, 2010 |newspaper=] |archive-date=October 25, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025001750/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/16/AR2006101601299.html?referrer=emailarticle |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1940, with the assistance of ] and his son Nathan Rothstein, the building was purchased by ] on behalf of the Chabad Lubavitch movement and as a home for Rabbi ] when he arrived in the United States in 1940.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Friday, August 16, 2024 / Av 12, 5784 - Jewish Calendar - Hebrew Calendar |url=http://www.chabad.org/calendar/view/day_cdo/aid/299457/jewish/770-Acquired.htm |website=chabad.org |access-date=December 14, 2014 |archive-date=December 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220082052/http://www.chabad.org/calendar/view/day_cdo/aid/299457/jewish/770-Acquired.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Because Rabbi Schneerson used a wheelchair, a building with an elevator needed to be purchased for his use as both a home and as a ].<ref name="Eldredge 2016">{{Cite web |last=Eldredge |first=Barbara |date=2016-06-07 |title=This Crown Heights Building Has Doppelgängers All Over the Globe |url=https://www.brownstoner.com/architecture/770-eastern-parkway-brooklyn-chabad-lubavitch-building-crown-heights/ |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=Brownstoner |language=en-US |archive-date=May 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522085404/https://www.brownstoner.com/architecture/770-eastern-parkway-brooklyn-chabad-lubavitch-building-crown-heights/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


The building, which soon became known as 770,<ref name="nytimes">{{Cite news |last1=Shapiro |first1=Eliza |last2=Rosman |first2=Katherine |date=2024-01-09 |title=Secret Synagogue Tunnel Sets Off Altercation That Leads to 9 Arrests |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/09/nyregion/tunnel-synagogue-chabad-lubavitch.html |access-date=2024-01-09 |work=] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110003231/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/09/nyregion/tunnel-synagogue-chabad-lubavitch.html |url-status=live }}</ref> became the hub and central location for Chabad during the 1940s.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Young |first1=Michelle |title=Secret Brooklyn: An Unusual Guide |last2=Pasquet |first2=Augustin |last3=Rives |first3=T. M. |date=2017 |publisher=Jonglez publishing |isbn=978-2-36195-167-2 |location=Versailles}}</ref> It served as the main Chabad synagogue, a yeshiva, and offices for the ]. Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn lived in an apartment on the second floor.<ref name="Eldredge 2016" /> When Rabbi ] arrived from ] to New York in 1941, his father-in-law appointed him as chairman of Merkos L'Inyonei Chinuch. The younger Rabbi Schneerson's office was located on the first floor of 770, near the synagogue.
As the Lubavitch movement grew in the United States, the original small synagogue was soon too small to house the growing number of worshipers and students who regularly came to pray and study there. The synagogue was expanded in several stages. The first annex was added in 1960, with subsequent expansions taking place in the late 1960's and again in the mid 1970's. The synagogue then reached its current size. The original synagogue remains as a small study hall used by rabbinical students during the week. In ], Rabbi Schneerson laid the cornerstone for a larger renovation project. It is yet to be completed.


After Yosef Yitzchok's passing in January 1950, his son-in-law and successor, Menachem Mendel Schneersohn, continued to use his own office on the main floor to lead the movement, while maintaining his personal residence on President Street, several blocks away.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ehrlich |first1=Mark Avrum |title=The Messiah of Brooklyn: understanding Lubavitch Hasidism past and present |last2=Ehrlich |first2=Avrum M. |date=2004 |publisher=KTAV |isbn=978-0-88125-836-3 |location=Jersey City, NJ}}</ref> Yosef Yitzchok's wife remained resident in her apartment on the second floor until her death. Her two daughters would often visit her in her apartment, and during her lifetime the new ] would conduct semi-private meals there for the family and selected visitors on festive occasions. Today, the previous Rebbe's apartment and office are closed to the public. Since 1994, Rabbi Menachem Mendel's office on the first floor is used on ] and ]s as an additional prayer room open to the public during prayer times.
The original building is part of a larger block maintained by the ]. This block includes the larger synagogue, a ], a ], and the community's library. It also houses parts of the secretariat of the Lubavitch Movement and other related offices.


From its inception the synagogue has served three parallel purposes. It is a place of daily prayer services, a study hall for advanced students, and an assembly hall for Chabad gatherings, known as '']s.'' Here the Lubavitcher Rebbe or elder ] would address Chassidim and other visitors about ] and ] and practice.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Farbrengen Highlights: 10 Shevat 5732 - The "Farbrengen": A Chassidic Gathering with the Rebbe |url=http://www.chabad.org/multimedia/media_cdo/aid/110269/jewish/A-Chassidic-Gathering-with-the-Rebbe.htm |website=chabad.org |access-date=December 14, 2014 |archive-date=December 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220082059/http://www.chabad.org/multimedia/media_cdo/aid/110269/jewish/A-Chassidic-Gathering-with-the-Rebbe.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
] shows the facade of ] featured as part of a model of the ].]]Besides being a synagogue, the site is considered to be especially holy, as it served as the home and offices of the last 2 Lubavitch leaders. It is visited by thousands of people from around the world every year. While the building is recognized as an Orthodox Jewish synagogue, it is open to all people, with a men's section on the ground floor, and a women's section on the floor above it. On the ] and holidays, smaller prayer groups can be found congregating throughout the building, including the lobby and office used by the ] within the original 770 Building.


As the Lubavitch movement grew in the United States, the original synagogue became too small to house the chasidim and students who came to pray and study there. The synagogue was expanded in several stages. The first annex was added in 1960, with subsequent expansions taking place in the late 1960s and again in the mid-1970s. The synagogue then reached its current size. The original synagogue remains as a small study hall used by rabbinical students during the week. In 1988, Rabbi Schneersohn laid the cornerstone for an ongoing renovation project.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Placing of the cornerstone at 770 - Program One Hundred Seventy Eight - Living Torah |url=http://www.chabad.org/therebbe/livingtorah/player_cdo/aid/629701/jewish/Placing-of-the-cornerstone-at-770.htm |website=chabad.org |access-date=December 14, 2014 |archive-date=December 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220082006/http://www.chabad.org/therebbe/livingtorah/player_cdo/aid/629701/jewish/Placing-of-the-cornerstone-at-770.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1991, 770 was the site of the ] between Orthodox Jewish residents and African American residents.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mintz |first=Jerome R. |title=Hasidic People: A Place in the New World |date=1992 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-38115-5 |edition=3. printing |location=Cambridge, Mass London}}</ref>
The synagogue's official name is "Congregation Lubavitch of Agudas Chasidei Chabad", although it goes by several other names throughout the worldwide Chabad community, including: ''Beis Moshiach'' ("Messiah's House"), the ] of 770, and ''Beis Rabeinu Sheb'bovel'' ("Our Rebbe's House in ]").


=== Usage ===
] Because Lubavitch Chassidim attach great significance to everything that played a role in the Rebbe's life, Lubavitch Chassidim all over the world have built replicas or near-replicas of the building. These include replicas in ] and Jerusalem ]; at ] on College Avenue in ]; on Pico Boulevard in ]; in ]; ], ]; ] and ]. Several artists have also created ] boxes and ] cases in the building's likeness. Joseph Zakon Wineries in ] makes a wine called "Seven-seventy". Since the early 1990s, ] bags with an embroidered picture of seven-seventy have become extremely popular among ] ] boys.
The original building is part of a larger block maintained by the ]. This block includes the larger synagogue, a ] (Kollel Tiferes Zekeinim), and the community's library. It also houses the offices of the secretariat of the Lubavitch Movement and other offices.


770 is an iconic site considered holy by members of the Chabad movement. It attracts thousands of visitors from around the world every year.<ref name=nyt-2014-12-09/><ref>{{Cite news |last=Mahler |first=Jonathan |date=September 21, 2003 |title=Waiting for the Messiah of Eastern Parkway |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/21/magazine/waiting-for-the-messiah-of-eastern-parkway.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130831143004/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/21/magazine/waiting-for-the-messiah-of-eastern-parkway.html?src=pm |archive-date=2013-08-31 |access-date=September 30, 2023 |work=] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The building is recognized as an Orthodox Jewish synagogue, which is open to all people, with a men's section on the ground floor and a women's section on the floor above it. On ] and holidays, smaller prayer groups can be found congregating throughout the building, including the lobby and office used by the Rebbe within the original 770 building.
==Importance of 770==
{{Wikify|date=December 2007}}
"and we may explain, according the above, that as regards Bais Rabeinu shBeBavel in this generation - it means the house - the Bais Hakneses and Bais Hamedrash - of my holy father-in-law, the Nasi of our generation. In this generation, the last generation of exile and the first generation of redemption ... through the lowest place on earth we will elevate together with it all other places in the world - this will happen through the "Bais Rabeinu" ... from which light emanates to the entire world, making the entire world into Eretz Yisroel ... where all the Shuls and Yeshivos in the entire world will be connected to the Bais Hamikdosh, in the true and complete redemption through Moshaich Tzidkeinu, the Nasi Hador, who is also the Moshiach - the redeemer of Yisroel -of the generation - and also, and this is key, he is also the Nasi of Chasidus, through the dissemination of whose wellsprings accomplished the coming of King Moshiach ... and with this we can understand the magnitute of the loftiness of Bais Rabeinu - the priamry Mikdash M'at in this last exile ... which is "the place of the future bais hamikdash itself", and not only that, but there will be revealed the future Bais Hamikdash, and from there is will go to Jerusalem, as we stated. And we may add, that this idea is suggested in the name of "The House of Rabbeinu" in our generaiton: ... for the "house" of Rabbeinu - its number is 770, and this number is the established way that the house is referred to in the mouths of all of Klall Yisroel, for they refer to Bais Rabeinu as "770", which is Gematria "foratztah", as in "uforatzta yama v'kedmah etc." ... and according to all we have said about the loftiness of the House of our Teacher in Bavel, that it is the place of the Bais Hamikdash in the future, and that in it will be revealed the Bais Hamikdash and from there it will return to Jerusalem -- we understand what a great merit it would be for each and every member of Klall Yisroel to give of his energy and money - and whoever gives more, is all the more so praised - as a preparation for the coming down if the revelation of the future Bais Hamikdash immediately and right away, mamesh!"<ref>Kuntres b'inyan mikdash m'at zeh bais rabeinu shbabavel", 5752, pg.465 </ref>


The synagogue's official name is "Congregation Lubavitch of Agudas Chasidei Chabad".
==References==
<references/>


== External links == === Stabbing incident ===
On December 9, 2014, a little after 1:00 am, an individual with a documented history of mental health issues entered a synagogue and assaulted a student with a knife. Another student present reported that the assailant yelled threats during the incident. A police officer at the scene engaged with the assailant in an effort to detain him. The confrontation resulted in the officer discharging their weapon once, which resulted in the death of the assailant.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-17 |title=Rabbinical Student Released From Hospital After Stabbing Inside Brooklyn Synagogue - CBS New York |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/rabbinical-student-released-from-hospital-after-stabbing-inside-brooklyn-synagogue/ |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114113655/https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/rabbinical-student-released-from-hospital-after-stabbing-inside-brooklyn-synagogue/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="nyt-2014-12-09" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mitnick |first=Josh |date=December 10, 2014 |title=Victim in Synagogue Stabbing 'Feels Good,' Says Father |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/victim-in-new-york-city-synagogue-stabbing-feels-good-says-father-1418263500 |access-date=January 12, 2024 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114113717/https://www.wsj.com/articles/victim-in-new-york-city-synagogue-stabbing-feels-good-says-father-1418263500 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*

* ], ] ].
=== Ownership dispute and discovery of unauthorized underground expansion ===
*
{{Main|New York City synagogue tunnel incident}}
Since at least the 2000s, the synagogue, located under 784 and 788 Eastern Parkway, has been subject to a dispute between the ] (the umbrella organization for the worldwide Chabad-Lubavitch movement) and the ], who are ] and control day-to-day operations of the main synagogue.<ref name="Gillott 2024">{{Cite web |last=Gillott |first=Hannah |date=January 9, 2024 |title=Jewish tunnels: Why are Chabad hasidim digging under New York shul? |url=https://www.thejc.com/news/usa/chabad-embroiled-in-broiges-after-tunnels-found-under-world-headquarters-in-new-york-tfnqp38a |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=] |language=en |archive-date=January 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109233451/https://www.thejc.com/news/usa/chabad-embroiled-in-broiges-after-tunnels-found-under-world-headquarters-in-new-york-tfnqp38a |url-status=live }}</ref> Though a court ruling in 2006 decided that full ownership of 770 belongs to Agudas Chasidei Chabad, ongoing legal disputes have prevented either party from altering the structure.<ref name="Gillott 2024" />

In December 2023, an unauthorized underground digging was discovered connecting the main synagogue to a nearby unused ].<ref name="forward tunnel">{{Cite web |last=Keene |first=Louis |date=2024-01-09 |title=Arrests at Chabad's iconic headquarters after students thwart attempt to fill secret tunnel |url=https://forward.com/fast-forward/575528/arrests-at-chabad-770-secret-tunnel/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109035404/https://forward.com/fast-forward/575528/arrests-at-chabad-770-secret-tunnel/ |archive-date=January 9, 2024 |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Rahman 2024">{{Cite web |last=Rahman |first=Khaleda |date=2024-01-09 |title=Secret tunnel under New York synagogue sparks chaotic scenes |url=https://www.newsweek.com/secret-tunnel-new-york-synagogue-students-fill-chaotic-protest-unsafe-1858925 |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=] |language=en |archive-date=January 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109105703/https://www.newsweek.com/secret-tunnel-new-york-synagogue-students-fill-chaotic-protest-unsafe-1858925 |url-status=live }}</ref> '']'' reported that the tunnel was part of an attempted expansion of 770.<ref name="nytimes" /> In response, Chabad leadership closed the women's balcony on the floor above until the tunnel could be filled in<ref name="Rahman 2024" /> and called in construction crews to flood the expansion with concrete.<ref name="toi">{{cite news |date=9 January 2024 |title=Chaos ensues as NYPD tries to fill in secret tunnel in Chabad HQ synagogue |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/chaos-ensues-after-nypd-tries-to-fill-in-secret-tunnel-in-chabad-hq-synagogue/ |access-date=10 January 2024 |work=] |archive-date=January 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110010022/https://www.timesofisrael.com/chaos-ensues-after-nypd-tries-to-fill-in-secret-tunnel-in-chabad-hq-synagogue/ |url-status=live }}</ref> When workers tried to fill the tunnel on January 8, 2024, ] between Chabad messianists, who tried to prevent the tunnel from being filled,<ref name="FW-2">{{cite news |last1=Harpaz |first1=Beth |date=9 January 2024 |title=So why were those yeshiva students digging a tunnel at Chabad headquarters? |url=https://forward.com/fast-forward/575646/chabad-lubavitch-headquarters-770-tunnel-rebbe-messiah/ |access-date=10 January 2024 |work=] |language=en |archive-date=January 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109234815/https://forward.com/fast-forward/575646/chabad-lubavitch-headquarters-770-tunnel-rebbe-messiah/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and the ] (NYPD).<ref name="FW-2" /> The NYPD arrested nine people,<ref name="Somasundaram 2024">{{Cite news |last=Somasundaram |first=Praveena |date=January 10, 2024 |title=Nine charged in brawl over attempt to close secret tunnel at NYC synagogue |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2024/01/10/nyc-synagogue-secret-tunnel-chabad-lubavitch/ |access-date=January 10, 2024 |newspaper=] |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref name="Offenhartz 2024">{{Cite web |last=Offenhartz |first=Jake |date=January 9, 2024 |title=A secret tunnel in a NYC synagogue leads to a brawl between police and worshippers |url=https://apnews.com/article/brooklyn-synagogue-chabad-tunnel-2c03a40c9150bdf6d9d899436789d8cf |access-date=January 10, 2024 |website=] |language=en |archive-date=January 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110003034/https://apnews.com/article/brooklyn-synagogue-chabad-tunnel-2c03a40c9150bdf6d9d899436789d8cf |url-status=live }}</ref> and the building was temporarily closed pending a structural safety review.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Swaminathan |first=Sneha |date=January 9, 2024 |title=US: Secret tunnel found under Brooklyn synagogue, wild riot breaks out as police make arrests. Video |url=https://www.wionews.com/world/us-secret-tunnel-found-under-brooklyn-synagogue-wild-riot-breaks-out-as-police-make-arrests-video-678322 |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=] |language=en-us |archive-date=January 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110122328/https://www.wionews.com/world/us-secret-tunnel-found-under-brooklyn-synagogue-wild-riot-breaks-out-as-police-make-arrests-video-678322 |url-status=live }}</ref> Footage of the January 8 incident and tunnel went viral on social media.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Graziosi |first1=Graig |date=9 January 2024 |title=Riot breaks out after NYPD tries to seal secret synagogue tunnels in Brooklyn |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/nypd-riot-secret-synagogue-tunnels-b2475850.html |access-date=10 January 2024 |work=] |language=en |archive-date=January 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109222533/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/nypd-riot-secret-synagogue-tunnels-b2475850.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Building==
]
===Main synagogue===
The building contains a stairway that leads to the main synagogue. The synagogue is underground, and is considered part of 770, although it technically is mostly under 784 and 788.

===Central Lubavitcher Yeshiva===

The building contains a Yeshiva with approximately 1,000 students. The Yeshiva is a part of a group of Yeshivot called ], started by the 5th Chabad Rebbe ] of Lubavitch.

===Replicas===
Lubavitch Chassidim attach great significance to everything that played a role in the Rebbe's life; therefore, Lubavitch Chassidim all over the world have built replicas or near-replicas of the building.<ref name="Silverstein 2021 h609">{{cite web | last=Silverstein | first=Andrew | title=How 770 Eastern Parkway became the world's most-recognizable Jewish building | website=The Forward | date=October 1, 2021 | url=https://forward.com/culture/474642/how-770-eastern-parkway-chabad-lubavitch-rebbe-schneerson-history-jewish/ | access-date=September 30, 2023 | archive-date=July 28, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728072749/https://forward.com/culture/474642/how-770-eastern-parkway-chabad-lubavitch-rebbe-schneerson-history-jewish/ | url-status=live }}</ref> These include replicas in ] in ] and ] in ].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Building 770 in Kfar Chabad: Changing Israeli Landscapes: Buildings and the Uses of the Past |first=Alex |last=Weingrod |journal=Cultural Anthropology |volume=8 |issue=3 |year=1993 |pages=370–387 |doi= 10.1525/can.1993.8.3.02a00050}}</ref> Other replicas include ] at UCLA ]; Moshiach Center In Fort Lauderdale Fl, Chabad House at ] in ]; Congregation Ahavat Shalom in ]; in ]; in ], a suburb of ], ]; in ], ]; in ]; in ]; in ], in ], ]; in ] in ] and most recently in ], ].{{Cn|date=September 2023}} '']'' wrote in 2021 that there were an estimated 35 replicas of 770, most of which were Chabad Houses.<ref name="Silverstein 2021 h609"/>

]es and ] cases have been decorated with pictures of the building. Joseph Zakon Wineries in ] makes a wine called "Seven-seventy". In the early 1990s, Chabad bar-mitzvah boys began using ] bags with an embroidered picture of seven-seventy.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.col.org.il/show_news.asp?26161 |title=COL חב"ד און-ליין &#124; בזכות הריקמה של 770 נמצאו התפילין |publisher=Col.org.il |access-date=May 12, 2010}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
Lubavitcher Rebbe's Place.jpg|]'s place in the main synagogue at 770
Partial view of synagogue at 770 eastern parkway.jpg|Partial view of interior synagogue
Chabad hasidim in 770.jpg|Chabad Hasidim in the main synagogue at 770
Synagogue curtain.jpg|The ] at 770 Eastern Parkway
File:Kfar_Chabad_house.jpg|770 replica in Kfar Chabad, Israel
File:מרכז חבד רמת שלמה.jpg|770 replica in Ramat Shlomo, Jerusalem
File:439 inkerman street east st kilda.jpg|770 replica in Melbourne, Australia
File:770 Eastern Parkway Mitzpe Ramon Israel.jpg|Replica of 770 Eastern Parkway in Mitzpe Ramon, Israel
File:770 Replica, Ocean City, Maryland.jpg|Replica of 770, Congregation Ahavat Shalom in Ocean City, Maryland
File:Chabad of Flushing, construction and rendering.png|Replica of 770 at Chabad of ] under construction; Rendering on right.
</gallery>

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== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Synagogues in the United States}}
{{Chabad}}


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Latest revision as of 21:09, 24 November 2024

Lubavitch World Headquarters
770 Eastern Parkway
Agudas Chasidei Chabad
Yiddish: 770 איסטערן פארקוויי
Religion
AffiliationHasidic Judaism
RiteNusach Ari
Ecclesiastical or organizational status
Ownership
Year consecrated1940 (5700)
StatusActive
Location
Location770 Eastern Parkway, Crown Heights, Brooklyn, New York City, New York
CountryUnited States
770 Eastern Parkway is located in New York City770 Eastern ParkwayLocation in New York City
Geographic coordinates40°40′08″N 73°56′34″W / 40.669021°N 73.942870°W / 40.669021; -73.942870
Architecture
Architect(s)Edwin Kline
TypeResidence and synagogue
StyleCollegiate Gothic Revival
FounderThe Previous Lubavitcher Rebbe - Rabbi Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn
Completed1920
770 Eastern Parkway
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770 Eastern Parkway (Yiddish: 770 איסטערן פארקוויי), also known as "770" ("Seven Seventy"), is the street address of the World Headquarters of the Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidic movement, located on Eastern Parkway in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York. The building is the center of the Chabad-Lubavitch world movement and considered by many to be an iconic site in Judaism.

History

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The house, in Collegiate Gothic Revival style, was built in 1920, designed by Edwin Kline, and originally served as a medical office. In 1940, with the assistance of Jacob Rutstein and his son Nathan Rothstein, the building was purchased by Agudas Chasidei Chabad on behalf of the Chabad Lubavitch movement and as a home for Rabbi Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn when he arrived in the United States in 1940. Because Rabbi Schneerson used a wheelchair, a building with an elevator needed to be purchased for his use as both a home and as a synagogue.

The building, which soon became known as 770, became the hub and central location for Chabad during the 1940s. It served as the main Chabad synagogue, a yeshiva, and offices for the Merkos L'Inyonei Chinuch. Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn lived in an apartment on the second floor. When Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson arrived from Vichy France to New York in 1941, his father-in-law appointed him as chairman of Merkos L'Inyonei Chinuch. The younger Rabbi Schneerson's office was located on the first floor of 770, near the synagogue.

After Yosef Yitzchok's passing in January 1950, his son-in-law and successor, Menachem Mendel Schneersohn, continued to use his own office on the main floor to lead the movement, while maintaining his personal residence on President Street, several blocks away. Yosef Yitzchok's wife remained resident in her apartment on the second floor until her death. Her two daughters would often visit her in her apartment, and during her lifetime the new Rebbe would conduct semi-private meals there for the family and selected visitors on festive occasions. Today, the previous Rebbe's apartment and office are closed to the public. Since 1994, Rabbi Menachem Mendel's office on the first floor is used on Shabbat and Jewish holidays as an additional prayer room open to the public during prayer times.

From its inception the synagogue has served three parallel purposes. It is a place of daily prayer services, a study hall for advanced students, and an assembly hall for Chabad gatherings, known as Farbrengens. Here the Lubavitcher Rebbe or elder Chassidim would address Chassidim and other visitors about Torah observance and Chassidic philosophy and practice.

As the Lubavitch movement grew in the United States, the original synagogue became too small to house the chasidim and students who came to pray and study there. The synagogue was expanded in several stages. The first annex was added in 1960, with subsequent expansions taking place in the late 1960s and again in the mid-1970s. The synagogue then reached its current size. The original synagogue remains as a small study hall used by rabbinical students during the week. In 1988, Rabbi Schneersohn laid the cornerstone for an ongoing renovation project. In 1991, 770 was the site of the Crown Heights riot between Orthodox Jewish residents and African American residents.

Usage

The original building is part of a larger block maintained by the Agudas Chasidei Chabad. This block includes the larger synagogue, a Kollel (Kollel Tiferes Zekeinim), and the community's library. It also houses the offices of the secretariat of the Lubavitch Movement and other offices.

770 is an iconic site considered holy by members of the Chabad movement. It attracts thousands of visitors from around the world every year. The building is recognized as an Orthodox Jewish synagogue, which is open to all people, with a men's section on the ground floor and a women's section on the floor above it. On Shabbat and holidays, smaller prayer groups can be found congregating throughout the building, including the lobby and office used by the Rebbe within the original 770 building.

The synagogue's official name is "Congregation Lubavitch of Agudas Chasidei Chabad".

Stabbing incident

On December 9, 2014, a little after 1:00 am, an individual with a documented history of mental health issues entered a synagogue and assaulted a student with a knife. Another student present reported that the assailant yelled threats during the incident. A police officer at the scene engaged with the assailant in an effort to detain him. The confrontation resulted in the officer discharging their weapon once, which resulted in the death of the assailant.

Ownership dispute and discovery of unauthorized underground expansion

Main article: New York City synagogue tunnel incident

Since at least the 2000s, the synagogue, located under 784 and 788 Eastern Parkway, has been subject to a dispute between the Agudas Chasidei Chabad (the umbrella organization for the worldwide Chabad-Lubavitch movement) and the Gabbaim, who are Messianic Chasidim and control day-to-day operations of the main synagogue. Though a court ruling in 2006 decided that full ownership of 770 belongs to Agudas Chasidei Chabad, ongoing legal disputes have prevented either party from altering the structure.

In December 2023, an unauthorized underground digging was discovered connecting the main synagogue to a nearby unused mikveh. The New York Times reported that the tunnel was part of an attempted expansion of 770. In response, Chabad leadership closed the women's balcony on the floor above until the tunnel could be filled in and called in construction crews to flood the expansion with concrete. When workers tried to fill the tunnel on January 8, 2024, clashes broke out between Chabad messianists, who tried to prevent the tunnel from being filled, and the New York City Police Department (NYPD). The NYPD arrested nine people, and the building was temporarily closed pending a structural safety review. Footage of the January 8 incident and tunnel went viral on social media.

Building

770 is the backdrop for the photo of Chabad rabbis taken annually during the Kinus

Main synagogue

The building contains a stairway that leads to the main synagogue. The synagogue is underground, and is considered part of 770, although it technically is mostly under 784 and 788.

Central Lubavitcher Yeshiva

The building contains a Yeshiva with approximately 1,000 students. The Yeshiva is a part of a group of Yeshivot called Tomchei Tmimim, started by the 5th Chabad Rebbe Sholom Dovber Schneersohn of Lubavitch.

Replicas

Lubavitch Chassidim attach great significance to everything that played a role in the Rebbe's life; therefore, Lubavitch Chassidim all over the world have built replicas or near-replicas of the building. These include replicas in Ramat Shlomo in Jerusalem and Kfar Chabad in Israel. Other replicas include UCLA Chabad House at UCLA Los Angeles, California; Moshiach Center In Fort Lauderdale Fl, Chabad House at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey; Congregation Ahavat Shalom in Ocean City, Maryland; in Los Angeles, California; in St Kilda East, Victoria, a suburb of Melbourne, Australia; in Milan, Italy; in Brazil; in Argentina; in Chile, in Kamianske, Ukraine; in Camp Gan Israel in Montreal, Quebec and most recently in Baltimore, Maryland. The Forward wrote in 2021 that there were an estimated 35 replicas of 770, most of which were Chabad Houses.

Tzedakah boxes and mezuzah cases have been decorated with pictures of the building. Joseph Zakon Wineries in New York City makes a wine called "Seven-seventy". In the early 1990s, Chabad bar-mitzvah boys began using tefillin bags with an embroidered picture of seven-seventy.

Gallery

  • The Rebbe's place in the main synagogue at 770 The Rebbe's place in the main synagogue at 770
  • Partial view of interior synagogue Partial view of interior synagogue
  • Chabad Hasidim in the main synagogue at 770 Chabad Hasidim in the main synagogue at 770
  • The parochet at 770 Eastern Parkway The parochet at 770 Eastern Parkway
  • 770 replica in Kfar Chabad, Israel 770 replica in Kfar Chabad, Israel
  • 770 replica in Ramat Shlomo, Jerusalem 770 replica in Ramat Shlomo, Jerusalem
  • 770 replica in Melbourne, Australia 770 replica in Melbourne, Australia
  • Replica of 770 Eastern Parkway in Mitzpe Ramon, Israel Replica of 770 Eastern Parkway in Mitzpe Ramon, Israel
  • Replica of 770, Congregation Ahavat Shalom in Ocean City, Maryland Replica of 770, Congregation Ahavat Shalom in Ocean City, Maryland
  • Replica of 770 at Chabad of Flushing under construction; Rendering on right. Replica of 770 at Chabad of Flushing under construction; Rendering on right.


References

  1. ^ Berger, Joseph (December 9, 2014). "Officer Fatally Shoots Man After Stabbing in Brooklyn Synagogue". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 16, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
  2. Gopnik, Blake (October 17, 2006). "Illustrating That Looks Aren't Everything". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  3. "Friday, August 16, 2024 / Av 12, 5784 - Jewish Calendar - Hebrew Calendar". chabad.org. Archived from the original on December 20, 2014. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  4. ^ Eldredge, Barbara (June 7, 2016). "This Crown Heights Building Has Doppelgängers All Over the Globe". Brownstoner. Archived from the original on May 22, 2022. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
  5. ^ Shapiro, Eliza; Rosman, Katherine (January 9, 2024). "Secret Synagogue Tunnel Sets Off Altercation That Leads to 9 Arrests". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 10, 2024. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
  6. Young, Michelle; Pasquet, Augustin; Rives, T. M. (2017). Secret Brooklyn: An Unusual Guide. Versailles: Jonglez publishing. ISBN 978-2-36195-167-2.
  7. Ehrlich, Mark Avrum; Ehrlich, Avrum M. (2004). The Messiah of Brooklyn: understanding Lubavitch Hasidism past and present. Jersey City, NJ: KTAV. ISBN 978-0-88125-836-3.
  8. "Farbrengen Highlights: 10 Shevat 5732 - The "Farbrengen": A Chassidic Gathering with the Rebbe". chabad.org. Archived from the original on December 20, 2014. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  9. "Placing of the cornerstone at 770 - Program One Hundred Seventy Eight - Living Torah". chabad.org. Archived from the original on December 20, 2014. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  10. Mintz, Jerome R. (1992). Hasidic People: A Place in the New World (3. printing ed.). Cambridge, Mass London: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-38115-5.
  11. Mahler, Jonathan (September 21, 2003). "Waiting for the Messiah of Eastern Parkway". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 31, 2013. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
  12. "Rabbinical Student Released From Hospital After Stabbing Inside Brooklyn Synagogue - CBS New York". www.cbsnews.com. December 17, 2014. Archived from the original on January 14, 2024. Retrieved January 12, 2024.
  13. Mitnick, Josh (December 10, 2014). "Victim in Synagogue Stabbing 'Feels Good,' Says Father". Archived from the original on January 14, 2024. Retrieved January 12, 2024.
  14. ^ Gillott, Hannah (January 9, 2024). "Jewish tunnels: Why are Chabad hasidim digging under New York shul?". The Jewish Chronicle. Archived from the original on January 9, 2024. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
  15. Keene, Louis (January 9, 2024). "Arrests at Chabad's iconic headquarters after students thwart attempt to fill secret tunnel". The Forward. Archived from the original on January 9, 2024. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
  16. ^ Rahman, Khaleda (January 9, 2024). "Secret tunnel under New York synagogue sparks chaotic scenes". Newsweek. Archived from the original on January 9, 2024. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
  17. "Chaos ensues as NYPD tries to fill in secret tunnel in Chabad HQ synagogue". The Times of Israel. January 9, 2024. Archived from the original on January 10, 2024. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
  18. ^ Harpaz, Beth (January 9, 2024). "So why were those yeshiva students digging a tunnel at Chabad headquarters?". The Forward. Archived from the original on January 9, 2024. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
  19. Somasundaram, Praveena (January 10, 2024). "Nine charged in brawl over attempt to close secret tunnel at NYC synagogue". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
  20. Offenhartz, Jake (January 9, 2024). "A secret tunnel in a NYC synagogue leads to a brawl between police and worshippers". AP News. Archived from the original on January 10, 2024. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
  21. Swaminathan, Sneha (January 9, 2024). "US: Secret tunnel found under Brooklyn synagogue, wild riot breaks out as police make arrests. Video". WION. Archived from the original on January 10, 2024. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
  22. Graziosi, Graig (January 9, 2024). "Riot breaks out after NYPD tries to seal secret synagogue tunnels in Brooklyn". The Independent. Archived from the original on January 9, 2024. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
  23. ^ Silverstein, Andrew (October 1, 2021). "How 770 Eastern Parkway became the world's most-recognizable Jewish building". The Forward. Archived from the original on July 28, 2023. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
  24. Weingrod, Alex (1993). "Building 770 in Kfar Chabad: Changing Israeli Landscapes: Buildings and the Uses of the Past". Cultural Anthropology. 8 (3): 370–387. doi:10.1525/can.1993.8.3.02a00050.
  25. "COL חב"ד און-ליין | בזכות הריקמה של 770 נמצאו התפילין". Col.org.il. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
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