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{{Short description|Cemetery in Vilnius, Lithuania}}
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The '''Bernardine Cemetery''' ({{lang-pl|Cmentarz Bernardyński}}, {{lang-lt|Bernardinų kapinės}}), is one of the three oldest cemeteries in ], ]. It covers about 38,000 square metres and has estimated 14,000 burials. It was established in 1810 by ] monks of the St. Bernardin ] and is situated on an ] on the ], just east of the city center in the ] district. It was established when Tsarist authorities of the ] prohibited to bury the dead near churches. Residents of Vilnius moved the cemetery what was then outskirts of the city. The '''Bernardine Cemetery''' ({{langx|lt|Bernardinų kapinės}}, {{langx|pl|Cmentarz Bernadyński}}), is one of the three oldest cemeteries in ], ]. It covers about 38,000 square metres and has an estimated 14,000 burial sites. It was established in 1810 by the ] monks of the ] of St. Francis of Assisi, just east of the city center in the ] district, and is situated on an ] of the ]. Its development was a consequence of Tsarist authorities of the ] prohibiting burying the dead near churches. The residents of Vilnius moved the cemetery to what was then the outskirts of the city.


In the east and west the cemetery was surrounded by ]s. The cemetery was expanded in 1860. After World War II the cemetery was practically abandoned and started deteriorating. It was closed in the 1970's and since then remained almost unchanged. Many of the oldest graves are sinking into the ground and covered in ]. Eastern columbarium is almost entirely gone. Some restoration and reconstruction of its buildings and monuments, including western columbarium, began in the late 1990s. It is a joint Lithuanian and Polish effort. The ] were built on the east and west sides of the cemetery. The cemetery was expanded in 1860. After the Second World War the cemetery was abandoned for the most part and began to deteriorate. It was closed in the 1970s and since then until recently it had remained almost unchanged. Many of the oldest graves had sunk into the ground and became covered in ]. The eastern columbarium had almost entirely disappeared. Restoration and reconstruction of its buildings and monuments, including the western columbarium, began in the late 1990s.

==Restoration work==

Beginning in 2005, on the initiative of the ] Polish-Lithuanian foundation together with the ] (one of the main initiators of the project was ], a Polish historian who died in the ]), conservation work on the cemetery (known in ] as Cmentarz Bernardyński na Zarzeczu) commenced with the aim of restoring the necropolis for 2010, the two hundredth anniversary of the founding. The restoration work was funded by private donors as well as through a joint effort by the Polish and Lithuanian governments. More than a hundred historic tombstones have been renovated, most of them those of Polish and Lithuanian participants of the ], ] soldiers and the past faculty of the ]. Further renovations are planned.


==Famous graves== ==Famous graves==
Numerous famous scientists, painters and ] professors are buried there including: Numerous famous scientists, painters and ], intellectuals, professors and other renowned people are buried there including:


* Helena Dzierżyńska (1849–1896), ]'s mother
⚫ * ] (1761–1847), botanist and florist, professor of the Vilnius University and head of the ]
* ] (1861–1915), ] artist and photographer
⚫ * ] (1761–1847), ] botanist and florist, professor of Vilnius University and head of the ]
* ] (1886–1918), Lithuanian engineer
* ] (1890–1961), Lithuanian painter * ] (1890–1961), Lithuanian painter
* ] (1886–1918), engineer * ] – Polish pilot and engineer
* ] (1742–1819) – ] mathematician and engineer
⚫ * ] (1946–1993), writer
* Valdas Herkus Neimantas (1966–2005),<ref></ref> the main designer of ]
⚫ * ] (1797–1855), writer and doctor
* ] (1766–1820) – ] professor of mathematics
⚫ * ] (1791–1830), writer and historian, prefect of the Vilnius University Library
⚫ * ] (1946–1993), Lithuanian writer
⚫ * ] (1848–1926), physician and historian, the first honorary professor of the Stefan Batory University
⚫ * ] (1797–1855), Polish writer and doctor
* ] – ] painter
* ] – ] painter
⚫ * ] (1791–1830), Polish writer and historian, prefect of the Vilnius University Library
⚫ * ] (1848–1926), Polish physician and historian, the first honorary professor of ]


== See also == == See also ==
*] *]
*] *]
*] *]


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{lt icon}} {{cite book | first=Bronius |last=Kviklys |title= Lietuvos bažnyčios. V tomas: Vilniaus arkiviskupija, I dalis | year=1985 |publisher= Lithuanian Library Press |location=Chicago, Illinois |pages=414 |isbn=0-932042-54-6}} * {{cite book | first=Bronius |last=Kviklys |title= Lietuvos bažnyčios. V tomas: Vilniaus arkiviskupija, I dalis | year=1985 |publisher= Lithuanian Library Press |location=Chicago, Illinois |pages=414 |isbn=0-932042-54-6|language=lt}}
* {{cite web | url=http://www.ims.forth.gr/joint_projects/e-mem/LITHUANIA_Final_Presentation.pdf |accessdate=2008-01-09 |title=E-MEM project presentation |author=Department of Cultural Heritage Protection under Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Lithuania }} * {{cite web |url=http://www.ims.forth.gr/docs/emem/LITHUANIA_Final_Presentation.pdf |accessdate=2008-01-09 |title=E-MEM project presentation |author=Department of Cultural Heritage Protection under Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Lithuania }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

== Photos ==
<gallery>
⚫ File:Bernardine Cemetery.jpg
File:Bernardine Cemetery, 3.jpg
File:Bernardine Cemetery, 2.jpg
File:Bernardine Cemetery, 4.jpg
</gallery>


== External links == == External links ==
{{Commons category|Bernardine Cemetery in Vilnius}}
* *
* {{Find a Grave cemetery}}
{{Authority control}}


{{Coord|54.6801|25.3085|format=dms|type:landmark_region:LT|display=title}}
⚫ {{Commonscat|Bernardine Cemetery in Vilnius}}

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{{Lithuania-geo-stub}}

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{{Coor title d|54.680|N|25.307|E|type:landmark}}
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Latest revision as of 15:10, 27 October 2024

Cemetery in Vilnius, Lithuania
Entrance to the cemetery
Chapel in the cemetery, built to commemorate the consecration of the cemetery

The Bernardine Cemetery (Lithuanian: Bernardinų kapinės, Polish: Cmentarz Bernadyński), is one of the three oldest cemeteries in Vilnius, Lithuania. It covers about 38,000 square metres and has an estimated 14,000 burial sites. It was established in 1810 by the Bernardine monks of the Church of St. Francis of Assisi, just east of the city center in the Užupis district, and is situated on an embankment of the Vilnia river. Its development was a consequence of Tsarist authorities of the Russian Empire prohibiting burying the dead near churches. The residents of Vilnius moved the cemetery to what was then the outskirts of the city.

The Columbaria were built on the east and west sides of the cemetery. The cemetery was expanded in 1860. After the Second World War the cemetery was abandoned for the most part and began to deteriorate. It was closed in the 1970s and since then until recently it had remained almost unchanged. Many of the oldest graves had sunk into the ground and became covered in moss. The eastern columbarium had almost entirely disappeared. Restoration and reconstruction of its buildings and monuments, including the western columbarium, began in the late 1990s.

Restoration work

Beginning in 2005, on the initiative of the Adam Mickiewicz Polish-Lithuanian foundation together with the Council for the Protection of Struggle and Martyrdom Sites (one of the main initiators of the project was Andrzej Przewoźnik, a Polish historian who died in the airplane crash in Smolensk in 2010), conservation work on the cemetery (known in Polish as Cmentarz Bernardyński na Zarzeczu) commenced with the aim of restoring the necropolis for 2010, the two hundredth anniversary of the founding. The restoration work was funded by private donors as well as through a joint effort by the Polish and Lithuanian governments. More than a hundred historic tombstones have been renovated, most of them those of Polish and Lithuanian participants of the January Uprising, Home Army soldiers and the past faculty of the Stefan Batory University. Further renovations are planned.

Famous graves

Numerous famous scientists, painters and Vilnius University, intellectuals, professors and other renowned people are buried there including:

See also

References

  1. Billion Graves
  • Kviklys, Bronius (1985). Lietuvos bažnyčios. V tomas: Vilniaus arkiviskupija, I dalis (in Lithuanian). Chicago, Illinois: Lithuanian Library Press. p. 414. ISBN 0-932042-54-6.
  • Department of Cultural Heritage Protection under Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Lithuania. "E-MEM project presentation" (PDF). Retrieved 2008-01-09.

Photos

External links

54°40′48″N 25°18′31″E / 54.6801°N 25.3085°E / 54.6801; 25.3085

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