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{{Short description|Swedish artist (1684–1736)}}
{{Infobox Person
{{Infobox person
| name = Brigitta Scherzenfeldt
| name = Brigitta Scherzenfeldt
| image =
| imagesize = | image =
| caption = | imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_name = Brigitta Christina Scherzenfeldt
| birth_name = Brigitta Christina Scherzenfeldt
| birth_date = 1684
| birth_date = 1684
| birth_place = ], ]
| birth_place = ], ]
| death_date = 1736 (aged c. 52)
| death_date = 1736 (aged c. 52)
| death_place = ]
| death_place = ]
| other_names = Brigitta Christina Bernow;<br />Brigitta Christina Lindström;<br />Brigitta Christina Ziems;<br />Brigitta Christina Renat <small>?</small>
| other_names = Brigitta Christina Bernow;<br />Brigitta Christina Lindström;<br />Brigitta Christina Ziems;<br />Brigitta Christina Renat <small>?</small>
| known_for = ]
| known_for = ] amongst the ]
| occupation = ]ist, ] ]
| occupation = ]ist, ] ]
| spouse = Mats Bernow;<br />Johan Lindström;<br />Michael Ziems;<br />Johan Gustaf Renat <small>?</small>
| spouse = Mats Bernow;<br />Johan Lindström;<br />Michael Ziems;<br />Johan Gustaf Renat <small>?</small>
| website =
| website =
}} }}
'''Brigitta Christina Scherzenfeldt''', as married '''Bernow''', '''Lindström''', '''Ziems''', and '''Renat''', (], ], 1684 – ], ] 1736), was a ] ]ist and ] ] who was captured during the ] and lived as a slave in the kingdom of the ]s in ]. Her story is regarded as a unique source of information about life inside the historic ] ].


]
==Background==
'''Brigitta Christina Scherzenfeldt''', as married '''Bernow''', '''Lindström''', '''Ziems''', and '''Renat''' (1684 – 4 April 1736), was a Swedish ]ist and ] ] who was captured during the ] and lived as a slave over 15 years in the ] in ].<ref>Höjer Signe, Blomquist Gunvor, red (1986). Starka kvinnor: ett urval märkliga kvinnoöden från radioserien Värt att veta. (Strong women. A selection from the radio series Worth to Know) Stockholm: Sveriges radio. Libris 8358124. {{ISBN|91-522-1658-6}} {{in lang|sv}}</ref>
Born in ] Manor in ] in Sweden as the child of the noble ] Knut Scherzenfeldt and Brigitta Tranander, she married the military Mats Bernow at the ] in 1699 and followed him to war in 1700. She mainly lived in ], and when her husband died in ] in 1703, she married the military officer Johan Lindström. They were both taken prisoner at the fall of ] in 1704 and taken to ], where she became a widow in 1711. She remarried again in 1712, this time to a lieutenant, Michael Ziems, a ] who had ben taken prisoner of war in by the Russians during his service in the Swedish army; they were subsequently both deported to ] in ].
She dictated her memoirs, describing her life as a slave, after her release. Her story is regarded as a unique source of information about life among the Dzungars.<ref>Höjer Signe, Blomquist Gunvor, red (1986). Starka kvinnor: ett urval märkliga kvinnoöden från radioserien Värt att veta. (Strong women. A selection from the radio series Worth to Know) Stockholm: Sveriges radio. Libris 8358124. {{ISBN|91-522-1658-6}} {{in lang|sv}}</ref>


==Early life==
Ziems, who was clearly not a Swedish subject, joined the service of the ] army in 1715 in order to gain their freedom. In 1716, Ziems was a part of the reinforcements sent to the ] of Ivan Bucholtz at Jarmyn Lake, above the ], by Governor Gagarin. Scherzenfeldt, as well as several other Swedish and German people in Russian service, was a part of that convoy. At the same time, the garrison was attacked and captured by the Kalmyks, who also met and defeated the convoy, killing Michael Ziems during the conflict.

Born in ] Manor in ] in Sweden as the child of the noble ] Knut Scherzenfeldt and Brigitta Tranander. She married the military officer Mats Bernow at the ] in 1699 and followed him to war in 1700. She mainly lived in ], and when her spouse died in ] in 1703, she married the military officer Johan Lindström.<ref>Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)</ref>

After the ], they were both taken to ] as prisoners, where she became a widow in 1711. She remarried again in 1712, this time to a lieutenant, Michael Ziems, a ] who had been taken prisoner of war in by the Russians during his service in the Swedish army; they were subsequently both deported to ] in ].<ref>Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)</ref>

Ziems, who was German mercenary and not a Swedish subject, joined the service of the ]n army in 1715 to gain their freedom.<ref>Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)</ref>
In 1716, Ziems was a part of the reinforcements sent to the ] of Ivan Bucholtz at Jarmyn Lake, above the ], by Governor Matvei Petrovich Gagarin. Scherzenfeldt, as well as several other Swedish and German people in Russian service, was a part of that convoy.<ref>Heland, Birgitta von (1999). ”Kalmuckernas fånge.”. Populär historia (Lund: Populär historia, 1991-) "1999:2,": sid. 50-54 : ill.. ISSN 1102-0822. ISSN 1102-0822 ISSN 1102-0822. Libris 2799936 {{in lang|sv}}</ref>
At the same time, the garrison was attacked and captured by the Dzungar, who also met and defeated the convoy, killing Michael Ziems in the process.<ref>Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)</ref>


==Slavery== ==Slavery==
Scherzenfeldt was captured, abused with iron and ropes, stripped and almost raped, but she defended herself so forcefully that she tore a piece of flesh from the leg of her attacker. The attacker then wished to kill her, but was stopped by a comrade, and she was then taken naked to the Khanate in ] with the other survivors and presented to the ] himself; he curiously asked her why she had resisted the rape so forcefully, and when she told him about the customs of her country, he ordered that she should never be sexually attacked in the future. The Khan then gave her as a gift to one of his wives, a Princess from ], who gave Scherzenfeldt clothes to wear. The story about the rape attempt is not in her official story, but was told to an English woman, Mrs. Vigor, several years later in Moscow. Scherzenfeldt was captured, abused with iron and ropes, stripped, and almost raped, but she defended herself so forcefully that she tore a piece of flesh from the leg of her attacker.<ref>Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)</ref>
The attacker then wished to kill her, but was stopped by a comrade, and she was then taken naked to the Khanate in ] with the other survivors and presented to the ], ], himself.<ref>Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)</ref>
The khan curiously asked her why she had resisted the rape attempt so forcefully, and when she told him about the customs of her country, he ordered that she should never be sexually attacked in the future.<ref>Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)</ref>
The Khan then gave her as a gift to one of his wives, a princess from ], who gave Scherzenfeldt clothes to wear.<ref>Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)</ref> The story about the rape attempt is not in her official story, but was confided by her to an English woman, Mrs. Vigor, several years later in Moscow.<ref>Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)</ref>


Scherzenfeldt was made a teacher in ] and ], and soon became appreciated for her knowledge in these crafts and her good manners; she was appointed knitting instructor to the Khan's favorite daughter, Princess Seson, and was soon regarded as more of a lady-in-waiting than a slave.<ref>Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)</ref>
Scherzenfeldt was made teacher in ] and ], and soon became appreciated for her knowledge in these crafts and her good manners; she was appointed knitting instructor to the Kahn's favorite daughter, Princess Seson, and was soon regarded as more of a lady-in-waitng than a slave; during a period of two years, she was the official representative for the purchases from the Princess' dowry in ] in ] in ], where she would have ben the first Swedish person until the 1890s. She was also active in making a better life for other slaves belonging to the ]. Among them was a Swedish man named Johan Gustaf Renat (born 1682 in Stockholm), the son of ] ]s who converted nationalities in 1681, and he was then captured during his service in the Swedish army; he became an instructor in the making of cannons and the printing of books, and led an attack during a battle against the ]; he also made some of the weaving-looms for Scherzenfeldt's ]s. Princess Seson wanted Scherzenfeldt to come with her when she was to marry the Khan of the Volga Kalmyks, but she refused, as she feared she would never again see Sweden if she did so, and instead, she "married" Renat (the marriage never actually took place), and left the court of the Princess. Shortly after this, in ], the Khan, ] died, and the Princess, her mother, and everyone belonging to her court were accused of having posined him in order to place Seson's brother on the throne; they confessed, and were tortured and executed.
During two years, she was the official representative for the purchases from the Princess' dowry in ] in ] in ], where she would have been the first Swedish person until the 1890s.<ref>Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)</ref>


She was also active in making a better life for other slaves belonging to the Dzungars.<ref>Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)</ref>
Scherzenfeldt was the target of many suspicions and intrigues, but survived due to her good sense and great care, and even managed to get the new Khan to agree on her demand that the eighteen Swedish and one hundred and thirty four Russian slaves be released.
Among them was a Swedish man named ] (born 1682 in Stockholm), the son of ] ]s who ] to ] as part of becoming Swedish subjects in 1681.<ref>Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)</ref>
Renat had been captured at ] during his service in the Swedish army. Subsequently enlisting in the Russian army to escape captivity in Siberia, he was captured by the Dzungars, to whom he became an instructor in the ]-forging and book printing.<ref>Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)</ref>
He led an attack during a battle against the ] and also made some of the weaving looms for Scherzenfeldt's ]s.<ref>Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)</ref>

Princess Seson wanted Scherzenfeldt to come with her when she was to marry the Khan of the ] ], but she refused, as she feared she would never again see Sweden if she did so.<ref>Jarring, Gunnar (1984). Brigitta Scherzenfeldt och hennes fångenskap hos kalmuckerna. Karolinska förbundets årsbok. 1983, s. 88-118</ref>
Instead, she feigned a marriage to Renat (the marriage never actually took place) and left the court of the princess.<ref>Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)</ref>

Shortly after this, in 1727, the khan ] died.<ref>Sandstrom, Colibrine. Från Bäckaskog till kalmuckerrnas rike. Brigitta Scherzenfeldt liv. Lindfors. {{ISBN|91-85-99890-7}} {{in lang|sv}}</ref> The Princess, her mother, and every one belonging to her court were accused of having poisoned him to place Seson's brother on the throne; they confessed, were tortured, and executed.<ref>Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)</ref>

Scherzenfeldt was the target of many suspicions and intrigues but survived due to her good sense and great care.<ref>Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)</ref>
She managed to convince the new Khan to agree on her demand that the eighteen Swedish and one hundred and thirty-four Russian slaves be released.<ref>Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)</ref> Later, she helped another Mongol khan in planning his campaigns against the Qing.


==The release== ==The release==
In 1733, Scherzenfeldt and Renat left ] in the company of a Russian ] and twenty Kalmyk slaves, which were given to them upon their departure; six of them were subsequently kept by the Russians, but several others died before arriving in Moscow. They hade ben allowed to leave only to visit their home country; they where excpected to return. In Moscow, she told an English woman, Mrs Vigor, some about her experiences, which where published by Vigor in a book about Russia. When the survivors entered Stockholm in 1734, the three remaining Kalmyks (Altan, Iamakiss and Zara) were baptized to become Anna Catharina, Maria Stina and Sara Greta; they then became ]s in the Renat household. In 1733, Scherzenfeldt and Renat left ] in the company of a Russian ambassador and twenty Kalmyk or Dzungar slaves, which were given to them upon their departure; six of them were subsequently kept by the Russians, but several others died before arriving in Moscow.<ref>Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)</ref>


They had been allowed to leave only to visit their home country and were expected to return. In Moscow, she told an English woman, Mrs Vigor, some about her experiences, which were published by Vigor in a book about Russia.<ref>Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)</ref>
Scherzenfeldt died in 1736. Her Kalmyk costume of red silk is now on display in the ] in Stockholm.
When the survivors entered Stockholm in 1734, the three remaining Kalmyks (Altan, Iamakiss and Zara) were baptized in the Lutheran Protestant Church to become Anna Catharina, Maria Stina and Sara Greta; they then became maids in the Renat household.<ref>Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)</ref> She wrote her own memoirs of her experiences.

Scherzenfeldt died in Stockholm in 1736.<ref>Jarring, Gunnar (1984). Brigitta Scherzenfeldt och hennes fångenskap hos kalmuckerna. Karolinska förbundets årsbok. 1983, s. 88-118</ref> Her Dzungar costume of red silk is now on display in the ] in Stockholm.<ref>Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)</ref>

== Media ==
* Her book is not available in English.
* She appears in a Russian film called ''The Conquest of Siberia'', but it completely changes her story.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9795368/|title=Conquest (2019) - IMDb|via=www.imdb.com}}</ref>


==See also== ==See also==
* ] *]
*]
*]
*]
*]


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist}}
* Alf Åberg, "Fångars elände", {{sv icon}}.
* Gunvor blomquist, "Starka Kvinnor", {{sv icon}}.


===Literature and sources===
* Höjer Signe, Blomquist Gunvor, red (1986). Starka kvinnor: ett urval märkliga kvinnoöden från radioserien Värt att veta. (Strong women. A selection from the radio series Worth to Know) Stockholm: Sveriges radio. Libris 8358124. {{ISBN|91-522-1658-6}} {{in lang|sv}}
* Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700–1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700–1723) Stockholm: ]. Libris 7228808. {{ISBN|91-27-02743-0}} {{in lang|sv}}
* Jarring, Gunnar (1984). Brigitta Scherzenfeldt och hennes fångenskap hos kalmuckerna. Karolinska förbundets årsbok. 1983, s. 88–118
* Sandstrom, Colibrine. Från Bäckaskog till kalmuckerrnas rike. Brigitta Scherzenfeldt liv. Lindfors. {{ISBN|91-85-99890-7}} {{in lang|sv}}
* Heland, Birgitta von (1999). ”Kalmuckernas fånge.”. Populär historia (Lund: Populär historia, 1991-) "1999:2,": sid. 50-54 : ill.. ISSN 1102-0822. ISSN 1102-0822 ISSN 1102-0822. Libris 2799936 {{in lang|sv}}

{{Slave narrative| state=expanded}}
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Latest revision as of 04:27, 1 December 2024

Swedish artist (1684–1736)
Brigitta Scherzenfeldt
BornBrigitta Christina Scherzenfeldt
1684
Bäckaskog, Sweden
Died1736 (aged c. 52)
Stockholm, Sweden
Other namesBrigitta Christina Bernow;
Brigitta Christina Lindström;
Brigitta Christina Ziems;
Brigitta Christina Renat ?
Occupation(s)Memoirist, weaving teacher
Known forLiving as a slave amongst the Dzungars
Spouse(s)Mats Bernow;
Johan Lindström;
Michael Ziems;
Johan Gustaf Renat ?
The Dzungar costume of Brigitta Scherzenfeldt in Livrustkammaren - 43169

Brigitta Christina Scherzenfeldt, as married Bernow, Lindström, Ziems, and Renat (1684 – 4 April 1736), was a Swedish memoirist and weaving teacher who was captured during the Great Northern War and lived as a slave over 15 years in the Dzungar Khanate in Central Asia. She dictated her memoirs, describing her life as a slave, after her release. Her story is regarded as a unique source of information about life among the Dzungars.

Early life

Born in Bäckaskog Manor in Scania in Sweden as the child of the noble Lieutenant Knut Scherzenfeldt and Brigitta Tranander. She married the military officer Mats Bernow at the Life Guards in 1699 and followed him to war in 1700. She mainly lived in Riga, and when her spouse died in Thorn in 1703, she married the military officer Johan Lindström.

After the Battle of Narva, they were both taken to Moscow as prisoners, where she became a widow in 1711. She remarried again in 1712, this time to a lieutenant, Michael Ziems, a German who had been taken prisoner of war in by the Russians during his service in the Swedish army; they were subsequently both deported to Tobolsk in Siberia.

Ziems, who was German mercenary and not a Swedish subject, joined the service of the Russian army in 1715 to gain their freedom. In 1716, Ziems was a part of the reinforcements sent to the garrison of Ivan Bucholtz at Jarmyn Lake, above the Irtysh River, by Governor Matvei Petrovich Gagarin. Scherzenfeldt, as well as several other Swedish and German people in Russian service, was a part of that convoy. At the same time, the garrison was attacked and captured by the Dzungar, who also met and defeated the convoy, killing Michael Ziems in the process.

Slavery

Scherzenfeldt was captured, abused with iron and ropes, stripped, and almost raped, but she defended herself so forcefully that she tore a piece of flesh from the leg of her attacker. The attacker then wished to kill her, but was stopped by a comrade, and she was then taken naked to the Khanate in Ili with the other survivors and presented to the Khan, Tsewang Rabtan, himself.

The khan curiously asked her why she had resisted the rape attempt so forcefully, and when she told him about the customs of her country, he ordered that she should never be sexually attacked in the future. The Khan then gave her as a gift to one of his wives, a princess from Tibet, who gave Scherzenfeldt clothes to wear. The story about the rape attempt is not in her official story, but was confided by her to an English woman, Mrs. Vigor, several years later in Moscow.

Scherzenfeldt was made a teacher in weaving and knitting, and soon became appreciated for her knowledge in these crafts and her good manners; she was appointed knitting instructor to the Khan's favorite daughter, Princess Seson, and was soon regarded as more of a lady-in-waiting than a slave. During two years, she was the official representative for the purchases from the Princess' dowry in Yarkent County in Xinjiang in China, where she would have been the first Swedish person until the 1890s.

She was also active in making a better life for other slaves belonging to the Dzungars. Among them was a Swedish man named Johan Gustaf Renat (born 1682 in Stockholm), the son of Dutch Jewish immigrants who converted to Christianity as part of becoming Swedish subjects in 1681. Renat had been captured at Poltava during his service in the Swedish army. Subsequently enlisting in the Russian army to escape captivity in Siberia, he was captured by the Dzungars, to whom he became an instructor in the cannon-forging and book printing. He led an attack during a battle against the Qing Empire and also made some of the weaving looms for Scherzenfeldt's workshops.

Princess Seson wanted Scherzenfeldt to come with her when she was to marry the Khan of the Volga Kalmyks, but she refused, as she feared she would never again see Sweden if she did so. Instead, she feigned a marriage to Renat (the marriage never actually took place) and left the court of the princess.

Shortly after this, in 1727, the khan Tsewang Rabtan died. The Princess, her mother, and every one belonging to her court were accused of having poisoned him to place Seson's brother on the throne; they confessed, were tortured, and executed.

Scherzenfeldt was the target of many suspicions and intrigues but survived due to her good sense and great care. She managed to convince the new Khan to agree on her demand that the eighteen Swedish and one hundred and thirty-four Russian slaves be released. Later, she helped another Mongol khan in planning his campaigns against the Qing.

The release

In 1733, Scherzenfeldt and Renat left Central Asia in the company of a Russian ambassador and twenty Kalmyk or Dzungar slaves, which were given to them upon their departure; six of them were subsequently kept by the Russians, but several others died before arriving in Moscow.

They had been allowed to leave only to visit their home country and were expected to return. In Moscow, she told an English woman, Mrs Vigor, some about her experiences, which were published by Vigor in a book about Russia.

When the survivors entered Stockholm in 1734, the three remaining Kalmyks (Altan, Iamakiss and Zara) were baptized in the Lutheran Protestant Church to become Anna Catharina, Maria Stina and Sara Greta; they then became maids in the Renat household. She wrote her own memoirs of her experiences.

Scherzenfeldt died in Stockholm in 1736. Her Dzungar costume of red silk is now on display in the Livrustkammaren in Stockholm.

Media

  • Her book is not available in English.
  • She appears in a Russian film called The Conquest of Siberia, but it completely changes her story.

See also

References

  1. Höjer Signe, Blomquist Gunvor, red (1986). Starka kvinnor: ett urval märkliga kvinnoöden från radioserien Värt att veta. (Strong women. A selection from the radio series Worth to Know) Stockholm: Sveriges radio. Libris 8358124. ISBN 91-522-1658-6 (in Swedish)
  2. Höjer Signe, Blomquist Gunvor, red (1986). Starka kvinnor: ett urval märkliga kvinnoöden från radioserien Värt att veta. (Strong women. A selection from the radio series Worth to Know) Stockholm: Sveriges radio. Libris 8358124. ISBN 91-522-1658-6 (in Swedish)
  3. Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)
  4. Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)
  5. Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)
  6. Heland, Birgitta von (1999). ”Kalmuckernas fånge.”. Populär historia (Lund: Populär historia, 1991-) "1999:2,": sid. 50-54 : ill.. ISSN 1102-0822. ISSN 1102-0822 ISSN 1102-0822. Libris 2799936 (in Swedish)
  7. Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)
  8. Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)
  9. Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)
  10. Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)
  11. Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)
  12. Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)
  13. Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)
  14. Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)
  15. Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)
  16. Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)
  17. Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)
  18. Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)
  19. Jarring, Gunnar (1984). Brigitta Scherzenfeldt och hennes fångenskap hos kalmuckerna. Karolinska förbundets årsbok. 1983, s. 88-118
  20. Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)
  21. Sandstrom, Colibrine. Från Bäckaskog till kalmuckerrnas rike. Brigitta Scherzenfeldt liv. Lindfors. ISBN 91-85-99890-7 (in Swedish)
  22. Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)
  23. Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)
  24. Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)
  25. Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)
  26. Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)
  27. Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)
  28. Jarring, Gunnar (1984). Brigitta Scherzenfeldt och hennes fångenskap hos kalmuckerna. Karolinska förbundets årsbok. 1983, s. 88-118
  29. Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700-1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)
  30. "Conquest (2019) - IMDb" – via www.imdb.com.

Literature and sources

  • Höjer Signe, Blomquist Gunvor, red (1986). Starka kvinnor: ett urval märkliga kvinnoöden från radioserien Värt att veta. (Strong women. A selection from the radio series Worth to Know) Stockholm: Sveriges radio. Libris 8358124. ISBN 91-522-1658-6 (in Swedish)
  • Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700–1723. (The misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia 1700–1723) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. ISBN 91-27-02743-0 (in Swedish)
  • Jarring, Gunnar (1984). Brigitta Scherzenfeldt och hennes fångenskap hos kalmuckerna. Karolinska förbundets årsbok. 1983, s. 88–118
  • Sandstrom, Colibrine. Från Bäckaskog till kalmuckerrnas rike. Brigitta Scherzenfeldt liv. Lindfors. ISBN 91-85-99890-7 (in Swedish)
  • Heland, Birgitta von (1999). ”Kalmuckernas fånge.”. Populär historia (Lund: Populär historia, 1991-) "1999:2,": sid. 50-54 : ill.. ISSN 1102-0822. ISSN 1102-0822 ISSN 1102-0822. Libris 2799936 (in Swedish)
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