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{{Short description|Online activist group}} | |||
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'''The Jewish Internet Defense Force''' ('''JIDF''') is an online organization that tries to remove material from the Internet which its members believe promotes or praises terror and ], including in particular sites they deem to be ] in nature.<ref name="jidf_responsetowikipedia">{{cite blog|title=JIDF Response to Misplaced Pages|url= | |||
{{Infobox organization | |||
http://www.thejidf.org/2008/08/current-response-to-wikipedia.html|publisher=|date=], ]}}</ref> The group has focused its attention specifically on ], ], ], and ]. | |||
| name = Jewish Internet Defense Force | |||
| abbreviation = JIDF | |||
| logo = Jidf logo.png | |||
| logo_size = 200px | |||
| caption = Logo of JIDF | |||
| purpose = ], ] | |||
| website = {{usurped|1=}} | |||
}} | |||
==Background== | |||
{{see also|Social networking|User-generated content|Web 2.0|New media}} | |||
The '''Jewish Internet Defense Force''' ('''JIDF''') was an organization ran social media campaigns from 2000 to 2014 against websites and Facebook groups that it described as ] or ]. The group's website, whose former domain now links to a gambling site, described the JIDF as a "private, independent, non-violent protest organization representing a collective of activists".<ref name="jidf_about">{{cite web |title=About the JIDF |url=http://www.thejidf.org/2008/10/about-jidf.html |publisher=JIDF|date=October 2008|archive-date=13 January 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130113130812/http://www.thejidf.org/2008/10/about-jidf.html |url-status=usurped}}</ref> The JIDF was termed "]" by the BBC and '']''.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/l/7827293.stm | work=BBC News | title=Gaza crisis spills onto the web | date=14 January 2009}} | |||
] from the JIDF's official ]. The images shows links to other ]s, which the JIDF finds objectionable. Under each link is a comment, containing the rhetorical question " legitimate political discourse?". ]]] web sites allow users to create content. Often, such content is created without ] by ] because of the large number of users and the large amount of content created by them. Often, other users are quicker to act against content that could be deemed to be contrary to a site's ] than the administrators; or such users could inform the administrators about such content before the administrators notice it themselves. | |||
*{{cite web|last=Hartman |first=Benjamin L. |url=http://www.haaretz.com/ga/israel-s-internet-intifada-1.394381 |title=Israel's Internet intifada |publisher=Haaretz.com |date=8 November 2011 |access-date=20 June 2012}}</ref> | |||
The JIDF web site was live in February 2014 with little activity, and is no longer available. | |||
==Organization and methods== | |||
It is possible for groups that promote hate to use social networking sites as a forum to express their views without administrators of those sites noticing it right away. | |||
According to the JIDF, they "formed as a grassroots effort in 2000, to mount mass e-mail campaigns, in response to the outbreak of the ]."<ref name="jpost1">{{cite news |author=Stephanie Rubenstein |title=Jewish Internet Defense Force 'seizes control' of anti-Israel Facebook group |url=http://www.jpost.com/Home/Article.aspx?id=109334 |publisher=]| location=Jerusalem |date=29 July 2008 |access-date=3 September 2010}}</ref> The website was run by a person who identified himself as "David Appletree."<ref name="jewishweek1"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110112014239/http://www.thejewishweek.com/news/brief/internet_activist_no_friend_facebook |date=12 January 2011 }} '']''</ref> According to a reporter from '']'' in 2009, he " not say if that is his true surname". In the same article, Appletree accused Facebook administrators of antisemitism for closing down his account. A Facebook spokesperson replied that the account was terminated because the website did not believe he was using his real name, a breach of Facebook's "real name culture". Appletree said that he maintained about 40 Facebook groups focused on combating terrorism and antisemitism.<ref name="jewishweek1"/> | |||
==Activities== | |||
The group focused its attention on websites like ],<ref name="Jewish Activist Battl">{{cite web| last=Morrison| first=Sarah| title=Jewish Activist Battles For Israel on Facebook| publisher=Israel National News| date=4 March 2008| url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/125783}}</ref><ref name="Jewish Activist Hac">{{cite web| last=Morrison| first=Sarah| title=Jewish Activists Hack Anti-Semitic Facebook Group| publisher=Israel National News| date=27 July 2008| url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/Flash.aspx/150523}}</ref> ], ], and ].<ref name="JIDF_telgraph" /> The JIDF redirected ] Facebook groups to other pages it preferred and changed the names of Muslim members of such groups to "Mossad collaborator," among other actions.<ref name=Hartman/> A website spokesman told the Israeli newspaper ] that they don't break any laws and that the JIDF "prefers the terms 'seize control,' 'take over' or 'infiltrate' rather than 'hack to describe there actions.'<ref name=Hartman/> | |||
The JIDF (which has a name that is similar to the ]) encourages e-mail campaigns to site administrators<ref name="Sample E-mail Activism Letter">{{cite blog|title=Sample E-mail Activism Letter|url=http://www.thejidf.org/2008/05/sample-email-activsm-letter-media.html|publisher=|date=], ]}}</ref> to inform them about content which they deem to be objectionable and contrary to that site's acceptable use policies. Its members also join Facebook groups (which are similar to forums) to "take over" that group by means which the JIDF does not specify on their site. They state that such methods do not violate a site's acceptable use policies. | |||
In an interview with ], Appletree maintained, "The Jewish establishment... has completely failed Israel and the Jewish people in every way imaginable."<ref>{{Cite web|title=JIDF Fights for Israel Online|url=https://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/137769|access-date=2021-05-12|website=Israel National News|date=31 May 2010 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
The JIDF created a Facebook group entitled "FACEBOOK: Why do you aid and abet terrorist organizations?"<ref name="arutzsheva_facebook_jewishactivist">{{cite news|title=Jewish Activist Battles For Israel on Facebook|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/125783|publisher=]|date=], ]}}</ref>, where it ] its members to communicate with Facebook administrators about a number of Facebook groups which they accused of violating Facebook's ], successfully leading to the closure of over 100 of these groups.<ref name="arutzsheva_facebook_jewishactivist" /><ref name="jidf_responsetowikipedia" /> The JIDF says they began taking control of a number of groups, most notably the ] "Israel is not a country! Delist it from Facebook as a country" after Facebook administrators declined to shut the group down. According to the JIDF, Facebook's inaction came "despite thousands of user complaints over the course of eighteen months".<ref name="JIDF_telgraph">{{cite news|title=Facebook: 'Anti-Semitic' group hijacked by Jewish force|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2478773/Facebook-Anti-semitic-group-destroyed-by-Israeli-hackers.html|publisher=]|date=], ]}}</ref> Editorials from the JIDF, ] and '']'' had previously described the "Israel is not a country…" group as anti-semitic.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jewish Internet Defense Force 'seizes control' of anti-Israel Facebook group|url=http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1215331137728&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FPrinter|publisher=]|date=], ]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Anti-Semitism 2.0 Going Largely Unchallenged|url=http://www.thejewishweek.com/viewArticle/c37_a4553/News/National.html|publisher=]|date=], ]}}</ref><ref>{{cite paper| last=Oboler | first=Andre | title=Online Antisemitism 2.0. "Social Antisemitism" on the "Social Web" | publisher=] | date=2008-04-01 | url=http://www.jcpa.org/JCPA/Templates/ShowPage.asp?DRIT=3&DBID=1&LNGID=1&TMID=111&FID=624&PID=0&IID=2235&TTL=Online_Antisemitism_2.0._ | accessdate=2008-08-14 }}</ref> The Coordination Forum for Countering Antisemitism (CFCA) has highlighted the issue by including a ] ] on the topic<ref name="JIDF_telgraph" /> in its archive.<ref>{{cite paper| title= Israel - Facebook: 'Anti-Semitic' group hijacked by Jewish force" | publisher=CFCA Archives | url= http://www.antisemitism.org.il/eng/struggle/33140/Israel_-_Facebook%3A_%27Anti-Semitic%27_group_hijacked_by_Jewish_force | accessdate=2008-08-18 }}</ref> The Anti Defamation League cite the group as an example of anti-Semitism on Facebook and describe it as "strongly anti-Israel and anti-Semitic" <ref>{{cite paper| title= Help ADL fight the next generation of online extremism " | publisher=ADL | url= http://support.adl.org/site/PageServer?pagename=ac_anti_semitism_2 | accessdate=2008-08-18 }}</ref> | |||
=== On Facebook === | |||
{{Conservatism in Israel}} | |||
During 2007, a controversy on Facebook was reported involving "the drop-down list of places members can use to show where they live".<ref name="Playing Politics on Facebook"/> A Facebook group titled, "Palestine Is not a country ... Delist it from Facebook as a country!", had been formed in 2007 which petitioned Facebook management to remove Palestine from Facebook's list of countries. Several ]s formed to support or oppose this removal including "Israel is not a country! | |||
Delist it from Facebook as a country". Matt Hicks of Facebook responded by saying: "As long as the groups meet our terms of use, they can stay up. But we encourage users to report anything that is racist or objectionable."<ref name="Playing Politics on Facebook">{{cite news| url=https://www.thestar.com/opinion/columnists/2007/05/03/playing_politics_on_facebook.html| title=Playing Politics on Facebook| date=3 May 2007| work=The Star| author=Zerbisias, Antonia| location=Toronto}}</ref> The JIDF claimed the "Israel is not a Country" group was antisemitic and mobilized supporters to complain to Facebook in an effort to have it deleted.<ref name="JIDF_telgraph">{{cite news| title=Facebook: 'Anti-Semitic' group hijacked by Jewish force| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2478773/Facebook-Anti-semitic-group-destroyed-by-Israeli-hackers.html| publisher=]| location=London| author=Moore, Matthew| date=31 July 2008}}</ref> After Facebook refused to shut the group down, the JIDF said it somehow took control of the group in July 2008.<ref name="jpost1"/> | |||
According to a November 2008 article in ''Haaretz'',<ref name="Hartman">{{cite news| author=Benjamin Hartman| title=An online battle for Israel's legitimacy| url=http://www.haaretz.com/ga-special-feature-an-online-battle-for-israel-s-legitimacy-1.257241| publisher=]| date=14 November 2008}}</ref> the JIDF forwarded lists of Facebook groups that it deemed promoted hatred or violence to the website's administrators, hoping they would be removed. According to a man named "David" quoted in the Haaretz article, Facebook either did nothing or waited months before taking action. "David" told Haaretz that his group then decided to try to technically "intercept Facebook groups and make them impossible to access." The JIDF was particularly upset about Facebook groups praising the shooting of ] in March 2008.<ref name="Jewish Activist Battl" /> | |||
In July 2009, the JIDF and ] took credit for successfully pressuring Facebook into removing a fan page for ] leader ]. The JIDF said it mobilized supporters to complain about the page to Facebook's owners.<ref name="jpost.com">, Jerusalem Post, 29 July 2009</ref> The JIDF website claims that it deleted the vast majority of a pro-Hezbollah fan page's 118,000 members. The JIDF sites says it has removed more than 100 antisemitic groups from Facebook,<ref name="Hartman" /> In September 2009 that it hijacked a Facebook group titled "Eliminate Israel from Being" and deleted more than 5,000 members before Facebook management "returned control of the site to its administrators."<ref name=CJN>{{cite web| last=Lungen| first=Paul| title=Anti-Israel Facebook groups infiltrated| publisher=Canadian Jewish News| date=25 September 2008| url=http://www.cjnews.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=15425&Itemid=86}}</ref> | |||
The JIDF criticized Facebook for allegedly condoning and hosting ] groups on its network. The group charged that Facebook is hypocritical in removing groups that support the ], for instance, while not removing what it considers Holocaust denial groups and claimed it would continue to criticize Facebook over the matter.<ref>, The National, Dubai, 15 June 2009</ref><ref>, CS Monitor, 11 May 2009</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jpost.com/Home/Article.aspx?id=153148 |title='Facebook doesn't bar hateful content against Jews' |publisher=The Jerusalem Post |first=Elan |last=Miller |date=27 August 2009 |access-date=3 September 2010}}</ref> | |||
=== Elsewhere on the Web === | |||
JIDF's measures "include reporting Misplaced Pages editors it claims are anti-Israel, and taking action against entries seen as including one-sided or false accounts of the history of Israel and the Mideast conflict," Haaretz wrote. The group sought to have Palestinian villages listed as having been destroyed during the foundation of Israel removed from ] and campaigned against the description of "Palestine" as a country.<ref name=Hartman/> | |||
The JIDF organized a pro-] campaign in 2009 on the social networking site ]. During the "Tweet4Shalit" campaign Twitter users drove the Gilad Shalit name to the second highest trend on the day of his 23rd birthday. Tweets for Shalit ranged from the demand to "Free Shalit" to requests for international supervision of the case.<ref name="'Tweet4Schalit' campaign reaches No. 2 spot in Twitter">{{cite web |url=http://www.jpost.com/Home/Article.aspx?id=153145 |title='Tweet4Shalit' campaign reaches No. 2 spot in Twitter |publisher=The Jerusalem Post |first1=Josiah Daniel |last1=Ryan |first2=Elan |last2=Miller |date=27 August 2009 |access-date=3 September 2010}}</ref><ref>, Israel National News, 5 August 2009</ref> | |||
The JIDF was recognized by the ] as one of the "100 Most Influential Jewish Twitterers" in 2009 and was ranked as the top-ranked Jewish Newswire.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917064143/http://blogs.jta.org/telegraph/article/2009/05/01/1004826/jtas-100-most-influential-jewish-twitterers |date=17 September 2009 }}, JTA, 1 May 2009</ref> | |||
== Criticism == | |||
In October 2008, the German newspaper the ''] (FAZ)'' wrote "the JIDF follows an open political agenda as well. Many of its members protested the clearing of ]s in the ] in 2005 – they regard this policy of trading Land for Peace as wrong." The newspaper wrote that "Ultimately the JIDF also wants to propagate ‘Jewish values on the Internet’. This leads to the self-appointed warriors against online-hatred to link their own homepage to a dubious site named ‘thereligionofpeace.com’.<ref>. Quotes are taken from the authorised English translation, published at Zionism On The Web, seen 22 November 2008</ref>{{unreliable source?|date=March 2024}} The JIDF website itself said "Mohammed was a genocidal pedophile... Millions of Muslims promote the idea that if we "insult" him (despite the fact that he's dead), that we should be killed."<ref>{{usurped|1=}} JIDF website, May 19, 2010.</ref> The website said that ] was a "false prophet" and that the "] ideology itself... is determined to dominate the world, just as Nazism was." The website came out against plans to build an Islamic cultural center near ] in New York, "we are against ALL mosques. We are against Islam, just as we are against ]. Just as we don't wish to see Nazi institutions springing up everywhere, we don't need to see Islamic one's springing up everywhere, either."<ref>{{usurped|1=}} JIDF website, 14 August 2010</ref>{{unreliable source?|date=March 2024}} | |||
In May 2009, ] wrote that the JIDF is "sometimes guilty of sweeping generalizations of its own",<ref name="cnn-1">Lisa Respers France, , ], 8 May 2009.</ref> citing a 2008 interview published on Facebook critic ]'s site in which a JIDF representative discussed "the issues surrounding ]'s] terrorist connections as well as his racist and anti-Semitic church, which has supported ] and the Rev. ]", and the reply when asked how the Jewish and Muslim communities saw the JIDF, that "99.9% of Muslims hate us".<ref name=cuban>{{cite web|last=Cuban |first=Brian |title=Inside The Jewish Internet Defense Force|date=29 July 2008|url=http://www.briancuban.com/inside-the-jewish-internet-defense-force/ |publisher=Brian Cuban|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080805012825/http://www.briancuban.com/inside-the-jewish-internet-defense-force/|archive-date=5 August 2008}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=March 2024}} CNN quoted a JIDF spokesperson as saying he would rather people not focus on those specific quotations as the interview had been "informal" and Cuban "would not let us correct any of our statements after we quickly answered him to help him meet his deadline."<ref name="cnn-1" /> Asked in the Cuban interview, "What is the position of the JIDF on the 'Palestinian Question' regarding disputes over occupied lands", the spokesman replied, "Palestinians should be transferred out of Israeli territories. They can live in any of the other many Arab states. We are against all land concessions to our enemies. We are against the release of terrorist prisoners from Israeli prisons. ."<ref name=cuban/> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
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Latest revision as of 01:39, 22 December 2024
Online activist group
Abbreviation | JIDF |
---|---|
Purpose | Online activism, Israel advocacy |
Website | thejidf.org (Archived February 2014, now dead) |
The Jewish Internet Defense Force (JIDF) was an organization ran social media campaigns from 2000 to 2014 against websites and Facebook groups that it described as Islamic terrorism or antisemitism. The group's website, whose former domain now links to a gambling site, described the JIDF as a "private, independent, non-violent protest organization representing a collective of activists". The JIDF was termed "hacktivism" by the BBC and Haaretz. The JIDF web site was live in February 2014 with little activity, and is no longer available.
Organization and methods
According to the JIDF, they "formed as a grassroots effort in 2000, to mount mass e-mail campaigns, in response to the outbreak of the Second Intifada." The website was run by a person who identified himself as "David Appletree." According to a reporter from The Jewish Week in 2009, he " not say if that is his true surname". In the same article, Appletree accused Facebook administrators of antisemitism for closing down his account. A Facebook spokesperson replied that the account was terminated because the website did not believe he was using his real name, a breach of Facebook's "real name culture". Appletree said that he maintained about 40 Facebook groups focused on combating terrorism and antisemitism.
The group focused its attention on websites like Facebook, YouTube, Google Earth, and Misplaced Pages. The JIDF redirected anti-Israel Facebook groups to other pages it preferred and changed the names of Muslim members of such groups to "Mossad collaborator," among other actions. A website spokesman told the Israeli newspaper Haaretz that they don't break any laws and that the JIDF "prefers the terms 'seize control,' 'take over' or 'infiltrate' rather than 'hack to describe there actions.'
In an interview with Arutz Sheva, Appletree maintained, "The Jewish establishment... has completely failed Israel and the Jewish people in every way imaginable."
On Facebook
During 2007, a controversy on Facebook was reported involving "the drop-down list of places members can use to show where they live". A Facebook group titled, "Palestine Is not a country ... Delist it from Facebook as a country!", had been formed in 2007 which petitioned Facebook management to remove Palestine from Facebook's list of countries. Several Facebook groups formed to support or oppose this removal including "Israel is not a country! Delist it from Facebook as a country". Matt Hicks of Facebook responded by saying: "As long as the groups meet our terms of use, they can stay up. But we encourage users to report anything that is racist or objectionable." The JIDF claimed the "Israel is not a Country" group was antisemitic and mobilized supporters to complain to Facebook in an effort to have it deleted. After Facebook refused to shut the group down, the JIDF said it somehow took control of the group in July 2008.
According to a November 2008 article in Haaretz, the JIDF forwarded lists of Facebook groups that it deemed promoted hatred or violence to the website's administrators, hoping they would be removed. According to a man named "David" quoted in the Haaretz article, Facebook either did nothing or waited months before taking action. "David" told Haaretz that his group then decided to try to technically "intercept Facebook groups and make them impossible to access." The JIDF was particularly upset about Facebook groups praising the shooting of students at Jerusalem's Mercaz HaRav Yeshiva in March 2008.
In July 2009, the JIDF and Avi Dichter took credit for successfully pressuring Facebook into removing a fan page for Hizbullah leader Hassan Nasrallah. The JIDF said it mobilized supporters to complain about the page to Facebook's owners. The JIDF website claims that it deleted the vast majority of a pro-Hezbollah fan page's 118,000 members. The JIDF sites says it has removed more than 100 antisemitic groups from Facebook, In September 2009 that it hijacked a Facebook group titled "Eliminate Israel from Being" and deleted more than 5,000 members before Facebook management "returned control of the site to its administrators."
The JIDF criticized Facebook for allegedly condoning and hosting Holocaust denial groups on its network. The group charged that Facebook is hypocritical in removing groups that support the Ku Klux Klan, for instance, while not removing what it considers Holocaust denial groups and claimed it would continue to criticize Facebook over the matter.
Elsewhere on the Web
JIDF's measures "include reporting Misplaced Pages editors it claims are anti-Israel, and taking action against entries seen as including one-sided or false accounts of the history of Israel and the Mideast conflict," Haaretz wrote. The group sought to have Palestinian villages listed as having been destroyed during the foundation of Israel removed from Google Earth and campaigned against the description of "Palestine" as a country.
The JIDF organized a pro-Gilad Shalit campaign in 2009 on the social networking site Twitter. During the "Tweet4Shalit" campaign Twitter users drove the Gilad Shalit name to the second highest trend on the day of his 23rd birthday. Tweets for Shalit ranged from the demand to "Free Shalit" to requests for international supervision of the case.
The JIDF was recognized by the JTA as one of the "100 Most Influential Jewish Twitterers" in 2009 and was ranked as the top-ranked Jewish Newswire.
Criticism
In October 2008, the German newspaper the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (FAZ) wrote "the JIDF follows an open political agenda as well. Many of its members protested the clearing of Israeli settlements in the Gaza strip in 2005 – they regard this policy of trading Land for Peace as wrong." The newspaper wrote that "Ultimately the JIDF also wants to propagate ‘Jewish values on the Internet’. This leads to the self-appointed warriors against online-hatred to link their own homepage to a dubious site named ‘thereligionofpeace.com’. The JIDF website itself said "Mohammed was a genocidal pedophile... Millions of Muslims promote the idea that if we "insult" him (despite the fact that he's dead), that we should be killed." The website said that Mohammad was a "false prophet" and that the "Islamic ideology itself... is determined to dominate the world, just as Nazism was." The website came out against plans to build an Islamic cultural center near Ground Zero in New York, "we are against ALL mosques. We are against Islam, just as we are against Nazism. Just as we don't wish to see Nazi institutions springing up everywhere, we don't need to see Islamic one's springing up everywhere, either."
In May 2009, CNN wrote that the JIDF is "sometimes guilty of sweeping generalizations of its own", citing a 2008 interview published on Facebook critic Brian Cuban's site in which a JIDF representative discussed "the issues surrounding terrorist connections as well as his racist and anti-Semitic church, which has supported Hamas and the Rev. Louis Farrakhan", and the reply when asked how the Jewish and Muslim communities saw the JIDF, that "99.9% of Muslims hate us". CNN quoted a JIDF spokesperson as saying he would rather people not focus on those specific quotations as the interview had been "informal" and Cuban "would not let us correct any of our statements after we quickly answered him to help him meet his deadline." Asked in the Cuban interview, "What is the position of the JIDF on the 'Palestinian Question' regarding disputes over occupied lands", the spokesman replied, "Palestinians should be transferred out of Israeli territories. They can live in any of the other many Arab states. We are against all land concessions to our enemies. We are against the release of terrorist prisoners from Israeli prisons. ."
See also
- Public diplomacy of Israel
- Internet activism
- Internet Haganah
- HonestReporting
- Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America
References
- "About the JIDF". JIDF. October 2008. Archived from the original on 13 January 2013.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - "Gaza crisis spills onto the web". BBC News. 14 January 2009.
- Hartman, Benjamin L. (8 November 2011). "Israel's Internet intifada". Haaretz.com. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
- ^ Stephanie Rubenstein (29 July 2008). "Jewish Internet Defense Force 'seizes control' of anti-Israel Facebook group". Jerusalem: The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 3 September 2010.
- ^ Internet activist no friend of Facebook Archived 12 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine The Jewish Week
- ^ Morrison, Sarah (4 March 2008). "Jewish Activist Battles For Israel on Facebook". Israel National News.
- Morrison, Sarah (27 July 2008). "Jewish Activists Hack Anti-Semitic Facebook Group". Israel National News.
- ^ Moore, Matthew (31 July 2008). "Facebook: 'Anti-Semitic' group hijacked by Jewish force". London: The Telegraph.
- ^ Benjamin Hartman (14 November 2008). "An online battle for Israel's legitimacy". Haaretz.
- "JIDF Fights for Israel Online". Israel National News. 31 May 2010. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
- ^ Zerbisias, Antonia (3 May 2007). "Playing Politics on Facebook". The Star. Toronto.
- Social media users successfully face down Nasrallah on Facebook, Jerusalem Post, 29 July 2009
- Lungen, Paul (25 September 2008). "Anti-Israel Facebook groups infiltrated". Canadian Jewish News.
- Call for hate groups to be taken offline, The National, Dubai, 15 June 2009
- Is Facebook Changing its Tune on Holocaust Deniers?, CS Monitor, 11 May 2009
- Miller, Elan (27 August 2009). "'Facebook doesn't bar hateful content against Jews'". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 3 September 2010.
- Ryan, Josiah Daniel; Miller, Elan (27 August 2009). "'Tweet4Shalit' campaign reaches No. 2 spot in Twitter". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 3 September 2010.
- Happy Birthday for Gilad Shalit?, Israel National News, 5 August 2009
- 100 Most Influential Jewish Twitterers Archived 17 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine, JTA, 1 May 2009
- Christoph Gunkel, Antisemitismus im Web 2, Frankfurter Allgemeine FAZ.NET 14. Oktober 2008. Quotes are taken from the authorised English translation, Facebook and Google Earth: Anti-Semitism in Web 2.0 published at Zionism On The Web, seen 22 November 2008
- Must see Religion of "Peace" Photo of the day JIDF website, May 19, 2010.
- During Ramadan Celebrations, Obama Supports Ground Zero Mosque (as do the "protesters"...just not at Ground Zero) JIDF website, 14 August 2010
- ^ Lisa Respers France, Facebook urged to remove Holocaust-denial groups, CNN.com, 8 May 2009.
- ^ Cuban, Brian (29 July 2008). "Inside The Jewish Internet Defense Force". Brian Cuban. Archived from the original on 5 August 2008.
- Websites about Jews and Judaism
- Non-governmental organizations involved in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
- Media bias controversies involving Israel
- Political websites
- Israel based opposition to antisemitism
- Jewish political organizations
- Zionist organizations
- Internet-based activism
- Blogs critical of Islam
- Internet manipulation and propaganda
- Internet properties disestablished in 2020
- Defunct political advocacy groups in the United States
- Hacktivists
- Propaganda in Israel