Revision as of 05:04, 6 October 2005 editMagister Mathematicae (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users27,563 editsm Reverted edits by 68.113.223.195 to last version by 4.232.198.114← Previous edit | Latest revision as of 12:12, 25 December 2024 edit undoCitation bot (talk | contribs)Bots5,404,410 edits Add: issue, bibcode. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Grimes2 | Category:Foreign members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences | #UCB_Category 2/120 | ||
(515 intermediate revisions by more than 100 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|American chemist and Nobel Laureate (1942–2021)}} | |||
'''Robert Howard Grubbs''' (b. ] ]) is an American ] and ]. He was born in ] near Possum Trot, ] and studied Chemistry at the ] (B.S. and M.S.) and ], ], where he obtained his Ph.D. under ] in ]. | |||
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2021}} | |||
{{Infobox scientist | |||
| name = Robert H. Grubbs | |||
| birth_name = Robert Howard Grubbs | |||
| image = Robert Grubbs Royal Society.jpg | |||
| caption = Grubbs in 2018 | |||
| birth_date = {{birth date|1942|2|27|mf=y}} | |||
| birth_place = ], U.S. | |||
| death_date = {{death date and age|2021|12|19|1942|2|27|mf=y}} | |||
| death_place = ], U.S. | |||
| field = ] | |||
| work_institutions = ]<br>]<br>] | |||
| education = ] (], ])<br>] (]) | |||
| doctoral_advisor = ]<ref name="grubbsphd" /> | |||
| doctoral_students = {{Plainlist | | |||
* ]<ref>{{cite thesis |last1=Nguyen |first1=SonBinh TheBao |title=The designs, syntheses, and applications of well-defined, single component group VIII olefin metathesis catalysts |url=https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/3810/ |publisher=California Institute of Technology |access-date=December 20, 2021 |language=en |date=1995 |doi=10.7907/1BVB-S189 |type=phd |quote=Research Advisor(s): Grubbs, Robert H.}}</ref> | |||
* ]<ref>{{cite thesis |last1=Sanford |first1=Melanie Sarah |title=Synthetic and mechanistic investigations of ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts |url=https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/4706/ |publisher=California Institute of Technology |access-date=December 20, 2021 |language=en |date=2001 |doi=10.7907/Q96P-VK05 |type=phd |quote=Research Advisor(s): Grubbs, Robert H.}}</ref><ref name="WordPress Websites – Offered by LSA Technology Services 2021">{{cite web | title=People – The Sanford Group | website=WordPress Websites – Offered by LSA Technology Services | date=October 29, 2021 | url=https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/msanford-lab/people/ | access-date=December 20, 2021}}</ref> | |||
* ]<ref>{{cite thesis |last1=Swager |first1=Timothy Manning |title=Precursor Routes to Conducting Polymers from the Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Cyclic Olefins |url=https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/3126/ |publisher=California Institute of Technology |access-date=December 20, 2021 |language=en |date=1988 |doi=10.7907/KF6P-FC76 |type=phd |quote=Research Advisor(s): Grubbs, Robert H.}}</ref> | |||
}} | |||
| notable_students = ''Post-docs:'' {{plainlist| | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
}} | |||
| thesis_title = I. Cyclobutadiene Derivatives II. Studies of Cyclooctatetraene Iron Tricarbonyl Complexes | |||
| thesis_url = https://www.proquest.com/docview/302317287 | |||
| thesis_year = 1968 | |||
| known_for = Catalysts for olefin metathesis in organic synthesis | |||
| awards = {{Plainlist| | |||
* ] (2002) | |||
* ] (2003) | |||
* ] (2005) | |||
* ] (2010) | |||
* ] (2017)<ref name="frs" />}} | |||
| spouse = Helen O'Kane | |||
| website = {{URL|https://grubbsgroup.caltech.edu/}} | |||
}} | |||
'''Robert Howard Grubbs''' <small>]</small> (February 27, 1942 – December 19, 2021) was an American ] and the Victor and Elizabeth Atkins Professor of Chemistry at the ] in ].<ref name="AICGOld" /> He was a co-recipient of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on ].<ref name="PressRelease">{{cite web |title=Press Release, 5 October 2005 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/press.html |website=The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005 |publisher=NobelPrize.org |access-date=April 12, 2016}}</ref> | |||
He next spent a year with James Collman at ]. He was then appointed to the faculty of ]. In ] he moved to ] where he is presently Victor and Elizabeth Atkins Professor of Chemistry. | |||
Grubbs was elected a member of the ] in 2015 for developments in catalysts that have enabled commercial products. | |||
His main interests in ] and ] are ]s, notably ] for ] and ] with cyclic olefins such as ]. He also contributed to the development of so-called "]". | |||
He was a co-founder of Materia, a ] startup to produce ]s.<ref name="Lanxess">{{cite journal |title=Lanxess rubber employs Materia catalysts |journal=Chemical & Engineering News |date=August 21, 2006 |volume=84 |issue=34 |page=23 |url=https://cen.acs.org/articles/84/i34/Lanxess-rubber-employs-Materia-catalysts.html?type=paidArticleContent |access-date=January 9, 2018}}</ref> | |||
Professor Grubbs's many awards have included Alfred P. Sloan Fellow (1974-76), Camille and Henry Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award (1975-78), Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship (1975), ACS National Award in Organometallic Chemistry (1988), Arthur C. Cope Scholar (1990), ACS Award in polymer Chemistry (1995), Nagoya Medal of Organic Chemistry (1997), Fluka Reagent of the Year (1998), Mack Memorial Award (1999), ] in Chemistry (2000), ACS Herman F. Mark Polymer Chemistry Award (2000), ACS Herbert C. Brown Award for Creative Research in Synthetic Methods (2001) and the ] (2005). He was elected to the ] in ] and a fellowship in the ] in ]. | |||
== Early life and education == | |||
Grubbs received the 2005 ], along with ] and ], for his work in the field of ]. | |||
Grubbs was born on February 27, 1942, on a farm in ], midway between ] and ].<ref name="Jackson" /><ref name="NobelBio">{{cite web |title=Robert H. Grubbs – Biographical |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/grubbs-bio.html |website=The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005 |publisher=NobelPrize.org |access-date=April 12, 2016 |quote=In some places, my birthplace is listed as Calvert City and in others Possum Trot. I was actually born between the two, so either one really is correct.}}</ref> His parents were Howard and Faye (Atwood) Grubbs.<ref name="Jackson" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cpMzZe1INPMC&dq=Faye+Atwood+Grubbs&pg=PA159|title=History and Families, McCracken County, Kentucky, 1824–1989|date=December 22, 1989|publisher=Turner Publishing Company|isbn=9780938021360|accessdate=December 22, 2021|via=Google Books}}</ref> Faye was a schoolteacher. After serving in ], the family moved to ], where Howard trained as a diesel mechanic, and Robert attended ].<ref name="Jackson">{{cite web |title=Jackson Purchase Nobel Laureate |url=http://jacksonpurchasehistory.org/2010/12/13/jackson-purchase-nobel-laureate/ |website=Jackson Purchase Historical Society |access-date=April 12, 2016}}</ref><ref name="NobelBio" /> | |||
At the ], Grubbs initially intended to study agriculture chemistry.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nobel laureate Robert Grubbs dies at 79|url=https://cen.acs.org/people/obituaries/Nobel-laureate-Robert-Grubbs-dies/99/web/2021/12|access-date=2021-12-22|website=cen.acs.org}}</ref> However, he was convinced by professor ] to switch to organic chemistry.<ref name="Sikes" /> Working with Battiste, he became interested in how chemical reactions occur.<ref name="NobelBio" /> He received his ] in 1963 and ] in 1965 from the University of Florida.<ref name="Sikes">{{cite news |last1=Janine Young |first1=Sikes |title=A Gator wins Nobel in chemistry |url=http://www.gainesville.com/article/20051006/LOCAL/51006006 |access-date=April 14, 2016 |work=The Gainesville Sun |date=October 6, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421170934/http://www.gainesville.com/article/20051006/LOCAL/51006006 |archive-date=April 21, 2016 }}</ref><ref name="News – College of Liberal Arts & Sciences">{{cite web |first=Andrew |last=Doerfler | title=UF Mourns the Passing of Robert H. Grubbs, Nobel-Winning Alumnus | website=News – College of Liberal Arts & Sciences |date=December 20, 2021 | url=https://news.clas.ufl.edu/uf-clas-mourns-the-passing-of-robert-h-grubbs-nobel-winning-alumnus/ | access-date=22 December 2021}}</ref> | |||
Next, Grubbs attended ], where he worked with ] on organometallic compounds which contain carbon-metal bonds. Grubbs received his ] in 1968.<ref name="grubbsphd">{{cite thesis |degree=PhD |first=Robert Howard |last=Grubbs |title=I. Cyclebutadiene Derivatives II. Studies of Cyclooctatetraene Iron Tricarbonyl Complexes |publisher=Columbia University |date=1968 |id={{ProQuest|302317287}} }} {{subscription required}}</ref><ref name="NobelBio" /> | |||
== Career == | |||
Grubbs worked with ] at ] as a ] fellow during 1968–1969. With Collman, he began to systematically investigate catalytic processes in organometallic chemistry, a then relatively new area of research.<ref name="NobelBio" /> | |||
In 1969, Grubbs was appointed to the faculty of ], where he began his work on olefin metathesis. Harold Hart, Gerasimos J. Karabatsos, Gene LeGoff, Don Farnum, Bill Reusch and Pete Wagner served as his early mentors at MSU.<ref name="NobelBio" /> Grubbs was an assistant professor from 1969 to 1973, and an associate professor from 1973 to 1978.<ref name="Leadership">{{cite web |title=Robert H. Grubbs PhD " Leadership Board |url=https://www.chem.ufl.edu/about-all/directory/people/name/robert-grubbs/ |website=Department of Chemistry, University of Florida |access-date=April 14, 2016 }}</ref> He received a ] for 1974–1976.<ref name="Sloan">{{cite web |title=Nobel Laureates |url=https://sloan.org/fellowships/nobel-laureates |website=Alfred P. Sloan Foundation |access-date=April 15, 2016}}</ref> In 1975, he went to the ] in ], Germany, on a fellowship from the ].<ref name="Humboldt">{{cite web |title=Chemistry Nobel Prize for two Humboldtians |url=https://www.humboldt-foundation.de/web/33300.html |website=The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation |date=October 5, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114224227/https://www.humboldt-foundation.de/web/33300.html |archive-date=November 14, 2018 }}</ref> | |||
In 1978, Grubbs moved to ] as a professor of chemistry. As of 1990 he became the Victor and Elizabeth Atkins Professor of Chemistry.<ref name="Britannica">{{cite book |chapter=Robert H. Grubbs American chemist |title=Encyclopædia Britannica |date=April 26, 2024 |chapter-url=http://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-H-Grubbs}}</ref><ref name="scalacs" /> | |||
{{As of|2021}}, Grubbs has an ] of 160 according to ]<ref>{{Google Scholar id}}</ref> and of 137 according to ].<ref>{{Scopus id|36047111100}}</ref> | |||
=== Commercial activities === | |||
Both first and second generation Grubbs catalysts were commercially available from Materia, a startup company that Grubbs co-founded with Mike Giardello in ], in 1998.<ref name="Notman" /><ref name="Ingredient">{{cite web|title=Industry's Secret Ingredient|url=https://innovation.caltech.edu/content/industrys-secret-ingredient|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910110435/https://innovation.caltech.edu/content/industrys-secret-ingredient|archive-date=September 10, 2015|access-date=April 17, 2014|website=Caltech News}}</ref><ref name="Innovation">{{cite web|title=Leading Innovation in Catalysis|url=http://www.materia-inc.com/technology/olefin-metathesis|access-date=April 15, 2016|website=Materia}}</ref> Materia has been able to obtain exclusive rights to manufacture many of the known olefin catalysts.<ref name="MateriaTimeline">{{cite web|title=The History of Materia|url=http://www.materia-inc.com/corporate/about/history|access-date=April 15, 2016|website=Materia}}</ref> Under Giardello, Materia was able to sell their catalysts through ]{{'}}s chemicals catalogue. Sigma-Aldrich became their exclusive worldwide provider.<ref name="Ingredient" /><ref name="BusinessWire">{{cite news|date=August 18, 2003|title=Materia and Sigma-Aldrich Announce Exclusive Distribution Deal for Grubbs' Metathesis Catalysts|work=Business Wire|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20030818005374/en/Materia-Sigma-Aldrich-Announce-Exclusive-Distribution-Deal-Grubbs|access-date=April 15, 2016}}</ref> In 2008, Materia partnered with ] to form Elevance Renewable Sciences to produce specialty chemicals from renewable oils,<ref name="Tullo">{{cite journal|last1=Tullo|first1=Alexander H.|date=March 31, 2008|title=Cargill, Materia Launch New Firm Elevance will make specialty chemicals from vegetable oils|url=http://cen.acs.org/articles/86/i13/Cargill-Materia-Launch-New-Firm.html|journal=Chemical & Engineering News|volume=86|page=6|doi=10.1021/cen-v086n013.p006|number=13}}</ref> including ].<ref name="Kotrba">{{cite news|last1=Kotrba|first1=Ron|date=March 23, 2010|title=Newton plant to become biorefinery showcase|work=Biodiesel Magazine|url=http://www.biodieselmagazine.com/articles/4091/newton-plant-to-become-biorefinery-showcase|access-date=April 15, 2016}}</ref> In 2017, Materia sold its catalyst business to ].<ref name="Umicore">{{cite web|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=December 20, 2017|title=Materia, Inc. Sells Catalyst Business to Umicore|url=http://www.materia-inc.com/media/news/materia-inc.-sells-catalyst-business-to-umicore|access-date=June 10, 2021|website=Materia}}</ref> In 2021, Materia was acquired by ].<ref>{{Cite web|title=ExxonMobil acquires Materia, Inc., a high-performance structural polymers company|url=https://corporate.exxonmobil.com:443/News/Newsroom/News-releases/2021/1207_ExxonMobil-Acquires-Materia-Inc-a-High-Performance-Structural-Polymers-Company|access-date=December 18, 2021|website=ExxonMobil|language=en}}</ref> | |||
Grubbs was a member of the Reliance Innovation Council formed by ], India.<ref name="Telecom">{{cite web|title=Reliance Innovation Council (2007–2017) – Raghunath Mashelkar – Mukesh Ambani – Jean-Marie Lehn – Robert Grubbs – George Whitesides – Gary Hamel – William Haseltine|url=https://www.ril.com/Innovation-R-D/Innovation.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216034937/https://www.ril.com/Innovation-R-D/Innovation.aspx|archive-date=December 16, 2021|access-date=December 20, 2021|website=Reliance Industries Limited}}</ref> | |||
Grubbs was a member of the ]'s advisory board.<ref name="USAFest">{{cite web|title=Nobel Laureates|url=http://www.usasciencefestival.org/about/advisors|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100421005310/http://www.usasciencefestival.org/about/advisors/|archive-date=April 21, 2010|access-date=April 12, 2016|website=USA Science & Engineering Festival}}</ref> | |||
== Research == | |||
Grubbs's main research interests were in ] and ], particularly the development of novel catalysts for ]. In olefin metathesis, a catalyst is used to break the bonds of carbon molecules, which can then re-form to create chemical bonds in new ways, producing new compounds with unique properties.<ref name="Sikes" /><ref name="Miree-Luke">{{cite news |last1=Miree-Luke |first1=Lisa |title=Axalta's Distinguished Lecture Series at the University of Pennsylvania Features Presentation on Methathesis Polymerization |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20151008005945/en/Axalta%E2%80%99s-Distinguished-Lecture-Series-University-Pennsylvania-Features |access-date=April 14, 2016 |work=Business Wire |date=October 8, 2015}}</ref> The basic technique can be used for creation of polymers, pharmaceuticals and petrochemicals<ref name="Pearson" /> and has broad applications in areas including ], ], agriculture, and plastics.<ref name="Sikes" /> | |||
Grubbs was instrumental in developing a family of ] catalysts, including ] for ].<ref name="Singh" /> He studied olefin transformations for ] (RCM),<ref name="NobelLecture">{{cite journal |last1=Grubbs |first1=Robert H. |title=Olefin-Metathesis Catalysts for the Preparation of Molecules and Materials (Nobel Lecture) |journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition |year=2006 |volume=45 |issue=23 |pages=3760–3765 |doi=10.1002/anie.200600680 |pmid=16724297}}</ref> cross-metathesis reaction (CMR),<ref name="Selectivity">{{cite journal |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Arnab K. |last2=Choi |first2=Tae-Lim |last3=Sanders |first3=Daniel P. |last4=Grubbs |first4=Robert H. |title=A General Model for Selectivity in Olefin Cross Metathesis |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |date=September 2003 |volume=125 |issue=37 |pages=11360–11370 |doi=10.1021/ja0214882 |pmid=16220959 |bibcode=2003JAChS.12511360C |url=http://medchem.rutgers.edu/mc504/pdfs/CM.pdf |access-date=April 14, 2016}}</ref> and ] (ROMP) with cyclic olefins such as ].<ref name="Nguyen">{{cite journal |last1=Nguyen |first1=SonBinh T. |last2=Johnson |first2=Lynda K. |last3=Grubbs |first3=Robert H. |last4=Ziller |first4=Joseph W. |title=Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene by a Group VIII carbene complex in protic media |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |date=May 1992 |volume=114 |issue=10 |pages=3974–3975 |doi=10.1021/ja00036a053 |bibcode=1992JAChS.114.3974N |url=https://authors.library.caltech.edu/88217/2/ja00036a053_si_001.pdf }}</ref> He also contributed to the development of "]", in which the termination ability of a polymerization reaction is removed. The polymer will continue to replicate until a quenching agent is presented.<ref name="Schrock">{{cite journal |last1=Schrock |first1=R. R. |last2=Feldman |first2=J. |last3=Cannizzo |first3=L. F. |last4=Grubbs |first4=R. H. |title=Ring-opening polymerization of norbornene by a living tungsten alkylidene complex |journal=Macromolecules |date=September 1987 |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=1169–1172 |doi=10.1021/ma00171a053 |bibcode=1987MaMol..20.1169S }}</ref> | |||
The Grubbs group successfully polymerized the 7-oxo norbornene derivative using ], osmium trichloride as well as tungsten alkylidenes.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Novak |first1=Bruce M. |last2=Grubbs |first2=Robert H. |title=The ring opening metathesis polymerization of 7-oxabicyclohept-5-ene derivatives: a new acyclic polymeric ionophore |journal=] | volume=110 |issue=3 |pages=960–961 |year=1988 |doi=10.1021/ja00211a043|bibcode=1988JAChS.110..960N }}</ref> They identified a Ru(II) carbene as an effective metal center and in 1992 published the first well-defined, ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalyst, (PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>Ru=CHCH=CPh<sub>2</sub>.<ref name="Nguyen" /> | |||
:] | |||
The corresponding ] complex (PCy<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>Ru=CHCH=CPh<sub>2</sub> was also shown to be active.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nguyen |first1=Sonbinh T. |last2=Grubbs |first2=Robert H. |last3=Ziller |first3=Joseph W. |title=Syntheses and activities of new single-component, ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts |journal=] | volume=115 |issue=21 |pages=9858–9859 |year=1993 |doi=10.1021/ja00074a086|bibcode=1993JAChS.115.9858N }}</ref> This work culminated in the now commercially available first-generation ] in 1995.<ref name="Notman">{{cite news |last1=Notman |first1=Nina |title=Grubbs catalyst |url=http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/2015/01/grubbs-catalyst-olefin-metathesis-podcast |access-date=April 15, 2016 |work=Chemistry World |date=January 28, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schwab |first1=Peter |last2=France |first2=Marcia B. |last3=Ziller |first3=Joseph W. |last4=Grubbs |first4=Robert H. |title=A Series of Well-Defined Metathesis Catalysts–Synthesis of and Its Reactions |journal=] | volume=34 |pages=2039–2041 |year=1995 |doi=10.1002/anie.199520391 |issue=18}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schwab |first1=Peter |last2=Grubbs |first2=Robert H. |last3=Ziller |first3=Joseph W. |title=Synthesis and Applications of RuCl<sub>2</sub>(=CHR')(PR<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>: The Influence of the Alkylidene Moiety on Metathesis Activity |journal=] | volume=118 |pages=100–110 |year=1996 |issue=1 |doi=10.1021/ja952676d|bibcode=1996JAChS.118..100S }}</ref> Second generation catalysts were developed as well.<ref name="Astruc" /><ref name="Wilson">{{cite journal |last1=Wilson |first1=Gerald O. |last2=Porter |first2=Keith A. |last3=Weissman |first3=Haim |last4=White |first4=Scott R. |last5=Sottos |first5=Nancy R. |last6=Moore |first6=Jeffrey S. |title=Stability of Second Generation Grubbs' Alkylidenes to Primary Amines: Formation of Novel Ruthenium-Amine Complexes |journal=Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis |date=August 14, 2009 |volume=351 |issue=11–12 |pages=1817–1825 |doi=10.1002/adsc.200900134}}</ref> | |||
Ruthenium is stable in air and has higher selectivity and lower reactivity than ], the most promising of the previously discovered catalysts. In addition, Grubbs took a ] approach to catalysis that reduced the potential to create hazardous waste. The ] has become a standard for general metathesis applications in ordinary laboratories.<ref name="AICGOld" /><ref name="Singh">{{cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=Okram Mukherjee |title=Metathesis catalysts: Historical perspective, recent developments and practical applications |journal=Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research |date=2006 |volume=65 |issue=December |pages=957–965 |url=http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/4987/1/JSIR%2065%2812%29%20957-965.pdf |access-date=April 12, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Astruc">{{cite journal |last1=Astruc |first1=Didier |title=The metathesis reactions: from a historical perspective to recent developments |journal=New Journal of Chemistry |date=2005 |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=42 |doi=10.1039/b412198h |url=http://astruc.didier.free.fr/doc%20astruc/Metathese-NJC-2005-29-Astruc-p42-56.pdf |access-date=April 12, 2016 |archive-date=June 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616011525/http://astruc.didier.free.fr/doc%20astruc/Metathese-NJC-2005-29-Astruc-p42-56.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
By controlling the catalyst used, it became possible to synthesize polymers with specialized structures and functional capabilities, including cyclic olefins, alternating copolymers, and multiblock copolymers.<ref name="Miree-Luke" /> Using catalysts allows chemists to speed up chemical transformations and to lower the cost of what were previously complicated multi-step industrial processes.<ref name="Ingredient" /> | |||
== Personal life == | |||
While at Columbia University, Grubbs also met his future wife, Helen O'Kane, a special-education teacher, with whom he had three children: Barney (born 1972), Brendan H. (born 1974) and Kathleen (Katy) (born 1977).<ref name="NobelBio" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/news/05/10/robertGrubbs_nobel.html |title=Columbia News ::: Alumnus Robert Grubbs Wins Nobel Prize in Chemistry |website=www.columbia.edu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301132207/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/news/05/10/robertGrubbs_nobel.html |access-date=July 21, 2016|archive-date=March 1, 2017 }}</ref><ref name = NYT /> | |||
Grubbs died from a heart attack at the ] in ], on December 19, 2021, at age 79.<ref>{{cite news |title=Caltech Mourns the Loss of Nobel Laureate Robert H. Grubbs |url=https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/caltech-mourns-the-loss-of-nobel-laureate-robert-h-grubbs |access-date=December 19, 2021 |publisher=Caltech |date=December 19, 2021}}</ref><ref name = NYT>{{cite news|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/24/science/robert-h-grubbs-dead.html|title = Robert H. Grubbs, 79, Dies; Chemistry Breakthrough Led to a Nobel|work = ]|date = December 24, 2021|accessdate = December 24, 2021|url-access = limited|last = McClain|first = Dylan Loeb}}</ref> At the time of his death, he was being treated for ].<ref name = NYT/> | |||
== Awards and honors == | |||
Grubbs received the 2005 ], along with ] and ], for his work in the field of olefin metathesis.<ref name="PressRelease" /><ref name="NobelFacts">{{cite web |title=Robert H. Grubbs – Facts |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/grubbs-facts.html |website=The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005 |publisher=NobelPrize.org |access-date=April 15, 2016}}</ref> He has received a number of other awards and honors, including the following: | |||
] | |||
{{div col|colwidth=35em}} | |||
* 1989: ]<ref name="NASMembers">{{cite web |title=National Academy of Sciences Members |url=https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/robert-h-grubbs-wins-national-award-american-chemical-society-54744 |website=Caltech |access-date=April 15, 2016}}</ref> | |||
* 1994: ]<ref name="American Academy of Arts & Sciences 2021">{{cite web | title=Robert H. Grubbs | website=American Academy of Arts & Sciences | date=November 18, 2021 | url=https://www.amacad.org/person/robert-h-grubbs | access-date=December 20, 2021}}</ref> | |||
* 2000: ] in Chemistry from the ]<ref name="Franklin">{{cite web |title=Robert H. Grubbs |url=https://www.fi.edu/laureates/robert-h-grubbs |website=The Franklin Institute |access-date=April 14, 2016|date=January 10, 2014 }}</ref> | |||
* 2000: ACS Herman F. Mark Polymer Chemistry Award<ref name="Mark">{{cite web |title=Herman F. Mark Award 2000 |url=http://www.polyacs.org/271.html |website=Division of Polymer Chemistry, Inc. of the American Chemical Society |access-date=April 14, 2016 |archive-date=March 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315151551/http://www.polyacs.org/271.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
* 2001: ACS Herbert C. Brown Award for Creative Research in Synthetic Methods<ref name="Pearson">{{cite news |last1=Pearson |first1=Rodney |title=South Pasadena chemist wins national award for designing new catalysts |url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2001-04/ACS-SPcw-0304101.php |access-date=April 14, 2016 |work=EurekaAlert |date=April 3, 2001 |archive-date=April 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415013720/http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2001-04/ACS-SPcw-0304101.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
* 2002: ]<ref name="scalacs">{{cite web |title=2002 Robert H. Grubbs, Caltech |url=http://scalacs.org/?page_id=1089 |website=Southern California Section of the American Chemical Society |access-date=April 12, 2016|date=July 20, 2012 }}</ref> | |||
* 2002: ]<ref name="EurekAlert!">{{cite web | title=Pasadena chemist wins national award for cata | website=EurekAlert! | url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/625149 | access-date=December 20, 2021}}</ref><ref name="Cope">{{cite web |title=Arthur C. Cope Award |url=http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/funding-and-awards/awards/national/bytopic/arthur-c-cope-award.html |access-date=April 12, 2016 |publisher=American Chemical Society |website=ACS Chemistry for Life}}</ref> | |||
* 2003: ] for Creativity in Organic Chemistry & BioMedicinal Chemistry (with ])<ref name="Tetrahedron">{{cite web |title=Tetrahedron Prize for Creativity |url=https://www.elsevier.com/awards/global/tetrahedron-prize-for-creativity |website=Elsevier B.V. |access-date=April 12, 2016}}</ref> | |||
* 2005: ] (with ] and ])<ref name="PressRelease" /> | |||
* 2005: Honorary ]<ref name="RSCMembers">{{cite web |title=Members Grubbs |url=https://royalsociety.org/people/robert-grubbs-13392/ |website=rsc.org |publisher=] | access-date=April 15, 2016}}</ref> | |||
* 2005: ]<ref name="Karrer">{{cite web |title=Robert H. Grubbs 31st Paul Karrer Lecture 2005 |url=http://www.chem.uzh.ch/en/events/KarrerLecture/ListOfRecipients/RobertGrubbs.html |access-date=April 12, 2016 |website=University of Zurich |archive-date=April 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423154812/http://www.chem.uzh.ch/en/events/KarrerLecture/ListOfRecipients/RobertGrubbs.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
* 2006: Golden Plate Award of the ]<ref>{{cite web|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |website=www.achievement.org|publisher=]|url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#science-exploration}}</ref> | |||
* 2009: ] of the ]<ref name="ACSFellows">{{cite web |title=2009 ACS Fellows |url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/funding-and-awards/fellows/list-of-2009-acs-fellows.html |website=American Chemical Society |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224231509/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/funding-and-awards/fellows/list-of-2009-acs-fellows.html |access-date=April 15, 2016|archive-date=February 24, 2019 }}</ref> | |||
* 2010: ]<ref name="AICGOld">{{cite web |title=American Institute of Chemists Gold Medal |url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/american-institute-of-chemists-gold-medal |publisher=] | date=March 22, 2018}}</ref> | |||
* 2015: Inducted into the Florida Inventors Hall of Fame<ref name="FloridaInventors">{{cite web |title=2015 Inductees: Robert Howard Grubbs |url=http://www.floridainvents.org/robert-grubbs/ |website=Florida Inventors Hall of Fame |date=September 28, 2015 |access-date=April 14, 2016}}</ref> | |||
* 2013: ]<ref name="NAIFellows">{{cite web |title=Current NAI Fellows |url=http://www.academyofinventors.org/search-fellows.asp?qFellows=G&Qa=%&qSort=FASC |website=National Academy of Inventors |access-date=April 15, 2016}}</ref> | |||
* 2015: ]<ref name="NAE">{{cite web |title=Professor Robert Howard Grubbs |url=http://www.nae.edu/130206.aspx |website=National Academy of Engineering |access-date=April 12, 2016}}</ref> | |||
* 2015: ] (foreign academician)<ref name="Academicians">{{cite journal |title=New Academicians and Foreign Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences |journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition |date=February 2016 |volume=55 |issue=8 |pages=2633–2634 |doi=10.1002/anie.201511637 }}</ref><ref name="CASAD">{{cite web |title=12 Famous Scientists Elected 2015 CAS Foreign Members |url=http://english.casad.cas.cn/bb/201601/t20160118_158870.html |website=CASAD |access-date=April 12, 2016}}</ref> | |||
* 2017: ]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Linda |url=https://cen.acs.org/articles/95/i7/Robert-Grubbs-wins-Remsen-Award.html |title=Robert Grubbs wins Remsen Award |journal=] |publisher=American Chemical Society |volume=59 |issue=7 |access-date=December 20, 2021 |date=February 13, 2017}}</ref> | |||
* 2017: ]<ref name="frs">{{cite web |url=https://royalsociety.org/people/robert-grubbs-13392/ |website=royalsociety.org |location=London |author=Anon |year=2017 |publisher=] | title=Professor Robert Grubbs ForMemRS}}</ref> | |||
{{div col end}} | |||
==Publications== | |||
* {{cite book | last=Grubbs | first=Robert | title=Handbook of Metathesis | publisher=Wiley-VCH John Wiley distributor | publication-place=Weinheim, Germany; Chichester, England | year=2003 | isbn=978-3-527-30616-9 | oclc=52485738}} | |||
== References == | |||
{{Reflist}} | |||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
* {{cite web |title=Press Release, 5 October 2005 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/press.html |website=The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005 |publisher=NobelPrize.org}} | |||
* | |||
* {{Nobelprize}} | |||
* | |||
* | |||
{{Nobel Prize in Chemistry Laureates 2001–2025}} | |||
* | |||
{{2005 Nobel Prize winners}} | |||
* | |||
{{FRS 2017}} | |||
] | |||
] | |||
{{Authority control}} | |||
{{chemist-stub}} | |||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Grubbs, Robert Howard}} | |||
] | ] | ||
] | ] | ||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] |
Latest revision as of 12:12, 25 December 2024
American chemist and Nobel Laureate (1942–2021)
Robert H. Grubbs | |
---|---|
Grubbs in 2018 | |
Born | Robert Howard Grubbs (1942-02-27)February 27, 1942 Marshall County, Kentucky, U.S. |
Died | December 19, 2021(2021-12-19) (aged 79) Duarte, California, U.S. |
Education | University of Florida (BS, MS) Columbia University (PhD) |
Known for | Catalysts for olefin metathesis in organic synthesis |
Spouse | Helen O'Kane |
Awards |
|
Scientific career | |
Fields | Organic chemistry |
Institutions | Stanford University Michigan State University California Institute of Technology |
Thesis | I. Cyclobutadiene Derivatives II. Studies of Cyclooctatetraene Iron Tricarbonyl Complexes (1968) |
Doctoral advisor | Ronald Breslow |
Doctoral students | |
Other notable students | Post-docs: |
Website | grubbsgroup |
Robert Howard Grubbs ForMemRS (February 27, 1942 – December 19, 2021) was an American chemist and the Victor and Elizabeth Atkins Professor of Chemistry at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California. He was a co-recipient of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on olefin metathesis.
Grubbs was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2015 for developments in catalysts that have enabled commercial products.
He was a co-founder of Materia, a university spin-off startup to produce catalysts.
Early life and education
Grubbs was born on February 27, 1942, on a farm in Marshall County, Kentucky, midway between Possum Trot and Calvert City. His parents were Howard and Faye (Atwood) Grubbs. Faye was a schoolteacher. After serving in World War II, the family moved to Paducah, Kentucky, where Howard trained as a diesel mechanic, and Robert attended Paducah Tilghman High School.
At the University of Florida, Grubbs initially intended to study agriculture chemistry. However, he was convinced by professor Merle A. Battiste to switch to organic chemistry. Working with Battiste, he became interested in how chemical reactions occur. He received his B.S. in 1963 and M.S. in 1965 from the University of Florida.
Next, Grubbs attended Columbia University, where he worked with Ronald Breslow on organometallic compounds which contain carbon-metal bonds. Grubbs received his Ph.D. in 1968.
Career
Grubbs worked with James Collman at Stanford University as a National Institutes of Health fellow during 1968–1969. With Collman, he began to systematically investigate catalytic processes in organometallic chemistry, a then relatively new area of research.
In 1969, Grubbs was appointed to the faculty of Michigan State University, where he began his work on olefin metathesis. Harold Hart, Gerasimos J. Karabatsos, Gene LeGoff, Don Farnum, Bill Reusch and Pete Wagner served as his early mentors at MSU. Grubbs was an assistant professor from 1969 to 1973, and an associate professor from 1973 to 1978. He received a Sloan Fellowship for 1974–1976. In 1975, he went to the Max Planck Institute for Coal Research in Mülheim, Germany, on a fellowship from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.
In 1978, Grubbs moved to California Institute of Technology as a professor of chemistry. As of 1990 he became the Victor and Elizabeth Atkins Professor of Chemistry.
As of 2021, Grubbs has an h-index of 160 according to Google Scholar and of 137 according to Scopus.
Commercial activities
Both first and second generation Grubbs catalysts were commercially available from Materia, a startup company that Grubbs co-founded with Mike Giardello in Pasadena, California, in 1998. Materia has been able to obtain exclusive rights to manufacture many of the known olefin catalysts. Under Giardello, Materia was able to sell their catalysts through Sigma-Aldrich's chemicals catalogue. Sigma-Aldrich became their exclusive worldwide provider. In 2008, Materia partnered with Cargill to form Elevance Renewable Sciences to produce specialty chemicals from renewable oils, including biofuels. In 2017, Materia sold its catalyst business to Umicore. In 2021, Materia was acquired by ExxonMobil.
Grubbs was a member of the Reliance Innovation Council formed by Reliance Industries Limited, India.
Grubbs was a member of the USA Science and Engineering Festival's advisory board.
Research
Grubbs's main research interests were in organometallic chemistry and synthetic chemistry, particularly the development of novel catalysts for olefin metathesis. In olefin metathesis, a catalyst is used to break the bonds of carbon molecules, which can then re-form to create chemical bonds in new ways, producing new compounds with unique properties. The basic technique can be used for creation of polymers, pharmaceuticals and petrochemicals and has broad applications in areas including pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, agriculture, and plastics.
Grubbs was instrumental in developing a family of ruthenium catalysts, including Grubbs catalyst for olefin metathesis. He studied olefin transformations for ring-closing metathesis (RCM), cross-metathesis reaction (CMR), and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) with cyclic olefins such as norbornene. He also contributed to the development of "living polymerization", in which the termination ability of a polymerization reaction is removed. The polymer will continue to replicate until a quenching agent is presented.
The Grubbs group successfully polymerized the 7-oxo norbornene derivative using ruthenium trichloride, osmium trichloride as well as tungsten alkylidenes. They identified a Ru(II) carbene as an effective metal center and in 1992 published the first well-defined, ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalyst, (PPh3)2Cl2Ru=CHCH=CPh2.
The corresponding tricyclohexylphosphine complex (PCy3)2Cl2Ru=CHCH=CPh2 was also shown to be active. This work culminated in the now commercially available first-generation Grubbs catalyst in 1995. Second generation catalysts were developed as well.
Ruthenium is stable in air and has higher selectivity and lower reactivity than molybdenum, the most promising of the previously discovered catalysts. In addition, Grubbs took a green chemistry approach to catalysis that reduced the potential to create hazardous waste. The Grubbs catalyst has become a standard for general metathesis applications in ordinary laboratories.
By controlling the catalyst used, it became possible to synthesize polymers with specialized structures and functional capabilities, including cyclic olefins, alternating copolymers, and multiblock copolymers. Using catalysts allows chemists to speed up chemical transformations and to lower the cost of what were previously complicated multi-step industrial processes.
Personal life
While at Columbia University, Grubbs also met his future wife, Helen O'Kane, a special-education teacher, with whom he had three children: Barney (born 1972), Brendan H. (born 1974) and Kathleen (Katy) (born 1977).
Grubbs died from a heart attack at the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center in Duarte, California, on December 19, 2021, at age 79. At the time of his death, he was being treated for lymphoma.
Awards and honors
Grubbs received the 2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, along with Richard R. Schrock and Yves Chauvin, for his work in the field of olefin metathesis. He has received a number of other awards and honors, including the following:
- 1989: National Academy of Sciences
- 1994: American Academy of Arts and Sciences
- 2000: Benjamin Franklin Medal in Chemistry from the Franklin Institute
- 2000: ACS Herman F. Mark Polymer Chemistry Award
- 2001: ACS Herbert C. Brown Award for Creative Research in Synthetic Methods
- 2002: Tolman Medal
- 2002: Arthur C. Cope Award
- 2003: Tetrahedron Prize for Creativity in Organic Chemistry & BioMedicinal Chemistry (with Dieter Seebach)
- 2005: Nobel Prize in Chemistry (with Richard R. Schrock and Yves Chauvin)
- 2005: Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry
- 2005: Paul Karrer Gold Medal
- 2006: Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement
- 2009: Fellow of the American Chemical Society
- 2010: American Institute of Chemists Gold Medal
- 2015: Inducted into the Florida Inventors Hall of Fame
- 2013: National Academy of Inventors
- 2015: National Academy of Engineering
- 2015: Chinese Academy of Sciences (foreign academician)
- 2017: Ira Remsen Award
- 2017: Elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society
Publications
- Grubbs, Robert (2003). Handbook of Metathesis. Weinheim, Germany; Chichester, England: Wiley-VCH John Wiley distributor. ISBN 978-3-527-30616-9. OCLC 52485738.
References
- ^ Anon (2017). "Professor Robert Grubbs ForMemRS". royalsociety.org. London: Royal Society.
- ^ Grubbs, Robert Howard (1968). I. Cyclebutadiene Derivatives II. Studies of Cyclooctatetraene Iron Tricarbonyl Complexes (PhD thesis). Columbia University. ProQuest 302317287. (subscription required)
- Nguyen, SonBinh TheBao (1995). The designs, syntheses, and applications of well-defined, single component group VIII olefin metathesis catalysts (phd). California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/1BVB-S189. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
Research Advisor(s): Grubbs, Robert H.
- Sanford, Melanie Sarah (2001). Synthetic and mechanistic investigations of ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts (phd). California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/Q96P-VK05. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
Research Advisor(s): Grubbs, Robert H.
- "People – The Sanford Group". WordPress Websites – Offered by LSA Technology Services. October 29, 2021. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
- Swager, Timothy Manning (1988). Precursor Routes to Conducting Polymers from the Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Cyclic Olefins (phd). California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/KF6P-FC76. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
Research Advisor(s): Grubbs, Robert H.
- ^ "American Institute of Chemists Gold Medal". Science History Institute. March 22, 2018.
- ^ "Press Release, 5 October 2005". The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005. NobelPrize.org. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
- "Lanxess rubber employs Materia catalysts". Chemical & Engineering News. 84 (34): 23. August 21, 2006. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
- ^ "Jackson Purchase Nobel Laureate". Jackson Purchase Historical Society. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
- ^ "Robert H. Grubbs – Biographical". The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005. NobelPrize.org. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
In some places, my birthplace is listed as Calvert City and in others Possum Trot. I was actually born between the two, so either one really is correct.
- History and Families, McCracken County, Kentucky, 1824–1989. Turner Publishing Company. December 22, 1989. ISBN 9780938021360. Retrieved December 22, 2021 – via Google Books.
- "Nobel laureate Robert Grubbs dies at 79". cen.acs.org. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
- ^ Janine Young, Sikes (October 6, 2005). "A Gator wins Nobel in chemistry". The Gainesville Sun. Archived from the original on April 21, 2016. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
- Doerfler, Andrew (December 20, 2021). "UF Mourns the Passing of Robert H. Grubbs, Nobel-Winning Alumnus". News – College of Liberal Arts & Sciences. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
- "Robert H. Grubbs PhD " Leadership Board". Department of Chemistry, University of Florida. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
- "Nobel Laureates". Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
- "Chemistry Nobel Prize for two Humboldtians". The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. October 5, 2005. Archived from the original on November 14, 2018.
- "Robert H. Grubbs American chemist". Encyclopædia Britannica. April 26, 2024.
- ^ "2002 Robert H. Grubbs, Caltech". Southern California Section of the American Chemical Society. July 20, 2012. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
- Robert H. Grubbs publications indexed by Google Scholar
- Robert H. Grubbs publications indexed by the Scopus bibliographic database. (subscription required)
- ^ Notman, Nina (January 28, 2015). "Grubbs catalyst". Chemistry World. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
- ^ "Industry's Secret Ingredient". Caltech News. Archived from the original on September 10, 2015. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
- "Leading Innovation in Catalysis". Materia. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
- "The History of Materia". Materia. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
- "Materia and Sigma-Aldrich Announce Exclusive Distribution Deal for Grubbs' Metathesis Catalysts". Business Wire. August 18, 2003. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
- Tullo, Alexander H. (March 31, 2008). "Cargill, Materia Launch New Firm Elevance will make specialty chemicals from vegetable oils". Chemical & Engineering News. 86 (13): 6. doi:10.1021/cen-v086n013.p006.
- Kotrba, Ron (March 23, 2010). "Newton plant to become biorefinery showcase". Biodiesel Magazine. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
- "Materia, Inc. Sells Catalyst Business to Umicore". Materia. December 20, 2017. Retrieved June 10, 2021.
- "ExxonMobil acquires Materia, Inc., a high-performance structural polymers company". ExxonMobil. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
- "Reliance Innovation Council (2007–2017) – Raghunath Mashelkar – Mukesh Ambani – Jean-Marie Lehn – Robert Grubbs – George Whitesides – Gary Hamel – William Haseltine". Reliance Industries Limited. Archived from the original on December 16, 2021. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
- "Nobel Laureates". USA Science & Engineering Festival. Archived from the original on April 21, 2010. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
- ^ Miree-Luke, Lisa (October 8, 2015). "Axalta's Distinguished Lecture Series at the University of Pennsylvania Features Presentation on Methathesis Polymerization". Business Wire. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
- ^ Pearson, Rodney (April 3, 2001). "South Pasadena chemist wins national award for designing new catalysts". EurekaAlert. Archived from the original on April 15, 2016. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
- ^ Singh, Okram Mukherjee (2006). "Metathesis catalysts: Historical perspective, recent developments and practical applications" (PDF). Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research. 65 (December): 957–965. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
- Grubbs, Robert H. (2006). "Olefin-Metathesis Catalysts for the Preparation of Molecules and Materials (Nobel Lecture)". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 45 (23): 3760–3765. doi:10.1002/anie.200600680. PMID 16724297.
- Chatterjee, Arnab K.; Choi, Tae-Lim; Sanders, Daniel P.; Grubbs, Robert H. (September 2003). "A General Model for Selectivity in Olefin Cross Metathesis" (PDF). Journal of the American Chemical Society. 125 (37): 11360–11370. Bibcode:2003JAChS.12511360C. doi:10.1021/ja0214882. PMID 16220959. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
- ^ Nguyen, SonBinh T.; Johnson, Lynda K.; Grubbs, Robert H.; Ziller, Joseph W. (May 1992). "Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene by a Group VIII carbene complex in protic media" (PDF). Journal of the American Chemical Society. 114 (10): 3974–3975. Bibcode:1992JAChS.114.3974N. doi:10.1021/ja00036a053.
- Schrock, R. R.; Feldman, J.; Cannizzo, L. F.; Grubbs, R. H. (September 1987). "Ring-opening polymerization of norbornene by a living tungsten alkylidene complex". Macromolecules. 20 (5): 1169–1172. Bibcode:1987MaMol..20.1169S. doi:10.1021/ma00171a053.
- Novak, Bruce M.; Grubbs, Robert H. (1988). "The ring opening metathesis polymerization of 7-oxabicyclohept-5-ene derivatives: a new acyclic polymeric ionophore". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 110 (3): 960–961. Bibcode:1988JAChS.110..960N. doi:10.1021/ja00211a043.
- Nguyen, Sonbinh T.; Grubbs, Robert H.; Ziller, Joseph W. (1993). "Syntheses and activities of new single-component, ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 115 (21): 9858–9859. Bibcode:1993JAChS.115.9858N. doi:10.1021/ja00074a086.
- Schwab, Peter; France, Marcia B.; Ziller, Joseph W.; Grubbs, Robert H. (1995). "A Series of Well-Defined Metathesis Catalysts–Synthesis of and Its Reactions". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 34 (18): 2039–2041. doi:10.1002/anie.199520391.
- Schwab, Peter; Grubbs, Robert H.; Ziller, Joseph W. (1996). "Synthesis and Applications of RuCl2(=CHR')(PR3)2: The Influence of the Alkylidene Moiety on Metathesis Activity". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 118 (1): 100–110. Bibcode:1996JAChS.118..100S. doi:10.1021/ja952676d.
- ^ Astruc, Didier (2005). "The metathesis reactions: from a historical perspective to recent developments" (PDF). New Journal of Chemistry. 29 (1): 42. doi:10.1039/b412198h. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 16, 2016. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
- Wilson, Gerald O.; Porter, Keith A.; Weissman, Haim; White, Scott R.; Sottos, Nancy R.; Moore, Jeffrey S. (August 14, 2009). "Stability of Second Generation Grubbs' Alkylidenes to Primary Amines: Formation of Novel Ruthenium-Amine Complexes". Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis. 351 (11–12): 1817–1825. doi:10.1002/adsc.200900134.
- "Columbia News ::: Alumnus Robert Grubbs Wins Nobel Prize in Chemistry". www.columbia.edu. Archived from the original on March 1, 2017. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
- ^ McClain, Dylan Loeb (December 24, 2021). "Robert H. Grubbs, 79, Dies; Chemistry Breakthrough Led to a Nobel". The New York Times. Retrieved December 24, 2021.
- "Caltech Mourns the Loss of Nobel Laureate Robert H. Grubbs". Caltech. December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.
- "Robert H. Grubbs – Facts". The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005. NobelPrize.org. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
- "National Academy of Sciences Members". Caltech. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
- "Robert H. Grubbs". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. November 18, 2021. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
- "Robert H. Grubbs". The Franklin Institute. January 10, 2014. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
- "Herman F. Mark Award 2000". Division of Polymer Chemistry, Inc. of the American Chemical Society. Archived from the original on March 15, 2016. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
- "Pasadena chemist wins national award for cata". EurekAlert!. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
- "Arthur C. Cope Award". ACS Chemistry for Life. American Chemical Society. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
- "Tetrahedron Prize for Creativity". Elsevier B.V. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
- "Members Grubbs". rsc.org. Royal Society of Chemistry. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
- "Robert H. Grubbs 31st Paul Karrer Lecture 2005". University of Zurich. Archived from the original on April 23, 2016. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
- "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
- "2009 ACS Fellows". American Chemical Society. Archived from the original on February 24, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
- "2015 Inductees: Robert Howard Grubbs". Florida Inventors Hall of Fame. September 28, 2015. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
- "Current NAI Fellows". National Academy of Inventors. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
- "Professor Robert Howard Grubbs". National Academy of Engineering. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
- "New Academicians and Foreign Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 55 (8): 2633–2634. February 2016. doi:10.1002/anie.201511637.
- "12 Famous Scientists Elected 2015 CAS Foreign Members". CASAD. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
- Wang, Linda (February 13, 2017). "Robert Grubbs wins Remsen Award". Chemical & Engineering News. 59 (7). American Chemical Society. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
External links
- "Press Release, 5 October 2005". The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005. NobelPrize.org.
- Robert H. Grubbs on Nobelprize.org
2005 Nobel Prize laureates | |
---|---|
Chemistry |
|
Literature (2005) |
|
Peace (2005) | |
Physics |
|
Physiology or Medicine |
|
Economic Sciences |
|
- 1942 births
- 2021 deaths
- 20th-century American chemists
- 21st-century American chemists
- American Nobel laureates
- California Institute of Technology faculty
- Columbia University alumni
- Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
- Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
- Foreign members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Foreign members of the Royal Society
- Fellows of the Royal Society of Chemistry
- Michigan State University faculty
- Nobel laureates in Chemistry
- Paducah Tilghman High School alumni
- People from Marshall County, Kentucky
- People from Paducah, Kentucky
- University of Florida College of Liberal Arts and Sciences alumni
- Benjamin Franklin Medal (Franklin Institute) laureates