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{{Short description|American physician, botanist, and politician (1782–1863)}}
'''William Darlington''' (], ] - ], ]) was a member of the ] from ].
{{For|the British writer and journalist|William Aubrey Darlington}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = William Darlington
| image name = William Darlington by John Neagle ca-1825.jpg
| state = ]
| district = ]
| term_start = March 4, 1819
| term_end = March 3, 1823
| preceded = ''See below''
| succeeded = ''See below''
| term_start2 = March 4, 1815
| term_end2 = March 3, 1817
| preceded2 = ''See below''
| succeeded2 = ''See below''
| birth_date = {{birth date|1782|04|28}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1863|04|23|1782|04|28}}
| birth_place = ]
| death_place = ]
| party = ]
| signature = Signature of William Darlington (1782–1863).png
| occupation = Physician, botanist, politician
| education = ]
| resting_place = ]
}}
'''William Darlington''' (April 28, 1782 – April 23, 1863) was an American ], ], and politician who served as a ] member of the ] for ] from 1819 to 1823.<ref>Makers of American Botany, ], Ronald Press Company, Library of Congress Card Number 61-18435</ref>{{rp|67}}


==Early life and education==
William Darlington (cousin of ] and ], second cousin of ]) was born in ]. He attended Friends School at Birmingham and spent his youth on a farm. He became a ] at an early age, studied medicine, and graduated from the medical department of the ] at ] in 1804. He went to the ] as ship’s surgeon in 1806. He returned to West Chester in 1807 and was a practicing physician there for a number of years. He raised a company of volunteers at the beginning of the ] and was major of a volunteer regiment. William Darlington (cousin of ] and ], second cousin of ]) was born in ], ]. He attended the ] at Birmingham and spent his youth on a farm.<ref name=USCongress>{{cite web|title=DARLINGTON, William, (1782 - 1863)|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000059|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|access-date=August 2, 2013}}</ref> He became a ] at an early age, studied medicine, and graduated from the ] in ] in 1804. He went to the ] as ship's surgeon in 1806. He returned to ], near Birmingham, in 1807 and was a practicing physician there for a number of years. He raised a company of volunteers at the beginning of the ] and served as major of a volunteer regiment.<ref name=Appleton />


==Political and later career==
Darlington was elected as a Republican to the ] Congress. He was again elected to the ] and ] Congresses. He was appointed canal commissioner in 1825, and served as president of the West Chester Railroad. He established a ] society in West Chester in 1826 and published several works on botany and natural history. He served as director and president of the National Bank of Chester County from 1830 to 1863. He died in West Chester in 1863, and was interred in Oakland Cemetery.
]
]]]
Darlington was elected as a ] to the ] Congress. He was again elected to the ] and ] Congresses. He was appointed canal commissioner in 1825, and served as the first president of the ] from 1831 to 1835.<ref name=USCongress /><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Moore|first1=Paul|title=The West Chester Railroad Company|journal=The High Line|date=Spring 2002|volume=18|issue=1|pages=5, 10}}</ref> He practiced law in West Chester in partnership with ] from 1868 to 1878.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cope |first=Gilbert |url=http://archive.org/details/historichomesins00cope |title=Historic Homes and Institutions, and Genealogical and Personal Memoirs of Chester and Delaware Counties, Pennsylvania |last2=Ashmead |first2=Henry Graham |publisher=Lewis Publishing Company |year=1904 |location=New York |publication-date= |pages=107–110 |language=en-US}}</ref>


In 1823, Darlington was elected to the ].<ref>{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=1823&year-max=1823&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|access-date=2021-04-06|website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref>
==Bibliography==

He established a ] society in West Chester in 1826 and published several works on botany and natural history. His published works include ''Mutual Influence of Habits and Disease'' (1804), ''Flora cestrica: an attempt to enumerate and describe the flowering and filicoid plants of Chester County in the state of Pennsylvania'' (1837) and ''Agricultural Botany'' (1847).<ref name=Appleton>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=James Grant|title=Appleton's cyclopaedia of American biography|year=1900|publisher=D. Appleton|location=New York|url=https://archive.org/details/appletonscyclop02wils|author2=John Fiske |access-date=July 13, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/agriculturalbota00indarl|title = Agricultural botany &#91;microform&#93; : An enumeration and description of useful plants and weeds, which merit the notice, or require the attention, of American agriculturists|year = 1847}}</ref> Several others also contributed to the ''Flora cestrica'', making it a collaborative effort. These included ] who wrote the section about mosses and liverworts<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gozzaldi |first1=Mary Isabella James |title=Thomas Potts James |journal=The Bryologist |date=1903 |volume=6 |issue=5 |pages=71–74 |jstor=3238779 |doi=10.1639/0007-2745(1903)62.0.CO;2 }}</ref> and ] also contributed to this book.<ref name="Shear&Stevens1917">{{cite journal |last1=Shear |first1=C L |last2=Stevens |first2=Neil E |title=The Botanical Work of Ezra Michener |journal=Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club |date=1917 |volume=44 |issue=12 |pages=547–558 |doi=10.2307/2479639 |jstor=2479639 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2479639 |access-date=6 March 2023}}</ref> ] had provided plant specimens to Darlington and these are also cited in the book.

The degree of L.L.D. was conferred on him by Yale University in 1848, and he was awarded a Doctor of Physical Science in 1855 by ].<ref name=Appleton/> The California pitcher plant, '']'', was described by ] in 1853 and named in his honor.<ref name=ICPCFAQ>{{cite web|last=Rice|first=Barry|title=Darlingtonia: the cobra lily; The Carnivorous Plant FAQ v. 11.5|url=http://www.sarracenia.com/faq/faq5160.html|publisher=The International Carnivorous Plant Society|access-date=August 2, 2013}}</ref> The ] preserves some botanical specimens that he collected — for example, of ''Talinum teretifolium'' (''Phemeranthus teretifolius'' — the quill ).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mid-Atlantic Herbaria|url=https://midatlanticherbaria.org/portal/profile/index.php?refurl=../collections/editor/occurrenceeditor.php?|access-date=2020-12-01|website=midatlanticherbaria.org}}</ref>

In 1849 he published ''Memorials of John Bartram and Humphry Marshall; with notices of their Botanical Contemporaries''.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Hooker, William Jackson|author-link=William Jackson Hooker|title=Review of ''Memorials of John Bartram and Humphry Marshall; with notices of their Botanical Contemporaries'' by William Darlington|journal=Hooker's Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany|year=1850|volume=II|pages=62–65|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CEeWXuzpKHAC&pg=PA62}} (See ] & ].)</ref>

He served as director and president of the ] from 1830 to 1863, where his friend and fellow botanist ] was chief cashier. He died in West Chester in 1863, and was interred in ].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kestenbaum |first1=Lawrence |title=Darlington-Butler family of West Chester, Pennsylvania |url=https://politicalgraveyard.com/families/10379.html |website=www.politicalgraveyard.com |publisher=The Political Graveyard |access-date=November 14, 2022}}</ref>

{{botanist|Darl.}}

==References==
{{reflist}}


Lansing, Dorothy I. ''That Magnificent Cestrian: Dr. William Darlington, 1782-1863, Being a Short Introductory Biography.'' ]: Serpentine Press, 1985.
==Sources== ==Sources==
*
*{{CongBio|D000059}}
* Lansing, Dorothy I. ''That Magnificent Cestrian: Dr. William Darlington, 1782-1863, Being a Short Introductory Biography.'' ]: Serpentine Press, 1985.
*
* ] wikisource


==External links==
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alongside: ] alongside: ]
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{{US House succession box
{{USRepSuccessionBox
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| district=2 | district=2
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{{Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania}}


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Latest revision as of 09:10, 9 December 2024

American physician, botanist, and politician (1782–1863) For the British writer and journalist, see William Aubrey Darlington.

William Darlington
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Pennsylvania's 2nd district
In office
March 4, 1819 – March 3, 1823
Preceded bySee below
Succeeded bySee below
In office
March 4, 1815 – March 3, 1817
Preceded bySee below
Succeeded bySee below
Personal details
Born(1782-04-28)April 28, 1782
Birmingham Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania
DiedApril 23, 1863(1863-04-23) (aged 80)
West Chester, Pennsylvania
Resting placeOaklands Cemetery
Political partyDemocratic-Republican
EducationUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
OccupationPhysician, botanist, politician
Signature

William Darlington (April 28, 1782 – April 23, 1863) was an American physician, botanist, and politician who served as a Democratic-Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district from 1819 to 1823.

Early life and education

William Darlington (cousin of Edward Darlington and Isaac Darlington, second cousin of Smedley Darlington) was born in Birmingham, Chester County, Pennsylvania. He attended the Friends School at Birmingham and spent his youth on a farm. He became a botanist at an early age, studied medicine, and graduated from the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia in 1804. He went to the East Indies as ship's surgeon in 1806. He returned to West Chester, near Birmingham, in 1807 and was a practicing physician there for a number of years. He raised a company of volunteers at the beginning of the War of 1812 and served as major of a volunteer regiment.

Political and later career

Darlington's office was in this building of the National Bank of Chester County.
Darlington grave in Oaklands Cemetery

Darlington was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Fourteenth Congress. He was again elected to the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Congresses. He was appointed canal commissioner in 1825, and served as the first president of the West Chester Railroad from 1831 to 1835. He practiced law in West Chester in partnership with Robert Cornwell from 1868 to 1878.

In 1823, Darlington was elected to the American Philosophical Society.

He established a natural history society in West Chester in 1826 and published several works on botany and natural history. His published works include Mutual Influence of Habits and Disease (1804), Flora cestrica: an attempt to enumerate and describe the flowering and filicoid plants of Chester County in the state of Pennsylvania (1837) and Agricultural Botany (1847). Several others also contributed to the Flora cestrica, making it a collaborative effort. These included Thomas Potts James who wrote the section about mosses and liverworts and Ezra Michner also contributed to this book. Abigail Kimber had provided plant specimens to Darlington and these are also cited in the book.

The degree of L.L.D. was conferred on him by Yale University in 1848, and he was awarded a Doctor of Physical Science in 1855 by Dickinson College. The California pitcher plant, Darlingtonia californica, was described by John Torrey in 1853 and named in his honor. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University preserves some botanical specimens that he collected — for example, of Talinum teretifolium (Phemeranthus teretifolius — the quill fameflower).

In 1849 he published Memorials of John Bartram and Humphry Marshall; with notices of their Botanical Contemporaries.

He served as director and president of the National Bank of Chester County from 1830 to 1863, where his friend and fellow botanist David Townsend was chief cashier. He died in West Chester in 1863, and was interred in Oaklands Cemetery.

The standard author abbreviation Darl. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

References

  1. Makers of American Botany, Harry Baker Humphrey, Ronald Press Company, Library of Congress Card Number 61-18435
  2. ^ "DARLINGTON, William, (1782 - 1863)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 2, 2013.
  3. ^ Wilson, James Grant; John Fiske (1900). Appleton's cyclopaedia of American biography. New York: D. Appleton. Retrieved July 13, 2013.
  4. Moore, Paul (Spring 2002). "The West Chester Railroad Company". The High Line. 18 (1): 5, 10.
  5. Cope, Gilbert; Ashmead, Henry Graham (1904). Historic Homes and Institutions, and Genealogical and Personal Memoirs of Chester and Delaware Counties, Pennsylvania. New York: Lewis Publishing Company. pp. 107–110.
  6. "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  7. "Agricultural botany [microform] : An enumeration and description of useful plants and weeds, which merit the notice, or require the attention, of American agriculturists". 1847.
  8. Gozzaldi, Mary Isabella James (1903). "Thomas Potts James". The Bryologist. 6 (5): 71–74. doi:10.1639/0007-2745(1903)6[71:TPJ]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 3238779.
  9. Shear, C L; Stevens, Neil E (1917). "The Botanical Work of Ezra Michener". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 44 (12): 547–558. doi:10.2307/2479639. JSTOR 2479639. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  10. Rice, Barry. "Darlingtonia: the cobra lily; The Carnivorous Plant FAQ v. 11.5". The International Carnivorous Plant Society. Retrieved August 2, 2013.
  11. "Mid-Atlantic Herbaria". midatlanticherbaria.org. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
  12. Hooker, William Jackson (1850). "Review of Memorials of John Bartram and Humphry Marshall; with notices of their Botanical Contemporaries by William Darlington". Hooker's Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany. II: 62–65. (See John Bartram & Humphry Marshall.)
  13. Kestenbaum, Lawrence. "Darlington-Butler family of West Chester, Pennsylvania". www.politicalgraveyard.com. The Political Graveyard. Retrieved November 14, 2022.
  14. International Plant Names Index.  Darl.

Sources

External links

U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded bySamuel Henderson
Roger Davis
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district

1815–1817

alongside: John Hahn

Succeeded byIsaac Darlington
Levi Pawling
Preceded byIsaac Darlington
Levi Pawling
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district

1819–1823

alongside: Samuel Gross

Succeeded byJoseph Hemphill
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