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| A '''series of related attacks''' occurred within ] during late January, 2009, in the midst of the ]. The attacks, which ranged from beatings to shootings, left up to 50 dead and appeared to be acts of reprisal. The primary targets were ] suspected of Israeli collaboration during the war and members of the ] a political party who lost the Palestinian presidential election. <ref name="gazafile">{{cite news|url=http://www.thefirstpost.co.uk/gazacrisis,0,hamas-executions-feared-as-evidence-emerges-of-murder-in-gaza,72772|title=Hamas executions feared as evidence emerges of Gaza murders|publisher=]|date=2009-01-30|accessdate=2009-02-01}}</ref><ref name="guardian">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jan/30/hamas-reprisal-attacks|title=Dozens believed dead in reprisal attacks as Hamas retakes control|last=McCarthy|first=Rory|publisher=]|date=2009-01-30|accessdate=2009-02-01}}</ref> No group has as yet accepted responsibility for the violence, but there is evidence to suggest that ], the political party currently in control of the ], encouraged and supported the attacks.<ref name="reut" /> Several other isolated assaults were directed toward inmates who escaped from prison after the December, 2008 bombings of Gaza. | |||
| {{pp-extended|small=yes}} | |||
| __NOTOC__ | |||
| {{Infobox military conflict | |||
| == Reprisal attacks == | |||
| | conflict = Political Violence in Gaza | |||
| ⚫ | == |
||
| | partof = the ], the ] and ] | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| | date = January 21 – February 2009 | |||
| | place = ] | |||
| | casus = Fights between Hamas and Fatah | |||
| | result = ] executes suspected collaborators and Fatah members | |||
| | combatant1 = {{flag|Hamas}} | |||
| | combatant2 = {{flag|Fatah}} | |||
| | strength1 = | |||
| | strength2 = | |||
| | casualties1 = | |||
| | casualties2 = | |||
| | casualties3 = * 35-80 Palestinians killed<ref> Hamas executes collaborators and restricts Fatah movement. </ref><ref name="jpost.com">{{Cite web|url=http://fr.jpost.com/Tags/satellite|title=Satellite News and latest stories | The Jerusalem Post|website=fr.jpost.com}}</ref> | |||
| 75 injured, 3 blinded<ref name="miami">{{cite news|url=http://www.miamiherald.com/news/world/story/881210.html|title=Still in charge, Hamas attacking Fatah rivals|publisher=]|date=2009-01-31|access-date=2009-02-01|first=Shashank|last=Bengali|author2=Dion Nissenbaum}}{{dead link|date=March 2016}}</ref><ref name="jpost.com" />{{better source needed|date=September 2024}} | |||
| * including 19 members of Fatah<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Hamas-executes-suspected-Fatah-traitors-in-Gaza-3175208.php|title=Hamas executes suspected Fatah traitors in Gaza|publisher=]|date=2009-01-31|access-date=2009-02-01|first=Matthew | |||
| |last=Kalman}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=September 2024}} | |||
| | caption = Map of the Gaza Strip | |||
| | image = Gaza Strip map2.svg | |||
| }} | |||
| {{Campaignbox Gaza–Israel conflict}} | |||
| {{campaignbox Fatah–Hamas conflict}} | |||
| '''The 2009 Hamas political violence''' took place in the ] during and after the ]. A series of violent acts, ranging from physical assaults, ], and ]s of ] suspected of ] with the ], as well as members of the ] political party, occurred. According to ], at least 32 people were killed by these attacks: 18 during the conflict and 14 afterward, and several dozen more were maimed, many by shots to the legs.<ref name=JP_HRW>Khaled Abu Toameh, , Jerusalem Post 20-04-2009</ref><ref name=HRW_report> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407170715/http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/04/20/gaza-hamas-should-end-killings-torture |date=2015-04-07 }}, ] 20-04-2009</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | ==Suspected collaborators== | ||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | {{Main|2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict}} | ||
| ] in 2009]] | |||
| ⚫ | Many of the attacks were against people suspected of being informants during the war. ] has denied its connection to these attacks, although it admitted that it had been making related arrests in an attempt to re-assert its authority over Gaza. According to a Hamas spokesperson, "The internal security service was instructed to track collaborators and hit them hard. They arrested dozens of collaborators who attempted to strike at Hamas by giving information to Israel about the fighters."<ref name="guardian">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jan/30/hamas-reprisal-attacks|title=Dozens believed dead in reprisal attacks as Hamas retakes control|last=McCarthy|first=Rory|work=]|date=2009-01-30|access-date=2009-02-01 | location=London}}</ref><ref name="arab">{{cite news|url=http://www.arabtimesonline.com/client/pagesdetails.asp?nid=27563&ccid=11|title=Hamas reasserts control over Gaza|publisher=]|date=2009-01-21|access-date=2009-02-01}}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | Another Hamas official said, "Maybe some of them were killed because they were acting against the population, against the resistance."<ref name="indep">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/hamas-admits-killing-israeli-collaborators-1488649.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/hamas-admits-killing-israeli-collaborators-1488649.html |archive-date=2022-05-01 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Hamas admits killing 'Israeli collaborators'|work=]|first=Donald|last=Macintyre|date=2009-01-22|access-date=2009-02-01 | location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref> A report in the ]-based newspaper '']'' quoted ], a high-ranking Hamas official, as confirming that the organisation had killed known collaborators.<ref name="firstp">{{cite news|url=http://www.thefirstpost.co.uk/gazacrisis,,hamas-admits-to-hunting-down-collaborators,72116|title=Hamas admits to killing collaborators|publisher=]|date=2009-01-22|access-date=2009-02-01}}</ref> | ||
| ], an Israeli newspaper, reported that several Palestinian agents working in Gaza for the Israeli security services during the war had been killed, and cited one source as saying that agents were "intercepted" by Hamas because their intelligence had been used "carelessly" by the military.<ref name="guardian" /> | |||
| ⚫ | '']'', an Israeli newspaper, reported on January 30 that a number of Palestinian ] working in Gaza for ] had been "intercepted" by Hamas. The information these agents fed to the Israeli military was said to have been used "carelessly", and this may have led to their exposure and subsequent executions.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1059746.html|title=Intel sources: Gazan informants intercepted by Hamas during war|first=Amos|last=Harel|author2=Avi Issacharoff|publisher=Haaretz.com|date=2009-01-30|access-date=2009-02-01|archive-date=2009-04-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090418150950/http://haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1059746.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | A human rights group based in ] decried the attacks, releasing a statement that read, "A number of citizens have been extra-judicially |
||
| ⚫ | A ] group based in ] decried the attacks, releasing a statement that read, "A number of citizens have been extra-judicially executed during and after the Israeli military aggression on the Gaza Strip... Fire was opened on affected citizens at a close distance. In addition, individuals in official uniform or masked persons opened fire on people's legs, severely beat others, imposed house arrests, and threatened to punish citizens along with their families if they would not comply."<ref name=guardian /> | ||
| === Members of Fatah === | |||
| Several members and security officials of the Fatah political party in Gaza were also attacked. The party released a statement laying blame on Hamas, who had publicly accused Fatah of Israeli collaboration during the war. They claimed that the attacks had consisted of "shooting at the feet of Fatah members, brutal crimes of execution and throwing the bodies in the rubble of destruction". Hamas directly responded to Fatah's statement, saying, "These are familiar lies and false allegations from Fatah and the forces of sedition."<ref name="reut">{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/featuredCrisis/idUSLL553336|publisher=]|title=Hamas asserts control in Gaza, seeks "collaborators"|first=Nidal|last=al-Mughrabi|date=2009-01-21|accessdate=2009-02-01}}</ref> | |||
| ], a Palestinian journalist who was a former employee for the Israeli human rights organization ], was accused of "collaborating with Israel" during ] and was executed by Hamas on January 7, Palestinians in the Gaza Strip. According to '']'', "the PA state security court had sentenced Ghanem, a father of two, after holding only two brief sessions."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1232643736968&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull|title=Hamas executes former B'tselem field worker|publisher=jpost.com|date=2009-01-25|access-date=2009-02-07}}{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | |||
| == |
== Fatah == | ||
| {{Main|Fatah–Hamas conflict|Battle of Gaza (2007)}} | |||
| Earlier in the Israel-Gaza conflict, Gaza's main prison was almost entirely destroyed after a series of Israeli bombings and a great number of the inmates in this prison were able to escape.<ref name="nz">{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/terrorism/news/article.cfm?c_id=340&objectid=10550039|title=Prisoners flee as Israeli bombs smash jail |date=2008-12-30|publisher=]|accessdate=2009-02-01}}</ref> Other isolated attacks, also believed to have been acts of retribution, have since been directed toward these escaped criminals. These individual attacks are reported to have been made by friends or family of victims of the prisoners, or those otherwise affiliated with them before their detainment. 2 shootings have been confirmed so far.<ref name="reut" /> | |||
| After Hamas won a majority of legislative seats during the ], tensions between Hamas and Fatah became increasingly violent. In 2007, both parties engaged in a ], in which Hamas won control over the ] and forced Fatah into the ].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4650788.stm | work=BBC News | title=Hamas sweeps to election victory | date=2006-01-26 | access-date=2010-04-23}}</ref> Since the 23-day Israeli assault on Gaza, Hamas has accused ] of backing Israel, calling him a traitor and collaborator.<ref name=sfgate>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Hamas-executes-suspected-Fatah-traitors-in-Gaza-3175208.php|title=Hamas executes suspected Fatah traitors in Gaza|first=Matthew|last=Kalman|date=January 22, 2009|website=SFGATE}}</ref> | |||
| Fatah said 19 of its officials were executed and many more tortured. Gaza residents say Hamas used schools and other public buildings in Gaza City, and the towns of ] and ], as detention centers to interrogate members of Fatah. They said three men have been blinded during questioning and over 60 of them shot in the legs as punishment.<ref name=sfgate/> The ] stated that "Hamas operatives killed six members of Fatah" and that " 35 were shot in the knees or beaten.<ref name="miami" /> | |||
| ⚫ | == See also == | ||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | *] | ||
| ] reported that Hamas leadership in Gaza "denied the allegations but said authorities had begun tracking down suspected 'collaborators' with Israel."<ref name="reut">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/featuredCrisis/idUSLL553336|publisher=]|title=Hamas asserts control in Gaza, seeks "collaborators"|first=Nidal|last=al-Mughrabi|date=2009-01-21|access-date=2009-02-01}}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| == |
==Dissenters== | ||
| Testimonies from Gaza civilians documented in the course of ] imply that people do not dare to speak out openly against Hamas; those who tried to object were shot by Hamas operatives.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} | |||
| ⚫ | {{reflist}} | ||
| ⚫ | == See also == | ||
| <br> | |||
| * ] | |||
| ⚫ | * ] | ||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| ==References== | |||
| ⚫ | {{reflist}} | ||
| {{2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict}} | {{2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict}} | ||
| {{Gaza crisis}} | {{Gaza crisis}} | ||
| {{DEFAULTSORT:2009 Hamas Political Violence In Gaza}} | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 05:01, 19 November 2024
| Political Violence in Gaza | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the 2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict, the Fatah–Hamas conflict and Palestinian internal political violence | |||||||
 Map of the Gaza Strip | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Hamas |
 Fatah | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
75 injured, 3 blinded
| |||||||
| Fatah–Hamas conflict | |
|---|---|
|
The 2009 Hamas political violence took place in the Gaza Strip during and after the 2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict. A series of violent acts, ranging from physical assaults, torture, and executions of Palestinians suspected of collaboration with the Israel Defense Forces, as well as members of the Fatah political party, occurred. According to Human Rights Watch, at least 32 people were killed by these attacks: 18 during the conflict and 14 afterward, and several dozen more were maimed, many by shots to the legs.
Suspected collaborators
Main article: 2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict
Many of the attacks were against people suspected of being informants during the war. Hamas has denied its connection to these attacks, although it admitted that it had been making related arrests in an attempt to re-assert its authority over Gaza. According to a Hamas spokesperson, "The internal security service was instructed to track collaborators and hit them hard. They arrested dozens of collaborators who attempted to strike at Hamas by giving information to Israel about the fighters."
Another Hamas official said, "Maybe some of them were killed because they were acting against the population, against the resistance." A report in the Qatar-based newspaper Al-Sharq quoted Moussa Abu Marzuk, a high-ranking Hamas official, as confirming that the organisation had killed known collaborators.
Ha'aretz, an Israeli newspaper, reported on January 30 that a number of Palestinian spies working in Gaza for Israel had been "intercepted" by Hamas. The information these agents fed to the Israeli military was said to have been used "carelessly", and this may have led to their exposure and subsequent executions.
A human rights group based in Ramallah decried the attacks, releasing a statement that read, "A number of citizens have been extra-judicially executed during and after the Israeli military aggression on the Gaza Strip... Fire was opened on affected citizens at a close distance. In addition, individuals in official uniform or masked persons opened fire on people's legs, severely beat others, imposed house arrests, and threatened to punish citizens along with their families if they would not comply."
Haidar Ghanem, a Palestinian journalist who was a former employee for the Israeli human rights organization B'Tselem, was accused of "collaborating with Israel" during Operation Cast Lead and was executed by Hamas on January 7, Palestinians in the Gaza Strip. According to The Jerusalem Post, "the PA state security court had sentenced Ghanem, a father of two, after holding only two brief sessions."
Fatah
Main articles: Fatah–Hamas conflict and Battle of Gaza (2007)After Hamas won a majority of legislative seats during the 2006 Palestinian elections, tensions between Hamas and Fatah became increasingly violent. In 2007, both parties engaged in a military conflict, in which Hamas won control over the Gaza Strip and forced Fatah into the West Bank. Since the 23-day Israeli assault on Gaza, Hamas has accused Abbas of backing Israel, calling him a traitor and collaborator.
Fatah said 19 of its officials were executed and many more tortured. Gaza residents say Hamas used schools and other public buildings in Gaza City, and the towns of Khan Yunis and Rafah, as detention centers to interrogate members of Fatah. They said three men have been blinded during questioning and over 60 of them shot in the legs as punishment. The Palestinian Center for Human Rights stated that "Hamas operatives killed six members of Fatah" and that " 35 were shot in the knees or beaten.
Reuters reported that Hamas leadership in Gaza "denied the allegations but said authorities had begun tracking down suspected 'collaborators' with Israel."
Dissenters
Testimonies from Gaza civilians documented in the course of Gaza War imply that people do not dare to speak out openly against Hamas; those who tried to object were shot by Hamas operatives.
See also
- Timeline of the 2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict
- 2007 Battle of Gaza
- Human rights in the Gaza Strip
- Palestinian political violence
References
- Hamas executes collaborators and restricts Fatah movement.
- ^ "Satellite News and latest stories | The Jerusalem Post". fr.jpost.com.
- ^ Bengali, Shashank; Dion Nissenbaum (2009-01-31). "Still in charge, Hamas attacking Fatah rivals". Miami Herald. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
- Kalman, Matthew (2009-01-31). "Hamas executes suspected Fatah traitors in Gaza". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
- Khaled Abu Toameh, Hamas killed 32 Gazans during, after op, Jerusalem Post 20-04-2009
- Gaza: Hamas Should End Killings, Torture Archived 2015-04-07 at the Wayback Machine, HRW 20-04-2009
- ^ McCarthy, Rory (2009-01-30). "Dozens believed dead in reprisal attacks as Hamas retakes control". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
- "Hamas reasserts control over Gaza". Arab Times. 2009-01-21. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
- Macintyre, Donald (2009-01-22). "Hamas admits killing 'Israeli collaborators'". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 2022-05-01. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
- "Hamas admits to killing collaborators". The First Post. 2009-01-22. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
- Harel, Amos; Avi Issacharoff (2009-01-30). "Intel sources: Gazan informants intercepted by Hamas during war". Haaretz.com. Archived from the original on 2009-04-18. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
- "Hamas executes former B'tselem field worker". jpost.com. 2009-01-25. Retrieved 2009-02-07.
- "Hamas sweeps to election victory". BBC News. 2006-01-26. Retrieved 2010-04-23.
- ^ Kalman, Matthew (January 22, 2009). "Hamas executes suspected Fatah traitors in Gaza". SFGATE.
- al-Mughrabi, Nidal (2009-01-21). "Hamas asserts control in Gaza, seeks "collaborators"". Reuters. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
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