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{{Short description|Uprising in Kiev in 1917}}
⚫ {{Infobox Military Conflict
{{More citations needed|date=February 2022}}
⚫ |conflict=], part of the ]
⚫ {{Infobox military conflict
|partof=
⚫ | conflict = ], part of the ]
|image=
| partof =
⚫ |caption=
| image =
|date=November 8, 1917 – November 13, 1917 <br>(Kyiv Bilshovyk Uprising)
⚫ | caption =
|place=city of ]
| date = November 8–13, 1917
⚫ |casus=]
| place = Kiev
|result=Victory of the Kyivan ], defeat of the ] forces
⚫ | casus = ]
⚫ |combatant1={{flagicon|Russian SFSR|1918}} Kievan Committee of the ]<br>] Ukrainian ]
| result = Victory of the Kievan ]
⚫ |combatant2={{flagicon|Russia}} ]
⚫ | combatant1 = {{flagicon|Russian SFSR|1918}} Kievan Committee of the ]<br>] ]
⚫ |commander1=] <br> ] <br> ] <br> others
⚫ | combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} ]
⚫ |commander2=Lieutenant-General ]
⚫ | commander1 = ] <br> ] <br> ]
⚫ |strength1= 6,000 <small>(Bolshevik supporters)</small><br>8,000 <small>(Central Rada supporters)</small>
⚫ | commander2 = Lieutenant-General ]
⚫ |strength2= 10,000
⚫ | strength1 = 6,000 Bolshevik supporters<br>8,000 Central Rada supporters
|casualties1='''Military dead:'''<br>'''Military wounded:'''<br>'''Military missing:''' <br> '''Total:'''
⚫ | strength2 = 10,000
|casualties2='''Military dead:'''<br>'''Military wounded:'''<br>'''Military missing:'''<br>'''Total:'''
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
}} }}
{{Campaignbox Bolshevik Uprisings in Ukraine}}
{{History of Ukraine}}


'''Kyiv Bilshovyk Uprising''' (November 8-13 (October 26-31 by old style), 1917) was a military struggle for power in ] after the fall of the ] due to the ], that ended with a victory for the Kievan Committee of the ] and the ]. The '''Kiev Bolshevik Uprising''' (November 8–13, 1917) was a military struggle for power in ] after the fall of the ] in the ]. It ended in victory for the Kievan Committee of the ] and the ].


==Chronology of activities== =={{anchor|Chronology of events}}Chronology==
On November 7, 1917 to Kyiv came a message about the activities in ] following this a question has arisen about the power in the city and Ukraine in general. For the power competed three major factions: the Ukrainian ], the headquarters of the Kievan Military District (KMD), and the Kyivan Committee of the ] 10 members of which joined the ] previously.<ref></ref> The best chances had the Central Rada that consisted of representatives from 19 political parties including the Bilshovyks. The last one did not have a wide influence in Ukraine with about of 10% of support from the total population. Prior to the activities the Central Rada was in a conflict with the Provisional Government from which it was requesting a full autonomy of Ukraine as part of the Russian State. That was the reason for it to take the actions using the circumstances of political situation which has established in the city.


In the autumn of 1917, shortly after the Bolshevik Great ] in ], ] attempted to overthrow the Kiev government. Unlike in the Russian capital, however, the rebellion in Kiev failed. The Ukrainian ] came as a surprise to the leaders of the new ]. Like most of the Russian public, Ukrainian officials were sure that the ] would not remain in power for more than a few weeks.<ref name="bolshevikukrpr">Kovalchuk, M. ''''. ] (Istorychna Pravda). 5 September 2012</ref>
⚫ On November 8 with the initiative of the Central Rada was created the '''State Committee for the Protection of the Revolution''' which had to be a temporary government in Kyiv. It consisted of representatives from different political parties, councils, and the city ]. The Committee was presiding in the ]. The headquarters of the KMD was supporting the Russian Provisional Government and did not trust the State Committee as it included the bilshovyks. On November 9 the Central Rada finally defined its negative position to the Petrograd coup, condemned the bilshovyk's actions, and declared that "it will decisively fight against all attempts to support such uprising in Ukraine. Rada expressed its agreement for the creation in Russia ''homogeneous socialist government'' with the representatives of all socialist parties.


The day after the events in Petrograd, the Ukrainian Central Council declared that it considered the transfer of power to the Council of Workers and Soldiers deputies unacceptable because the council was "only a part of the organized revolutionary democracy." Condemning the coup as undemocratic, the Central Council promised to fight to support{{Verify source|date=June 2022}} any uprising in Ukraine.<ref name=bolshevikukrpr/>
⚫ The Kyivan ] headed by ] (active member of the ]) firmly stood on the Lenin's principles and they did not agree with the position of the Central Rada. The same day they left the State Committee for the protection of the revolution and held a joint meeting (congress) with representatives of worker's and soldier's deputies councils, trade unions, factory presiding committees (fabzavkom), and military units (in the building of the ]). And although it was clear that the possible seizure of power by one will lead the disagreement with other political forces, the split in society, and the civil war they accepted the resolution for the support of the ] in Petrograd and declared the power of Soviet government. With their next decision the congress elected ] consisting of such bilshovuks as ], ], ], ], ], ], and others to whom was planned to transfer the power. All of them also initiated the ] couple of months later to support the sack of Kyiv by the advancing bilshovyk forces from ] and installation of the Soviet government in Ukraine.


The news of the Petrograd coup caused a surge in armed struggles in the capital of Ukraine. For the next three days, street fighting was waged in Kiev between supporters of the Soviet government and government forces; the latter were eventually forced to surrender. Despite its declarations, the Ukrainian Central Council adopted a position of friendly neutrality towards the Bolsheviks in this fight. The Bolsheviks seemed less dangerous to many Ukrainian politicians than the toppled Provisional Government, which had begun to express increasing hostility towards the Ukrainian national movement during the last weeks of its existence.<ref name=bolshevikukrpr/>
⚫ In response to the bilshovyk activities the military forces of the KMD were ordered to liquidate the bilshovyk center on November 10, 1917. They surrounded ] where was located the local ] and thrashed the building of the Kyivan Duma Executive Committee and the bilshovyk Committee. Almost all the members of the Kyivan Committee of the ] and the ] (14 people) were arrested. The same day ceased to exist the State Committee for the protection of the revolution as the commander of the KMD, ], refused to take orders from it. On November 10 all the functions of the liquidated State Committee for the protection of the revolution were transferred to the ].


Taking advantage of the defeat of government forces, Ukrainian units took control of the city's main governmental institutions. Power in Kiev and Ukraine was transferred to the Central Council and its executive body, the ]. A ] (KMD) commander was appointed: Lieutenant Colonel ], a participant in the Ukrainian National movement. Kiev Bolsheviks did not object to the actions of the Central Council; both sides considered their main opponent to be the toppled Russian government, which seemed as if it could still return to power. However, soon afterwards it became obvious that the provisional government had finally descended from the political forefront. On the daily agenda, before the "proletarian revolution", rose the question of establishment of Soviet power in Ukraine.<ref name=bolshevikukrpr/> Ten members of the Kiev Committee of the ] had joined the Central Rada.<ref></ref>
⚫ Bilshovyks answered by reinstating the ] the next day (], ], ], and others). They initiated military operations against the forces of the KMD. At the same time the VII session of the ] was taken place, the deputies of which formed a committee that would find ways to stop mayhem in Kyiv. The seesion also sanctioned all the power in Ukraine to be transferred to the ]. The committee decided that all the power in the city will transfer to the Ukrainian Central Rada that will cooperate with the City Duma and the ] of the workers' soldiers' deputies. For the next couple days street firefights filled some parts of the city (], Demiivka). On November 13 the headquarters of the Kievan Military District (KMD) that was located on the ] signed a cease-fire agreement with the Kyiv revkom and soon withdrew out of the city. Since that time the Kiev Military District was virtually liquidated.<ref>In 1921 the new Soviet KMD was installed in its place, the last commander of which refused to pledge allegiance to Ukraine and the District was terminated in 1991.</ref>


⚫ On November 8, at the initiative of the Central Rada, the ] was created as a temporary government in Kiev. The committee, consisting of representatives of political parties, councils, and the city Duma, met in the ]. The KMD headquarters supported the ] and did not trust the State Committee, because it included the Bolsheviks. On November 9, the Central Rada defined its negative position in relation to the Petrograd coup, condemned Bolshevik actions, and said that "it would decisively fight against all attempts to support such uprisings in Ukraine". The Rada expressed agreement with the creation of a Russian homogeneous socialist government with representatives of all socialist parties.
⚫ On November 16, 1917 at the joined meeting of the Central Rada and the Executive Committee of the ] of the workers' soldiers' deputies in Kyiv have acknowledge the Rada as the regional council in Ukraine. Soon, on November 20, was issued the III Universal of the ] which declared Ukraine an autonomous part of the democratic Russian state with the capital in ].

⚫ The Kievan ]s, headed by Central Rada member ], firmly adhered to Lenin's principles and did not agree with the Central Rada. That day, they left the State Committee for the Protection of the Revolution and held a joint meeting at the ] with representatives of workers' and soldiers' councils, trade unions, factory committees, and military units. Participants approved a resolution supporting the ] in Petrograd, and affirmed the Soviet government. The congress elected a ] consisting of Bolsheviks such as ], Oleksandr Horwits, ], Isaac Kreysberg, ], and ], to whom they planned to transfer power. The same group instigated the ] two months later to support the sack of Kiev by the advancing Bolshevik forces from the ] and the installation of a ] in Ukraine.

⚫ In response to Bolshevik activities, KMD military forces were ordered to its center on November 10, 1917. They surrounded ], where the local revkom was located, and searched the building containing the Kievan Duma Executive Committee and the Bolshevik Committee. Nearly all of the Kievan Committee of the ] and the revkom, a total of 14 people, were arrested. That day, the State Committee for the Protection of the Revolution ceased to exist because KMD commander ] refused to take orders from it; the committee's functions were transferred to the ].

⚫ The Bolsheviks responded by reinstating the revkom (which included ], ], and Ivan Kudrin) the following day, and began military operations against the KMD forces. The seventh session of the ] was taking place, and the deputies formed a committee to find ways to stop the mayhem in Kiev. The session also authorized all power in Ukraine to be transferred to the Central Rada. For the next few days, street firefights occurred in some parts of the city (including ] and Demiivka). On November 13, KMD headquarters on ] signed a cease-fire agreement with the Kiev revkom and withdrew from the city.<ref>In 1921, the new Soviet KMD was installed in its place. Its last commander refused to pledge allegiance to Ukraine, and the district was dissolved in 1991.</ref>

⚫ On November 16, 1917, at a joint meeting of the Central Rada and the executive committee of the ] of the workers' and soldiers' deputies in Kiev, both bodies acknowledged the Rada as Ukraine's regional council. The III Universal of the ] was created on November 20, declaring Ukraine an autonomous part of the Russian state with its capital in Kiev.


==See also== ==See also==
* ] * ]


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist}}
<references/>
⚫ *Kyiv. Historical encyclopedia. 1917-2000.
⚫ *] (1932). "Історія України 1917—1923" (History of Ukraine 1917-23). Vol I "Доба Центральної Ради" (The times of the Central Rada). Uzhhorod.


==Further reading==
⚫ *Kiev. Historical encyclopedia. 1917–2000.
⚫ *]. ''Історія України 1917—1923" (History of Ukraine 1917–23)''. Vol I. "Доба Центральної Ради" (The times of the Central Rada). Uzhhorod 1932.

==External links==
* at the ]

{{October Bolshevik Uprising}}
{{Ukrainian Bolshevik Revolution}}
{{Russian Revolution 1917}} {{Russian Revolution 1917}}
{{Communism in Ukraine}}


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Latest revision as of 17:09, 27 October 2024

Uprising in Kiev in 1917
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Ukrainian theatre, part of the October Revolution
DateNovember 8–13, 1917
LocationKiev
Result Victory of the Kievan revolutionary committee
Belligerents
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Kievan Committee of the Bolshevik Party
Central Rada		 Kiev Military District
Commanders and leaders
Georgy Pyatakov
Yan Gamarnik
Volodymyr Zatonsky		 Lieutenant-General Mikhail Kvetsinsky
Strength
6,000 Bolshevik supporters
8,000 Central Rada supporters		 10,000
Ukrainian–Soviet War (1917–1921)
Bolshevik uprisings in Ukraine
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The Kiev Bolshevik Uprising (November 8–13, 1917) was a military struggle for power in Kiev after the fall of the Russian Provisional Government in the October Revolution. It ended in victory for the Kievan Committee of the Bolshevik Party and the Central Rada.

Chronology

In the autumn of 1917, shortly after the Bolshevik Great October Revolution in Petrograd, Ukrainian Bolsheviks attempted to overthrow the Kiev government. Unlike in the Russian capital, however, the rebellion in Kiev failed. The Ukrainian Bolshevik Revolution came as a surprise to the leaders of the new Central Rada. Like most of the Russian public, Ukrainian officials were sure that the Russian Provisional Government would not remain in power for more than a few weeks.

The day after the events in Petrograd, the Ukrainian Central Council declared that it considered the transfer of power to the Council of Workers and Soldiers deputies unacceptable because the council was "only a part of the organized revolutionary democracy." Condemning the coup as undemocratic, the Central Council promised to fight to support any uprising in Ukraine.

The news of the Petrograd coup caused a surge in armed struggles in the capital of Ukraine. For the next three days, street fighting was waged in Kiev between supporters of the Soviet government and government forces; the latter were eventually forced to surrender. Despite its declarations, the Ukrainian Central Council adopted a position of friendly neutrality towards the Bolsheviks in this fight. The Bolsheviks seemed less dangerous to many Ukrainian politicians than the toppled Provisional Government, which had begun to express increasing hostility towards the Ukrainian national movement during the last weeks of its existence.

Taking advantage of the defeat of government forces, Ukrainian units took control of the city's main governmental institutions. Power in Kiev and Ukraine was transferred to the Central Council and its executive body, the General Secretariat. A Kiev Military District (KMD) commander was appointed: Lieutenant Colonel Viktor Pavlenko, a participant in the Ukrainian National movement. Kiev Bolsheviks did not object to the actions of the Central Council; both sides considered their main opponent to be the toppled Russian government, which seemed as if it could still return to power. However, soon afterwards it became obvious that the provisional government had finally descended from the political forefront. On the daily agenda, before the "proletarian revolution", rose the question of establishment of Soviet power in Ukraine. Ten members of the Kiev Committee of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers Party (Bolsheviks) had joined the Central Rada.

On November 8, at the initiative of the Central Rada, the Regional Committee in Protection of Revolution in Ukraine was created as a temporary government in Kiev. The committee, consisting of representatives of political parties, councils, and the city Duma, met in the Ukrainian Club building. The KMD headquarters supported the Russian Provisional Government and did not trust the State Committee, because it included the Bolsheviks. On November 9, the Central Rada defined its negative position in relation to the Petrograd coup, condemned Bolshevik actions, and said that "it would decisively fight against all attempts to support such uprisings in Ukraine". The Rada expressed agreement with the creation of a Russian homogeneous socialist government with representatives of all socialist parties.

The Kievan Bolsheviks, headed by Central Rada member Georgy Pyatakov, firmly adhered to Lenin's principles and did not agree with the Central Rada. That day, they left the State Committee for the Protection of the Revolution and held a joint meeting at the Bourgogne Theatre with representatives of workers' and soldiers' councils, trade unions, factory committees, and military units. Participants approved a resolution supporting the Bolshevik Revolution in Petrograd, and affirmed the Soviet government. The congress elected a revkom consisting of Bolsheviks such as Jan Hamarnyk, Oleksandr Horwits, Andriy Ivanov, Isaac Kreysberg, Volodymyr Zatonsky, and Ivan Kulyk, to whom they planned to transfer power. The same group instigated the January Uprising two months later to support the sack of Kiev by the advancing Bolshevik forces from the Russian SFSR and the installation of a Soviet government in Ukraine.

In response to Bolshevik activities, KMD military forces were ordered to its center on November 10, 1917. They surrounded Mariinskyi Palace, where the local revkom was located, and searched the building containing the Kievan Duma Executive Committee and the Bolshevik Committee. Nearly all of the Kievan Committee of the Russian Social-Democratic Worker's Party (Bolsheviks) and the revkom, a total of 14 people, were arrested. That day, the State Committee for the Protection of the Revolution ceased to exist because KMD commander Mikhail Kvetsinsky refused to take orders from it; the committee's functions were transferred to the General Secretariat.

The Bolsheviks responded by reinstating the revkom (which included Volodymyr Zatonsky, Andriy Ivanov, and Ivan Kudrin) the following day, and began military operations against the KMD forces. The seventh session of the Central Rada was taking place, and the deputies formed a committee to find ways to stop the mayhem in Kiev. The session also authorized all power in Ukraine to be transferred to the Central Rada. For the next few days, street firefights occurred in some parts of the city (including Pechersk and Demiivka). On November 13, KMD headquarters on Bankova Street signed a cease-fire agreement with the Kiev revkom and withdrew from the city.

On November 16, 1917, at a joint meeting of the Central Rada and the executive committee of the soviets of the workers' and soldiers' deputies in Kiev, both bodies acknowledged the Rada as Ukraine's regional council. The III Universal of the Ukrainian People's Republic was created on November 20, declaring Ukraine an autonomous part of the Russian state with its capital in Kiev.

See also

References

  1. ^ Kovalchuk, M. Unfortunate October: Bolshevik Uprising attempt in Kiev in 1917 (Невдалий Жовтень: спроба більшовицького повстання в Києві у 1917-му). Ukrayinska Pravda (Istorychna Pravda). 5 September 2012
  2. Orest Subtelny, History of Ukraine
  3. In 1921, the new Soviet KMD was installed in its place. Its last commander refused to pledge allegiance to Ukraine, and the district was dissolved in 1991.

Further reading

  • Kiev. Historical encyclopedia. 1917–2000.
  • Doroshenko, D. Історія України 1917—1923" (History of Ukraine 1917–23). Vol I. "Доба Центральної Ради" (The times of the Central Rada). Uzhhorod 1932.

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