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{{Short description|2006 film by Davis Guggenheim}} | |||
{{Infobox_Film | | |||
{{Other uses}} | |||
name =An Inconvenient Truth | | |||
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2019}} | |||
image =Aninconvenienttruth.jpg| | |||
{{Infobox film | |||
imdb_id =0497116 | | |||
|
| name = An Inconvenient Truth | ||
| image = An Inconvenient Truth Film Poster.jpg | |||
director =] | | |||
| alt = Industrial smoke stacks whose emissions form a hurricane eyewall. | |||
producer =], <br> ] | | |||
| caption = Theatrical release poster | |||
music =] | | |||
|
| director = ] | ||
| producer = {{Plainlist| | |||
released =], ] | | |||
* ] | |||
runtime =94 minutes | | |||
* ] | |||
language =English| | |||
* ] | |||
}} | }} | ||
| writer = ] | |||
'''''An Inconvenient Truth''''' is a ] about ] (also known as ]) by ], starring ]. The documentary premiered at the ] ]. It opened in ] and ] on ], ]. | |||
| starring = Al Gore | |||
| music = ] | |||
| cinematography = {{Plainlist| | |||
* Bob Richman | |||
* ]}} | |||
| editing = {{Plainlist| | |||
* ] | |||
* Dan Swietlik}} | |||
| studio = {{Plainlist| | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
}} | |||
| distributor = ] | |||
| released = {{Film date|2006|05|24}} | |||
| runtime = 97 minutes<!--Theatrical runtime: 96:51--><ref name="r__bbfc" /> | |||
| country = United States | |||
| language = English | |||
| budget = $1.5 million<ref name="r__grist" /> | |||
| gross = $49.8 million<ref name="mojo" />}} | |||
'''''An Inconvenient Truth''''' is a 2006 American ] directed by ] about former ] ]'s campaign to educate people about ]. The film features a ] that, by Gore's own estimate, he has presented over 1,000 times to audiences worldwide. | |||
==Synopsis== | |||
Former ] Al Gore, coming to grips with his life's direction after the events of the ], dedicates himself to combating ]. Armed with a ] presentation, Gore explains the ] and ]. <!--removed a few adjectives that seemed too anti-Gore... true, his defeat must've been the primary factor in his coming up with this but anyways, the article should stay neutral--> | |||
The idea to document Gore's efforts came from producer ], who saw his presentation at a ] on global warming, which coincided with the opening of '']''. Laurie David was so inspired by his slide show that she, with producer ], met with Guggenheim to adapt the presentation into a film. Premiering at the ] and opening in ] and ] on May 24, 2006, the film was a critical and commercial success, winning two ] for ] and ].<ref name="nytimes2009_342290" /> The film grossed $24 million in the US and $26 million in other countries’ ]s, becoming the eleventh highest grossing documentary film to date in the United States.<ref name="mojo-chart" /> | |||
==Film Festivals== | |||
At the 2006 ], the movie received a three time standing ovation. It was also screened at the ] and was the opening night film at the 27th Durban International Film Festival on June 14, 2006. | |||
Since the film's release, ''An Inconvenient Truth'' has been credited for raising ] and reenergizing the ]. The documentary has also been included in science curricula in schools around the world, which has spurred some controversy. A sequel to the film, titled '']'', was released on July 28, 2017. | |||
==Origins of the film== | |||
] explains the potential impact of ] melting on global ].]] | |||
Gore first became intrigued by the topic of global warming when he took a course at ] with Professor ], who was the first scientist to measure carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.{{ref|Time}} Later, when Gore was in Congress, he initiated the first congressional hearing on the subject, brought in climate scientists and began talking to politicians about the issue.{{ref|Time2}} He thought that once legislators heard the compelling evidence, they would be driven to action; ultimately though, the process would be slow. | |||
==Synopsis {{anchor|Synopsis|Plot}}== | |||
In 1992, his book '']'' reached the ]. | |||
''An Inconvenient Truth'' presents in film form an illustrated talk on climate by Al Gore, aimed at alerting the public to an increasing "planetary emergency" due to ], and shows re-enacted incidents from his life story which influenced his concerns about environmental issues. He began making these presentations in 1989 with ] illustrations;<ref name="revkin-thefight" /> the film version uses a ], which Gore refers to as "the ]".<ref name="r__arstech2006064392" /> | |||
The vice president opens the film by greeting an audience with his well-known line about ]: "I am Al Gore. I used to be the next president of the United States of America."<ref name="CSMonitor" /> He is shown using his laptop to edit his presentation, and pondering the difficulty he has had in awakening public concern: "I've been trying to tell this story for a long time and I feel as if I've failed to get the message across."<ref name="revkin-thefight" /> | |||
As Vice President during the ], Gore pushed for the implementation of a ] to modify incentives to reduce fossil fuel consumption and thereby decrease emission of greenhouse gases; it was partially implemented in 1993. He helped broker the 1997 ], an international treaty that aims to curb ] emissions, but it was not ratified due to opposition in the ]. Gore also supported the funding of a satellite called ] to create more awareness of environmental issues and to take the first direct measurements of how much sunlight is reflected from the Earth. During his ], he ran in part on a pledge to ratify the ]. | |||
Gore then begins his slide show on Global Warming; a comprehensive presentation replete with detailed graphs, flow charts and stark visuals. Gore shows off several photographs of the Earth taken from multiple space missions, as '']'' and '']''.<ref name="goreplaysleadingman" /> Gore notes that these photos dramatically transformed the way we see the Earth, helping spark modern ]. | |||
After his defeat, Gore adapted an old slide show of his and began giving a global warming multimedia presentation across the country and the world. At the time of the film, he estimated he had shown the presentation more than a thousand times. Producers ] and ] saw Gore's slide show in New York after the 2004 premiere of '']''.{{ref|Time3}} Inspired, they met with director Davis Guggenheim about the possibility of making it into a movie. Guggenheim, who was skeptical at first, later saw the presentation for himself. Guggenheim was "blown away" and "left after an hour and a half thinking that global warming the most important issue." "I had no idea how you’d make a film out of it, but I wanted to try," he says.{{ref|Time4}} | |||
Following this, Gore shares anecdotes that inspired his interest in the issue, including his college education with early climate expert ] at ], his sister's death from lung cancer and his young son's near-fatal car accident. Gore recalls a story from his grade-school years, where a fellow student asked his geography teacher about ], whether the coastlines of South America and Africa might fit together; in response, the teacher called the concept the "most ridiculous thing ever heard." Gore ties this conclusion to the assumption that "the Earth is so big, we can't possibly have any lasting, harmful impact on the Earth's environment." For comic effect, Gore uses a clip from the '']'' episode "]" to describe the ]. Gore refers to his loss to ] in the ] as a "hard blow" yet one which subsequently "brought into clear focus, the mission had been pursuing for all these years." | |||
==Trivia== | |||
] | |||
* ] is committing 5% of their domestic theatrical gross for the film, with a minimum guarantee of $500,000, to be donated to a new bipartisan climate action group, ], dedicated to awareness and grassroots organizing. | |||
], a ] photo showing Earth ''(circled)'' as a single pixel from 4 billion miles (6.4 billion kilometres) away, is featured in the film. Al Gore points out that all of human history has happened on that pixel, which is the only planet where life has been discovered.]] | |||
* Before even being released the film was parodied in the '']'' episode "]". Gore laughed off their sensationalized depiction of him saying, "Their comic sensibility is aimed at a different demographic than the one I inhabit, but I still find a lot of what they do hilarious." | |||
Throughout the movie, Gore discusses the ], as well as the present and future ] and stresses that global warming "is really not a political issue, so much as a moral one," describing the consequences he believes global warming will produce if the amount of human-generated ]es is not significantly reduced in the very near future. Gore also presents Antarctic ] data showing CO<sub>2</sub> levels higher now than in the past 650,000 years. | |||
* President ], when asked whether he would watch the film responded, "Doubt it." He later attested that "we need to set aside whether or not ] have been caused by mankind or because of natural effects.” Gore responded by saying, "The entire global scientific community has a ] on the question that human beings are responsible for global warming and has today again expressed personal doubt that that is true." | |||
The film includes segments intended to refute critics who say that global warming is unproven or that warming will be insignificant. For example, Gore cites the ] caused by melting over recent decades, showing nine cases, such as the ] and Boulder Glaciers and Patagonia. He discusses the possibility of the collapse and melting of a major ] in ] or in ], either of which could raise global sea levels by approximately 20 feet (6m), flooding coastal areas and producing 100 million refugees. Melt water from Greenland, because of its lower ], could then halt the currents that keep northern Europe warm and quickly trigger dramatic local cooling there. It also contains various short animated projections of what could happen to different animals more vulnerable to global warming. | |||
* ''An Inconvenient Truth'' is also appearing as a book by Al Gore of the same title (ISBN 1594865671). | |||
== Call to action == | |||
* During the movie, Al Gore shows a clip from the animated TV series '']'' episode "]" about global warming. | |||
The documentary ends with Gore arguing that if appropriate actions are taken soon, the effects of global warming can be successfully reversed by releasing less ] and planting more vegetation to consume existing CO<sub>2</sub>. Gore calls upon his viewers to learn how they can help him in these efforts. Gore closes the film by saying: | |||
{{blockquote|Each one of us is a cause of global warming, but each one of us can make choices to change that with the things we buy, the electricity we use, the cars we drive; we can make choices to bring our individual carbon emissions to zero. The solutions are in our hands, we just have to have the determination to make it happen. We have everything that we need to reduce carbon emissions, everything but political will. But in America, the will to act is a renewable resource.<ref name="r__firethemup_92" />}} | |||
==Opening== | |||
The film opened in New York and Los Angeles on Wednesday, May 24th, 2006. On ] weekend. It grossed $91,447 per theater. | |||
During the film's end credits, several calls to action pop up on screen suggesting to viewers things at home they can do to combat global warming, including "recycle", "speak up in your community", "try to buy a ]" and "encourage everyone you know to watch this movie."<ref name="r__eogwacc2008_p58" /> | |||
==Posters== | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image:Inconvenienttruth.jpg | |||
Image:Inconvienent-truth.jpg | |||
Image:Aninconvenienttruth.jpg | |||
</gallery> | |||
== |
== Background == | ||
] | |||
*A global warning. | |||
*We're all on thin ice. | |||
=== Origins === | |||
*By far the most terrifying film you will ever see. | |||
{{See also|Environmental activism of Al Gore}} | |||
Gore became interested in global warming when he took a course at ] with Professor ], one of the first scientists to measure ] in the atmosphere.<ref name="r__sundance20060126" /> | |||
Later, when Gore was in Congress, he initiated the first congressional hearing on the subject in 1981.<ref name="r__thenewyorker20060414" /> Gore's 1992 book, '']'', dealing with a number of environmental topics, reached the ].<ref name="biosen" /> | |||
As Vice President during the ], Gore pushed for the implementation of a ] to encourage ] and diversify the choices of fuel better reflecting the true environmental costs of ]; it was partially implemented in 1993.<ref name="r__washingtonpost72174989" /> | |||
He helped broker the 1997 ], an international treaty designed to curb ].<ref name="kyotospeech" /><ref name="environinitiative" /> The treaty was not ratified in the United States after a 95 to 0 vote in the ]. The primary objections stemmed from the exemptions the treaty gave to China and India, whose ] and ] have grown rapidly, and fears that the exemptions would lead to further trade imbalances and offshoring arrangement with those countries.<ref name="r__ussenate19970725" /><ref name="r__nationalcenter19970725" /> | |||
Gore also supported the funding of the controversial, and much-delayed satellite called ], which would have provided an image of the Earth 24 hours a day, over the internet and would have acted as a barometer measuring the process of global warming.<ref name="r__nytimes19990601" /> During ], Gore ran, in part, on a pledge to ratify the Kyoto Protocol.<ref name="r__ontheissues_kyototreaty" /> | |||
=== The slide show === | |||
]]] | |||
Following his defeat in ] by ], Gore returned his focus to the topic. He edited and adapted a slide show he had compiled years earlier, and began featuring the slide show in presentations on global warming across the US and around the world. At the time of the film, Gore estimated he had shown the presentation more than one thousand times.<ref name="r__wiredmag200605" /> | |||
Producer Laurie David saw Gore's slide show in ] at a global warming town-hall meeting after the May 27, 2004 premiere of '']''.<ref name="goreleadingman" /> Gore was one of several panelists and he showed a ten-minute version of his slide show. | |||
<ref name="r__npr20070507" /> | |||
{{blockquote|I had never seen it before, and I was floored. As soon as the evening's program concluded, I asked him to let me present his full briefing to leaders and friends in New York and Los Angeles. I would do all the organizing if he would commit to the dates. Gore's presentation was the most powerful and clear explanation of global warming I had ever seen. And it became my mission to get everyone I knew to see it too.}} | |||
Inspired, David assembled a team, including producer Lawrence Bender and former president of ] ], who met with Gore about the possibility of making the slide show into a movie. It took some convincing. The slide show, she says, "was his baby, and he felt proprietary about it and it was hard for him to let go."<ref name="goreleadingman" /> | |||
David said the box office returns were not important to her, and that what was at stake was the planet, saying "none of us are going to make a dime."<ref name="goreleadingman" /> | |||
David and Bender later met with director Davis Guggenheim, to have him direct the film adaptation of his slide show. Guggenheim, who was skeptical at first, later saw the presentation for himself, stating that he was "blown away," and "left after an hour and a half thinking that global warming the most important issue ... I had no idea how you'd make a film out of it, but I wanted to try," he said.<ref name="r__worldchanging004388" /> | |||
In 2004 Gore enlisted Duarte Design to condense and update his material and add video and animation.<ref name="r__latime20080915" /> Ted Boda described the tools that went into designing the project: "Gore's presentation was in fact using Apple's ] presentation software (the same software ] presents from) and did so for a number of reasons. As a designer for the presentation, Keynote was the first choice to help create such an engaging presentation."<ref name="r__presentationzen20060601" /> | |||
Initially reluctant of the film adaptation, Gore said after he and the crew were into the production of the movie, the director, Guggenheim, earned his trust.<ref name="accidental-movie-star" /> | |||
{{blockquote|I had seen enough to gain a tremendous respect for his skill and sensitivity. And he said that one of the huge differences between a live stage performance and a movie is that when you're in the same room with a live person who's on stage speaking — even if it's me — there's an element of dramatic tension and human connection that keeps your attention. And in a movie, that element is just not present. He explained to me that you have to create that element on screen, by supplying a narrative thread that allows the audience to make a connection with one or more characters. He said, "You've got to be that character." So we talked about it, and as I say, by then he had earned such a high level of trust from me that he convinced me.}} | |||
=== Production === | |||
When Bender first saw Gore's visual presentation he had concerns about connection with viewers, citing a "need to find a personal way in." In the string of interviews with Gore that followed, Gore himself felt like they "were making ''Kill Al Vol. 3''".<ref name="lawrencebendertruthdig" /> Bender had other issues including a time frame that was "grueling" and needed to be done in "a very short period of time" despite many filming locations planned. These included many locations throughout the United States and also included China. "It was a lot of travel in a very short period of time. And they had to get this thing edited and cut starting in January, and ready to screen in May. That's like a seriously tight schedule. So the logistics of pulling it off with a low budget were really difficult, and if there's one person who gets credit, it's Leslie Chilcott, because she really pulled it together."<ref name="lawrencebendertruthdig" /> | |||
"Most of my movies take a year and a half, if not two and a half," Guggenheim said. "We all felt like we were on a mission from God just to make it as fast as we could. We just felt like it was urgent. The clock was ticking, and people had to see it."<ref name="grist2016" /> | |||
====Title==== | |||
The producers struggled to find an effective title for the film. "We had a lot of really bad titles," Guggenheim recalled. "One was ''The Rising''. I remember Al talking about whether he should give ] a call, because he had an album out called '']''. It had a great triple-entendre, because it was like the sea-level rising and the idea of people rising. So we got excited about that for a while."<ref name="grist2016"/> "There were also some really bad ones like ''Too Hot to Handle,''" he added. "Maybe that's not right, but it was something with 'hot,' ya know? We had a lot of hot puns."<ref name="grist2016"/> | |||
Guggenheim said that he asked Gore why climate change was "so hard for people to grasp," to which Gore replied, "Because it's an inconvenient truth, ya know." " In the back of my head, I go, that's the title of our movie," Guggenheim said.<ref name="grist2016"/> | |||
Initially, the title was not a popular choice. Gore recalled saying "Nah, I don't think so" but Guggenheim "defended it vigorously against other titles." "People thought it was hard to say, people thought it wasn't fun, it wasn't sexy," Guggenheim remembered. "Days before we went to Sundance and had to decide, there was a large group of people who did not like the title."<ref name="grist2016"/> | |||
====Technical aspects==== | |||
The majority of the movie shows Gore delivering his lecture to an audience at a relatively small theater in Los Angeles. Gore's presentation was delivered on a 70-foot (21 m) digital screen that Bender commissioned specifically for the movie.<ref name="lawrencebendertruthdig" /> | |||
While the bulk of the film was shot on 4:4:4 ], according to director Guggenheim, a vast array of different film formats were used: "There's ] and ]. A lot of the stuff on the farm I just shot myself on ]. We used four ] HDCAMs for the presentation. We shot three different kinds of ] HD, both 30 and 24. There's MiniDV, there's 3200 black-and-white stills, there's digital stills, some of them emailed on the day they were taken from as far off as Greenland. There was three or four different types of animation. One of the animators is from New Zealand and emailed me his work. There's JPEG stuff."<ref name="sheddinglight" /> | |||
Guggenheim said that while it would have been a lot easier to use one format, it would not have had the same impact. "Each format has its own feel and texture and touch. For the storytelling of what Gore's memory was like of growing up on the farm, some of this 8mm stuff that I shot is very impressionistic. And for some of his memories of his son's accident, these grainy black-and-white stills ... have a feel that contrasted very beautifully with the crisp hi-def HD that we shot. Every format was used to its best potential. Some of the footage of Katrina has this blown-out video, where the chroma is just blasted, and it looks real muddy, but that too has its own kind of powerful, impactful feeling."<ref name="sheddinglight" /> | |||
==Scientific basis== | |||
{{further|Scientific consensus on climate change}} | |||
], which shows a pattern of steadily increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere since 1958.]] | |||
The film lays out the scientific consensus that global warming is real, potentially catastrophic, and ]. Gore presents specific | |||
data to support this, including: | |||
* The ], which depicts the long-term increase in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration as measured from the ]. | |||
* The ] is shown with before-and-after photographs. | |||
* A study by researchers at the Physics Institute of the ] and the ] (EPICA) presenting data from Antarctic ]s showing carbon dioxide concentrations higher than at any time during the past 650,000 years.<ref name="r__sciencejnl_v310_i5752_p1313_1317" /> | |||
* Data from the atmospheric ] showing that the ten hottest years ever measured had all occurred in the previous fourteen years. | |||
* A 2004 survey by ] of 928 peer-reviewed scientific articles on global climate change published between 1993 and 2003. The survey, published as an editorial in the journal '']'', found that every article either supported the human-caused global warming consensus or did not comment on it.<ref name="r__sciencejnl_v306_i5702_p1686" /> Gore also presents a 2004 study by Max and ] showing 53% of articles that appeared in major US newspapers over a fourteen-year period gave roughly equal attention to scientists who expressed views that global warming was caused by humans as they did to ] (many of them funded by carbon-based industry interests), creating a ].<ref name="r__fairorg200411_p1978" /> | |||
The ] contacted more than 100 climate researchers and questioned them about the film's veracity. All 19 climate scientists who had seen the movie or had read the ] said that Gore accurately conveyed the science, with few errors.<ref name="scientistsokmovieforaccuracy" /> | |||
], dean of the Nicholas School of Environment and Earth Sciences at ], said " got all the important material and got it right." ], chairman of the ], was also impressed. "I sat there and I'm amazed at how thorough and accurate. After the presentation I said, 'Al, I'm absolutely blown away. There's a lot of details you could get wrong.'...I could find no error."<ref name="scientistsokmovieforaccuracy" /> ], scientific author and founder of ], wrote in '']'' that Gore's slide show "shocked me out of my doubting stance."<ref name="r__sciam200606" /> Eric Steig, a climate scientist writing on ], lauded the film's science as "remarkably up to date, with reference to some of the very latest research."<ref name="gore-steig" /> Ted Scambos, lead scientist from the ], said the film "does an excellent job of outlining the science behind global warming and the challenges society faces in the coming century because of it."<ref name="r__nsidc20100403" /> | |||
One concern among scientists in the film was the ], which at the time was contentious in the scientific community. Gore cited five recent scientific studies to support his view.<ref name="scientistsokmovieforaccuracy" /> "I thought the use of imagery from ] was inappropriate and unnecessary in this regard, as there are plenty of disturbing impacts associated with global warming for which there is much greater scientific consensus," said Brian Soden, professor of meteorology and oceanography at the University of Miami.<ref name="scientistsokmovieforaccuracy" /> ], climate modeler for NASA, thought Gore appropriately addressed the issue.<ref name="did-al-get-the-science-right" /> "Gore talked about 2005 and 2004 being very strong seasons, and if you weren't paying attention, you could be left with the impression that there was a direct cause and effect, but he was very careful to not say there's a direct correlation," Schmidt said.<ref name="did-al-get-the-science-right" /> "There is a difference between saying 'we are confident that they will increase' and 'we are confident that they have increased due to this effect,'" added Steig. "Never in the movie does he say: 'This particular event is caused by global warming.'"<ref name="did-al-get-the-science-right" /> | |||
] and ] ice cores display the relationship between temperature and level of CO<sub>2</sub> for the last 650,000 years. ("Current CO<sub>2</sub> level" is as of 2006.)]] | |||
Gore's use of long ice core records of CO<sub>2</sub> and temperature (from oxygen isotope measurements) in Antarctic ice cores to illustrate the correlation between the two drew some scrutiny; Schmidt, Steig and ] back up Gore's data. "Gore stated that the greenhouse gas levels and temperature changes over ice age signals had a complex relationship but that they 'fit'. Both of these statements are true," said Schmidt and Mann.<ref name="convenient-untruths" /> "The complexity though is actually quite fascinating ... a full understanding of why CO<sub>2</sub> changes in precisely the pattern that it does during ice ages is elusive, but among the most plausible explanations is that increased received ] in the southern hemisphere due to changes in Earth's orbital geometry warms the southern ocean, releasing CO<sub>2</sub> into the atmosphere, which then leads to further warming through an enhanced greenhouse effect. Gore's terse explanation does not delve into such complexities, but the crux of his point—that the observed long-term relationship between CO<sub>2</sub> and temperature in Antarctica supports our understanding of the warming impact of increased CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations—is correct. Moreover, our knowledge of why CO<sub>2</sub> is changing now (fossil fuel burning) is solid. We also know that CO<sub>2</sub> is a greenhouse gas, and that the ] feedback is positive (increasing temperatures lead to increasing CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub>), implying that future changes in CO<sub>2</sub> will be larger than we might anticipate."<ref name="convenient-untruths" /> "Gore is careful not to state what the temperature/CO<sub>2</sub> scaling is," said Steig. "He is making a qualitative point, which is entirely accurate. The fact is that it would be difficult or impossible to explain past changes in temperature during the ice age cycles without CO<sub>2</sub> changes. In that sense, the ice core CO<sub>2</sub>-temperature correlation remains an appropriate demonstration of the influence of CO<sub>2</sub> on climate."<ref name="gore-steig" /> | |||
Steig disputed Gore's statement that one can visibly see the effect that the ] has had on ice cores in Antarctica. "One can neither see, nor even detect using sensitive chemical methods any evidence in Antarctica of the Clean Air Act," he said, but did note that they are "clearly recorded in ice core records from Greenland."<ref name="another-look" /> Despite these flaws, Steig said that the film got the fundamental science right and the minor factual errors did not undermine the main message of the film,<ref name="another-look" /> adding "''An Inconvenient Truth'' rests on a solid scientific foundation."<ref name="another-look" /> | |||
], Earth Science professor at ], whose work on retreating glaciers was featured in the film, was pleased with how his research was presented. "It's so hard given the breadth of this topic to be factually correct, and make sure you don't lose your audience," Thompson said. <blockquote>"As scientists, we publish our papers in ''Science'' and ''Nature'', but very few people read those. Here's another way to get this message out. To me, it's an excellent overview for an introductory class at a university. What are the issues and what are the possible consequences of not doing anything about those changes? To me, it has tremendous value. It will reach people that scientists will never reach."<ref name="did-al-get-the-science-right"/></blockquote> | |||
] from ] said the "main scientific argument presented in the movie is for the most part consistent with the weight of scientific evidence, but with some of the main points needing updating, correction, or qualification."<ref name="ait-the-scientific-argument" /> Nielsen-Gammon thought the film neglected information gained from computer models, and instead relied entirely on past and current observational evidence, "perhaps because such information would be difficult for a | |||
lay audience to grasp, believe, or connect with emotionally."<ref name="ait-the-scientific-argument" /> | |||
Steven Quiring, a climatologist from Texas A&M University, added that "whether scientists like it or not, ''An Inconvenient Truth'' has had a much greater impact on public opinion and public awareness of global climate change than any scientific paper or report."<ref name="r__geojnl2008_v70_p1_3" /> | |||
==Reception== | |||
===Box office=== | |||
The film opened in New York City and Los Angeles on May 24, 2006.<ref name="r__deadline201605" /> On ] weekend, it grossed an average of $91,447 per theater, the highest of any movie that weekend and a record for a documentary, though it was only playing on four screens at the time.<ref name="r__imdbnews20060530" /> | |||
At the 2006 Sundance Film Festival, the movie received three ]s.<ref name="r__onfireatsundance20060126" /> It was also screened at the ]<ref name="r__cannesff4320887" /> and was the opening night film at the 27th ] on June 14, 2006.<ref name="r__ukzn" /> | |||
''An Inconvenient Truth'' was the most popular documentary at the 2006 ].<ref name="r__brisbaneff2006" /> | |||
The film has grossed over $24 million in the US, making it the eleventh-highest-grossing documentary in the US (from 1982 to the present).<ref name="r__mojo_11th_grossing" /> It grossed nearly $26 million in foreign countries, the highest being France, where it grossed $5 million.<ref name="r__mojo_countries" /> According to Gore, "] and I are devoting 100 percent of the profits from the book and the movie to a new bipartisan educational campaign to further spread the message about global warming."<ref name="r__treehugger" /> ] committed 5% of their domestic theatrical gross from the film to form a new bipartisan climate action group, ], dedicated to awareness and grassroots organizing.<ref name="r__afcp20070110" /> | |||
===Critical response=== | |||
The film received a positive reaction from film critics and audiences. It has a 93% rating at ], based on 166 reviews, and an average rating of 7.74/10. The website's critical consensus states, "This candid, powerful and informative documentary illuminates some of the myths surrounding its dual subjects: global warming and Al Gore".<ref name="r__metacritic" /> At '']'', which assigns a ] score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the film has received an average score of 75, based on 32 reviews.<ref name="meta" /> | |||
Film critics ] and ] gave the film "two thumbs up". Ebert said, "In 39 years, I have never written these words in a movie review, but here they are: You owe it to yourself to see this film. If you do not, and you have grandchildren, you should explain to them why you decided not to,"<ref name="r__rogerebertsuntimes" /> calling the film "horrifying, enthralling and the potential, I believe, to actually change public policy and begin a process which could save the Earth".<ref name="goreplaysleadingman" /> | |||
'']'' critic ] called the film "One of the most realistic documentaries I've ever seen—and, dry as it is, one of the most devastating in its implications."<ref name="r__nymag_rv52847" /> '']''{{'s}} ] added that while it was "not the most entertaining film of the year ... it might be the most important" and a "brilliantly lucid, often riveting attempt to warn Americans off our hellbent path to global suicide."<ref name="r__newyorker20060524_060424" /> | |||
'']'' reviewer ] thought the film was "edited crisply enough to keep it from feeling like 90 minutes of ] and shaped to give Mr. Gore's argument a real sense of drama," and "as unsettling as it can be," Scott continued, "it is also intellectually exhilarating, and, like any good piece of pedagogy, whets the appetite for further study."<ref name="r__nytimes20100616" /> | |||
'']'' critic Jayson Harsin declared the film's aesthetic qualities groundbreaking, as a new genre of slideshow film.<ref name="r__brightlightsfilmjnl201608" /> | |||
] climatologist ] described the film as powerful, complemented by detail in the book. Hansen said that "Gore has put together a coherent account of a complex topic that Americans desperately need to understand. The story is scientifically accurate and yet should be understandable to the public, a public that is less and less drawn to science." He added that with ''An Inconvenient Truth'', "Al Gore may have done for global warming what '']'' did for pesticides. He will be attacked, but the public will have the information needed to distinguish our long-term well-being from short-term special interests."<ref name="r__nybooks20060713_19131" /> | |||
In "extensive exit polling" of ''An Inconvenient Truth'' in "conservative suburban markets like Plano and Irvine (Orange County), as well as Dallas and Long Island", 92 percent rated "Truth" highly and 87 percent of the respondents said they'd recommend the film to a friend.<ref name="r__sfchronical20090225" /> ] professor Michele Poff argued that Gore was successful in communicating to conservative-leaning audiences by framing the ] as apolitical.<ref name="poff" /> "Gore's and the environment's identification with the Democratic Party posed a significant challenge to reaching Republicans and conservatives, as well as those disgruntled with politics in general," Poff wrote. <blockquote>"To appeal to such individuals, Gore framed the matter as distinctly apolitical – as an issue both outside politics and one that was crucial regardless of one's ideological leanings. These explicit attempts to frame the issue as apolitical take on further gravitas when we consider how Gore infused the film with reflections of conservative values. Indeed, Gore reached deeply into the value structure of American conservatives to highlight ideals that suggested his cause was not liberal, but rather was beyond politics, beyond ideology."<ref name="poff"/></blockquote> | |||
A small number of reviews criticized the film on scientific and political grounds. Journalist ] argued in the ] magazine '']'' that although "Gore gets more right than wrong," he exaggerates the risks.<ref name="r__reason_rb061606" /> ] atmospheric physicist ] was vocally critical of the film, writing in a June 26, 2006 op-ed in ''The Wall Street Journal'' that Gore was using a biased presentation to exploit the fears of the public for his own political gain.<ref name="r__ussenate20060626" /> | |||
A few other reviewers were also skeptical of Gore's intent, wondering whether he was setting himself for another Presidential run. '']'' writer Peter Canellos criticized the "gauzy biographical material that seems to have been culled from old Gore campaign commercials."<ref name="r__bostonglobe20060626" /> ] of '']'' gave the film a negative review, saying "''An Inconvenient Truth'' is something you rarely see in movies today: a blatant intellectual fraud."<ref name="r__filmthreat_rev8451" /> | |||
Others felt that Gore did not go far enough in depicting the threat ] faced with the dire consequences of climate change. "''An Inconvenient Truth'' completely ignores the plight of Arctic indigenous peoples whose cultures and landscapes are facing profound changes produced by melting polar ice," argued environmental historian Finis Dunaway.<ref name="r__seeinggreen_2015_9780226169903" /> | |||
==Accolades {{anchor|Awards}}== | |||
''An Inconvenient Truth'' has received many different awards worldwide. The film won two awards at the ]: ]<ref name="2006_Oscar" /> and ] for ]'s "]".<ref name="r__oscars20070225" /> It is the first documentary to win 2 Oscars and the first to win a best original song Oscar.<ref name="r__postgazette20080122_08022_851177_331" /><ref name="r__latimes2802194_20070225" /> After winning the 2007 Academy Award for Documentary Feature,<ref name="79thOscar" /> the Oscar was awarded to director Guggenheim, who asked Gore to join him and other members of the crew on stage. Gore then gave a brief speech, saying: | |||
{{blockquote|text=My fellow Americans, people all over the world, we need to solve the climate crisis. It's not a political issue; it's a moral issue. We have everything we need to get started, with the possible exception of the will to act. That's a renewable resource. Let's renew it.<ref name="landslide-gore"/>}} | |||
For Gore's wide-reaching efforts to draw the world's attention to the dangers of global warming which is centerpieced in the film, Al Gore, along with the ] (IPCC), won the 2007 ].<ref name="nobelpeaceprize" /> Gore also received the ] in 2007 for international cooperation.<ref name="r__fundacionprincipedeasturias2007" /><ref name="r__expatica_81_36238" /> The related album, which featured the voices of ], ] and ], also won ] at the ].<ref name="r__grammy2009" /> | |||
The film received numerous other accolades, including a special recognition from the ], the first time the organization had handed out a Special Award in over 10 years,<ref name="thehumanitasprize" /> the 2007 ] from The Producers Guild of America, which recognizes "work that dramatically illustrates provocative social issues"<ref name="stanleykramer" /> and the President's Award 2007 from the ] "for demonstrating that effective and understandable technical communication, when coupled with passion and vision, has the power to educate—and change—the world."<ref name="presidentsaward" /> | |||
The film won many other awards for ''Best Documentary'':<ref name="r__yahoomovies1809257809" /> | |||
{| | |||
| | |||
* Chicago Film Critics Association 2006<ref name="r__chicagofilmcritics_id48_item58" /> | |||
* Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association 2006<ref name="r__dfwfilmcritics2006" /><ref name="r__imdb_dfwfcaa20061218" /> | |||
* Florida Film Critics 2006<ref name="r__altfg_ffcca2006" /> | |||
* Kansas City Film Critics Awards 2006<ref name="r__kcfilmcritics" /> | |||
* Las Vegas Film Critics Society 2006<ref name="r__lvfcs" /> | |||
* National Board of Review 2006<ref name="r__edendaletypepad200612" /> | |||
* National Society of Film Critics 2006<ref name="r__indiewire200701" /> | |||
* New York Film Critics Online 2006<ref name="r__nyfco20061210" /> | |||
| | |||
* Ohio Film Critics Awards 2006<ref name="r__cofca2006" /> | |||
* Oklahoma Film Critics Circle Awards 2006<ref name="r__oklahomafilm200612" /> | |||
* Online Film Critics Society 2006<ref name="r__altfg_ofcsa2006" /> | |||
* Phoenix Film Critics Circle 2006<ref name="r__pfcca2006" /> | |||
* Satellite Awards 2006 ''(Nominated)''<ref name="r__pressacademy_satelliteawards2006" /> | |||
* St. Louis Film Critics Awards 2006<ref name="r__moviecitynews_lsgfca2007" /> | |||
* Utah Film Critics Awards 2006<ref name="r__moviecitynews_ufca2006" /> | |||
* Washington D.C. Film Critics Association 2006<ref name="r__sceneone20061211_298_2" /> | |||
|} | |||
== Impact == | |||
] data shows that, following the 2006 release of ''An Inconvenient Truth,'' there was an increase in the number of ] for the term ''],'' which Gore often used instead of the more neutral ''climate change.''<ref name="Medium_20181218" /> Also graphed: searches for ''].]] | |||
] | |||
The documentary has been generally well-received politically in many parts of the world and is credited for raising further awareness of global warming internationally.<ref name="globalsurvey" /> The film inspired producer ] to conceive the 2007 '']'' festival<ref name="r__usatoday20070628" /> and influenced Italian composer ] to write an operatic adaptation, entitled "]," premiering at ] in ] in 2015.<ref name="r__eenews1060019537" /> | |||
According to the '']'', in response to the documentary, <blockquote>"Pro-industry conservative politicians and their supporters (many of whom saw global warming as a hoax designed to bilk taxpayers out of their money) lined up on one side, while scientists and more-liberal politicians (who pressed that global warming was among the most important issues humanity would face) teamed up on the other",</blockquote> adding that "Most remember the film as part motivational science lecture with slick graphics and part self-reflection."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rafferty |first=John P. |date=2016 |title=An Inconvenient Truth: 10 Years Hence |url=https://www.britannica.com/story/an-inconvenient-truth-10-years-hence |access-date=2022-10-23 |website=] |language=en}}</ref> | |||
=== Activism === | |||
Following the film, Gore founded ] in 2006 which trained 1,000 activists to give Gore's presentation in their communities. Presently, the group has 3,500 presenters worldwide.<ref name="inconvenient-youth" /> An additional initiative was launched in 2010, called ]. "'Inconvenient Youth' is built on the belief that teens can help lead efforts to solve the climate crisis," said Gore. The project was inspired by Mary Doerr, a 16-year-old who trained as presenter for the organization.<ref name="inconvenient-youth"/> | |||
] professor Jessica Nolan found in a 2010 study published for '']'' that people became more informed and concerned about climate change right after seeing the film but that these concerns did not translate into changed behavior a month later.<ref name="r__environmentandbehavior2010_v42_i5_p643_658" /> On the contrary, in a 2011 paper published in the '']'', ] professor Grant Jacobsen found in the two months following the release of the film, zip codes within a 10-mile (16 km) radius of a zip code where the film was shown experienced a 50 percent relative increase in the purchase of voluntary ]s.<ref name="r__uoregon2011_v61_i1_p67_68" /> | |||
===Public opinion=== | |||
In a July 2007 47-country Internet survey conducted by ] and ], 66% of those respondents who said they had seen ''An Inconvenient Truth'' stated that it had "changed their mind" about global warming and 89% said it had made them more aware of the problem. Three out of four (74%) said they had changed some of their habits because of seeing the film.<ref name="globalsurvey"/> | |||
===Governmental reactions=== | |||
Then-President ], when asked whether he would watch the film, responded: "Doubt it." "New technologies will change how we live and how we drive our cars, which all will have the beneficial effect of improving the environment," Bush said. "And in my judgment we need to set aside whether or not greenhouse gases have been caused by mankind or because of natural effects and focus on the technologies that will enable us to live better lives and at the same time protect the environment". Gore responded that "The entire global scientific community has a consensus on the question that human beings are responsible for global warming and he has today again expressed personal doubt that that is true." White House deputy press secretary ] stated that "The president noted in 2001 the increase in temperatures over the past 100 years and that the increase in greenhouse gases was due to a certain extent to human activity".<ref name="APBush" /> | |||
] screened the film. ] Democratic Senator ] and ] Democratic Senator ] saw the movie at its Washington premiere at the National Geographic Society.<ref name="r__cbsnews20060518_1628199" /><ref name="republicans-not-warming" /> ] Democratic Senator ] planned to see the film saying "It's such a powerful statement because of the way the movie is put together, I tell everybody, Democrat or Republican, they've got to go see this movie."<ref name="republicans-not-warming"/> Former ] Republican Senator ] thought Gore's prominence on the global warming issue made it more difficult to get a consensus in Congress. Bingaman disputed this saying, "It seems to me we were having great difficulty recruiting Republican members of Congress to support a bill before Al Gore came up with this movie."<ref name="republicans-not-warming"/> | |||
] Republican Senator ], then-chairman of the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee, said that he did not plan to see the film (which he appears in), and compared it to ]'s book '']''. "If you say the same lie over and over again, and particularly if you have the media's support, people will believe it," Inhofe said, adding that he thought Gore was trying to use the issue to run for president again in 2008.<ref name="republicans-not-warming"/> In contrast to Inhofe, Arizona Republican Senator ], did not criticize Gore's efforts or the movie, which he planned to see.<ref name="republicans-not-warming"/> ] Republican Senator ], said "Because (Gore) was a former vice president and presidential nominee, he brings a lot of visibility to (the issue)," Alexander said. "On the other hand it may be seen as political by some, and they may be less eager to be a part of it." Alexander also criticized the omission of nuclear power in the film. "Maybe it needs a sequel: 'An Inconvenient Truth 2: Nuclear Power.'"<ref name="republicans-not-warming"/> | |||
In September 2006, Gore traveled to ], ], to promote the film. Then-Australian Prime Minister ] said he would not meet with Gore or agree to ] because of the movie: "I don't take policy advice from films." Former Opposition Leader ] joined Gore for a viewing and other ] attended a special screening at ] earlier in the week.<ref name="Howard-isolated" /> After winning the general election a year later, Prime Minister ] ratified Kyoto in his first week of office, leaving the United States the only industrialized nation in the world not to have signed the treaty.<ref name="Howard-isolated"/> | |||
In the United Kingdom, ] party leader and future Prime Minister ] urged people to watch the film in order to understand climate change.<ref name="r__guardian20061004_0__1887540_00" /> In ], activist ] persuaded the entire Belgian government to see the film.<ref name="r__vrtnieuws20061031_1_22085" /> | |||
200 politicians and political staff accepted her invitation, among whom were Belgian prime minister ] and Minister-President of Flanders, ].<ref name="standaard-200" /> In ], the film was screened by president ].<ref name="r__ticotimes20061027" /> Arias's subsequent championing of the climate change issue was greatly influenced by the film.<ref name="r__timemag_0_8599_1927452_00" /> | |||
===Industry and business=== | |||
The ] released pro-] television ads in preparation for the film's release in May 2006. The ads featured a little girl blowing a dandelion with the tagline, "Carbon dioxide. They call it pollution. We call it life."<ref name="GristCEI" /> | |||
In August 2006, '']'' revealed that a ] video lampooning Gore and the movie, titled '']'', appeared to be "]" by ], a Washington ] firm.<ref name="GoreSpoof" /><ref name="r__timesonline_700813" /> | |||
==Use in education== | |||
Several colleges and high schools have featured the film in science ].<ref name="r__canada_nationalpost_27a24986008e4a55a18cfb3fb7acf0e9" /> In Germany, German Environment Minister ] bought 6,000 DVDs of ''An Inconvenient Truth'' to make it available to German schools.<ref name="r__spiegel20071013_0_1518_511325_00" /> Prime Minister ] distributed 30000 copies to the ] schools in October 2007.<ref name="r__elpias20071015_1192399203_850215" /> In ], ], Canada, the ] made ''An Inconvenient Truth'' available at schools and as an educational resource.<ref name="r__hdsb20070424" /> | |||
===In the United Kingdom=== | |||
As part of a nationwide "Sustainable Schools Year of Action" launched in late 2006, the ], ] and ] announced between January–March 2007 that copies of ''An Inconvenient Truth'' would be sent to all their ]s. The film was placed into the science curriculum for fourth and sixth-year students in ] as a joint initiative between ] and ].<ref name="r__theheralduk_var_1126957_0_0" /> | |||
====Dimmock case==== | |||
{{further|Dimmock v Secretary of State for Education and Skills}} | |||
In May 2007, Stewart Dimmock—a school governor from ], ], and member of the right-wing ]—challenged the UK Government's distribution of the film in a lawsuit, '']'', with help from political ally and New Party founder ],<ref name="r__newpartyuk200705" /><ref name="Leake" /> who notably pointed out "35 serious scientific errors".<ref name="r__scienceandpublicpolicy20151012" /> The plaintiffs sought an ] preventing the screening of the film in English schools, arguing that by law schools are forbidden to promote partisan political views and, when dealing with political issues, are required to provide a balanced presentation of opposing views. | |||
On October 10, 2007, ] Justice Michael Burton, after explaining that the requirement for a balanced presentation does not warrant that equal weight be given to alternative views of a mainstream view, ruled that it was clear that the film was substantially founded upon scientific research and fact, albeit that the science had been used, in the hands of a "talented politician and communicator", to make a political statement and to support a political program.<ref name="dimmock" /> The judge ruled that ''An Inconvenient Truth'' contained nine scientific errors and thus must be accompanied by an explanation of those errors before being shown to school children. The judge said that showing the film without the explanations of error would be a violation of education laws.<ref name="BBC" /> | |||
The judge concluded "I have no doubt that Dr Stott, the Defendant's expert, is right when he says that: 'Al Gore's presentation of the causes and likely ] in the film was broadly accurate.'" On the basis of testimony from ] and the arguments put forth by the claimant's lawyers, the judge also pointed to ], i.e. statements the truth of which he did not rule on, but that he found to depart from the ].<ref name="BBC"/><ref name="Smith" /><ref name="r__telegraphuk20071011_3310137" /> He also found that some of these departures from the mainstream arose in the context of alarmism and exaggeration in support of political theses.<ref name="r__thisislondon20071011_23416151" /><ref name="r__foxnews20091121" /> Since the government had already accepted to amend the guidance notes to address these along with other points in a fashion that the judge found satisfactory, no order was made on the application. | |||
Government Minister of Children, Young People and Families, ] stated: "We have updated the accompanying guidance, as requested by the judge to make it clearer for teachers as to the stated ] position on a number of scientific points raised in the film."<ref name="r__guardian20071010" /> Plaintiff Dimmock complained that "no amount of turgid guidance" could change his view that the film was unsuitable for the classroom.<ref name="r__telegraph20071002" /><ref name="r__guardian20071015" /> | |||
===In the United States=== | |||
In January 2007, the ] voted to require an approval by the principal and the superintendent for teachers to show the film to students and that the teachers must include the presentation of an approved "opposing view".<ref name="FedWayBan" /> The moratorium was repealed, at a meeting on January 23, after a predominantly negative community reaction.<ref name="FedWayLift" /> Shortly thereafter, the school board in ], calling the film a "controversial issue", prevented the Environmental Club of ] from showing it, pending review by the school board, teachers, principal, and parents.<ref name="r__kndo20070124" /> It lifted the stay a month later, upon the approval by a review panel.<ref name="r__firstamendmentcenter20070203" /> | |||
==== National Science Teachers Association ==== | |||
In the United States, 50,000 free copies of ''An Inconvenient Truth'' were offered to the ] (NSTA), which declined to take them. Producer David provided an email correspondence from the NSTA detailing that their reasoning was that the DVDs would place "unnecessary risk upon the capital campaign, especially certain targeted supporters," and that they saw "little, if any, benefit to NSTA or its members" in accepting the free DVDs.<ref name="r__huffpost20061012" /> In public, the NSTA argued that distributing this film to its members would have been contrary to a long-standing NSTA policy against distributing unsolicited materials to its members. The NSTA also said that they had offered several other options for distributing the film but ultimately " appears that these alternative distribution mechanisms were unsatisfactory."<ref name="r__nsta20061128_52977" /> | |||
David has said that NSTA Executive Director Gerry Wheeler promised in a telephone conversation to explore alternatives with NSTA's board for advertising the film but she had not yet received an alternative offer at the time of NSTA's public claim. She also said that she rejected their subsequent offers because they were nothing more than offers to sell their "commercially available member mailing list" and advertising space in their magazine and newsletter, which are available to anyone.<ref name="crooked" /> The ] publication ''ScienceNOW'' published an assessment discussing both sides of the NSTA decision in which it was reported that "David says NSTA's imprimatur was essential and that buying a mailing list is a nonstarter. 'You don't want to send out a cold letter, and it costs a lot of money,' she says. 'There are a thousand reasons why that wouldn't work.'"<ref name="r__sciencenews20061130_2006_1130_3" /> | |||
A '']'' editorial called the decision "Science ''a la'' ]", citing for example that the NSTA had received $6 million since 1996 from ], which had a representative on the organization's corporate board.<ref name="r__washingtonpost20061124_00789" /> David noted that in the past, NSTA had shipped out 20,000 copies of a 10-part video produced by Wheeler with funding provided by ] in 2003. NSTA indicated that they retained editorial control over the content, which David questioned based on the point of view portrayed in the global warming section of the video.<ref name="crooked" /> | |||
===In New Zealand=== | |||
Former ] Member of Parliament ] filed a petition to have New Zealand schoolchildren be protected from political indoctrination by putting provisions that resembled those in the UK to the Education Act. The petition was in response to concerned parents who talked with Newman after ''An Inconvenient Truth'' was shown in schools in 2007. The parents were apparently worried that teachers were not pointing out supposed inaccuracies in the film and were not explaining differing viewpoints.<ref name="r__dompostnz20100422" /> | |||
== Music == | |||
{{Infobox album| | |||
| name = An Inconvenient Truth: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack | |||
| type = Soundtrack | |||
| artist = ] | |||
| cover = | |||
| alt = | |||
| released = {{Start date|2006|9|26}} | |||
| recorded = | |||
| venue = | |||
| studio = | |||
| genre = | |||
| length = 44:43 | |||
| label = High Wire Music | |||
| producer = ] | |||
| prev_title = | |||
| prev_year = | |||
| next_title = | |||
| next_year = | |||
}} | |||
{{Music ratings | |||
| rev1 = ] | |||
| rev1Score = {{Rating|3|5}}<ref name="r__allmusic_r856432" /> | |||
}} | |||
''An Inconvenient Truth'' was ] by ] with an accompanying theme song played during the end credits by ]. Brook explained that he wanted to bring out the emotion expressed in the film: "... in An Inconvenient Truth, there's a lot of information and it's kind of a lecture, in a way, and very well organized and very well presented, but it's a lot to absorb. And the director, Guggenheim, wanted to have – sort of give people a little break every once in a while and say, okay, you don't have to absorb this information, you can just sort of – and it was more the personal side of Al Gore's life or how it connected to the theme of the film. And that's when there's music."<ref name="michaelbrooknpr" /> | |||
Etheridge agreed to write ''An Inconvenient Truth''{{'s}} theme song, "]" after viewing Gore's slide show.<ref name="melissaetheridgelatimes" /> "I was so honored he would ask me to contribute to a project that is so powerful and so important, I felt such a huge responsibility," she said. "Then I went, 'What am I going to write? What am I going to say?' " Etheridge's former partner, ], told her: "Write what you feel, because that's what people are going to feel."<ref name="melissaetheridgelatimes" /> Of Etheridge's commitment to the project, Gore said, "Melissa is a rare soul who gives a lot of time and effort to causes in which she strongly believes."<ref name="melissaetheridgelatimes" /> Etheridge received the 2006 ] for "I Need to Wake Up." Upon receiving the award, she noted in her acceptance speech: | |||
{{blockquote|text=Mostly I have to thank Al Gore, for inspiring us, for inspiring me, showing that caring about the Earth is not ] or ]; it's not red or blue, it's all green.<ref name="landslide-gore" />}} | |||
{{Track listing | |||
|title1=Main Title (River View) | |||
|length1=1:23 | |||
|title2=Science | |||
|length2=2:54 | |||
|title3=Prof. Revelle | |||
|length3=2:07 | |||
|title4=How Could I Spend My Time? | |||
|length4=2:40 | |||
|title5=Katrina | |||
|length5=1:36 | |||
|title6=Election | |||
|length6=2:58 | |||
|title7=Farm, Pt. 1 | |||
|length7=1:43 | |||
|title8=Farm, Pt. 2 | |||
|length8=3:04 | |||
|title9=Airport | |||
|length9=2:14 | |||
|title10=Flood | |||
|length10=2:15 | |||
|title11=Beijing | |||
|length11=1:21 | |||
|title12=Tobacco | |||
|length12=2:11 | |||
|title13=1000 Slide Shows | |||
|length13=2:19 | |||
|title14=Earth Alone | |||
|length14=3:30 | |||
|title15=Best Unsaid | |||
|length15=2:40 | |||
|title16=Boom | |||
|length16=1:58 | |||
|title17=Carte Noir | |||
|length17=3:09 | |||
}} | |||
== Book and documentary == | |||
Gore's ] was published concurrently with the theatrical release of the documentary. The book contains additional information, scientific analysis, and Gore's commentary on the issues presented in the documentary.<ref name="r__nytimes20060523" /><ref name="r__nybooks20060713" /> A 2007 documentary entitled ''An Update with Former Vice President Al Gore'' features Gore discussing additional information that came to light after the film was completed, such as ], ] depletion, glacial earthquake activity on the ], ]s, and trapped methane gas release associated with ] melting.<ref name="algoreupdate" /> | |||
==Sequel== | |||
{{Main|An Inconvenient Sequel: Truth to Power}} | |||
] during the ].]] | |||
When asked during a Reddit "Ask Me Anything" in October 2013 whether there were plans for a follow-up film, Guggenheim said, "I think about it a lot – I think we need one right now."<ref name="RedditAMA" /> In 2014, '']'' reported that the producers of the film were in talks over a possible sequel.<ref name="sequel" /> "We have had conversations," co-producer Bender said. "We've met; we've discussed. If we are going to make a movie, we want it to have an impact."<ref name="sequel"/> Co-producer David also believed a sequel was needed. "God, do we need one," David said. "Everything in that movie has come to pass. At the time we did the movie, there was ]; now we have ] events every other week. The update has to be incredible and shocking."<ref name="sequel"/> | |||
In December 2016, Al Gore announced that a follow-up to ''An Inconvenient Truth'' would open at the 2017 ]. The film was screened in the ''Climate'' section, a new section for films featuring themes of climate and the environment.<ref name="guardian-2016" /> It was released by ] on July 28, 2017.<ref name="r__aninconvenientsequel20170728" /> | |||
== See also == | |||
* '']'' | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* '']'' | |||
* '']'' | |||
== References == | |||
{{Reflist|30em|refs= | |||
<!-- sorted by publication date order, oldest first --> | |||
<ref name="r__washingtonpost72174989">{{cite news | |||
| date=30 July 1993 | |||
| url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/72174989.html?dids=72174989:72174989&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=JUL+30%2C+1993&author=Eric+Pianin%3B+David+S.+Hilzenrath&pub=The+Washington+Post&desc=Hill+Agrees+to+Raise+Gas+Tax+4.3+Cents%3B+Accord+Clears+Big+Hurdle+for+Budget&pqatl=google | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511124755/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/72174989.html?dids=72174989:72174989&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=JUL+30%2C+1993&author=Eric+Pianin%3B+David+S.+Hilzenrath&pub=The+Washington+Post&desc=Hill+Agrees+to+Raise+Gas+Tax+4.3+Cents%3B+Accord+Clears+Big+Hurdle+for+Budget&pqatl=google | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
| archive-date=May 11, 2011 | |||
| title=Hill Agrees to Raise Gas Tax 4.3 Cents; Accord Clears Big Hurdle for Budget | |||
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<ref name="goreleadingman">{{cite news | |||
| date=26 January 2006 | |||
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| title=Al Gore, Sundance's Leading Man | |||
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| date=26 January 2006 | |||
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| title=Sundance: ''An Inconvenient Truth'' Q & A – Al Gore on fire! No, really | |||
| publisher=Cinematical | |||
| url=http://news.moviefone.com/2006/01/26/sundance-an-inconvenient-truth-q-and-a-al-gore-on-fire-no-rea/ | |||
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<ref name="r__onfireatsundance20060126">{{cite news | |||
| date=26 January 2006 | |||
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}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__thenewyorker20060414">{{cite magazine | |||
| date=14 April 2006 | |||
| last=Remnick | |||
| first=David | |||
| title=The Talk of the Town | |||
| magazine=The New Yorker | |||
| url=https://www.newyorker.com/talk/content/articles/060424ta_talk_remnick | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506092456/http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/04/24/060424ta_talk_remnick | |||
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}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__worldchanging004388">{{cite web | |||
| date=4 May 2006 | |||
| author=Alex Steffen | |||
| title=Interview: Davis Guggenheim and ''An Inconvenient Truth'' | |||
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}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="accidental-movie-star">{{cite news | |||
| date=9 May 2006 | |||
| first=David | |||
| last=Roberts | |||
| title=An interview with accidental movie star Al Gore | |||
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}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="gore-steig">{{cite web | |||
| date=10 May 2006 | |||
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| url=http://www.realclimate.org/index.php?p=299 | |||
| title=Al Gore's movie | |||
| work=RealClimate | |||
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}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__filmthreat_rev8451">{{cite web | |||
| date=15 May 2006 | |||
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| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081228224753/http://www.filmthreat.com/index.php?section=reviews&Id=8451 | |||
| archive-date=28 December 2008 | |||
| title=An Inconvenient Truth | |||
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}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="GristCEI">{{cite web | |||
| date=17 May 2006 | |||
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| publisher=] | |||
| access-date=23 August 2009 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__cbsnews20060518_1628199">{{cite news | |||
| date=18 May 2006 | |||
| first=Jaclyn | |||
| last=Schiff | |||
| title=Al Gore on the Red Carpet for a Cause | |||
| publisher=CBS Broadcasting Inc. | |||
| url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/al-gore-on-the-red-carpet-for-a-cause/ | |||
| work=CBS News | |||
| access-date=26 March 2010 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__bbfc">{{cite web | |||
| date=18 May 2006 | |||
| url=https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/inconvenient-truth-film | |||
| title=''An Inconvenient Truth'' (U) | |||
| work=] | |||
| access-date=9 December 2016 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="revkin-thefight">{{cite news | |||
| date=22 May 2006 | |||
| first=Andrew | |||
| last=Revkin | |||
| author-link=Andrew Revkin | |||
| title='An Inconvenient Truth': Al Gore's Fight Against Global Warming | |||
| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/22/movies/22gore.html | |||
| work=] | |||
| access-date=2 November 2009 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512170024/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/22/movies/22gore.html | |||
| archive-date=12 May 2011 | |||
| url-status=live | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__nytimes20060523">{{cite news | |||
| date=23 May 2006 | |||
| url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2006/05/23/books/23kaku.html | |||
| title=Al Gore Revisits Global Warming, With Passionate Warnings and Pictures | |||
| work=The New York Times | |||
| author=Michiko Kakutani | |||
| access-date=18 March 2010 | |||
| author-link=Michiko Kakutani | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="APBush">{{cite news | |||
| date=24 May 2006 | |||
| title=Bush gives thumbs down to Gore's new movie | |||
| url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna12930351 | |||
| agency=Associated Press | |||
| access-date=31 May 2007 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__newyorker20060524_060424">{{cite news | |||
| date=24 May 2006 | |||
| title=Ozone Man | |||
| url=https://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/04/24/060424ta_talk_remnick | |||
| magazine=The New Yorker | |||
| access-date=25 February 2009 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060421011546/http://www.newyorker.com/talk/content/articles/060424ta_talk_remnick | |||
| archive-date=21 April 2006 | |||
| url-status=live | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__nytimes20100616">{{cite news | |||
| date=24 May 2006 | |||
| title=Warning of Calamities and Hoping for a Change in An Inconvenient Truth | |||
| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/24/movies/24trut.html | |||
| work=The New York Times | |||
| access-date=16 June 2010 | |||
| first=A. O. | |||
| last=Scott | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405091656/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/24/movies/24trut.html | |||
| archive-date=5 April 2012 | |||
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}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="lawrencebendertruthdig">{{cite news | |||
| date=26 May 2006 | |||
| first=Blair | |||
| last=Golson | |||
| title=Lawrence Bender: The Truthdig Interview | |||
| url=http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/20060526_lawrence_bender_interview/ | |||
| work=] | |||
| access-date=14 September 2009 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="CSMonitor">{{cite news | |||
| date=26 May 2006 | |||
| first=Peter | |||
| last=Rainer | |||
| title=Al Gore's global warning | |||
| url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0526/p14s02-almo.html | |||
| work=] | |||
| access-date=3 November 2009 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="goreplaysleadingman">{{cite news | |||
| date=28 May 2006 | |||
| first=Roger | |||
| last=Ebert | |||
| author-link=Roger Ebert | |||
| title=Al Gore plays leading man | |||
| url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060528/PEOPLE/605280306 | |||
| work=] | |||
| access-date=2 November 2009 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__imdbnews20060530">{{cite web | |||
| date=30 May 2006 | |||
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| archive-date=14 June 2006 | |||
| title=Last Stand' delivers | |||
| access-date=16 June 2010 | |||
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}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__nymag_rv52847">{{cite news | |||
| date=May 2006 | |||
| title=An Inconvenient Truth | |||
| url=https://nymag.com/movies/listings/rv_52847.htm | |||
| work=New York Magazine | |||
| access-date=9 December 2008 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__wiredmag200605">{{cite magazine | |||
| date=May 2006 | |||
| last=Breslau | |||
| first=Karen | |||
| title=The Resurrection of Al Gore | |||
| magazine=Wired Magazine | |||
| url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/14.05/gore_pr.html | |||
| access-date=13 March 2010 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__presentationzen20060601">{{cite web | |||
| date=1 June 2006 | |||
| url=http://presentationzen.blogs.com/presentationzen/2006/06/duarte_design_h.html | |||
| title=Duarte Design helps Al Gore "go visual" | |||
| work=Presentation Zen | |||
| access-date=21 March 2015 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__rogerebertsuntimes">{{cite web | |||
| date=2 June 2006 | |||
| url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060601/REVIEWS/60517002 | |||
| title=An Inconvenient Truth | |||
| access-date=10 January 2007 | |||
| last=Ebert | |||
| first=Roger | |||
| work=Chicago Sun-Times | |||
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| archive-date=30 December 2006 | |||
| url-status=live | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="sheddinglight">{{cite web | |||
| date=6 June 2006 | |||
| last=Frazier | |||
| first=Bryant | |||
| title=Shedding Light on An Inconvenient Truth | |||
| work=Film & Video | |||
| url=http://www.studiodaily.com/filmandvideo/searchlist/6681.html | |||
| access-date=20 June 2010 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="did-al-get-the-science-right">{{cite news | |||
| date=10 June 2006 | |||
| first=Katharine | |||
| last=Mieszkowski | |||
| title=Did Al get the science right? | |||
| work=Salon | |||
| url=http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2006/06/10/truths | |||
| access-date=29 March 2010 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__treehugger">{{cite web | |||
| date=12 June 2006 | |||
| url=http://www.treehugger.com/culture/an-inconvenient-truth-carbon-neutral-profits-going-to-educational-campaign.html | |||
| title=An Inconvenient Truth: Carbon Neutral, Profits Going to Educational Campaign | |||
| website=] | |||
| access-date=19 March 2015 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__reason_rb061606">{{cite web | |||
| date=16 June 2006 | |||
| author=Ronald Bailey | |||
| url=http://www.reason.com/rb/rb061606.shtml | |||
| title=Gore as climate exaggerator | |||
| work=Reason | |||
| access-date=10 January 2007 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061029143236/http://www.reason.com/rb/rb061606.shtml | |||
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}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__arstech2006064392">{{cite news | |||
| date=20 June 2006 | |||
| last1=Stacks | |||
| first1=Shane | |||
| title=Keynote conveniently powers Al Gore's "An Inconvenient Truth" | |||
| url=https://arstechnica.com/apple/2006/06/4392/ | |||
| access-date=15 September 2014 | |||
| work=] | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__ussenate20060626">{{cite news | |||
| date=26 June 2006 | |||
| first=Richard | |||
| last=S. Lindzen | |||
| title=There Is No 'Consensus' On Global Warming | |||
| url=http://epw.senate.gov/fact.cfm?party=rep&id=257863 | |||
| work=The Wall Street Journal | |||
| access-date=10 January 2007 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061228103924/http://epw.senate.gov/fact.cfm?party=rep&id=257863 | |||
| archive-date=28 December 2006 | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
| df=mdy-all | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__bostonglobe20060626">{{cite news | |||
| date=26 June 2006 | |||
| title=Gore's ecology film gets an 'inconvenient' label of liberalism | |||
| url=https://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2006/06/06/gores_ecology_film_gets_an_inconvenient_label_of_liberalism | |||
| work=The Boston Globe | |||
| access-date=25 February 2009 | |||
| first1=Peter S. | |||
| last1=Canellos | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="scientistsokmovieforaccuracy">{{cite news | |||
| date=27 June 2006 | |||
| first = Seth | |||
| last = Borenstein | |||
| url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/27/AR2006062700780.html | |||
| title = Scientists OK Gore's Movie for Accuracy | |||
| newspaper = The Washington Post | |||
| access-date =March 18, 2007 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="thehumanitasprize">{{cite web | |||
| date=28 June 2006 | |||
| url=http://www.humanitasprize.org/pdf/2006%20HUMANITAS%20Winners.pdf | |||
| title=2006 HUMANITAS Prize Winners | |||
| access-date=18 January 2007 | |||
| publisher=the HUMANITAS prize | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712015426/http://www.humanitasprize.org/pdf/2006%20HUMANITAS%20Winners.pdf | |||
| archive-date=12 July 2007 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__sciam200606">{{cite news | |||
| date=June 2006 | |||
| first=Shermer | |||
| last=Michael | |||
| author-link=Michael Shermer | |||
| url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-flipping-point/ | |||
| title=The Flipping Point: How the evidence for anthropogenic global warming has converged to cause this environmental skeptic to make a cognitive flip | |||
| work=Scientific American | |||
| access-date=18 March 2007 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__nsidc20100403">{{cite web | |||
| date=7 July 2006 | |||
| url=http://nsidc.org/news/press/20060706_goremoviefaq.html | |||
| title=Does Al Gore get the science right in the movie An Inconvenient Truth? | |||
| access-date=3 April 2010 | |||
| publisher=] | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100509183718/http://nsidc.org/news/press/20060706_goremoviefaq.html | |||
| archive-date=9 May 2010 | |||
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}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__nybooks20060713_19131">{{cite news | |||
| date=13 July 2006 | |||
| first=James | |||
| last=Hansen | |||
| title=The Threat to the Planet | |||
| url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/19131 | |||
| work=New York Review of Books | |||
| access-date=22 August 2009 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__nybooks20060713">{{cite magazine | |||
| date=13 July 2006 | |||
| url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2006/jul/13/the-threat-to-the-planet | |||
| title=The Threat to the Planet | |||
| author=] | |||
| newspaper=] | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="republicans-not-warming">{{cite news | |||
| date=15 July 2006 | |||
| first=James | |||
| last=Brosnan | |||
| title=Republicans not warming up to Gore's polemic | |||
| url=http://www.abqtrib.com/albq/nw_national_government/article/0,2564,ALBQ_19861_4847136,00.html | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060822173455/http://www.abqtrib.com/albq/nw_national_government/article/0%2C2564%2CALBQ_19861_4847136%2C00.html | |||
| archive-date=22 August 2006 | |||
| work=Scripps Howard News Service | |||
| access-date=26 March 2010 | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="michaelbrooknpr">{{cite news | |||
| date=30 July 2006 | |||
| first=Liane | |||
| last=Hansen | |||
| title=Michael Brook | |||
| url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5592610 | |||
| work=NPR | |||
| access-date=6 September 2009 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="GoreSpoof">{{cite news | |||
| date=3 August 2006 | |||
| title=Where did that video spoofing Gore's film come from? | |||
| url=https://www.wsj.com/public/article/SB115457177198425388-0TpYE6bU6EGvfSqtP8_hHjJJ77I_20060810.html | |||
| work=The Wall Street Journal | |||
| access-date=1 June 2007 | |||
| first1=Antonio | |||
| last1=Regalado | |||
| first2=Dionne | |||
| last2=Searcey | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__timesonline_700813">{{cite news | |||
| date=5 August 2006 | |||
| title=Slick lobbying is behind penguin spoof of Al Gore | |||
| url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article700813.ece | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208103318/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article700813.ece | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
| archive-date=February 8, 2007 | |||
| work=The Times | |||
| access-date=1 June 2007 | |||
| first=Chris | |||
| last=Ayres | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="melissaetheridgelatimes">{{cite news | |||
| date=9 August 2006 | |||
| first = Tina | |||
| last = Daunt | |||
| title = She's Speaking Out Through Her Songs | |||
| url = https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-aug-09-et-etheridge9-story.html | |||
| page = 2 | |||
| work =] | |||
| access-date =August 21, 2010 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__brightlightsfilmjnl201608">{{cite news | |||
| date=August 2006 | |||
| url=http://brightlightsfilm.com/53/gore.php | |||
| title=Eco-apocalypse and the Powerpoint film | |||
| access-date=16 June 2010 | |||
| last=Harsin | |||
| first=Jayson | |||
| newspaper=Bright Lights Film Journal | |||
| publisher='Bright Lights Film Journal | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="Howard-isolated">{{cite web | |||
| date=11 September 2006 | |||
| title=Howard isolated on climate change: Gore | |||
| url=http://news.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=143315 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060910192403/http://www.news.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=143315 | |||
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<ref name="r__guardian20061004_0__1887540_00">{{cite web | |||
| date=4 October 2006 | |||
| url=http://politics.guardian.co.uk/conservativepartyconference2006/story/0,,1887540,00.html | |||
| title=Full text of David Cameron's speech to the Conservative Party conference | |||
| newspaper=Guardian Unlimited | |||
| access-date=25 November 2006 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__huffpost20061012">{{cite news | |||
| date=12 October 2006 | |||
| url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/theblog/archive/1%20NSTA%20-%20Paramount%20Emails%20-%20redacted.pdf | |||
| title=Conversation: Al Gore/An Inconvenient Truth | |||
| author=Laurie David | |||
| work=The Huffington Post | |||
| access-date=4 November 2007 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071126200354/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/theblog/archive/1%20NSTA%20-%20Paramount%20Emails%20-%20redacted.pdf | |||
| archive-date=26 November 2007 | |||
| url-status=live | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__ticotimes20061027">{{cite web | |||
| date=27 October 2006 | |||
| title=A GORE Flick | |||
| url=http://www.ticotimes.net/dailyarchive/2006_10/daily_10_27_06.htm | |||
| access-date=15 November 2008 | |||
| publisher=ticotimes.net | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208211550/http://www.ticotimes.net/dailyarchive/2006_10/daily_10_27_06.htm | |||
| archive-date=8 December 2008 | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="standaard-200">{{cite web | |||
| date=30 October 2006 | |||
| url=http://www.standaard.be/Artikel/Detail.aspx?artikelId=GVF13S3LE | |||
| title=Al Gore schopt 200 politici geweten | |||
| language=nl | |||
| trans-title=Al Gore pricks 200 politicians' consciences | |||
| newspaper=] | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__vrtnieuws20061031_1_22085">{{cite web | |||
| date=31 October 2006 | |||
| title=Spitzenpolitiker sehen Gore-Film | |||
| url=http://vrtnieuws.net/cm/flanderninfo.be/Nachrichten/1.22085 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011190837/http://vrtnieuws.net/cm/flanderninfo.be/Nachrichten/1.22085 | |||
| archive-date=11 October 2007 | |||
| access-date=31 May 2007 | |||
| publisher=Flanderninfo.be | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="algoreupdate">{{cite video | |||
| date=21 November 2006 | |||
| title=An Inconvenient Truth ("An Update with Former Vice-President Al Gore") | |||
| medium=DVD | |||
| publisher=] | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__washingtonpost20061124_00789">{{cite news | |||
| date=26 November 2006 | |||
| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/24/AR2006112400789_pf.html | |||
| title=Science a la Joe Camel | |||
| author=Laurie David | |||
| newspaper=The Washington Post | |||
| access-date=26 November 2006 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__nsta20061128_52977">{{cite news | |||
| date=28 November 2006 | |||
| url=http://old.nsta.org/about/pressroom.aspx?id=52977 | |||
| title=NSTA Statement on November 26 Washington Post Op-ed "Science à la Joe Camel" | |||
| author=Gerald Wheeler | |||
| publisher=] | |||
| access-date=9 January 2007 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__sciencenews20061130_2006_1130_3">{{cite news | |||
| date=30 November 2006 | |||
| url=http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2006/1130/3 | |||
| title=An Inconvenient DVD | |||
| publisher=ScienceNOW Daily News | |||
| access-date=5 November 2007 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017140511/http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2006/1130/3 | |||
| archive-date=17 October 2007 | |||
| url-status=live | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="crooked">{{cite news | |||
| date=8 December 2006 | |||
| url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/laurie-david/crooked-curriculum-oil-c_b_35829.html | |||
| title=Crooked Curriculum: Oil Company Money Scandal at Nat'l Science Teachers Association Deepens | |||
| author=Laurie David | |||
| work=The Huffington Post | |||
| access-date=4 November 2007 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__nyfco20061210">{{cite web | |||
| date=10 December 2006 | |||
| url=http://www.nyfco.net/awards-archive/ | |||
| title=New York Film Critics Online | |||
| work=Movie City News | |||
| access-date=May 24, 2014 | |||
| archive-date=February 3, 2017 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203162344/http://www.nyfco.net/awards-archive/ | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__sceneone20061211_298_2">{{cite web | |||
| date=11 December 2006 | |||
| url=http://sceneone.org/joomla/content/view/398/2/ | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080222063034/http://sceneone.org/joomla/content/view/398/2/ | |||
| archive-date=22 February 2008 | |||
| publisher=SceneOne.org | |||
| title=Washington D.C. Film Critics Association 2006 | |||
| access-date=30 October 2007 | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__imdb_dfwfcaa20061218">{{cite web | |||
| date=18 December 2006 | |||
| url=https://www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Dallas-Fort_Worth_Film_Critics_Association_Awards/2006 | |||
| title=Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards: 2006 | |||
| work=] | |||
| access-date=1 June 2007 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__oklahomafilm200612">{{cite web | |||
| date=26 December 2006 | |||
| url=http://oklahomafilm.blogspot.com/2006/12/oklahoma-film-critics-circle-announces.html | |||
| title=Oklahoma Film Critics Circle: Oklahoma Film Critics Circle Announces 2006 Awards | |||
| publisher=Oklahoma Film Critics Circle | |||
| access-date=8 October 2007 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__indiewire200701">{{cite web | |||
| date=6 January 2007 | |||
| url= https://www.indiewire.com/movies/2007/01/the_critics_hav.html | |||
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070112044126/http://www.indiewire.com/movies/2007/01/the_critics_hav.html | |||
| archive-date=12 January 2007 | |||
| title=The Critics Have Spoken (Again); National Society Chooses "Pan's Labyrinth" As Best Film of 2006 | |||
| first=Eugene | |||
| last=Hernandez | |||
| access-date=1 June 2007 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="FedWayBan">{{cite news | |||
| date=11 January 2007 | |||
| url=http://www.seattlepi.com/local/299253_inconvenient11.html | |||
| title=Federal Way schools restrict Gore film | |||
| author=Robert McClure & Lisa Stiffler | |||
| publisher=] | |||
| access-date=11 January 2007 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__theheralduk_var_1126957_0_0">{{cite news | |||
| date=17 January 2007 | |||
| url=http://www.theherald.co.uk/news/news/display.var.1126957.0.0.php | |||
| title=All secondary schools to see Gore climate film | |||
| author=David Leask | |||
| publisher=] | |||
| access-date=26 January 2007 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070120150513/http://www.theherald.co.uk/news/news/display.var.1126957.0.0.php | |||
| archive-date=20 January 2007 | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="stanleykramer">{{cite news | |||
| date=18 January 2007 | |||
| url= https://variety.com/2007/film/awards/stanley-kramer-award-an-inconvenient-truth-1117957742/ | |||
| title= Stanley Kramer Award: ''An Inconvenient Truth'' | |||
| access-date=18 January 2007 | |||
| publisher= ] | |||
| first= David S. | |||
| last= Cohen | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="FedWayLift">{{cite news | |||
| date=24 January 2007 | |||
| url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2003538775_federalfilm.html | |||
| title=Federal Way School Board lifts brief moratorium on Gore film | |||
| author=Cara Solomon | |||
| publisher=Seattle Times | |||
| access-date=16 April 2007 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502000710/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2003538775_federalfilm.html | |||
| archive-date=2 May 2007 | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__kndo20070124">{{cite news | |||
| date=24 January 2007 | |||
| url=http://www.kndo.com/Global/story.asp?S=5986566&nav=menu484_2 | |||
| title=School Delays Viewing of Global Warming Documentary | |||
| author=KNDO | |||
| publisher=] | |||
| access-date=24 January 2007 | |||
| archive-date=September 27, 2007 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927234837/http://www.kndo.com/Global/story.asp?S=5986566&nav=menu484_2 | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__firstamendmentcenter20070203">{{cite news | |||
| date=3 February 2007 | |||
| title=Wash. high school club cleared to watch Gore film | |||
| agency=Associated Press | |||
| access-date=12 October 2007 | |||
| url=http://www.firstamendmentcenter.org/%5Cnews.aspx?id=18089 | |||
| archive-url=https://swap.stanford.edu/20090804062824/http://www.firstamendmentcenter.org/news.aspx?id=18089 | |||
| archive-date=4 August 2009 | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__expatica_81_36238">{{cite web | |||
| date=7 February 2007 | |||
| url=http://www.expatica.com/actual/article.asp?subchannel_id=81&story_id=36238 | |||
| title=Gore climate documentary to be shown in schools | |||
| website=Expatica | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929090247/http://www.expatica.com/actual/article.asp?subchannel_id=81&story_id=36238 | access-date=2 November 2007 | |||
| archive-date=September 29, 2007 }}</ref> | |||
<ref name="landslide-gore">{{cite news | |||
| date=25 February 2007 | |||
| first=Adam |last=Nagourney |author-link=Adam Nagourney | |||
| url=http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/02/25/gore-wins-hollywood-in-a-landslide | |||
| title=Gore Wins Hollywood in a Landslide | |||
| work=The New York Times | |||
| access-date=13 March 2010 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__latimes2802194_20070225">{{cite news | |||
| date=25 February 2007 | |||
| url=http://theenvelope.latimes.com/awards/oscars/2007/env-oscarwinners-25feb25,0,2802194.story | |||
| title='The Departed' arrives | |||
| first=Brian | |||
| last=Hanrahan | |||
| work=] | |||
| access-date=30 April 2008 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="2006_Oscar">{{cite news | |||
| date=25 February 2007 | |||
| url=http://www.oscar.com/oscarnight/winners/?pn=detail&nominee=AnInconvenientTruthDocumentaryFeatureNominee | |||
| title=Hudson wins supporting actress Oscar | |||
| publisher=CNN | |||
| access-date=16 June 2010 | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701134738/http://www.oscar.com/oscarnight/winners/?pn=detail&nominee=AnInconvenientTruthDocumentaryFeatureNominee | |||
| archive-date=1 July 2007 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__oscars20070225">{{cite web | |||
| date=25 February 2007 | |||
| url=http://www.oscar.com/oscarnight/winners/?pn=detail&nominee=AnInconvenientTruthMusicSongNominee | |||
| title=Oscar Night: Winner: Music (Song) | |||
| publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Science | |||
| access-date=16 June 2010 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__grist">{{cite news | |||
| date=6 March 2007 | |||
| title=A chat with ''Inconvenient Truth'' co-producer and Hollywood bigwig Lawrence Bender | |||
| url=http://www.grist.org/article/bender | |||
| work=] | |||
| access-date=7 March 2007 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__hdsb20070424">{{cite press release | |||
| date=24 April 2007 | |||
| title=Screening of ''An Inconvenient Truth'' set to educate students on climate change | |||
| publisher=Halton District School Board | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__npr20070507">{{cite news | |||
| date=7 May 2007 | |||
| first=Elizabeth | |||
| last=Blair | |||
| title=Laurie David: One Seriously 'Inconvenient' Woman | |||
| url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=9969008 | |||
| work=] | |||
| access-date=14 September 2009 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__canada_nationalpost_27a24986008e4a55a18cfb3fb7acf0e9">{{cite news | |||
| date=19 May 2007 | |||
| url=http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/story.html?id=27a24986-008e-4a55-a18c-fb3fb7acf0e9&k=0 | |||
| title=Gore's ''Inconvenient Truth'' required classroom viewing? | |||
| first=Kevin | |||
| last=Libin | |||
| work=] | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__usatoday20070628">{{cite news | |||
| date=28 June 2007 | |||
| first=Elysa | |||
| last=Gardner | |||
| title=Gore gears up for Live Earth | |||
| url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/music/news/2007-06-28-gore-live-earth_N.htm | |||
| work=USA Today | |||
| access-date=18 March 2010 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="globalsurvey">{{cite news | |||
| date=2 July 2007 | |||
| title=Global Consumers Vote Al Gore, Oprah Winfrey and Kofi Annan Most Influential to Champion Global Warming Cause: Nielsen Survey | |||
| url=http://nz.nielsen.com/news/GlobalWarming_Jul07.shtml | |||
| work=Nielsen | |||
| access-date=27 October 2009 | |||
| archive-date=February 23, 2010 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100223014631/http://nz.nielsen.com/news/GlobalWarming_Jul07.shtml | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="presidentsaward">{{cite web | |||
| date=18 July 2007 | |||
| url= http://www.stc.org/recog/awards01_President_winners.asp | |||
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090427121354/http://www.stc.org/recog/awards01_President_winners.asp | |||
| archive-date=27 April 2009 | |||
| title= Current & past list of STC President's Award recipients | |||
| access-date=18 July 2007 | |||
| work= STC.org | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="another-look">{{cite journal | |||
| date=September 2007 | |||
| title=Another look at An Inconvenient Truth | |||
| journal=GeoJournal | |||
| first=Eric | |||
| last=Steig | |||
| volume=70 | |||
| issue=1 | |||
| pages=5–9 | |||
| doi=10.1007/s10708-008-9130-3 | |||
| s2cid=59492576 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__telegraph20071002">{{cite news | |||
| date=2 October 2007 | |||
| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/earthnews/3308930/Al-Gores-An-Inconvenient-Truth-can-be-shown-to-schools.html | |||
| title=Al Gore's 'An Inconvenient Truth' can be shown to schools | |||
| newspaper=Daily Telegraph | |||
| url-access=subscription | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__guardian20071010">{{cite news | |||
| date=10 October 2007 | |||
| last=MacLeod | |||
| first=Donald | |||
| title=Climate change film to stay in the classroom | |||
| publisher=Guardian Unlimited | |||
| url=http://education.guardian.co.uk/schools/story/0,,2188015,00.html | |||
| access-date=14 December 2007 | |||
| location=London | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071212124153/http://education.guardian.co.uk/schools/story/0%2C%2C2188015%2C00.html | |||
| archive-date=12 December 2007 | |||
| url-status=live | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="dimmock">{{cite web | |||
| date=10 October 2007 | |||
| title=Stuart Dimmock v Secretary of State for Education & Skills | |||
| work=] (Administrative Court) Decisions | |||
| url=http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Admin/2007/2288.html | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="Smith">{{cite news | |||
| date=11 October 2007 | |||
| url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/law/article2633838.ece | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514144722/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/law/article2633838.ece | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
| archive-date=May 14, 2011 | |||
| title=Al Gore's inconvenient judgment | |||
| last=Smith | |||
| first=Lewis | |||
| work=] | |||
| access-date=7 June 2010 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="BBC">{{cite news | |||
| date=11 October 2007 | |||
| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/7037671.stm | |||
| title=Gore climate film's nine 'errors' | |||
| work=] | |||
| access-date=21 March 2015 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__thisislondon20071011_23416151">{{cite web | |||
| date=11 October 2007 | |||
| url=http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-23416151-judge-attacks-nine-errors-in-al-gores-alarmist-climate-change-film.do | |||
| title=Judge attacks nine errors in Al Gore's 'alarmist' climate change film | |||
| work=] | |||
| access-date=7 June 2010 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100716235649/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-23416151-judge-attacks-nine-errors-in-al-gores-alarmist-climate-change-film.do | |||
| archive-date=16 July 2010 | |||
| url-status=live | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__telegraphuk20071011_3310137">{{cite news | |||
| date=11 October 2007 | |||
| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthnews/3310137/Al-Gores-nine-Inconvenient-Untruths.html | |||
| title=Al Gore's 'nine Inconvenient Untruths' – Telegraph | |||
| last=Peck | |||
| first=Sally | |||
| work=] | |||
| access-date=7 June 2010 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528022453/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthnews/3310137/Al-Gores-nine-Inconvenient-Untruths.html | |||
| archive-date=28 May 2010 | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__spiegel20071013_0_1518_511325_00">{{cite web | |||
| date=13 October 2007 | |||
| url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,511325,00.html | |||
| title=Inconvenient Truth to Continue Airing in Schools | |||
| website=Spiegel Online | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="Leake">{{cite web | |||
| date=14 October 2007 | |||
| url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/education/article2652851.ece | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524024949/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/education/article2652851.ece | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
| archive-date=May 24, 2011 | |||
| title=Please, sir – Gore's got warming wrong | |||
| author=Jonathan Leake | |||
| newspaper=] | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="convenient-untruths">{{cite news | |||
| date=15 October 2007 | |||
| author1=Gavin Schmidt | |||
| author2=Michael E. Mann | |||
| title=Convenient Untruths | |||
| work=RealClimate | |||
| url=http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2007/10/convenient-untruths/ | |||
| access-date=14 June 2010 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__elpias20071015_1192399203_850215">{{cite news | |||
| date=15 October 2007 | |||
| title=El Gobierno compra 30.000 copias de 'Una verdad incómoda' para emitirla en los colegios | |||
| url=http://sociedad.elpais.com/sociedad/2007/10/15/actualidad/1192399203_850215.html | |||
| access-date=27 April 2015 | |||
| work=El País | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__guardian20071015">{{cite news | |||
| date=15 October 2007 | |||
| url=http://film.guardian.co.uk/News_Story/Breaking_News_US/0,,6990521,00.html | |||
| title=U.K. Judge Finds Problems in Gore Film | |||
| publisher=Associated Press/Guardian | |||
| access-date=15 October 2007 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071029125353/http://film.guardian.co.uk/News_Story/Breaking_News_US/0%2C%2C6990521%2C00.html | |||
| archive-date=29 October 2007 | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__postgazette20080122_08022_851177_331">{{cite news | |||
| date=22 January 2008 | |||
| url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/08022/851177-331.stm | |||
| title=80th Annual Academy Awards Oscar Quiz | |||
| access-date=30 April 2008 | |||
| work=] | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513092033/http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/08022/851177-331.stm | |||
| archive-date=13 May 2008 | |||
| url-status=live | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__latime20080915">{{cite news | |||
| date=15 September 2008 | |||
| last=Quinn | |||
| first=Michelle | |||
| title=Helping others grab an audience | |||
| work=Los Angeles Times | |||
| url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-sep-15-fi-duarte15-story.html | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__timemag_0_8599_1927452_00">{{cite news | |||
| date=10 October 2009 | |||
| first=Tim | |||
| last=Roger | |||
| title=Costa Rica's President: It's Not Easy Staying Green | |||
| url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1927452,00.html | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091014112108/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1927452,00.html | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
| archive-date=14 October 2009 | |||
| magazine=Time | |||
| access-date=18 March 2010 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__foxnews20091121">{{cite news | |||
| date=22 November 2009 | |||
| url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/new-documentary-challenges-gores-inconvenient-truth-on-global-warming | |||
| title=FOXNews.com – New Documentary Challenges Gore's 'Inconvenient Truth' on Global Warming | |||
| work=] | |||
| access-date=7 June 2010 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="inconvenient-youth">{{cite news | |||
| date=20 April 2010 | |||
| first=Anne | |||
| last=Payne | |||
| title=Inconvenient Youth: Al Gore's group takes new step | |||
| work=Tennessean | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__dompostnz20100422">{{cite news | |||
| date=22 April 2010 | |||
| url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/national/3608362/Gore-film-in-schools-prompts-petition | |||
| title=Gore film in schools prompts petition | |||
| newspaper=] | |||
| access-date=22 April 2010 | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
| archive-url=https://archive.today/20100424004807/http://www.stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/national/3608362/Gore-film-in-schools-prompts-petition | |||
| archive-date=24 April 2010 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="RedditAMA">{{cite web | |||
| date=15 October 2013 | |||
| title=I am director and producer Davis Guggenheim (An Inconvenient Truth, Waiting for Superman, TEACH). AMA! | |||
| url=https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/1oizpa/i_am_director_and_producer_davis_guggenheim_an/ccsee67 | |||
| publisher=] | |||
| access-date=23 March 2015 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="sequel">{{cite news | |||
| date=4 April 2014 | |||
| last=Daunt | |||
| first=Tina | |||
| url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/an-inconvenient-truth-producers-talking-692705 | |||
| title=An Inconvenient Truth' Producers Talking Sequel (Exclusive) | |||
| work=] | |||
| access-date=24 March 2015 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__eenews1060019537">{{cite news | |||
| date=3 June 2015 | |||
| last=Patterson | |||
| first=Brittany | |||
| url=http://www.eenews.net/stories/1060019537 | |||
| title=Al Gore inspires 'CO2' | |||
| work=] | |||
| access-date=21 June 2015 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__scienceandpublicpolicy20151012">{{cite web | |||
| date=12 October 2015 | |||
| title=35 Inconvenient Truths The errors in Al Gore's movie | |||
| url=http://scienceandpublicpolicy.org/images/stories/press_releases/monckton-response-to-gore-errors.pdf | |||
| access-date=October 12, 2015 | |||
| archive-date=January 19, 2012 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119090504/http://scienceandpublicpolicy.org//images//stories//press_releases//monckton-response-to-gore-errors.pdf | |||
| url-status=usurped | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="grist2016">{{cite web | |||
| date=20 May 2016 | |||
| title=An Oral History of "An Inconvenient Truth" | |||
| website=Grist | |||
| url=https://grist.org/feature/an-inconvenient-truth-oral-history/ | |||
| access-date=19 July 2020 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__deadline201605">{{Cite web | |||
| date=25 May 2016 | |||
| url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/an-inconvenient-truth-anniversary-al-gore-paramount-participant-1201762705/ | |||
| title=Al Gore, Paramount And Participant Celebrate Oscar Winner 'An Inconvenient Truth's' 10th Anniversary | |||
| last=Hammond | |||
| first=Pete | |||
| website=Deadline | |||
| access-date=23 May 2019 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="guardian-2016">{{cite news | |||
| date=10 December 2016 | |||
| title=Al Gore announces Sundance debut for follow-up to An Inconvenient Truth | |||
| work=The Guardian | |||
| location=London, United Kingdom | |||
| issn=0261-3077 | |||
| url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/dec/09/al-gore-inconvenient-truth-sequel-sundance | |||
| access-date=10 December 2016 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__aninconvenientsequel20170728">{{cite web | |||
| date=20 January 2017 | |||
| author=Paramount Pictures | |||
| author-link=Paramount Pictures | |||
| title=An Inconvenient Sequel: Truth to Power (2017)- 'Flooding' | |||
| url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=2unzHvFPtY0 | |||
| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/2unzHvFPtY0 | |||
| archive-date=19 December 2021 | |||
| url-status=live | |||
| publisher=] | |||
| access-date=16 May 2017}}{{cbignore | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="Medium_20181218">{{cite magazine | |||
| date=18 December 2017 | |||
| last1=Rosenblad | |||
| first1=Kajsa | |||
| title=Review: ''An Inconvenient Sequel'' | |||
| url=https://mediummagazine.nl/review-inconvenient-sequel/ | |||
| magazine=Medium (Communication Science news and articles) | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329095537/https://mediummagazine.nl/review-inconvenient-sequel/ | |||
| archive-date=29 March 2019 | |||
| location=Netherlands | |||
| quote=... climate change, a term that Gore renamed to ''climate crisis'' | |||
| url-status=live | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<!-- dated only by access-date or archive-date --> | |||
<ref name="r__kcfilmcritics">{{cite web | |||
| title=Film Critic's Circle of Kansas City | |||
| url=http://www.kcfilmcritics.com/ | |||
| work=AltFilmGuide | |||
| access-date=8 October 2007 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825051918/http://www.kcfilmcritics.com/ | |||
| archive-date=25 August 2007 | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
| df=mdy-all | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__moviecitynews_lsgfca2007">{{cite web | |||
| url=http://www.moviecitynews.com/awards/2007/critic_awards/st-louis.html | |||
| title=St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association | |||
| publisher=MCN Awards Watch | |||
| year=2007 | |||
| access-date=30 October 2007 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020122412/http://moviecitynews.com/awards/2007/critic_awards/st-louis.html | |||
| archive-date=20 October 2007 | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
| df=mdy | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__moviecitynews_ufca2006">{{cite web | |||
| url=http://www.moviecitynews.com/awards/2007/critic_awards/utah.htm | |||
| title=Utah Film Critics Awards 2006 | |||
| year=2006 | |||
| access-date=30 October 2007 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020122417/http://moviecitynews.com/awards/2007/critic_awards/utah.htm | |||
| archive-date=20 October 2007 | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
| df=mdy | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__ukzn">{{cite web | |||
| url=http://disabilityunit.ukzn.ac.za/index.php/durban-international-film-festival/archive/40-27th-diff-2006-about-diff.html | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524070306/http://disabilityunit.ukzn.ac.za/index.php/durban-international-film-festival/archive/40-27th-diff-2006-about-diff.html | |||
| archive-date=24 May 2014 | |||
| title=Durban International Film Festival | |||
| access-date=10 January 2007 | |||
| publisher=Artsmart | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__mojo_11th_grossing">{{cite web | |||
| url=https://boxofficemojo.com/genres/chart/?id=documentary.htm | |||
| title=Documentary Movies | |||
| access-date=10 January 2007 | |||
| work=] | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070203125041/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/genres/chart/?id=documentary.htm | |||
| archive-date=3 February 2007 | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__yahoomovies1809257809">{{cite web | |||
| url=https://movies.yahoo.com/movie/1809257809/awards | |||
| title=''An Inconvenient Truth'' – Awards and Nominations | |||
| work=] | |||
| access-date=10 February 2007 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211143442/http://movies.yahoo.com/movie/1809257809/awards | |||
| archive-date=11 February 2007 | |||
| url-status=live | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__brisbaneff2006">{{cite web | |||
| url=https://www.biff.com/general/libraryattachment.aspx?code=101 | |||
| title=BIFF exceeds all expectations | |||
| access-date=10 January 2007 | |||
| publisher=George Brisbane International Film Festival | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070218082019/http://www.biff.com.au/general/libraryattachment.aspx?code=101 | |||
| archive-date=18 February 2007 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__afcp20070110">{{cite web | |||
| url=http://www.allianceforclimateprotection.org/bios.php | |||
| title=Governing Council | |||
| access-date=10 January 2007 | |||
| publisher=The Alliance for Climate Protection | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070329055319/http://www.allianceforclimateprotection.org/bios.php | |||
| archive-date=29 March 2007 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__dfwfilmcritics2006">{{cite web | |||
| url=http://www.dfwfilmcritics.com | |||
| title=DFWFilmCritics | |||
| publisher=] | |||
| access-date=1 June 2007 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070527123253/http://www.dfwfilmcritics.com/ | |||
| archive-date=27 May 2007 | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
| df=mdy-all | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__lvfcs">{{cite web | |||
| url=http://www.lvfcs.org/awards_listing/index.html | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070628133247/http://www.lvfcs.org/awards_listing/index.html | |||
| archive-date=28 June 2007 | |||
| title=LVFCS Sierra Award winners | |||
| publisher=Las Vegas Film Critics Society 2006}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="79thOscar">{{cite news | |||
| title=79th Annual Academy Awards | |||
| url=http://www.oscar.com/oscarnight/winners/?pn=detail&nominee=AnInconvenientTruthDocumentaryFeatureNominee | |||
| publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Science | |||
| access-date=24 May 2007 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701134738/http://www.oscar.com/oscarnight/winners/?pn=detail&nominee=AnInconvenientTruthDocumentaryFeatureNominee | |||
| archive-date=1 July 2007 | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__altfg_ofcsa2006">{{cite web | |||
| url=http://www.altfg.com/awards/2006/online-film-critics-society.htm | |||
| title=Online Film Critics Society Awards – 2006 | |||
| publisher=AltFilmGuide | |||
| access-date=8 October 2007 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929083107/http://www.altfg.com/awards/2006/online-film-critics-society.htm | |||
| archive-date=29 September 2007 | |||
| url-status=live | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__altfg_ffcca2006">{{cite web | |||
| title=Florida Film Critics Circle Awards – 2006 | |||
| url=http://www.altfg.com/awards/2006/florida-film-critics-circle.htm | |||
| access-date=8 October 2007 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011115707/http://altfg.com/awards/2006/florida-film-critics-circle.htm | |||
| archive-date=11 October 2007 | |||
| url-status=live | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="nobelpeaceprize">{{cite web | |||
| url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2007/ | |||
| title=2007 Nobel Peace Prize Laureates | |||
| work=NobelPrize.org | |||
| access-date=11 October 2007 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014000821/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2007/ | |||
| archive-date=14 October 2007 | |||
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}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__pfcca2006">{{cite web | |||
| url=http://www.altfg.com/awards/2006/phoenix-film-critics-society.htm | |||
| title=Phoenix Film Critics Circle Awards – 2006 | |||
| publisher=AltFilmGuide | |||
| access-date=30 October 2007 | |||
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071205194902/http://www.altfg.com/awards/2006/phoenix-film-critics-society.htm | |||
| archive-date=5 December 2007 | |||
| url-status=live | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="biosen">{{cite web | |||
| url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Albert_Gore.htm | |||
| title=Albert A. Gore, Jr., 45th Vice President (1993–2001) | |||
| access-date=22 June 2008 | |||
| publisher=US Senate | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080630050852/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Albert_Gore.htm | |||
| archive-date=30 June 2008 | |||
| url-status=live | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="nytimes2009_342290">{{cite news | |||
| url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/342290/An-Inconvenient-Truth/awards | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091205232658/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/342290/An-Inconvenient-Truth/awards | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
| archive-date=5 December 2009 | |||
| department=Movies & TV Dept. | |||
| work=] | |||
| year=2009 | |||
| title=An Inconvenient Truth | |||
| access-date=23 November 2008 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="meta">{{cite web | |||
| url=https://www.metacritic.com/film/titles/inconvenienttruth | |||
| title=An Inconvenient Truth: Reviews | |||
| work=] | |||
| publisher=CNET Networks, Inc | |||
| access-date=9 December 2008 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220114301/http://www.metacritic.com/film/titles/inconvenienttruth | |||
| archive-date=20 December 2008 | |||
| url-status=live | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__ontheissues_kyototreaty">{{cite web | |||
| url=http://www.ontheissues.org/News_Kyoto_Treaty.htm | |||
| title=Topics in the News: Kyoto Treaty | |||
| website=OnTheIssues.org | |||
| access-date=30 December 2008 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__sfchronical20090225">{{cite web | |||
| url=http://www.sfgate.com/politics/joegarofoli/article/Gore-movie-reaching-the-red-states-too-2493350.php | |||
| title=Gore movie reaching the red states, too | |||
| newspaper=] | |||
| date=July 8, 2006 | |||
| access-date=25 February 2009 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__allmusic_r856432">{{cite news | |||
| url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=r856432|pure_url=yes}} | |||
| first=James | |||
| last=Monger | |||
| title=An Inconvenient Truth Soundtrack | |||
| work=AllMusic | |||
| access-date=6 September 2009 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__grammy2009">{{cite web | |||
| url=http://www.grammy.com/GRAMMY_Awards/51st_Show/list.aspx | |||
| title=51st Annual Grammy Awards Winners List | |||
| work=Grammy.com | |||
| year=2009 | |||
| access-date=29 October 2009 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028043808/http://www.grammy.com//grammy_awards/51st_show/list.aspx | |||
| archive-date=28 October 2009 | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__cofca2006">{{cite web | |||
| url=http://www.cofca.org/awards.php?year=2006 | |||
| title=Central Ohio Film Critics Association (COFCA) Awards | |||
| publisher=Central Ohio Film Critics Association | |||
| year=2006 | |||
| access-date=17 March 2010 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="mojo-chart">{{cite web | |||
| url=https://boxofficemojo.com/genres/chart/?id=documentary.htm | |||
| title=Documentary 1982–present (film rankings by lifetime gross) | |||
| access-date=13 March 2010 | |||
| work=] | |||
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}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="environinitiative">{{cite web | |||
| url=http://clinton5.nara.gov/WH/EOP/OVP/initiatives/environment.html | |||
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| url-status=dead | |||
| df=mdy-all | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="ait-the-scientific-argument">{{cite journal | |||
| title=An Inconvenient Truth: The Scientific Argument | |||
| journal=GeoJournal | |||
| year=2008 | |||
| first=John | |||
| last=Nielsen-Gammon | |||
| volume=70 | |||
| pages=21–26 | |||
| doi=10.1007/s10708-008-9126-z | |||
| url=http://geotest.tamu.edu/userfiles/222/ait.pdf | |||
| access-date=29 March 2010 | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100618200557/http://geotest.tamu.edu/userfiles/222/ait.pdf | |||
| archive-date=18 June 2010 | |||
| citeseerx=10.1.1.365.2302 | |||
| s2cid=18579862 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="mojo">{{cite web | |||
| url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=inconvenienttruth.htm | |||
| title=An Inconvenient Truth | |||
| publisher=] | |||
| access-date=20 June 2010 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__edendaletypepad200612">{{cite web | |||
| url=http://edendale.typepad.com/weblog/2006/12/national_board_.html | |||
| title=NBR page on ''An Inconvenient Truth'' | |||
| publisher=National Board of Review of Motion Pictures | |||
| access-date=20 June 2010 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__fundacionprincipedeasturias2007">{{cite web | |||
|url=http://www.fundacionprincipedeasturias.org/ing/04/premiados/trayectorias/trayectoria815.html | |||
|title=Al Gore – The Prince of Asturias Foundation | |||
|website=Prince of Asturias Foundation | |||
|year=2007 | |||
|access-date=2010-03-17 | |||
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926224500/http://www.fundacionprincipedeasturias.org/ing/04/premiados/trayectorias/trayectoria815.html | |||
|archive-date=26 September 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__chicagofilmcritics_id48_item58">{{cite web | |||
| url=http://www.chicagofilmcritics.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=48&Itemid=58 | |||
| title=Chicago Film Critics Awards – 1998-07 | |||
| access-date=20 June 2010 | |||
| publisher=] | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017115907/http://www.chicagofilmcritics.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=48&Itemid=58 | |||
| archive-date=17 October 2013 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__pressacademy_satelliteawards2006">{{cite web | |||
| url=http://www.pressacademy.com/award_cat/2006/ | |||
| title=11th Annual Satellite Awards – 2006 | |||
| publisher=International Press Academy | |||
| access-date=6 February 2014 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__cannesff4320887">{{cite web | |||
| url=http://www.festival-cannes.fr/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/4320887/year/2006.html | |||
| title=An Inconvenient Truth | |||
| access-date=29 October 2009 | |||
| publisher=Festival de Cannes | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118014326/http://www.festival-cannes.fr/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/4320887/year/2006.html | |||
| archive-date=18 January 2015 | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
| df=mdy-all | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="poff">{{citation | |||
| title=An Inconvenient Truth: Red, blue, and green | |||
| type=Paper presented at the Film and History Conference, 2008 | |||
| editor-last=Poff | |||
| editor-first=Michele | |||
| url=http://environmentaldocs.blogs.wm.edu/files/2008/11/poff.pdf | |||
| access-date=20 March 2015 | |||
| archive-date=March 4, 2016 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052936/http://environmentaldocs.blogs.wm.edu/files/2008/11/poff.pdf | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__mojo_countries">{{cite web | |||
| url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=inconvenienttruth.htm | |||
| title=AN INCONVENIENT TRUTH (FOREIGN TOTAL) | |||
| work=] | |||
| access-date=21 March 2015 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__newpartyuk200705">{{cite web | |||
| url=http://newparty.co.uk/news/may2007/encouraging-results-for-new-party-candidates.html | |||
| title=News From The New Party | |||
| work=The New Party | |||
| url-status=dead | |||
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| archive-date=11 October 2007 | |||
| access-date=21 March 2015 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__uoregon2011_v61_i1_p67_68">{{cite journal | |||
| title=The Al Gore effect: An Inconvenient Truth and voluntary carbon offsets | |||
| journal=Journal of Environmental Economics and Management | |||
| year=2011 | |||
| last=Jacobsen | |||
| first=Grant | |||
| volume=61 | |||
| issue=1 | |||
| pages=67–78 | |||
| url=http://pages.uoregon.edu/gdjaco/Gore.pdf | |||
| access-date=21 March 2015 | |||
| doi=10.1016/j.jeem.2010.08.002 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023544/http://pages.uoregon.edu/gdjaco/Gore.pdf | |||
| archive-date=4 March 2016 | |||
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}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__metacritic">{{Cite web | |||
| title=An Inconvenient Truth (2006) | |||
| url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/inconvenient_truth | |||
| access-date=28 March 2021 | |||
| website=] | |||
| publisher=] | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<!-- undated --> | |||
<ref name="r__eogwacc2008_p58">{{cite book | |||
| last=Philander | |||
| first=S. George | |||
| title=Encyclopedia of Global Warming And Climate Change | |||
| publisher=SAGE | |||
| year=2008 | |||
| page=58 | |||
| isbn=978-1-4129-5878-3 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="r__firethemup_92">{{cite book | |||
| last=Gallo | |||
| first=Carmine | |||
| title=Fire Them Up!: 7 Simple Secrets To Inspire Colleagues, Customers, And Clients, Sell Yourself, Your Vision, And Your Values, Communicate With Charisma And Confidence | |||
| publisher=John Wiley and Sons | |||
| year=2007 | |||
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| isbn=978-0-470-16566-9 | |||
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<ref name="r__environmentandbehavior2010_v42_i5_p643_658">{{cite journal | |||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{Spoken Misplaced Pages|An_Inconvenient_Truth.ogg|date=November 18, 2006}} | |||
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* {{official website|https://participant.com/film/inconvenient-truth|''An Inconvenient Truth''}} official website | |||
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* {{IMDb title|0497116|An Inconvenient Truth}} | |||
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* {{Rotten-tomatoes|inconvenient_truth|An Inconvenient Truth}} | |||
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{{Good article}} | |||
==Reviews== | |||
* "The movie opens with Al Gore's nasal drone serving as the voice over. Images of a river and forest dominate the screen as Gore becomes consumed with cheesy hokum and talk about his long lost days sitting on the riverbank, chewing cud and communing with the mystic." | |||
{{Al Gore}} | |||
* "In 39 years, I have never written these words in a movie review, but here they are: You owe it to yourself to see this film." | |||
{{Davis Guggenheim}} | |||
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{{Navboxes | |||
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|title = Awards for ''An Inconvenient Truth'' | |||
* - with extensive quotes from Gore | |||
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* - commentary from blog site | |||
{{AcademyAwardBestDocumentaryFeature2001-2020}} | |||
{{Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Documentary}} | |||
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{{NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Independent Motion Picture}} | |||
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{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Non-Fiction Film}} | |||
{{Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Documentary Film}} | |||
{{Producers Guild Stanley Kramer Award}} | |||
{{San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle Award for Best Documentary Film}} | |||
{{Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Documentary}} | |||
}} | |||
{{Portal bar|Film|Global warming|Environment}} | |||
==Interviews== | |||
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{{Authority control}} | |||
==Notes== | |||
<div class="references-small"> | |||
#{{note|Time}} Voynar, Kim. "Sundance: An Inconvenient Truth Q & A - Al Gore on fire! No, really." "Cinematical." January 26, 2006. <sup></sup> | |||
#{{note|Time2}} Remnick, David. "The Talk of the Town." "New Yorker." April 14, 2006.<sup></sup> | |||
#{{note|Time3}} Booth, William. "Al Gore, Sundance's Leading Man." "Washington Post." January 26, 2006. <sup></sup> | |||
#{{note|Time4}} Steffen, Alex. "Interview: Davis Guggenheim and An Inconvenient Truth." "WorldChanging." May 4, 2006. <sup></sup> | |||
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Latest revision as of 23:08, 21 December 2024
2006 film by Davis Guggenheim For other uses, see An Inconvenient Truth (disambiguation).
An Inconvenient Truth | |
---|---|
Theatrical release poster | |
Directed by | Davis Guggenheim |
Written by | Al Gore |
Produced by | |
Starring | Al Gore |
Cinematography |
|
Edited by |
|
Music by | Michael Brook |
Production companies | |
Distributed by | Paramount Classics |
Release date |
|
Running time | 97 minutes |
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Budget | $1.5 million |
Box office | $49.8 million |
An Inconvenient Truth is a 2006 American documentary film directed by Davis Guggenheim about former vice president of the United States Al Gore's campaign to educate people about global warming. The film features a slide show that, by Gore's own estimate, he has presented over 1,000 times to audiences worldwide.
The idea to document Gore's efforts came from producer Laurie David, who saw his presentation at a town hall meeting on global warming, which coincided with the opening of The Day After Tomorrow. Laurie David was so inspired by his slide show that she, with producer Lawrence Bender, met with Guggenheim to adapt the presentation into a film. Premiering at the 2006 Sundance Film Festival and opening in New York City and Los Angeles on May 24, 2006, the film was a critical and commercial success, winning two Academy Awards for Best Documentary Feature and Best Original Song. The film grossed $24 million in the US and $26 million in other countries’ box offices, becoming the eleventh highest grossing documentary film to date in the United States.
Since the film's release, An Inconvenient Truth has been credited for raising international public awareness of global warming and reenergizing the environmental movement. The documentary has also been included in science curricula in schools around the world, which has spurred some controversy. A sequel to the film, titled An Inconvenient Sequel: Truth to Power, was released on July 28, 2017.
Synopsis
An Inconvenient Truth presents in film form an illustrated talk on climate by Al Gore, aimed at alerting the public to an increasing "planetary emergency" due to global warming, and shows re-enacted incidents from his life story which influenced his concerns about environmental issues. He began making these presentations in 1989 with flip chart illustrations; the film version uses a Keynote presentation, which Gore refers to as "the slide show".
The vice president opens the film by greeting an audience with his well-known line about his campaign in 2000: "I am Al Gore. I used to be the next president of the United States of America." He is shown using his laptop to edit his presentation, and pondering the difficulty he has had in awakening public concern: "I've been trying to tell this story for a long time and I feel as if I've failed to get the message across."
Gore then begins his slide show on Global Warming; a comprehensive presentation replete with detailed graphs, flow charts and stark visuals. Gore shows off several photographs of the Earth taken from multiple space missions, as Earthrise and The Blue Marble. Gore notes that these photos dramatically transformed the way we see the Earth, helping spark modern environmentalism.
Following this, Gore shares anecdotes that inspired his interest in the issue, including his college education with early climate expert Roger Revelle at Harvard University, his sister's death from lung cancer and his young son's near-fatal car accident. Gore recalls a story from his grade-school years, where a fellow student asked his geography teacher about continental drift, whether the coastlines of South America and Africa might fit together; in response, the teacher called the concept the "most ridiculous thing ever heard." Gore ties this conclusion to the assumption that "the Earth is so big, we can't possibly have any lasting, harmful impact on the Earth's environment." For comic effect, Gore uses a clip from the Futurama episode "Crimes of the Hot" to describe the greenhouse effect. Gore refers to his loss to George W. Bush in the 2000 United States presidential election as a "hard blow" yet one which subsequently "brought into clear focus, the mission had been pursuing for all these years."
Throughout the movie, Gore discusses the scientific consensus on global warming, as well as the present and future effects of global warming and stresses that global warming "is really not a political issue, so much as a moral one," describing the consequences he believes global warming will produce if the amount of human-generated greenhouse gases is not significantly reduced in the very near future. Gore also presents Antarctic ice coring data showing CO2 levels higher now than in the past 650,000 years.
The film includes segments intended to refute critics who say that global warming is unproven or that warming will be insignificant. For example, Gore cites the retreat of nearly all glaciers caused by melting over recent decades, showing nine cases, such as the Grinnel and Boulder Glaciers and Patagonia. He discusses the possibility of the collapse and melting of a major ice sheet in Greenland or in West Antarctica, either of which could raise global sea levels by approximately 20 feet (6m), flooding coastal areas and producing 100 million refugees. Melt water from Greenland, because of its lower salinity, could then halt the currents that keep northern Europe warm and quickly trigger dramatic local cooling there. It also contains various short animated projections of what could happen to different animals more vulnerable to global warming.
Call to action
The documentary ends with Gore arguing that if appropriate actions are taken soon, the effects of global warming can be successfully reversed by releasing less CO2 and planting more vegetation to consume existing CO2. Gore calls upon his viewers to learn how they can help him in these efforts. Gore closes the film by saying:
Each one of us is a cause of global warming, but each one of us can make choices to change that with the things we buy, the electricity we use, the cars we drive; we can make choices to bring our individual carbon emissions to zero. The solutions are in our hands, we just have to have the determination to make it happen. We have everything that we need to reduce carbon emissions, everything but political will. But in America, the will to act is a renewable resource.
During the film's end credits, several calls to action pop up on screen suggesting to viewers things at home they can do to combat global warming, including "recycle", "speak up in your community", "try to buy a hybrid vehicle" and "encourage everyone you know to watch this movie."
Background
Origins
See also: Environmental activism of Al GoreGore became interested in global warming when he took a course at Harvard University with Professor Roger Revelle, one of the first scientists to measure carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Later, when Gore was in Congress, he initiated the first congressional hearing on the subject in 1981. Gore's 1992 book, Earth in the Balance, dealing with a number of environmental topics, reached the New York Times bestseller list.
As Vice President during the Clinton Administration, Gore pushed for the implementation of a carbon tax to encourage energy efficiency and diversify the choices of fuel better reflecting the true environmental costs of energy use; it was partially implemented in 1993.
He helped broker the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, an international treaty designed to curb greenhouse gas emissions. The treaty was not ratified in the United States after a 95 to 0 vote in the Senate. The primary objections stemmed from the exemptions the treaty gave to China and India, whose industrial base and carbon footprint have grown rapidly, and fears that the exemptions would lead to further trade imbalances and offshoring arrangement with those countries.
Gore also supported the funding of the controversial, and much-delayed satellite called Triana, which would have provided an image of the Earth 24 hours a day, over the internet and would have acted as a barometer measuring the process of global warming. During his 2000 presidential campaign, Gore ran, in part, on a pledge to ratify the Kyoto Protocol.
The slide show
Following his defeat in the 2000 presidential election by George W. Bush, Gore returned his focus to the topic. He edited and adapted a slide show he had compiled years earlier, and began featuring the slide show in presentations on global warming across the US and around the world. At the time of the film, Gore estimated he had shown the presentation more than one thousand times.
Producer Laurie David saw Gore's slide show in New York City at a global warming town-hall meeting after the May 27, 2004 premiere of The Day After Tomorrow. Gore was one of several panelists and he showed a ten-minute version of his slide show.
I had never seen it before, and I was floored. As soon as the evening's program concluded, I asked him to let me present his full briefing to leaders and friends in New York and Los Angeles. I would do all the organizing if he would commit to the dates. Gore's presentation was the most powerful and clear explanation of global warming I had ever seen. And it became my mission to get everyone I knew to see it too.
Inspired, David assembled a team, including producer Lawrence Bender and former president of eBay Jeffrey Skoll, who met with Gore about the possibility of making the slide show into a movie. It took some convincing. The slide show, she says, "was his baby, and he felt proprietary about it and it was hard for him to let go."
David said the box office returns were not important to her, and that what was at stake was the planet, saying "none of us are going to make a dime."
David and Bender later met with director Davis Guggenheim, to have him direct the film adaptation of his slide show. Guggenheim, who was skeptical at first, later saw the presentation for himself, stating that he was "blown away," and "left after an hour and a half thinking that global warming the most important issue ... I had no idea how you'd make a film out of it, but I wanted to try," he said.
In 2004 Gore enlisted Duarte Design to condense and update his material and add video and animation. Ted Boda described the tools that went into designing the project: "Gore's presentation was in fact using Apple's Keynote presentation software (the same software Steve Jobs presents from) and did so for a number of reasons. As a designer for the presentation, Keynote was the first choice to help create such an engaging presentation."
Initially reluctant of the film adaptation, Gore said after he and the crew were into the production of the movie, the director, Guggenheim, earned his trust.
I had seen enough to gain a tremendous respect for his skill and sensitivity. And he said that one of the huge differences between a live stage performance and a movie is that when you're in the same room with a live person who's on stage speaking — even if it's me — there's an element of dramatic tension and human connection that keeps your attention. And in a movie, that element is just not present. He explained to me that you have to create that element on screen, by supplying a narrative thread that allows the audience to make a connection with one or more characters. He said, "You've got to be that character." So we talked about it, and as I say, by then he had earned such a high level of trust from me that he convinced me.
Production
When Bender first saw Gore's visual presentation he had concerns about connection with viewers, citing a "need to find a personal way in." In the string of interviews with Gore that followed, Gore himself felt like they "were making Kill Al Vol. 3". Bender had other issues including a time frame that was "grueling" and needed to be done in "a very short period of time" despite many filming locations planned. These included many locations throughout the United States and also included China. "It was a lot of travel in a very short period of time. And they had to get this thing edited and cut starting in January, and ready to screen in May. That's like a seriously tight schedule. So the logistics of pulling it off with a low budget were really difficult, and if there's one person who gets credit, it's Leslie Chilcott, because she really pulled it together."
"Most of my movies take a year and a half, if not two and a half," Guggenheim said. "We all felt like we were on a mission from God just to make it as fast as we could. We just felt like it was urgent. The clock was ticking, and people had to see it."
Title
The producers struggled to find an effective title for the film. "We had a lot of really bad titles," Guggenheim recalled. "One was The Rising. I remember Al talking about whether he should give Bruce Springsteen a call, because he had an album out called The Rising. It had a great triple-entendre, because it was like the sea-level rising and the idea of people rising. So we got excited about that for a while." "There were also some really bad ones like Too Hot to Handle," he added. "Maybe that's not right, but it was something with 'hot,' ya know? We had a lot of hot puns."
Guggenheim said that he asked Gore why climate change was "so hard for people to grasp," to which Gore replied, "Because it's an inconvenient truth, ya know." " In the back of my head, I go, that's the title of our movie," Guggenheim said.
Initially, the title was not a popular choice. Gore recalled saying "Nah, I don't think so" but Guggenheim "defended it vigorously against other titles." "People thought it was hard to say, people thought it wasn't fun, it wasn't sexy," Guggenheim remembered. "Days before we went to Sundance and had to decide, there was a large group of people who did not like the title."
Technical aspects
The majority of the movie shows Gore delivering his lecture to an audience at a relatively small theater in Los Angeles. Gore's presentation was delivered on a 70-foot (21 m) digital screen that Bender commissioned specifically for the movie.
While the bulk of the film was shot on 4:4:4 HDCAM, according to director Guggenheim, a vast array of different film formats were used: "There's 35mm and 16mm. A lot of the stuff on the farm I just shot myself on 8mm film. We used four Sony F950 HDCAMs for the presentation. We shot three different kinds of prosumer HD, both 30 and 24. There's MiniDV, there's 3200 black-and-white stills, there's digital stills, some of them emailed on the day they were taken from as far off as Greenland. There was three or four different types of animation. One of the animators is from New Zealand and emailed me his work. There's JPEG stuff."
Guggenheim said that while it would have been a lot easier to use one format, it would not have had the same impact. "Each format has its own feel and texture and touch. For the storytelling of what Gore's memory was like of growing up on the farm, some of this 8mm stuff that I shot is very impressionistic. And for some of his memories of his son's accident, these grainy black-and-white stills ... have a feel that contrasted very beautifully with the crisp hi-def HD that we shot. Every format was used to its best potential. Some of the footage of Katrina has this blown-out video, where the chroma is just blasted, and it looks real muddy, but that too has its own kind of powerful, impactful feeling."
Scientific basis
Further information: Scientific consensus on climate changeThe film lays out the scientific consensus that global warming is real, potentially catastrophic, and human-caused. Gore presents specific data to support this, including:
- The Keeling Curve, which depicts the long-term increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration as measured from the Mauna Loa Observatory.
- The retreat of numerous glaciers is shown with before-and-after photographs.
- A study by researchers at the Physics Institute of the University of Bern and the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) presenting data from Antarctic ice cores showing carbon dioxide concentrations higher than at any time during the past 650,000 years.
- Data from the atmospheric instrumental temperature record showing that the ten hottest years ever measured had all occurred in the previous fourteen years.
- A 2004 survey by Naomi Oreskes of 928 peer-reviewed scientific articles on global climate change published between 1993 and 2003. The survey, published as an editorial in the journal Science, found that every article either supported the human-caused global warming consensus or did not comment on it. Gore also presents a 2004 study by Max and Jules Boykoff showing 53% of articles that appeared in major US newspapers over a fourteen-year period gave roughly equal attention to scientists who expressed views that global warming was caused by humans as they did to climate change deniers (many of them funded by carbon-based industry interests), creating a false balance.
The Associated Press contacted more than 100 climate researchers and questioned them about the film's veracity. All 19 climate scientists who had seen the movie or had read the homonymous book said that Gore accurately conveyed the science, with few errors.
William H. Schlesinger, dean of the Nicholas School of Environment and Earth Sciences at Duke University, said " got all the important material and got it right." Robert Corell, chairman of the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, was also impressed. "I sat there and I'm amazed at how thorough and accurate. After the presentation I said, 'Al, I'm absolutely blown away. There's a lot of details you could get wrong.'...I could find no error." Michael Shermer, scientific author and founder of The Skeptics Society, wrote in Scientific American that Gore's slide show "shocked me out of my doubting stance." Eric Steig, a climate scientist writing on RealClimate, lauded the film's science as "remarkably up to date, with reference to some of the very latest research." Ted Scambos, lead scientist from the National Snow and Ice Data Center, said the film "does an excellent job of outlining the science behind global warming and the challenges society faces in the coming century because of it."
One concern among scientists in the film was the connection between hurricanes and global warming, which at the time was contentious in the scientific community. Gore cited five recent scientific studies to support his view. "I thought the use of imagery from Hurricane Katrina was inappropriate and unnecessary in this regard, as there are plenty of disturbing impacts associated with global warming for which there is much greater scientific consensus," said Brian Soden, professor of meteorology and oceanography at the University of Miami. Gavin Schmidt, climate modeler for NASA, thought Gore appropriately addressed the issue. "Gore talked about 2005 and 2004 being very strong seasons, and if you weren't paying attention, you could be left with the impression that there was a direct cause and effect, but he was very careful to not say there's a direct correlation," Schmidt said. "There is a difference between saying 'we are confident that they will increase' and 'we are confident that they have increased due to this effect,'" added Steig. "Never in the movie does he say: 'This particular event is caused by global warming.'"
Gore's use of long ice core records of CO2 and temperature (from oxygen isotope measurements) in Antarctic ice cores to illustrate the correlation between the two drew some scrutiny; Schmidt, Steig and Michael E. Mann back up Gore's data. "Gore stated that the greenhouse gas levels and temperature changes over ice age signals had a complex relationship but that they 'fit'. Both of these statements are true," said Schmidt and Mann. "The complexity though is actually quite fascinating ... a full understanding of why CO2 changes in precisely the pattern that it does during ice ages is elusive, but among the most plausible explanations is that increased received solar radiation in the southern hemisphere due to changes in Earth's orbital geometry warms the southern ocean, releasing CO2 into the atmosphere, which then leads to further warming through an enhanced greenhouse effect. Gore's terse explanation does not delve into such complexities, but the crux of his point—that the observed long-term relationship between CO2 and temperature in Antarctica supports our understanding of the warming impact of increased CO2 concentrations—is correct. Moreover, our knowledge of why CO2 is changing now (fossil fuel burning) is solid. We also know that CO2 is a greenhouse gas, and that the carbon cycle feedback is positive (increasing temperatures lead to increasing CO2 and CH4), implying that future changes in CO2 will be larger than we might anticipate." "Gore is careful not to state what the temperature/CO2 scaling is," said Steig. "He is making a qualitative point, which is entirely accurate. The fact is that it would be difficult or impossible to explain past changes in temperature during the ice age cycles without CO2 changes. In that sense, the ice core CO2-temperature correlation remains an appropriate demonstration of the influence of CO2 on climate."
Steig disputed Gore's statement that one can visibly see the effect that the United States Clean Air Act has had on ice cores in Antarctica. "One can neither see, nor even detect using sensitive chemical methods any evidence in Antarctica of the Clean Air Act," he said, but did note that they are "clearly recorded in ice core records from Greenland." Despite these flaws, Steig said that the film got the fundamental science right and the minor factual errors did not undermine the main message of the film, adding "An Inconvenient Truth rests on a solid scientific foundation."
Lonnie Thompson, Earth Science professor at Ohio State University, whose work on retreating glaciers was featured in the film, was pleased with how his research was presented. "It's so hard given the breadth of this topic to be factually correct, and make sure you don't lose your audience," Thompson said.
"As scientists, we publish our papers in Science and Nature, but very few people read those. Here's another way to get this message out. To me, it's an excellent overview for an introductory class at a university. What are the issues and what are the possible consequences of not doing anything about those changes? To me, it has tremendous value. It will reach people that scientists will never reach."
John Nielsen-Gammon from Texas A&M University said the "main scientific argument presented in the movie is for the most part consistent with the weight of scientific evidence, but with some of the main points needing updating, correction, or qualification." Nielsen-Gammon thought the film neglected information gained from computer models, and instead relied entirely on past and current observational evidence, "perhaps because such information would be difficult for a lay audience to grasp, believe, or connect with emotionally."
Steven Quiring, a climatologist from Texas A&M University, added that "whether scientists like it or not, An Inconvenient Truth has had a much greater impact on public opinion and public awareness of global climate change than any scientific paper or report."
Reception
Box office
The film opened in New York City and Los Angeles on May 24, 2006. On Memorial Day weekend, it grossed an average of $91,447 per theater, the highest of any movie that weekend and a record for a documentary, though it was only playing on four screens at the time.
At the 2006 Sundance Film Festival, the movie received three standing ovations. It was also screened at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival and was the opening night film at the 27th Durban International Film Festival on June 14, 2006. An Inconvenient Truth was the most popular documentary at the 2006 Brisbane International Film Festival.
The film has grossed over $24 million in the US, making it the eleventh-highest-grossing documentary in the US (from 1982 to the present). It grossed nearly $26 million in foreign countries, the highest being France, where it grossed $5 million. According to Gore, "Tipper and I are devoting 100 percent of the profits from the book and the movie to a new bipartisan educational campaign to further spread the message about global warming." Paramount Classics committed 5% of their domestic theatrical gross from the film to form a new bipartisan climate action group, Alliance for Climate Protection, dedicated to awareness and grassroots organizing.
Critical response
The film received a positive reaction from film critics and audiences. It has a 93% rating at Rotten Tomatoes, based on 166 reviews, and an average rating of 7.74/10. The website's critical consensus states, "This candid, powerful and informative documentary illuminates some of the myths surrounding its dual subjects: global warming and Al Gore". At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the film has received an average score of 75, based on 32 reviews.
Film critics Roger Ebert and Richard Roeper gave the film "two thumbs up". Ebert said, "In 39 years, I have never written these words in a movie review, but here they are: You owe it to yourself to see this film. If you do not, and you have grandchildren, you should explain to them why you decided not to," calling the film "horrifying, enthralling and the potential, I believe, to actually change public policy and begin a process which could save the Earth".
New York Magazine critic David Edelstein called the film "One of the most realistic documentaries I've ever seen—and, dry as it is, one of the most devastating in its implications." The New Yorker's David Remnick added that while it was "not the most entertaining film of the year ... it might be the most important" and a "brilliantly lucid, often riveting attempt to warn Americans off our hellbent path to global suicide." The New York Times reviewer A. O. Scott thought the film was "edited crisply enough to keep it from feeling like 90 minutes of C-SPAN and shaped to give Mr. Gore's argument a real sense of drama," and "as unsettling as it can be," Scott continued, "it is also intellectually exhilarating, and, like any good piece of pedagogy, whets the appetite for further study." Bright Lights Film Journal critic Jayson Harsin declared the film's aesthetic qualities groundbreaking, as a new genre of slideshow film. NASA climatologist James Hansen described the film as powerful, complemented by detail in the book. Hansen said that "Gore has put together a coherent account of a complex topic that Americans desperately need to understand. The story is scientifically accurate and yet should be understandable to the public, a public that is less and less drawn to science." He added that with An Inconvenient Truth, "Al Gore may have done for global warming what Silent Spring did for pesticides. He will be attacked, but the public will have the information needed to distinguish our long-term well-being from short-term special interests."
In "extensive exit polling" of An Inconvenient Truth in "conservative suburban markets like Plano and Irvine (Orange County), as well as Dallas and Long Island", 92 percent rated "Truth" highly and 87 percent of the respondents said they'd recommend the film to a friend. University of Washington professor Michele Poff argued that Gore was successful in communicating to conservative-leaning audiences by framing the climate crisis as apolitical. "Gore's and the environment's identification with the Democratic Party posed a significant challenge to reaching Republicans and conservatives, as well as those disgruntled with politics in general," Poff wrote.
"To appeal to such individuals, Gore framed the matter as distinctly apolitical – as an issue both outside politics and one that was crucial regardless of one's ideological leanings. These explicit attempts to frame the issue as apolitical take on further gravitas when we consider how Gore infused the film with reflections of conservative values. Indeed, Gore reached deeply into the value structure of American conservatives to highlight ideals that suggested his cause was not liberal, but rather was beyond politics, beyond ideology."
A small number of reviews criticized the film on scientific and political grounds. Journalist Ronald Bailey argued in the libertarian magazine Reason that although "Gore gets more right than wrong," he exaggerates the risks. MIT atmospheric physicist Richard S. Lindzen was vocally critical of the film, writing in a June 26, 2006 op-ed in The Wall Street Journal that Gore was using a biased presentation to exploit the fears of the public for his own political gain.
A few other reviewers were also skeptical of Gore's intent, wondering whether he was setting himself for another Presidential run. The Boston Globe writer Peter Canellos criticized the "gauzy biographical material that seems to have been culled from old Gore campaign commercials." Phil Hall of Film Threat gave the film a negative review, saying "An Inconvenient Truth is something you rarely see in movies today: a blatant intellectual fraud."
Others felt that Gore did not go far enough in depicting the threat Indigenous peoples faced with the dire consequences of climate change. "An Inconvenient Truth completely ignores the plight of Arctic indigenous peoples whose cultures and landscapes are facing profound changes produced by melting polar ice," argued environmental historian Finis Dunaway.
Accolades
An Inconvenient Truth has received many different awards worldwide. The film won two awards at the 79th Academy Awards: Best Documentary Feature and Best Original Song for Melissa Etheridge's "I Need to Wake Up". It is the first documentary to win 2 Oscars and the first to win a best original song Oscar. After winning the 2007 Academy Award for Documentary Feature, the Oscar was awarded to director Guggenheim, who asked Gore to join him and other members of the crew on stage. Gore then gave a brief speech, saying:
My fellow Americans, people all over the world, we need to solve the climate crisis. It's not a political issue; it's a moral issue. We have everything we need to get started, with the possible exception of the will to act. That's a renewable resource. Let's renew it.
For Gore's wide-reaching efforts to draw the world's attention to the dangers of global warming which is centerpieced in the film, Al Gore, along with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), won the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize. Gore also received the Prince of Asturias Prize in 2007 for international cooperation. The related album, which featured the voices of Beau Bridges, Cynthia Nixon and Blair Underwood, also won Best Spoken Word Album at the 51st Grammy Awards.
The film received numerous other accolades, including a special recognition from the Humanitas Prize, the first time the organization had handed out a Special Award in over 10 years, the 2007 Stanley Kramer Award from The Producers Guild of America, which recognizes "work that dramatically illustrates provocative social issues" and the President's Award 2007 from the Society for Technical Communication "for demonstrating that effective and understandable technical communication, when coupled with passion and vision, has the power to educate—and change—the world."
The film won many other awards for Best Documentary:
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Impact
The documentary has been generally well-received politically in many parts of the world and is credited for raising further awareness of global warming internationally. The film inspired producer Kevin Wall to conceive the 2007 Live Earth festival and influenced Italian composer Giorgio Battistelli to write an operatic adaptation, entitled "CO2," premiering at La Scala in Milan in 2015.
According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, in response to the documentary,
"Pro-industry conservative politicians and their supporters (many of whom saw global warming as a hoax designed to bilk taxpayers out of their money) lined up on one side, while scientists and more-liberal politicians (who pressed that global warming was among the most important issues humanity would face) teamed up on the other",
adding that "Most remember the film as part motivational science lecture with slick graphics and part self-reflection."
Activism
Following the film, Gore founded The Climate Reality Project in 2006 which trained 1,000 activists to give Gore's presentation in their communities. Presently, the group has 3,500 presenters worldwide. An additional initiative was launched in 2010, called "Inconvenient Youth". "'Inconvenient Youth' is built on the belief that teens can help lead efforts to solve the climate crisis," said Gore. The project was inspired by Mary Doerr, a 16-year-old who trained as presenter for the organization.
University of Scranton professor Jessica Nolan found in a 2010 study published for Environment and Behavior that people became more informed and concerned about climate change right after seeing the film but that these concerns did not translate into changed behavior a month later. On the contrary, in a 2011 paper published in the Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, University of Oregon professor Grant Jacobsen found in the two months following the release of the film, zip codes within a 10-mile (16 km) radius of a zip code where the film was shown experienced a 50 percent relative increase in the purchase of voluntary carbon offsets.
Public opinion
In a July 2007 47-country Internet survey conducted by The Nielsen Company and Oxford University, 66% of those respondents who said they had seen An Inconvenient Truth stated that it had "changed their mind" about global warming and 89% said it had made them more aware of the problem. Three out of four (74%) said they had changed some of their habits because of seeing the film.
Governmental reactions
Then-President George W. Bush, when asked whether he would watch the film, responded: "Doubt it." "New technologies will change how we live and how we drive our cars, which all will have the beneficial effect of improving the environment," Bush said. "And in my judgment we need to set aside whether or not greenhouse gases have been caused by mankind or because of natural effects and focus on the technologies that will enable us to live better lives and at the same time protect the environment". Gore responded that "The entire global scientific community has a consensus on the question that human beings are responsible for global warming and he has today again expressed personal doubt that that is true." White House deputy press secretary Dana Perino stated that "The president noted in 2001 the increase in temperatures over the past 100 years and that the increase in greenhouse gases was due to a certain extent to human activity".
Several United States Senators screened the film. New Mexico Democratic Senator Jeff Bingaman and Nevada Democratic Senator Harry Reid saw the movie at its Washington premiere at the National Geographic Society. New Mexico Democratic Senator Tom Udall planned to see the film saying "It's such a powerful statement because of the way the movie is put together, I tell everybody, Democrat or Republican, they've got to go see this movie." Former New Mexico Republican Senator Pete Domenici thought Gore's prominence on the global warming issue made it more difficult to get a consensus in Congress. Bingaman disputed this saying, "It seems to me we were having great difficulty recruiting Republican members of Congress to support a bill before Al Gore came up with this movie."
Oklahoma Republican Senator Jim Inhofe, then-chairman of the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee, said that he did not plan to see the film (which he appears in), and compared it to Adolf Hitler's book Mein Kampf. "If you say the same lie over and over again, and particularly if you have the media's support, people will believe it," Inhofe said, adding that he thought Gore was trying to use the issue to run for president again in 2008. In contrast to Inhofe, Arizona Republican Senator John McCain, did not criticize Gore's efforts or the movie, which he planned to see. Tennessee Republican Senator Lamar Alexander, said "Because (Gore) was a former vice president and presidential nominee, he brings a lot of visibility to (the issue)," Alexander said. "On the other hand it may be seen as political by some, and they may be less eager to be a part of it." Alexander also criticized the omission of nuclear power in the film. "Maybe it needs a sequel: 'An Inconvenient Truth 2: Nuclear Power.'"
In September 2006, Gore traveled to Sydney, Australia, to promote the film. Then-Australian Prime Minister John Howard said he would not meet with Gore or agree to Kyoto because of the movie: "I don't take policy advice from films." Former Opposition Leader Kim Beazley joined Gore for a viewing and other MPs attended a special screening at Parliament House earlier in the week. After winning the general election a year later, Prime Minister Kevin Rudd ratified Kyoto in his first week of office, leaving the United States the only industrialized nation in the world not to have signed the treaty.
In the United Kingdom, Conservative party leader and future Prime Minister David Cameron urged people to watch the film in order to understand climate change. In Belgium, activist Margaretha Guidone persuaded the entire Belgian government to see the film. 200 politicians and political staff accepted her invitation, among whom were Belgian prime minister Guy Verhofstadt and Minister-President of Flanders, Yves Leterme. In Costa Rica, the film was screened by president Óscar Arias. Arias's subsequent championing of the climate change issue was greatly influenced by the film.
Industry and business
The Competitive Enterprise Institute released pro-carbon dioxide television ads in preparation for the film's release in May 2006. The ads featured a little girl blowing a dandelion with the tagline, "Carbon dioxide. They call it pollution. We call it life."
In August 2006, The Wall Street Journal revealed that a YouTube video lampooning Gore and the movie, titled Al Gore's Penguin Army, appeared to be "astroturfing" by DCI Group, a Washington public relations firm.
Use in education
Several colleges and high schools have featured the film in science curricula. In Germany, German Environment Minister Sigmar Gabriel bought 6,000 DVDs of An Inconvenient Truth to make it available to German schools. Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero distributed 30000 copies to the Spanish schools in October 2007. In Burlington, Ontario, Canada, the Halton District School Board made An Inconvenient Truth available at schools and as an educational resource.
In the United Kingdom
As part of a nationwide "Sustainable Schools Year of Action" launched in late 2006, the UK Government, Welsh Assembly Government and Scottish Executive announced between January–March 2007 that copies of An Inconvenient Truth would be sent to all their secondary schools. The film was placed into the science curriculum for fourth and sixth-year students in Scotland as a joint initiative between Learning and Teaching Scotland and ScottishPower.
Dimmock case
Further information: Dimmock v Secretary of State for Education and SkillsIn May 2007, Stewart Dimmock—a school governor from Kent, England, and member of the right-wing New Party—challenged the UK Government's distribution of the film in a lawsuit, Dimmock v Secretary of State for Education and Skills, with help from political ally and New Party founder Viscount Monckton, who notably pointed out "35 serious scientific errors". The plaintiffs sought an injunction preventing the screening of the film in English schools, arguing that by law schools are forbidden to promote partisan political views and, when dealing with political issues, are required to provide a balanced presentation of opposing views.
On October 10, 2007, High Court Justice Michael Burton, after explaining that the requirement for a balanced presentation does not warrant that equal weight be given to alternative views of a mainstream view, ruled that it was clear that the film was substantially founded upon scientific research and fact, albeit that the science had been used, in the hands of a "talented politician and communicator", to make a political statement and to support a political program. The judge ruled that An Inconvenient Truth contained nine scientific errors and thus must be accompanied by an explanation of those errors before being shown to school children. The judge said that showing the film without the explanations of error would be a violation of education laws.
The judge concluded "I have no doubt that Dr Stott, the Defendant's expert, is right when he says that: 'Al Gore's presentation of the causes and likely effects of climate change in the film was broadly accurate.'" On the basis of testimony from Robert M. Carter and the arguments put forth by the claimant's lawyers, the judge also pointed to nine "errors", i.e. statements the truth of which he did not rule on, but that he found to depart from the mainstream scientific positions on global warming. He also found that some of these departures from the mainstream arose in the context of alarmism and exaggeration in support of political theses. Since the government had already accepted to amend the guidance notes to address these along with other points in a fashion that the judge found satisfactory, no order was made on the application.
Government Minister of Children, Young People and Families, Kevin Brennan stated: "We have updated the accompanying guidance, as requested by the judge to make it clearer for teachers as to the stated Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change position on a number of scientific points raised in the film." Plaintiff Dimmock complained that "no amount of turgid guidance" could change his view that the film was unsuitable for the classroom.
In the United States
In January 2007, the Federal Way (Washington State) School Board voted to require an approval by the principal and the superintendent for teachers to show the film to students and that the teachers must include the presentation of an approved "opposing view". The moratorium was repealed, at a meeting on January 23, after a predominantly negative community reaction. Shortly thereafter, the school board in Yakima, Washington, calling the film a "controversial issue", prevented the Environmental Club of Eisenhower High School from showing it, pending review by the school board, teachers, principal, and parents. It lifted the stay a month later, upon the approval by a review panel.
National Science Teachers Association
In the United States, 50,000 free copies of An Inconvenient Truth were offered to the National Science Teachers Association (NSTA), which declined to take them. Producer David provided an email correspondence from the NSTA detailing that their reasoning was that the DVDs would place "unnecessary risk upon the capital campaign, especially certain targeted supporters," and that they saw "little, if any, benefit to NSTA or its members" in accepting the free DVDs. In public, the NSTA argued that distributing this film to its members would have been contrary to a long-standing NSTA policy against distributing unsolicited materials to its members. The NSTA also said that they had offered several other options for distributing the film but ultimately " appears that these alternative distribution mechanisms were unsatisfactory."
David has said that NSTA Executive Director Gerry Wheeler promised in a telephone conversation to explore alternatives with NSTA's board for advertising the film but she had not yet received an alternative offer at the time of NSTA's public claim. She also said that she rejected their subsequent offers because they were nothing more than offers to sell their "commercially available member mailing list" and advertising space in their magazine and newsletter, which are available to anyone. The American Association for the Advancement of Science publication ScienceNOW published an assessment discussing both sides of the NSTA decision in which it was reported that "David says NSTA's imprimatur was essential and that buying a mailing list is a nonstarter. 'You don't want to send out a cold letter, and it costs a lot of money,' she says. 'There are a thousand reasons why that wouldn't work.'"
A The Washington Post editorial called the decision "Science a la Joe Camel", citing for example that the NSTA had received $6 million since 1996 from ExxonMobil, which had a representative on the organization's corporate board. David noted that in the past, NSTA had shipped out 20,000 copies of a 10-part video produced by Wheeler with funding provided by ConocoPhillips in 2003. NSTA indicated that they retained editorial control over the content, which David questioned based on the point of view portrayed in the global warming section of the video.
In New Zealand
Former ACT New Zealand Member of Parliament Muriel Newman filed a petition to have New Zealand schoolchildren be protected from political indoctrination by putting provisions that resembled those in the UK to the Education Act. The petition was in response to concerned parents who talked with Newman after An Inconvenient Truth was shown in schools in 2007. The parents were apparently worried that teachers were not pointing out supposed inaccuracies in the film and were not explaining differing viewpoints.
Music
An Inconvenient Truth: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack | |
---|---|
Soundtrack album by Michael Brook | |
Released | September 26, 2006 (2006-09-26) |
Length | 44:43 |
Label | High Wire Music |
Producer | Michael Brook |
Review scores | |
---|---|
Source | Rating |
Allmusic |
An Inconvenient Truth was scored by Michael Brook with an accompanying theme song played during the end credits by Melissa Etheridge. Brook explained that he wanted to bring out the emotion expressed in the film: "... in An Inconvenient Truth, there's a lot of information and it's kind of a lecture, in a way, and very well organized and very well presented, but it's a lot to absorb. And the director, Guggenheim, wanted to have – sort of give people a little break every once in a while and say, okay, you don't have to absorb this information, you can just sort of – and it was more the personal side of Al Gore's life or how it connected to the theme of the film. And that's when there's music."
Etheridge agreed to write An Inconvenient Truth's theme song, "I Need to Wake Up" after viewing Gore's slide show. "I was so honored he would ask me to contribute to a project that is so powerful and so important, I felt such a huge responsibility," she said. "Then I went, 'What am I going to write? What am I going to say?' " Etheridge's former partner, Tammy Lynn Michaels, told her: "Write what you feel, because that's what people are going to feel." Of Etheridge's commitment to the project, Gore said, "Melissa is a rare soul who gives a lot of time and effort to causes in which she strongly believes." Etheridge received the 2006 Academy Award for Best Original Song for "I Need to Wake Up." Upon receiving the award, she noted in her acceptance speech:
Mostly I have to thank Al Gore, for inspiring us, for inspiring me, showing that caring about the Earth is not Republican or Democrat; it's not red or blue, it's all green.
No. | Title | Length |
---|---|---|
1. | "Main Title (River View)" | 1:23 |
2. | "Science" | 2:54 |
3. | "Prof. Revelle" | 2:07 |
4. | "How Could I Spend My Time?" | 2:40 |
5. | "Katrina" | 1:36 |
6. | "Election" | 2:58 |
7. | "Farm, Pt. 1" | 1:43 |
8. | "Farm, Pt. 2" | 3:04 |
9. | "Airport" | 2:14 |
10. | "Flood" | 2:15 |
11. | "Beijing" | 1:21 |
12. | "Tobacco" | 2:11 |
13. | "1000 Slide Shows" | 2:19 |
14. | "Earth Alone" | 3:30 |
15. | "Best Unsaid" | 2:40 |
16. | "Boom" | 1:58 |
17. | "Carte Noir" | 3:09 |
Book and documentary
Gore's book of the same title was published concurrently with the theatrical release of the documentary. The book contains additional information, scientific analysis, and Gore's commentary on the issues presented in the documentary. A 2007 documentary entitled An Update with Former Vice President Al Gore features Gore discussing additional information that came to light after the film was completed, such as Hurricane Katrina, coral reef depletion, glacial earthquake activity on the Greenland ice sheet, wildfires, and trapped methane gas release associated with permafrost melting.
Sequel
Main article: An Inconvenient Sequel: Truth to PowerWhen asked during a Reddit "Ask Me Anything" in October 2013 whether there were plans for a follow-up film, Guggenheim said, "I think about it a lot – I think we need one right now." In 2014, The Hollywood Reporter reported that the producers of the film were in talks over a possible sequel. "We have had conversations," co-producer Bender said. "We've met; we've discussed. If we are going to make a movie, we want it to have an impact." Co-producer David also believed a sequel was needed. "God, do we need one," David said. "Everything in that movie has come to pass. At the time we did the movie, there was Hurricane Katrina; now we have extreme weather events every other week. The update has to be incredible and shocking."
In December 2016, Al Gore announced that a follow-up to An Inconvenient Truth would open at the 2017 Sundance Film Festival. The film was screened in the Climate section, a new section for films featuring themes of climate and the environment. It was released by Paramount on July 28, 2017.
See also
- CO2 (opera)
- Human impact on the environment
- Hurricane Katrina
- Extinction risk from climate change
- Racing Extinction
- Catching the Sun
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... climate change, a term that Gore renamed to climate crisis
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{{cite web}}
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External links
Listen to this article (18 minutes) This audio file was created from a revision of this article dated 18 November 2006 (2006-11-18), and does not reflect subsequent edits.(Audio help · More spoken articles)- An Inconvenient Truth official website
- An Inconvenient Truth at IMDb
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- An Inconvenient Truth at the AFI Catalog of Feature Films
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- 2006 films
- 2006 documentary films
- 2006 in the environment
- Al Gore
- American documentary films
- Best Documentary Feature Academy Award winners
- Documentary films about global warming
- Films adapted into operas
- Films directed by Davis Guggenheim
- Films produced by Lawrence Bender
- Films produced by Scott Z. Burns
- Films scored by Michael Brook
- Films that won the Best Original Song Academy Award
- Paramount Vantage films
- Participant (company) films
- 2000s English-language films
- 2000s American films
- English-language documentary films