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{{Refimprove|date=April 2010}} {{More citations needed|date=April 2010}}
{{Infobox royalty|monarch {{Infobox royalty
| name =Odo I | name =Odo I
| image =Eudes.jpg | image =Eudes.jpg
| imgw =200px
| caption = | caption =
| succession =], with ] | succession =], with ]
| reign =1008–1035 | reign =1008–1035
| predecessor =] | predecessor =]
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| successor1 =] | successor1 =]
| succession2 =Regent of Brittany | succession2 =Regent of Brittany
| reign2 =1040 - 1057 | reign2 =1040–1057
| spouse =] | spouse =]
| issue = | issue =
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| birth_date =c. 999 | birth_date =c. 999
| birth_place = | birth_place =
| death_date =c. 1079 | death_date =7 January 1079 (aged {{circa}} 80)
| death_place =] | death_place =]
| place of burial=] | place of burial=]
| religion =]
| signature = | signature =
}} }}
'''Odo of Rennes''' ('']: Eozen Penteur'', '']: Eudes/Éon de Penthièvre'') {{efn|Odo in French is Eudes.}} (999–1079), Count of ], was the younger son of Duke ] of ] and ], daughter of ]. Eozen married Agnes of Cornouaille, the daughter of ] and sister of ] who was married in 1066 to Eozen's niece ]. '''Odo of Rennes''' (Medieval ]: ''Eudon Pentevr'', Modern Breton: ''Eozen Penteur'', ]: ''Eudo'', ]: ''Eudes/Éon de Penthièvre'') {{efn|Odo in French is Eudes.}} (c. 999–1079), Count of ], was the youngest of the three sons of Duke ] of ] and ], daughter of ].{{sfn|Warren|1995|p=95}} Eudon married Agnes of Cornouaille (Orguen Kernev), the daughter of ] and sister of ] who was married in 1066 to Eudon's niece ].


==Role in Governance of Brittany== ==Role in Governance of Brittany==
When Eozen's father Duke{{efn|The title of Duke of Brittany had not yet been recognized by the King of France, although it was in use since ]. Since Brittany was not in fact under the French Crown until the late 15th century, and not incorporated into the French State until the French Revolution, what the King of France thought is a moot point.}} Geoffrey I died on 20 November 1008, both Eozen and his older brother ] were minors. When Eudon's father Duke{{efn|The title of Duke of Brittany had not yet been recognized by the King of France, although it was in use since ]. Since Brittany was not in fact subject to the French Crown until the late 15th century, and not incorporated into the French State until the French Revolution, opinions held by the King of France in earlier periods are moot.}} Geoffrey I died on 20 November 1008, both Eudon and his older brother ] were minors.


Duke Geoffrey had initiated a dynastic double marriage with ] by marrying ], one of Richard's sisters, in 996; this was followed by the marriage of Geoffrey's sister ] to Richard around the year 1000. Alan and Eozen were thus double-first cousins of Duke Richard II's children, including ] and ] (William the Conqueror's father), nephews of ], and first cousins of Emma's children ], ], ], ] and ]. Duke Geoffrey had initiated a dynastic double marriage with ] by marrying ], one of Richard's sisters, in 996; this was followed by the marriage of Geoffrey's sister ] to Richard around the year 1000. Alan and Eudon were thus double-first cousins of Duke Richard II's children, including ] and ] (]'s father), nephews of ], and first cousins of Emma's children ], ], ], ] and ].


At Geoffrey's death, Alan became ''de jure'' Duke, as ]{{efn|In some histories Eozen is shown co-Duke with his brother Alan, followed by a period where Alan ruled as Duke of Brittany alone. Eozen's position as co-Duke is unlikely and remains an historical uncertainty in search of documented proof. In any event Alan would go on to shed the control of Normandy circa 1026, and from this date it is clear there was no ruling role for Eozen until Alan died.}}, Hawise took on the role of Regent, and Richard asserted the role of Guardian of Brittany, an arrangement reciprocated on the death of ] in 1035. At Geoffrey's death, Alan became ''de jure'' Duke, as ],{{efn|In some histories Eudon is shown co-Duke with his brother Alan, followed by a period where Alan ruled as Duke of Brittany alone. Eudon's position as co-Duke is unlikely and remains an historical uncertainty in search of documented proof. In any event Alan would go on to shed control by Normandy circa 1026, and from this date it is clear there was no ruling role for Eudon until Alan died.}} Hawise took on the role of Regent, and Richard asserted the role of Guardian of Brittany, an arrangement reciprocated on the death of ] in 1035.


Also in 1035, after a dispute between Eozen and Duke Alan III, their uncle Judicaël Bishop of Vannes arbitrated, and Alan III gave Eozen the bishoprics of Saint Brieuc, Saint Malo Tréguier and Dol de Bretagne, as well as the counties and baronies of Penthièvre, Goëlo, Avaugour and Lamballe. Eozen placed his capital at Lamballe, where he began issuing coins in his own name. Also in 1035, after a dispute between Eudon and Duke Alan III, their uncle Judicaël Bishop of ] arbitrated, and Alan III gave Eudon the bishoprics of ], ], ] and ], as well as the counties and baronies of Penthièvre, Goëlo, Avaugour and ]. Eudon placed his capital at Lamballe, where he began issuing coins in his own name.


Following the death of his brother Duke ] in 1040, Eozen ruled as regent of Brittany in the name of his nephew ], holding Conan in custody. Conan was freed by his supporters in 1047. Eozen's regency should have ended when Conan reached his majority (circa 1054), but Eozen refused to relinquish control of the Duchy. Following the death of his brother Duke ] in 1040, Eudon ruled as regent of Brittany in the name of his nephew ], holding Conan in custody. Conan was freed by his supporters in 1047. Eudon's regency should have ended when Conan reached his majority (circa 1054), but Eudon refused to relinquish control of the Duchy.


In 1054 Geoffrey, Viscount of Mayenne in Maine, affronted by William of Normandy's new fortifications at Ambrières, "appealed to Geoffrey, Count of Anjou" who "called to his assistance Guy-William of Aquitaine and Count Eudo of Brittany"<ref>{{cite book |title=William the Conqueror: The Norman Impact Upon England| author=David Charles Douglas| page=71| publisher=University of California Press| date=1967}}</ref>
In pursuit of his own wider ambitions, Conan was fighting ]. Since Geoffrey was also an enemy of ], the latter weighed in on Conan's side. In February 1054, as an enemy of Conan's, Eozen fought on the side of King ] at the ] against William, but William won. Undaunted, Eozen maintained his alliance with Anjou.


In a charter dated to 1056/1060, Eudon ("Eudo") granted land "in pago Belvacensi" (], ]) to the Abbey of ] Saint-Aubin (q.v. ]). Witnesses included his wife Orguen and their sons Gausfridus, Alanus Rufus, Willelmus, Rotbertus and Ricardus (Geoffrey, Alan Rufus, William, Robert and Richard).
By 1056 Conan gained the upper hand in Brittany, and in 1057 he captured his uncle Eozen and chained him in a prison cell. Eozen's eldest son Geoffrey Boterel continued to fight.


By 1056 Conan gained the upper hand in Brittany, and in 1057 he captured his uncle Eudon and chained him in a prison cell. Eudon's eldest son Geoffrey Boterel continued to fight against Conan.
In 1062, peace was concluded between Conan and Geoffrey. Eozen, who was now free, continued the fight alone.


In 1062, peace was concluded between Conan and Geoffrey. Eudon, who was now free, continued the fight alone.
In histories favourable to the house of Penthievre, Eozen is shown as effectively ruling Brittany between 1040 and 1062. In other histories his rule is shown as ending in 1057, the year in which Conan II captured and imprisoned him in chains.


In histories favourable to the house of Penthièvre, Eudon is shown as effectively ruling Brittany between 1040 and 1062. In other histories his rule is shown as ending with his capture in 1057.
Conan was a legitimate contender for the title of Duke of Normandy, so he then became a serious rival to Duke William.


Conan was a legitimate contender for the title of Duke of Normandy, so he became a serious rival to Duke William.
In 1064, Eozen's liegeman ] invited Duke William to join him against Conan, thus initiating the ] of 1064-1065 in which ], ], ] and the captive ] combined against Conan II, as depicted in three panels of the ]. Historians differ on whether William or Conan should be considered the victor in this conflict.

In 1064, Eudon's liegeman ] invited Duke William to join him against Conan, thus initiating the ] of 1064–1065 in which ], ], ] and the captive ] combined against Conan II, as depicted in three panels of the ]. Historians differ on whether William or Conan should be considered the victor in this conflict.


==Involvement in the Preparations for the Norman Conquest of England== ==Involvement in the Preparations for the Norman Conquest of England==
Eozen provided, trained and equipped 5000 Breton soldiers for ]'s army. Of these, 4000 were professionals, comprising light cavalry, heavy cavalry, archers, crossbowmen and axemen; he also trained 1000 levied (conscripted) spearmen. Eozen put these troops on 100 ships under the command of his sons Count ] and Count ], and they sailed from Brittany to join the Norman forces gathering at ] then on to William's staging point at ], in readiness to cross the Channel. Eudon provided, trained and equipped 5,000 Breton soldiers for ]'s army. Of these, 4,000 were professionals, comprising light cavalry, heavy cavalry, archers, crossbowmen and axemen; he also trained 1,000 levied (conscripted) spearmen. Eudon put these troops on 100 ships under the command of his sons Count ] and Count ], and they sailed from Brittany to join the Norman forces gathering at ] then on to William's staging point at ], in readiness to cross the Channel.


==Rebellion against Hoel, the Regent of Brittany== ==Rebellion against Hoel II of Brittany==
Despite his advanced years, Eozen was involved in the failed 1075/1076 rebellion against ], by Geoffrey Grenonat of Rennes and ] (fresh from his 1075 rebellion against King William). Hoel II was supported by ], briefly placing Eozen and William on opposing sides once again, a situation that was soon resolved when Hoel came to terms with the rebels. Despite his advanced years, Eudon was involved in the failed 1075/1076 rebellion against ], by Geoffrey Grenonat of Rennes and ] (fresh from his 1075 rebellion against King William). Hoel II was supported by ], briefly placing Eudon and William on opposing sides once again, a situation that was soon resolved when, to William's disappointment, Hoel came to terms with the rebels.


==Death== ==Death==
On 7 January 1079, at about 80 years of age, Eozen died in ], an eastern suburb of ]. He was buried in ]. On 7 January 1079, at about 80 years of age, Eudon died in ], an eastern suburb of ]. He was buried in ].


In his memory, “Comes Alanus Rufus” , his second son, donated property to Swavesey Abbey, Cambridgeshire, for the soul of “patris sui Eudonis comitis” , by an undated charter witnessed by “…Ribaldus et Bardulfus fratres comitis…” . In his memory, "Comes Alanus Rufus" (Count Alan Rufus), his second son, donated property to ] Abbey in ], for the soul of "patris sui Eudonis comitis" (his father Count Eudon), by an undated charter witnessed by "...Ribaldus et Bardulfus fratres comitis..." (Ribald and Bardulf, brothers of Count Alan).


==Family== ==Family==
] stated:<ref>Orderic Vitalis, ''The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy'', volume 2, book 5, chapter 9, section 43 and page 164, last paragraph, in Thomas Forester's 1854 translation</ref>
Eozen's children with Agnes include:


"God also gave him seven sons, who became remarkable for the singular and changeable events of their lives. The studious might compose a long and pleasing history, from true accounts of their various fortunes."
*Geoffrey Boterel I, count of ] (d. 24 August 1093).

*] (alternatively Alain Le Roux, or Alan Ar Rouz in Breton, called Count Alan in the ], his name means "Red Deer") (d. between 1093 and 1098) - effectively the first ], though the majority of his manors were in ]. The Honour of Richmond in North Yorkshire was originally called "The Land of Count Alan" (it is so named in the ]), so technically he was Alan the Count of the Land of Count Alan, a title that he understandably never used.
Eudon's children with Agnes include:
* Alan the Black I (alternatively Alain Niger, or Alan Ar Du in Breton, his name means "Black Deer") (d. 1098), inherited from Alan Rufus.{{efn|Not to be confused with ], the son of Stephen, Count of Tréguier, who also would inherit the Earldom, after Stephen. There is little reliable written documentation of his life save for a record of his death - possibly in the same year as his brother Alan Rufus, as he is believed to have held the Earldom for a very brief period of time before it passed to Stephen. }}

*] - ] (possibly illegitimate).{{efn|The detailed documented histories are lacking and limited. He is presumed to have been illegitimate. Brian participated in the conquest of England. The website of Charles Cawley reports that Brian (French: Brien; Latin: Briennius) defeated a second raid in the southwest of England, launched from Ireland by ]'s sons in 1069. Brian's forces then went north to counter the rebellion by ], as William the Conqueror's army travelled west; the two armies joined and won the Battle of ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/miketallent/Battle%20of%20Stafford.htm|title=Battle of Stafford|last=Tallent|first=Mike|accessdate=24 February 2014}}</ref> For a time, Brian held the Honour of Brittany, including 227 manors in Cornwall and a number in eastern England. However, he became an invalid and subsequently relinquished all his estates in south-west England (William then gave them to his own half-brother ]), and retired to Brittany to be with his bride. He is recorded as a witness to two documents issued by Geoffrey I Boterel in 1084. He is believed to have died without offspring<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/BRITTANY.htm#_Toc216697295|title=Comtes de Penthièvre|last=Cawley|first=Charles|work=Medieval Lands|accessdate=17 April 2010}}</ref>, however Domesday Book<ref>{{cite web|url=http://domesdaymap.co.uk|title=Open Domesday|accessdate=24 February 2014}}</ref> entries for the year 1086 refer to "Ralph son of Brian" (http://domesdaymap.co.uk/name/418750/ralph-son-of-brian/) as holding seven properties in ] and ], some under the Bishop of London St Paul, the others under Ranulf (Ranulph) Peverel (see ]); to "William son of Brian" (http://domesdaymap.co.uk/name/597200/william-son-of-brian/) as holding land under the Bishop of London St Paul at Great and Little Totham in the Hundred of Thurstable in Essex; to "Everard son of Brian"; and to "Brian's wife" (http://domesdaymap.co.uk/name/118700/brians-wife/) as holding property under the Bishop of London St Paul in ] in the Hundred of ] in ]. The timing of the lives of Alan Rufus and Stephen of Tréguier suggests that Brian did not hold Richmond. It is reported elsewhere that he was an Earl of Cornwall but resigned the title and returned to Brittany; Brian's lands in England were then granted by King William I to the latter's half-brother Robert, Count of Mortain. During the Anarchy, ] claimed Cornwall on the basis of his uncle Brian having held it; a claim that was accepted by ].}}
*Adèle (born c. 1035, died after 1056/57).<ref>Stéphane Morin, ''Trégor, Goëlo, Penthièvre. Le pouvoir des Comtes de Bretagne du XIIe au XIIIe siècle'', Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2010, {{ISBN|9782753510128}}, date April 2014, p. 55, tableau généalogique n°4 : « Descendance légitime du comte Eudes »</ref>
* ] married Havise of ] - succeeded Alan Rufus and Alan the Black as de facto ]. Stephen and Havise had a number of legitimate children and grandchildren, all of whom are ancestors of the current ].
*Geoffrey Boterel I, ] (d. 24 August 1093){{sfn|Warren|1995|p=95}}
* Robert, a ] in ].
*], ] (d. after 1084).{{efn|The detailed documented histories are lacking and limited. He is presumed to have been illegitimate, though his title of Count suggests that he was a legitimate son, as does the genealogy in Gale's edition of the Registry of the Honour of Richmond which gives his wife's name as Imogen. Brian participated in the conquest of England. Brian's forces then went north to counter the rebellion by ], as William the Conqueror's army travelled west; the two armies joined and won the Battle of ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/miketallent/Battle%20of%20Stafford.htm|title=Battle of Stafford|last=Tallent|first=Mike|access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> For a time, Brian held the Honour of Brittany, including 227 manors in Cornwall and a number in eastern England. However, he became an invalid and subsequently relinquished all his estates in south-west England (William then gave them to his own half-brother ]), and retired to Brittany to be with his bride. He is recorded as a witness to two documents issued by Geoffrey I Boterel in 1084. Domesday Book<ref>{{cite web|url=http://domesdaymap.co.uk|title=Open Domesday|access-date=24 February 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321162208/http://domesdaymap.co.uk/|archive-date=21 March 2015}}</ref> entries for the year 1086 refer to "Ralph son of Brian" (http://domesdaymap.co.uk/name/418750/ralph-son-of-brian/) as holding seven properties in ] and ], some under the Bishop of London St Paul, the others under Ranulf (Ranulph) Peverel (see ]); to "William son of Brian" (http://domesdaymap.co.uk/name/597200/william-son-of-brian/) as holding land under the Bishop of London St Paul at Great and Little Totham in the Hundred of Thurstable in Essex; to "Everard son of Brian" (http://domesdaymap.co.uk/name/196550/everard-son-of-brian/), whose name is the first listed for the Hundred of Cheveley, as holding land, under ] in Ashley and in Saxon , either side of ]; and to "Brian's wife" (http://domesdaymap.co.uk/name/118700/brians-wife/) as holding property under the Bishop of London St Paul in ] in the Hundred of ] in ]. The timing of the lives of Alan Rufus and Stephen of Tréguier suggests that Brian did not hold Richmond. It is reported elsewhere that he was an Earl of Cornwall but resigned the title and returned to Brittany; Brian's lands in England were then granted by King William I to the latter's half-brother Robert, Count of Mortain. During ], ] claimed Cornwall on the basis of his uncle Brian having held it—a claim that was accepted by ].}}
*] (Latin; alternatively Alain Le Roux in French, or Alan Ar Rouz in Breton, called Count Alan in the ], his name means "Red Deer" or "Hart") (d. 1093–98). He promoted trade at ], built ], ] and the first castle at ], and was effectively the first ], though the majority of his manors were in ]. ] in ] is described in the ] as "Terra Alani Comitis" ("The Land of Count Alan") in "Eborakscire" (]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.domesdaybook.net/helpfiles/hs1010.htm |title=Land of Count Alan |access-date=25 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916085423/http://www.domesdaybook.net/helpfiles/hs1010.htm |archive-date=16 September 2011}}</ref> In the ], he was the first of the great magnates to support ] against ] and his allies.
* ] (alternatively Alain Niger, or Alan Ar Du in Breton, his name means "Black Deer") (d. 1094–98), inherited from Alan Rufus.{{efn|Not to be confused with ], the son of Stephen, Count of Tréguier, who also would inherit the Earldom, after Stephen. There is little reliable written documentation of his life save for a record of his death—possibly in the same year as his brother Alan Rufus, as he is believed to have held the Earldom for a very brief period of time before it passed to Stephen. }}{{sfn|Warren|1995|p=95}}
* ],{{sfn|Warren|1995|p=95}} married Havise of ], and succeeded Alan Rufus and Alan the Black as de facto ]. Stephen and Havise had a number of legitimate children and grandchildren, all of whom are ancestors of the current ].
* Robert, a ] in ] (d. after 1083).
* Richard, a ] of ] at the time when ], Thomas's brother ] and ] were also canons there. * Richard, a ] of ] at the time when ], Thomas's brother ] and ] were also canons there.
* Guillaume or William, who came to ], entering the service of the ]; he was the suppressor of the revolt of ] (today ]), and receive a castle in his honour. * Guillaume or William, who came to ], entering the service of the ]; he was the suppressor of the revolt of ] (today ]), and received a castle in his honour.
* An unnamed daughter, who married Enisandus Musardus de ] who was the Lord of ] in Chambridgeshire and subsequently first Constable of ] and lord of some twenty manors in the Land of Count Alan in North Yorkshire. * An unnamed daughter, who married Enisandus Musardus de ] who was the Lord of ] in Cambridgeshire (under Alan Rufus as tenant-in-chief), first Constable of ] and lord of some twenty manors in Richmondshire. Cheveley was recorded until 1457 as remaining under the overlordship of the ].<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=18781 | title= British History Online: Cheveley Manors and estate | access-date= 24 February 2014}}</ref>


Sons of Eozen who were probably illegitimate include: Sons of Eudon who were probably illegitimate include:


* Ribald, who received the Lordship of ] from Alan Rufus, was a male-line ancestor of the Ancient House of Neville.{{efn|Middleham later passed by marriage and consequent female descent to the ].}}
* Bardolf, who moved to ] where he held the lordship of ] and became the ancestor of the ] family.
* Bardolf lord of Ravensworth, who moved to ] where he held the lordship of ] and became the ancestor of the ] family.
* Bodin, Lord of ] and brother of Bardolf.
* Bodin, Lord of ] and ] and brother of Bardolf.
* Ribald, who received the Lordship of ] from Alan Rufus.{{efn|Middleham later passed by marriage and consequent female descent to the ].}}
* (Possibly) Derrien, Lord of ] in Brittany. * (Possibly) Derrien, Lord of ] in Brittany.


At least two of Eozen's sons (Alan Rufus and Brian) were early participants in the ].<ref>Green, Judith A. (2002) ''The Aristocracy of Norman England'', p. 41</ref> At least two of Eudon's sons (Alan Rufus and Brian) were early participants in the ].<ref>Green, Judith A. (2002) ''The Aristocracy of Norman England'', p. 41</ref>


Eozen's descendants formed the junior branch of the Breton ducal family, which gained control of the duchy in 1156 under ]. Eudon's descendants formed the junior branch of the Breton ducal family, which gained control of the duchy in 1156 under his great-grandson ].

==Ancestry==
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|7= 7. ]
|8= 8. ]
|9= 9. Gerberga
|10= 10. ]
|11= 11. ]
|12= 12. ]
|13= 13. ]
|14=
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|21= 21. Gerberga
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==See also== ==See also==
{{Portal|Brittany}}
*] *]


==Notes== ==Notes==
{{notes}} {{notelist}}


==References== ==References==
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*{{cite journal |last=Keats-Rohan |first=K. S. B. |title=The Bretons and Normans of England 1066-1154: the family, the fief and the feudal monarchy |journal=Nottingham Medieval Studies |year=1991 |volume=36 |pages=42–78}} *{{cite journal |last=Keats-Rohan |first=K. S. B. |title=The Bretons and Normans of England 1066-1154: the family, the fief and the feudal monarchy |journal=Nottingham Medieval Studies |year=1991 |volume=36 |pages=42–78}}
*{{cite journal |last=Sharpe |first=Richard |title=King Harold's Daughter |journal=Haskins Society Journal: Studies in Medieval History |year=2007 |volume=19 |pages=1–27}} *{{cite journal |last=Sharpe |first=Richard |title=King Harold's Daughter |journal=Haskins Society Journal: Studies in Medieval History |year=2007 |volume=19 |pages=1–27}}
*{{cite web |url=http://epistolae.ccnmtl.columbia.edu/letter/366.html |title=Epistolae: Letter sent by Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury to Gunhilda, royal nun |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |year=1093 |website=http://epistolae.ccnmtl.columbia.edu |publisher=Columbia University |accessdate=20 May 2013}} *{{cite web |url=http://epistolae.ccnmtl.columbia.edu/letter/366.html |title=Epistolae: Letter sent by Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury to Gunhilda, royal nun |year=1093 |website=epistolae.ccnmtl.columbia.edu |publisher=Columbia University |access-date=20 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209121947/http://epistolae.ccnmtl.columbia.edu/letter/366.html |archive-date=9 December 2014 |url-status=dead }}
*{{cite web |url=http://epistolae.ccnmtl.columbia.edu/letter/367.html |title=Epistolae: Letter sent by Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury to Gunhilda, royal nun |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=1093-1094 |website= http://epistolae.ccnmtl.columbia.edu |publisher=Columbia University |accessdate=20 May 2013}} *{{cite web |url=http://epistolae.ccnmtl.columbia.edu/letter/367.html |title=Epistolae: Letter sent by Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury to Gunhilda, royal nun |date=1093–1094 |website=epistolae.ccnmtl.columbia.edu |publisher=Columbia University |access-date=20 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209122009/http://epistolae.ccnmtl.columbia.edu/letter/367.html |archive-date=9 December 2014 |url-status=dead }}
*{{cite book |title=Henry II |first=W.L. |last=Warren |publisher=University of California Press |year=1995 |edition=4th }}

{{s-start}} {{s-start}}
{{succession box {{succession box
| title = ]<br>with ] | title = ] |with = ]
| years = 1008–1034 | years = 1008–1034
| before = ] | before = ]
| after = ], alone | after = ], alone
}} }}
{{s-end}} {{s-end}}
{{Breton monarchs}} {{Breton monarchs}}


{{Persondata
| NAME = Odo of Rennes
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Count of Penthièvre, Eozen Penteur
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = French noble
| DATE OF BIRTH = 999
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1079
| PLACE OF DEATH = ]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Odo Of Penthievre, Count}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Odo Of Penthievre, Count}}
]
]
]
]
]
]
] ]
] ]
] ]
]
]

Latest revision as of 06:09, 26 December 2024

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Duke of Brittany, with Alan III
Odo I
Duke of Brittany, with Alan III
Reign1008–1035
PredecessorGeoffrey I
SuccessorAlan III by himself
RegentHawise of Normandy
Count of Penthièvre
Reign1035–1079
SuccessorGeoffrey I
Regent of Brittany
Reign1040–1057
Bornc. 999
Died7 January 1079 (aged c. 80)
Cesson-Sévigné
BurialSaint-Brieuc
SpouseOrguen-Agnes of Cornouaille
HouseHouse of Rennes
FatherGeoffrey I
MotherHawise of Normandy

Odo of Rennes (Medieval Breton: Eudon Pentevr, Modern Breton: Eozen Penteur, Latin: Eudo, French: Eudes/Éon de Penthièvre) (c. 999–1079), Count of Penthièvre, was the youngest of the three sons of Duke Geoffrey I of Brittany and Hawise of Normandy, daughter of Richard I of Normandy. Eudon married Agnes of Cornouaille (Orguen Kernev), the daughter of Alan Canhiart, Count of Cornouaille and sister of Hoel II, Duke of Brittany who was married in 1066 to Eudon's niece Hawise, Duchess of Brittany.

Role in Governance of Brittany

When Eudon's father Duke Geoffrey I died on 20 November 1008, both Eudon and his older brother Alan were minors.

Duke Geoffrey had initiated a dynastic double marriage with Richard II, Duke of Normandy by marrying Hawise of Normandy, one of Richard's sisters, in 996; this was followed by the marriage of Geoffrey's sister Judith of Brittany to Richard around the year 1000. Alan and Eudon were thus double-first cousins of Duke Richard II's children, including Richard III, Duke of Normandy and Robert I, Duke of Normandy (William the Conqueror's father), nephews of Emma of Normandy, and first cousins of Emma's children Edward the Confessor, Harthacnut, Goda of England, Gunhilda of Denmark and Alfred Aetheling.

At Geoffrey's death, Alan became de jure Duke, as Alan III, Duke of Brittany, Hawise took on the role of Regent, and Richard asserted the role of Guardian of Brittany, an arrangement reciprocated on the death of Robert I, Duke of Normandy in 1035.

Also in 1035, after a dispute between Eudon and Duke Alan III, their uncle Judicaël Bishop of Vannes arbitrated, and Alan III gave Eudon the bishoprics of Saint-Brieuc, Saint-Malo, Tréguier and Dol-de-Bretagne, as well as the counties and baronies of Penthièvre, Goëlo, Avaugour and Lamballe. Eudon placed his capital at Lamballe, where he began issuing coins in his own name.

Following the death of his brother Duke Alan III in 1040, Eudon ruled as regent of Brittany in the name of his nephew Conan II, holding Conan in custody. Conan was freed by his supporters in 1047. Eudon's regency should have ended when Conan reached his majority (circa 1054), but Eudon refused to relinquish control of the Duchy.

In 1054 Geoffrey, Viscount of Mayenne in Maine, affronted by William of Normandy's new fortifications at Ambrières, "appealed to Geoffrey, Count of Anjou" who "called to his assistance Guy-William of Aquitaine and Count Eudo of Brittany"

In a charter dated to 1056/1060, Eudon ("Eudo") granted land "in pago Belvacensi" (Beauvais, Picardy) to the Abbey of Angers Saint-Aubin (q.v. Albinus of Angers). Witnesses included his wife Orguen and their sons Gausfridus, Alanus Rufus, Willelmus, Rotbertus and Ricardus (Geoffrey, Alan Rufus, William, Robert and Richard).

By 1056 Conan gained the upper hand in Brittany, and in 1057 he captured his uncle Eudon and chained him in a prison cell. Eudon's eldest son Geoffrey Boterel continued to fight against Conan.

In 1062, peace was concluded between Conan and Geoffrey. Eudon, who was now free, continued the fight alone.

In histories favourable to the house of Penthièvre, Eudon is shown as effectively ruling Brittany between 1040 and 1062. In other histories his rule is shown as ending with his capture in 1057.

Conan was a legitimate contender for the title of Duke of Normandy, so he became a serious rival to Duke William.

In 1064, Eudon's liegeman Rivallon I of Dol invited Duke William to join him against Conan, thus initiating the Breton-Norman War of 1064–1065 in which Normandy, Anjou, Dol de Bretagne and the captive Harold Godwinson combined against Conan II, as depicted in three panels of the Bayeux Tapestry. Historians differ on whether William or Conan should be considered the victor in this conflict.

Involvement in the Preparations for the Norman Conquest of England

Eudon provided, trained and equipped 5,000 Breton soldiers for William the Conqueror's army. Of these, 4,000 were professionals, comprising light cavalry, heavy cavalry, archers, crossbowmen and axemen; he also trained 1,000 levied (conscripted) spearmen. Eudon put these troops on 100 ships under the command of his sons Count Alan Rufus and Count Brian, and they sailed from Brittany to join the Norman forces gathering at Barfleur then on to William's staging point at Saint-Valery-sur-Somme, in readiness to cross the Channel.

Rebellion against Hoel II of Brittany

Despite his advanced years, Eudon was involved in the failed 1075/1076 rebellion against Hoel II, Duke of Brittany, by Geoffrey Grenonat of Rennes and Ralph de Gael (fresh from his 1075 rebellion against King William). Hoel II was supported by William the Conqueror, briefly placing Eudon and William on opposing sides once again, a situation that was soon resolved when, to William's disappointment, Hoel came to terms with the rebels.

Death

On 7 January 1079, at about 80 years of age, Eudon died in Cesson-Sévigné, an eastern suburb of Rennes. He was buried in Saint-Brieuc Cathedral.

In his memory, "Comes Alanus Rufus" (Count Alan Rufus), his second son, donated property to Swavesey Abbey in Cambridgeshire, for the soul of "patris sui Eudonis comitis" (his father Count Eudon), by an undated charter witnessed by "...Ribaldus et Bardulfus fratres comitis..." (Ribald and Bardulf, brothers of Count Alan).

Family

Orderic Vitalis stated:

"God also gave him seven sons, who became remarkable for the singular and changeable events of their lives. The studious might compose a long and pleasing history, from true accounts of their various fortunes."

Eudon's children with Agnes include:

Sons of Eudon who were probably illegitimate include:

  • Ribald, who received the Lordship of Middleham from Alan Rufus, was a male-line ancestor of the Ancient House of Neville.
  • Bardolf lord of Ravensworth, who moved to England where he held the lordship of Ravensworth and became the ancestor of the Fitzhugh family.
  • Bodin, Lord of Bedale and Didderston and brother of Bardolf.
  • (Possibly) Derrien, Lord of La Roche-Derrien in Brittany.

At least two of Eudon's sons (Alan Rufus and Brian) were early participants in the Norman conquest of England.

Eudon's descendants formed the junior branch of the Breton ducal family, which gained control of the duchy in 1156 under his great-grandson Conan IV of Brittany.

See also

Notes

  1. Odo in French is Eudes.
  2. The title of Duke of Brittany had not yet been recognized by the King of France, although it was in use since Alan II, Duke of Brittany. Since Brittany was not in fact subject to the French Crown until the late 15th century, and not incorporated into the French State until the French Revolution, opinions held by the King of France in earlier periods are moot.
  3. In some histories Eudon is shown co-Duke with his brother Alan, followed by a period where Alan ruled as Duke of Brittany alone. Eudon's position as co-Duke is unlikely and remains an historical uncertainty in search of documented proof. In any event Alan would go on to shed control by Normandy circa 1026, and from this date it is clear there was no ruling role for Eudon until Alan died.
  4. The detailed documented histories are lacking and limited. He is presumed to have been illegitimate, though his title of Count suggests that he was a legitimate son, as does the genealogy in Gale's edition of the Registry of the Honour of Richmond which gives his wife's name as Imogen. Brian participated in the conquest of England. Brian's forces then went north to counter the rebellion by Eadric the Wild, as William the Conqueror's army travelled west; the two armies joined and won the Battle of Stafford. For a time, Brian held the Honour of Brittany, including 227 manors in Cornwall and a number in eastern England. However, he became an invalid and subsequently relinquished all his estates in south-west England (William then gave them to his own half-brother Robert, Count of Mortain), and retired to Brittany to be with his bride. He is recorded as a witness to two documents issued by Geoffrey I Boterel in 1084. Domesday Book entries for the year 1086 refer to "Ralph son of Brian" (http://domesdaymap.co.uk/name/418750/ralph-son-of-brian/) as holding seven properties in Essex and Suffolk, some under the Bishop of London St Paul, the others under Ranulf (Ranulph) Peverel (see William Peverel); to "William son of Brian" (http://domesdaymap.co.uk/name/597200/william-son-of-brian/) as holding land under the Bishop of London St Paul at Great and Little Totham in the Hundred of Thurstable in Essex; to "Everard son of Brian" (http://domesdaymap.co.uk/name/196550/everard-son-of-brian/), whose name is the first listed for the Hundred of Cheveley, as holding land, under Aubrey de Vere I in Ashley and in Saxon , either side of Cheveley; and to "Brian's wife" (http://domesdaymap.co.uk/name/118700/brians-wife/) as holding property under the Bishop of London St Paul in Stepney in the Hundred of Ossulstone in Middlesex. The timing of the lives of Alan Rufus and Stephen of Tréguier suggests that Brian did not hold Richmond. It is reported elsewhere that he was an Earl of Cornwall but resigned the title and returned to Brittany; Brian's lands in England were then granted by King William I to the latter's half-brother Robert, Count of Mortain. During the Anarchy, Alan the Black II claimed Cornwall on the basis of his uncle Brian having held it—a claim that was accepted by King Stephen.
  5. Not to be confused with Alan the Black II, the son of Stephen, Count of Tréguier, who also would inherit the Earldom, after Stephen. There is little reliable written documentation of his life save for a record of his death—possibly in the same year as his brother Alan Rufus, as he is believed to have held the Earldom for a very brief period of time before it passed to Stephen.
  6. Middleham later passed by marriage and consequent female descent to the House of Neville.

References

  1. ^ Warren 1995, p. 95.
  2. David Charles Douglas (1967). William the Conqueror: The Norman Impact Upon England. University of California Press. p. 71.
  3. Orderic Vitalis, The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy, volume 2, book 5, chapter 9, section 43 and page 164, last paragraph, in Thomas Forester's 1854 translation
  4. Stéphane Morin, Trégor, Goëlo, Penthièvre. Le pouvoir des Comtes de Bretagne du XIIe au XIIIe siècle, Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2010, ISBN 9782753510128, date April 2014, p. 55, tableau généalogique n°4 : « Descendance légitime du comte Eudes »
  5. Tallent, Mike. "Battle of Stafford". Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  6. "Open Domesday". Archived from the original on 21 March 2015. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  7. "Land of Count Alan". Archived from the original on 16 September 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  8. "British History Online: Cheveley Manors and estate". Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  9. Green, Judith A. (2002) The Aristocracy of Norman England, p. 41

Further reading

Preceded byGeoffrey I Duke of Brittany
1008–1034
With: Alan III 		Succeeded byAlan III, alone
Monarchs of Brittany
Early monarchs
c. 578–907
Viking occupation
c. 907–938
  • Hroflr
  • Rognvaldr
  • Incon
House of Nantes
938–958
House of Rennes
958–1072
House of Cornouaille
1072–1156
House of Penthièvre
1156–1196
House of Plantagenet
1196–1203
House of Thouars
1203–1221
House of Dreux
1221–1341
War of the Breton Succession
1341–1365
Montfort of Brittany
1365–1514
House of Valois
1514–1547
Courtesy title
1547–present
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