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{{Short description|New York City government agency}}
{{Infobox Law enforcement agency
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2019}}
| agencyname = New York City Department of Correction
{{Infobox law enforcement agency
| nativename =
| agencyname = New York City Department of Correction
| nativenamea =
| nativenamer = | nativename =
| commonname = | commonname =
| abbreviation = NYC DOC// NYCD | abbreviation = NYCD
| fictional = | patch = NYC-DOC.png
| patchcaption = Patch
| patch = New York City Department of Correction (badge).jpg|260px
| patchcaption = | logo =
| logo = | logocaption =
| badge = NYC Corrections Shield.png
| logocaption =
| badge = NYC Corrections Shield.jpg|260px | badgecaption = NYCD shield (officer)
| badgecaption = Shield of the New York City Department of Correction. | flag = NYC Department of Correction Flag.png
| flagcaption = ]
| flag =
| motto = ''New York's Boldest''
| flagcaption =
| imagesize = | mottotranslated =
| motto = ''New York's Boldest'' | formed = 1895
| preceding1 = Department of Public Charities and Correction
| mottotranslated =
| mission = | preceding2 =
| formedyear = 1895 | employees = 8,787 (FY 2024)
| preceding1 = | volunteers =
| dissolved = | budget = $1.17 billion (FY 2024)
| superseding = | country = United States
| employees = 14,000 | divtype = City
| divname = ]
| volunteers =
| budget = | federal =
| map = Map of New York Highlighting New York City.svg
| government =
| country = United States | legaljuris = ]
| countryabbr = USA | governingbody =
| governingbodyscnd =
| national =
| federal = | constitution1 = ]
| international = | police = yes
| divtype = State | local =
| divname = New York | headquarters = ]
| hqlocmappoptitle =
| divdab =
| subdivtype = City | sworntype = Correction Officer
| subdivname = New York | sworn = 7,060 (FY 2024)
| subdivdab = | unsworntype =
| electeetype = Commissioner
| map = Map of New York Highlighting New York City.svg
| minister1name = ]
| mapcaption =
| sizearea = | chief1name = ]
| chief1position = First Deputy Commissioner
| sizepopulation =
| legaljuris = ] | chief2name = ]
| chief2position = Chief of Staff/Bureau Chief
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| minister1name = Joseph Ponte
| minister1pfo =
| chief1name = Evelyn A. Mirabal| chief1position = Chief
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The '''New York City Department of Correction''' is the branch of the municipal ]<ref>] § 621; "There shall be a department of correction the head of which shall be the commissioner of correction."</ref> responsible for ] inmates, housing the majority of them on ].<ref name=his/> It employs 8,000 uniformed officers and 1,400 civilian staff, has 543 vehicles,<ref name=facil/> and processes over 100,000 new inmates every year,<ref name=press/> retaining a population of inmates of between 13,000 and 18,000.<ref name=facil> New York City Department of Correction, retrieved March 13, 2008</ref> Its nickname is ''New York's Boldest''.<ref name=press/> Its regulations are compiled in title 39 of the '']''. Previously located in Manhattan, the Department of Correction headquarters has now moved to the ] building in the northern section of ], minutes from ]. The '''New York City Department of Correction''' ('''NYCDOC''') is the branch of the municipal ]<ref>] § 621; "There shall be a department of correction the head of which shall be the commissioner of correction."</ref> responsible for the custody, control, and care of ]'s imprisoned population, housing the majority of them on ].<ref name=his/> It employs 7,060 uniformed officers and 1,727 civilian staff, has 543 vehicles, and processes over 100,000 new inmates every year,<ref name=press/> retaining a population of inmates of around 6,000.<ref name=facil> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420183144/http://www.nyc.gov/html/doc/html/about/facilities_overview.shtml |date=April 20, 2014 }} New York City Department of Correction, retrieved March 13, 2008</ref> Its nickname is ''New York's Boldest''.<ref name=press/> Its regulations are compiled in title 39 of the '']''.

Previously located in Manhattan, the Department of Correction headquarters is now located in the ] building in ],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Contact Department of Correction|url=https://www1.nyc.gov/site/doc/about/contact-doc.page|access-date=2020-11-28 |publisher=www1.nyc.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Headquarters {{!}} Correction Officers' Benevolent Association, Inc.|url=https://www.cobanyc.org/headquarters|access-date=2020-11-28|publisher=www.cobanyc.org}}</ref> close to Rikers Island. The agency is headed by a Commissioner, who is chosen and appointed by the ]. The Commissioner reports to the Deputy Mayor of Public Safety.


==History== ==History==


The New York City Department of Correction was first founded as a separate entity in New York City in 1895 after a split from the Department of Public Charities and Correction.<ref name=his> New York City Department of Correction, retrieved March 13, 2008</ref> ], then called Blackwell's Island, was the main penal institution under the jurisdiction of the DOC until the 1930s when it was closed. The penal institutions moved to Rikers Island, which the city purchased for ]180,000, where 10 prisons and 12,000 inmates are now held.<ref name=his/> The New York City Department of Correction was first founded as a separate entity in New York City in 1895 after a split from the Department of Public Charities and Correction.<ref name=his> New York City Department of Correction, retrieved March 13, 2008</ref> ], then called Blackwell's Island, was the main penal institution under the jurisdiction of the DOC until the 1930s when it was closed. The penal institutions moved to Rikers Island, which the city purchased for ]180,000, where 10 prisons and 6,000 inmates are now held.<ref name=his/>


Historians{{who|date=October 2018}} have not described the prison system of New York in the 19th century in a favorable light - with employment positions being awarded based on the ] and employees being characterized as largely corrupt. The Blackwell's Island penitentiary is described as having lax security, where prisoners were able to escape if they knew how to swim.<ref>{{cite book|author= Timothy J. Gilfoyle|title=A Pickpocket's Tale: The Underworld of Nineteenth-Century New York|publisher=W. W. Norton Company|date=2006|isbn=978-0393329896}}</ref>
In 1995, the ] jail system was one of the most violent in the ], averaging more than 100 stabbings and slashings per month. Between January 1995 and January 2002, the department achieved a 93% reduction in inmate on inmate violence as a result of a management system recognized by ]'s John F. Kennedy School of Government, called Total Efficiency Accountability Management System (TEAMS).<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/1999/11/08/nyregion/lockdown-special-report-iron-hand-rikers-island-drastically-reduces-violence.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm</ref> By 2007, the number of stabbings was reduced to 19, making that year the Department of Correction's safest on record. Although the issue of under reporting of incidents has not been ever addressed.<ref name=press>''Press Release - January 6, 2008'' New York City Department of Corrections, available retrieved March 13, 2008</ref>


In 1995, the ] jail system was one of the most violent in the ], averaging more than 100 stabbings and slashings per month. Between January 1995 and January 2002, the department achieved a 93% reduction in inmate on inmate violence as a result of a management system recognized by ]'s John F. Kennedy School of Government, called Total Efficiency Accountability Management System (TEAMS).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/11/08/nyregion/lockdown-special-report-iron-hand-rikers-island-drastically-reduces-violence.html|title=LOCKDOWN -- A special report.; An Iron Hand at Rikers Island Drastically Reduces Violence|first=Christopher|last=Drew|newspaper=The New York Times|date=November 8, 1999|access-date=May 29, 2018}}</ref> By 2007, the number of stabbings was reduced to 19, making that year the Department of Correction's safest on record, although the issue of underreporting of incidents has not been addressed.<ref name=press>''Press Release - January 6, 2008'' New York City Department of Correction, available retrieved March 13, 2008</ref>
In 2009, former commissioner of both the ] and ] Dora Schriro was selected to head the department, with some citing a need in the department for a boost in morale.<ref>City Jails Get a New Commissioner ]</ref> Schriro was named in several federal court cases such as ] and ]. Schriro served with the ] prior to coming to the Department.


In 2009, former commissioner of both the ] and ] Dora Schriro was selected to head the department, with some citing a need in the department for a boost in morale.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://blogs.villagevoice.com/runninscared/archives/2009/09/city_jails_get.php |title=City Jails Get a New Commissioner - New York News - Runnin' Scared |access-date=September 9, 2009 |archive-date=September 12, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912043353/http://blogs.villagevoice.com/runninscared/archives/2009/09/city_jails_get.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Schriro was named in several federal court cases such as ] and ]. Schriro served with the ] prior to coming to the department.
==Power and Authority of Correction Officers==
Correction Officers are New York State peace officers, and hold such status on and off duty, but only when acting under ].<ref>{{cite book | last = Schwartz | first = Martin A. | title = Section 1983 Litigation: Claims and Defenses | publisher = Aspen | date = 1997 | url = http://books.google.ca/books?id=hjxJg6EFkU4C&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref>{{rp|5–27}}


==Responsibilities==
==Ranks==
Correction officers are responsible for the care, control, custody, work performance and job training of inmates. Duties include:
* Inspecting facilities for safety and security, and safeguarding supplies and equipment.
* Supervising meals, recreation, and visitors.
* Maintaining logs.
* Interacting with inmates, and recommending medical and/or psychiatric referrals.
* Escorting and transporting inmates within and outside of the facility.<ref name="OV">{{cite web | title = Correction Officer - Overview | publisher = New York City Department of Correction | url = http://www1.nyc.gov/site/jointheboldest/officer/overview.page | access-date = October 5, 2016}}</ref>


==Command structure==
There are ten titles (referred to as ranks) in the New York City Department of Correction. Their images refer to the uniform rank insignia. However, there are also equivalent level civilian titles as well who also have equivalent power and responsibility and are saluted due to following uniform customs and courtesies. From highest to lowest rank, they are:
There are nine titles (referred to as ranks) in the New York City Department of Correction.

From highest to lowest, the uniformed ranks are:


{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border-collapse:collapse;" class="wikitable" {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border-collapse:collapse;" class="wikitable"
Line 122: Line 82:
!Title !Title
!Insignia !Insignia

|- |-
|Chief of Department
|Commissioner
|]
|-
|Chief of Department / First or Senior Deputy Commissioner
|] |]
|- |-
|Bureau Chief / Deputy Commissioner |Bureau Chief / Deputy Chief / Chief of Staff
|] |]
|- |-
|Assistant Chief / Associate Commissioner |Assistant Chief / Supervising Warden
|] |]
|- |-
|Warden / Assistant Commissioner |Warden
|] |]
|- |-
|Deputy Warden in Command |Deputy Warden in Command
|] |]
|- |-
|Deputy Warden / Chaplain |Deputy Warden / Facility Administrative Chaplain
|] |]
|- |-
|Assistant Deputy Warden |Assistant Deputy Warden / Chaplain
|] |]
|- |-
|Correction Captain |Captain
|] |]
|- |-
|] |Correction Officer/Correction Officer Investigator
| |
|- |-
|} |}


There are certain civilian leadership positions in the agency which have power equivalent to the high ranking uniformed personnel. If they outrank a present uniformed officer, they are saluted due to agency customs and courtesies.
==Tour of duty==


From highest to lowest, the civilian leadership ranks are:
In the New York City Department of Correction, one day is divided into three 8-hour and 31-minute shifts: 11:00 PM to 7:31 AM (called a 2300hrs to 0731hrs), 7:00 AM to 3:31 PM (called an 0700hrs to 1531hrs), and 3:00 PM to 11:31 PM (called a 1500hrs to 2331hrs). Officers work 4 of these shifts per week based upon a rotating squad chart (i.e. 4 working days, 2 days off then another 4 working days and 2 days off). There is also a 5 and 2 squad (5 days on; 2 days off) for specialized units (i.e. Investigation Division, Intelligence Unit, Academy and Firearms Training Units, etc.)
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Title
!Insignia
|-
|Commissioner
|]
|-
|First Deputy Commissioner
|]
|-
|Chief of Staff
|]
|-
|Deputy Commissioner
|]
|-
| Associate Commissioner
|]
|-
| Assistant Commissioner
|]
|}

The Commissioner is the highest-ranking official in the agency and is in command of all uniformed and civilian personnel.


==Equipment and vehicles== ==Equipment and vehicles==
===Firearms===
Correction officers are trained in the use of a firearm, but are only armed on certain post assignments due to the potential threat of prisoners overpowering an officer. On duty firearm is provided (]) however should the member elect there is a list of authorized firearms such as ] pistol. For officers hired before March 1994, the model 10 & 64 revolvers are still used.


Correction officers are New York State Peace Officers with authority to make warrantless arrests, issue summonses, carry and use a firearm & can optionally carry a firearm off duty after 6 month service & written permission from Commanding officer. Officers' options include their duty firearm or ] for off duty use.<ref>Firearms Directive</ref>
Although correction officers are trained to carry firearms, only correction officers at certain post assignments carry a firearm due to the potential threat of prisoners overpowering an officer and seizing their firearm. No one may carry a firearm into a prison without the permission of the Warden or the commanding officer. Officers assigned to prisoner transport units, outside hospital posts, exterior patrol posts, and security posts carry firearms at all times. Not all correction officers carry a firearm on or off-duty, for off-duty carry correction officer must get approval from their respective Warden or commanding officer. On duty firearm is provided (Smith & Wesson 5946 DAO) however should the member elect there is a list of authorized on/off duty firearms such as Glock, SIG Sauer, Beretta, etc. For officers hired before March 1994, the model 10 & 64 revolvers are still an option. If authorized to carry firearms off duty, officers' options include the on duty firearms and, but not limited to, the Glock 26 and the Beretta 92D.<ref>Firearms Directive</ref>


===Vehicles===
The department uses numerous vehicles including ], ] vans, transport buses, firetrucks, and riot vehicles.<ref></ref><ref></ref>
]


The department uses numerous marked vehicles including ]s, ] vans, transport buses, fire trucks, and riot vehicles. They share the distinctive NYC Law Enforcement colour scheme of blue-and-white, with the NYCD patch, red-white-blue/yellow (rear) flashing lights and sirens.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/1987porsche944/1325435257/sizes/l/|title=All sizes - NYC Boldest - polluting the city! - Flickr - Photo Sharing!|website=www.flickr.com|access-date=May 29, 2018}}</ref><ref></ref>
==Notable people of NYC DOC==
Over the years, several notable people have come through the ranks of DOC:


==Facilities==
*], Commissioner in 1940 - Would go on to serve in ] with the ] and later join the ] and be instrumental in leading their forces during that country's independence movement.
] is the main correctional facility.


Horizon Juvenile Center serves as the juvenile facility. The final juvenile inmates on Rikers Island were moved to Horizon in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ransom|first=Jan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/03/nyregion/rikers-island-teenagers-horizon.html|title=Teenagers Were Moved Off Rikers for Safety. Their Brawls Came, Too.|newspaper=]|date=2018-10-03|access-date=2020-08-30}}</ref> The move was prompted by a law passed by New York state in 2017 requiring that juvenile inmates under 18 be housed separately from adults.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ransom|first1=Jan|last2=Stewart|first2=Nikita|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/28/nyregion/nyc-teenagers-rikers-island.html|title=7 Key Questions as New York Moves Teenagers Out of Rikers|newspaper=]|date=2018-09-28|access-date=2020-08-30}}</ref>
*], Served in the NYCDOC from 1994-2001 Mr. Kerik became Correction Commissioner in 1998 and served in that position until appointed the 40th Police commissioner of the NYPD in August 2001.


==Notable employees==
*Soul singer ] served as a corrections officer at Rikers Island.<ref></ref>
*], served as a corrections officer at Rikers Island.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.motherjones.com/mixed-media/2011/04/sharon-jones-interview-dap-kings|title=Dap Queen Sharon Jones|access-date=May 29, 2018}}</ref>
*], served as Commissioner from 1994 to 2001. Kerik became Correction Commissioner after retiring from the NYPD as a detective.
*], served as Commissioner from 1953 to 1966. Developed the NYC Corrections R&D arm to research recidivism methods. She campaigned for legislation to treat addicts and alcoholics as people with medical rather than criminal conditions. Second woman to hold the position.
*], Commissioner in 1940 - Would go on to serve in ] with the ] and later join the ] and be instrumental in leading their forces during that country's independence movement.
*], served as Commissioner from 2022 to 2023. Molina was named ]<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 31, 2023 |title=Mayor Adams Appoints Louis Molina as Assistant Deputy Mayor for Public Safety |url=https://www.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/835-23/mayor-adams-appoints-louis-molina-assistant-deputy-mayor-public-safety |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=The official website of the City of New York}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Member |first=TANDY LAU Amsterdam News Staff, Report for America Corps |date=2023-11-09 |title=Mayor Adams shuffles Louis Molina from DOC commissioner to assistant deputy mayor for public safety |url=https://amsterdamnews.com/news/2023/11/09/louis-molina-moves-from-doc-head-to-assistant-deputy-mayor/ |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=New York Amsterdam News |language=en-US}}</ref> followed by Commissioner of the ] after his departure from the Department.<ref>{{cite web |date=June 3, 2024 |title=Mayor Adams Appoints Louis Molina as Next Commissioner of Department of Citywide Administrative Serv |url=http://www.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/444-24/mayor-adams-appoints-louis-molina-next-commissioner-department-citywide-administrative |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=The official website of the City of New York}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-03 |title=Louis Molina appointed commissioner of NYC Department of Citywide Administrative Services |url=https://pix11.com/news/local-news/louis-molina-to-be-appointed-commissioner-of-nyc-department-of-citywide-administrative-services/ |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=PIX11 |language=en-US}}</ref>
*], former NY state assemblyman
*], former US Congressman


==See also== ==See also==
{{Portal|New York City|Criminal justice|Law enforcement/Law enforcement topics}} {{Portal|New York City|Law}}
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ] * ]
* ]
{{-}}
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
{{Clear}}


==References== ==References==
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==External links== ==External links==
* *
* in the ]


{{New York City Government}} {{New York City Government}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:New York City Department Of Correction}} {{DEFAULTSORT:New York City Department Of Correction}}
]
]
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Latest revision as of 22:03, 27 October 2024

New York City government agency

Law enforcement agency
New York City Department of Correction
PatchPatch
NYCD shield (officer)NYCD shield (officer)
FlagFlag
AbbreviationNYCD
MottoNew York's Boldest
Agency overview
Formed1895
Preceding agency
  • Department of Public Charities and Correction
Employees8,787 (FY 2024)
Annual budget$1.17 billion (FY 2024)
Jurisdictional structure
Operations jurisdictionCity of New York, United States
Map of New York City Department of Correction's jurisdiction
Legal jurisdictionNew York State
Constituting instrument
General nature
Operational structure
HeadquartersEast Elmhurst, Queens
Correction Officers7,060 (FY 2024)
Commissioner responsible
Agency executives
Website
Official Site

The New York City Department of Correction (NYCDOC) is the branch of the municipal government of New York City responsible for the custody, control, and care of New York City's imprisoned population, housing the majority of them on Rikers Island. It employs 7,060 uniformed officers and 1,727 civilian staff, has 543 vehicles, and processes over 100,000 new inmates every year, retaining a population of inmates of around 6,000. Its nickname is New York's Boldest. Its regulations are compiled in title 39 of the New York City Rules.

Previously located in Manhattan, the Department of Correction headquarters is now located in the Bulova building in East Elmhurst, Queens, close to Rikers Island. The agency is headed by a Commissioner, who is chosen and appointed by the Mayor of New York City. The Commissioner reports to the Deputy Mayor of Public Safety.

History

The New York City Department of Correction was first founded as a separate entity in New York City in 1895 after a split from the Department of Public Charities and Correction. Roosevelt Island, then called Blackwell's Island, was the main penal institution under the jurisdiction of the DOC until the 1930s when it was closed. The penal institutions moved to Rikers Island, which the city purchased for $180,000, where 10 prisons and 6,000 inmates are now held.

Historians have not described the prison system of New York in the 19th century in a favorable light - with employment positions being awarded based on the spoils system and employees being characterized as largely corrupt. The Blackwell's Island penitentiary is described as having lax security, where prisoners were able to escape if they knew how to swim.

In 1995, the New York City jail system was one of the most violent in the United States, averaging more than 100 stabbings and slashings per month. Between January 1995 and January 2002, the department achieved a 93% reduction in inmate on inmate violence as a result of a management system recognized by Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government, called Total Efficiency Accountability Management System (TEAMS). By 2007, the number of stabbings was reduced to 19, making that year the Department of Correction's safest on record, although the issue of underreporting of incidents has not been addressed.

In 2009, former commissioner of both the Missouri and Arizona prison systems Dora Schriro was selected to head the department, with some citing a need in the department for a boost in morale. Schriro was named in several federal court cases such as Schriro v. Smith and Schriro v. Summerlin. Schriro served with the United States Department of Homeland Security prior to coming to the department.

Responsibilities

Correction officers are responsible for the care, control, custody, work performance and job training of inmates. Duties include:

  • Inspecting facilities for safety and security, and safeguarding supplies and equipment.
  • Supervising meals, recreation, and visitors.
  • Maintaining logs.
  • Interacting with inmates, and recommending medical and/or psychiatric referrals.
  • Escorting and transporting inmates within and outside of the facility.

Command structure

There are nine titles (referred to as ranks) in the New York City Department of Correction.

From highest to lowest, the uniformed ranks are:

Title Insignia
Chief of Department
Bureau Chief / Deputy Chief / Chief of Staff
Assistant Chief / Supervising Warden
Warden
Deputy Warden in Command
Deputy Warden / Facility Administrative Chaplain
Assistant Deputy Warden / Chaplain
Captain
Correction Officer/Correction Officer Investigator

There are certain civilian leadership positions in the agency which have power equivalent to the high ranking uniformed personnel. If they outrank a present uniformed officer, they are saluted due to agency customs and courtesies.

From highest to lowest, the civilian leadership ranks are:

Title Insignia
Commissioner
First Deputy Commissioner
Chief of Staff
Deputy Commissioner
Associate Commissioner
Assistant Commissioner

The Commissioner is the highest-ranking official in the agency and is in command of all uniformed and civilian personnel.

Equipment and vehicles

Firearms

Correction officers are trained in the use of a firearm, but are only armed on certain post assignments due to the potential threat of prisoners overpowering an officer. On duty firearm is provided (Smith & Wesson 5946 DAO) however should the member elect there is a list of authorized firearms such as Glock pistol. For officers hired before March 1994, the model 10 & 64 revolvers are still used.

Correction officers are New York State Peace Officers with authority to make warrantless arrests, issue summonses, carry and use a firearm & can optionally carry a firearm off duty after 6 month service & written permission from Commanding officer. Officers' options include their duty firearm or Glock 26 for off duty use.

Vehicles

NYCD Firetruck FA-14, in 2019

The department uses numerous marked vehicles including Chevrolet Impalas, Ford vans, transport buses, fire trucks, and riot vehicles. They share the distinctive NYC Law Enforcement colour scheme of blue-and-white, with the NYCD patch, red-white-blue/yellow (rear) flashing lights and sirens.

Facilities

Rikers Island is the main correctional facility.

Horizon Juvenile Center serves as the juvenile facility. The final juvenile inmates on Rikers Island were moved to Horizon in 2018. The move was prompted by a law passed by New York state in 2017 requiring that juvenile inmates under 18 be housed separately from adults.

Notable employees

See also

References

  1. New York City Charter § 621; "There shall be a department of correction the head of which shall be the commissioner of correction."
  2. ^ History of the DOC New York City Department of Correction, retrieved March 13, 2008
  3. ^ Press Release - January 6, 2008 New York City Department of Correction, available here retrieved March 13, 2008
  4. Facilities Overview Archived April 20, 2014, at the Wayback Machine New York City Department of Correction, retrieved March 13, 2008
  5. "Contact Department of Correction". www1.nyc.gov. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  6. "Headquarters | Correction Officers' Benevolent Association, Inc". www.cobanyc.org. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  7. Timothy J. Gilfoyle (2006). A Pickpocket's Tale: The Underworld of Nineteenth-Century New York. W. W. Norton Company. ISBN 978-0393329896.
  8. Drew, Christopher (November 8, 1999). "LOCKDOWN -- A special report.; An Iron Hand at Rikers Island Drastically Reduces Violence". The New York Times. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
  9. "City Jails Get a New Commissioner - New York News - Runnin' Scared". Archived from the original on September 12, 2009. Retrieved September 9, 2009.
  10. "Correction Officer - Overview". New York City Department of Correction. Retrieved October 5, 2016.
  11. Firearms Directive
  12. "All sizes - NYC Boldest - polluting the city! - Flickr - Photo Sharing!". www.flickr.com. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
  13. NYC Corrections Vehicles
  14. Ransom, Jan (October 3, 2018). "Teenagers Were Moved Off Rikers for Safety. Their Brawls Came, Too". The New York Times. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
  15. Ransom, Jan; Stewart, Nikita (September 28, 2018). "7 Key Questions as New York Moves Teenagers Out of Rikers". The New York Times. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
  16. "Dap Queen Sharon Jones". Retrieved May 29, 2018.
  17. "Mayor Adams Appoints Louis Molina as Assistant Deputy Mayor for Public Safety". The official website of the City of New York. October 31, 2023. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  18. Member, TANDY LAU Amsterdam News Staff, Report for America Corps (November 9, 2023). "Mayor Adams shuffles Louis Molina from DOC commissioner to assistant deputy mayor for public safety". New York Amsterdam News. Retrieved September 7, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  19. "Mayor Adams Appoints Louis Molina as Next Commissioner of Department of Citywide Administrative Serv". The official website of the City of New York. June 3, 2024. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
  20. "Louis Molina appointed commissioner of NYC Department of Citywide Administrative Services". PIX11. June 3, 2024. Retrieved July 1, 2024.

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