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Revision as of 00:47, 30 August 2016 edit97.94.65.197 (talk)No edit summary← Previous edit Latest revision as of 14:47, 12 December 2024 edit undoCaioDollis (talk | contribs)16 edits Corrected the mineral's subgroup based on IMA approved Strunz classification of minerals. According to it, petalite (9.EF.05) belongs to the phyllosilicate subgroup (9.EF). 
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{{short description|Silicate mineral, used in ceramic glazing}}
{{Infobox mineral {{Infobox mineral
| name = Petalite | name = Petalite
| category = ] | category = ]
| boxwidth = | boxwidth =
| boxbgcolor = | boxbgcolor =
| image = Petalite.jpg | image = Petalite.jpg
| imagesize = | imagesize = 260px
| caption = Petalite from Minas Gerais State, Brazil (size: 3x4 cm) | caption = Petalite from Minas Gerais State, Brazil (size: 3x4 cm)
| formula = LiAlSi<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub> | formula = LiAlSi<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>
| IMAsymbol = Ptl<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Warr|first=L.N.|date=2021|title=IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|volume=85|issue=3 |pages=291–320|doi=10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |bibcode=2021MinM...85..291W |s2cid=235729616 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
| molweight = | molweight =
| strunz = 09.EF.05 | strunz = 9.EF.05
⚫ | system = ]
| symmetry = Monoclinic prismatic<br/>]: (2/m) <br/>]: P 2/a
| class = Prismatic (2/m) <br/><small>(same ])</small>
⚫ | unit cell = a = 11.737 Å, b = 5.171 Å, c = 7.63 Å; β = 112.54°; Z = 2
| symmetry = ''P2/a''
⚫ | unit cell = a = 11.737&nbsp;Å, <br/>b = 5.171&nbsp;Å, <br/>c = 7.63&nbsp;Å; <br/>β = 112.54°; Z&nbsp;=&nbsp;2
| color = Colorless, grey, yellow, pink, to white | color = Colorless, grey, yellow, pink, to white
| habit = Tabular prismatic crystals and columnar masses | habit = Tabular prismatic crystals and columnar masses
⚫ | system = ]
| twinning = Common on {001}, lamellar | twinning = Common on {001}, lamellar
| cleavage = Perfect on {001}, poor on {201} with 38.5° angle between the two | cleavage = Perfect on {001}, poor on {201} with 38.5° angle between the two
| fracture = Subconchoidal | fracture = Subconchoidal
| tenacity = Brittle | tenacity = Brittle
| mohs = 6 - 6.5 | mohs = 6–6.5
| luster = Vitreous, pearly on cleavages | luster = Vitreous, pearly on cleavages
| refractive = n<sub>α</sub>=1.504, n<sub>β</sub>=1.510, n<sub>γ</sub>=1.516 | refractive = n<sub>α</sub> = 1.504, n<sub>β</sub> = 1.510, n<sub>γ</sub> = 1.516
| opticalprop = Biaxial (+) | opticalprop = Biaxial (+)
| birefringence = δ = 0.012 | birefringence = δ = 0.012
| 2V = 82 – 84° measured | 2V = 82–84° measured
| pleochroism = | pleochroism =
| streak = Colorless | streak = Colorless
| gravity = 2.4 | gravity = 2.4
| density = | density =
| melt = 1350 °C<ref>{{cite web|title=Petalite|url=http://digitalfire.com/4sight/material/petalite_1114.html|publisher=Digital Fire|accessdate=23 October 2011}}</ref> | melt = 1350 °C<ref>{{cite web|title=Petalite|url=http://digitalfire.com/4sight/material/petalite_1114.html|publisher=Digital Fire|access-date=23 October 2011}}</ref>
| fusibility = 5 | fusibility = 5
| diagnostic = | diagnostic =
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| diaphaneity = Transparent to translucent | diaphaneity = Transparent to translucent
| other = | other =
| references = <ref name=HBM></ref><ref name=Webmin></ref><ref name=Mindat></ref><ref name=Klein>*Hurlbut, Cornelius S. and Klein, Cornelis, 1985, ''Manual of Mineralogy,'' Wiley, 20th ed., pp. 459-460 ISBN 0-471-80580-7</ref> | references = <ref name=HBM>{{cite web |last1=Anthony |first1=John W. |last2=Bideaux |first2=Richard A. |last3=Bladh |first3=Kenneth W. |last4=Nichols |first4=Monte C. |title=Petalite |url=http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/pdfs/petalite.pdf |website=Handbook of Mineralogy |publisher=Mineral Data Publishing |access-date=14 March 2022 |date=2005}}</ref><ref name=Webmin></ref><ref name=Mindat>{{mindat|id=3171|title=Petalite}}</ref><ref name=Klein>*Hurlbut, Cornelius S. and Klein, Cornelis, 1985, ''Manual of Mineralogy,'' Wiley, 20th ed., pp. 459–460 {{ISBN|0-471-80580-7}}</ref>
}} }}


'''Petalite''', also known as '''castorite''', is a ] ] ] ] ]]]<sub>4</sub>]<sub>10</sub>, crystallizing in the ] system. Petalite is a member of the ] group. It occurs as colorless, grey, yellow, yellow grey, to white tabular crystals and columnar masses. Occurs in lithium-bearing ]s with ], ], and ]. Petalite is an important ore of lithium, and is converted to ] and ] by heating to ~500&nbsp;°C and under 3&nbsp;kbar of pressure in the presence of a dense hydrous alkali borosilicate fluid with a minor carbonate component.<ref>{{cite book |first=W. A. |last=Deer |title=Framework silicates: silica minerals, feldspathoids and the zeolites |year=2004 |publisher=Geological Soc. |location=London |isbn=1-86239-144-0 |pages=296 |edition=2.}}</ref> The colorless varieties are often used as ]s. '''Petalite''', also known as '''castorite''', is a ] ] ]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nickel |first1=Ernest H. |last2=Nichols |first2=Monte C. |title=IMA/CNMNC List of Mineral Names |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090320163443/http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ima-cnmnc/IMA2009-01%20UPDATE%20160309.pdf |website=Internet Archive |publisher=Materials Data, Inc. |access-date=12 December 2024 |ref=Ernest H. Nickel and Monte C. Nichols (22 May 2008). "IMA/CNMNC List of Mineral Name based on the database MINERAL, which Materials Data, Inc. (MDI) makes available" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2009. Retrieved 31 January 2011}}</ref> ] ]]]<sub>4</sub>]<sub>10</sub>, crystallizing in the ] system. Petalite occurs as colorless, pink, grey, yellow, yellow grey, to white tabular crystals and columnar masses. It occurs in lithium-bearing ]s with ], ], and ]. Petalite is an important ore of lithium, and is converted to ] and ] by heating to ~500&nbsp;°C and under 3&nbsp;kbar of pressure in the presence of a dense hydrous alkali borosilicate fluid with a minor carbonate component.<ref>{{cite book |first=W. A. |last=Deer |title=Framework silicates: silica minerals, feldspathoids and the zeolites |year=2004 |publisher=Geological Soc. |location=London |isbn=978-1-86239-144-4 |pages=296 |edition=2.}}</ref> Petalite (and secondary spodumene formed from it) is lower in iron than primary spodumene, making it a more useful source of lithium in, e.g., the production of glass. The colorless varieties are often used as ]s. {{fact|date=November 2021}}
]


==Discovery and occurrence== ==Discovery and occurrence==
] ]
Discovered in 1800, by Brazilian naturalist ]. Type locality: ], ], ]. The name is derived from the Greek word petalon, which means ''leaf''.<ref name=Mindat/><ref>{{cite journal | url = http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29658#page/256/mode/1up | page= 239 | title = Des caractères et des propriétés de plusieurs nouveaux minérauxde Suède et de Norwège , avec quelques observations chimiques faites sur ces substances Petalite was discovered in 1800, by Brazilian naturalist and statesman ]. Type locality: ], ], ]. The name is derived from the Greek word petalon, which means ''leaf'', alluding to its perfect cleavage.<ref name=Mindat/><ref>{{cite journal | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29658#page/256/mode/1up | page= 239 | title = Des caractères et des propriétés de plusieurs nouveaux minérauxde Suède et de Norwège , avec quelques observations chimiques faites sur ces substances
| last = D'Andraba | authorlink=José Bonifácio de Andrada| journal = Journal de chimie et de physique | volume = 51| date = 1800 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Sowerby |url=http://books.google.de/books?id=2RtaAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA2-PT137 |title=Exotic mineralogy: Or, Coloured figures of foreign minerals: As a supplement to British mineralogy |first1=James |year=1811}}</ref> | last = D'Andraba | author-link=José Bonifácio de Andrada| journal = Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d'Histoire Naturelle, et des Arts | volume = 51| date = 1800 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sowerby |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2RtaAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA2-PT137 |title=Exotic mineralogy: Or, Coloured figures of foreign minerals: As a supplement to British mineralogy |first1=James |year=1811}}</ref>


Economic deposits of petalite are found near ], ]; ], ], ]; ], ]; ], ]; and ], ]. Economic deposits of petalite are found near ], ]; ], ], ]; ], ]; ], ]; and ], ].
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] ]
]
] ]
]
] ]

Latest revision as of 14:47, 12 December 2024

Silicate mineral, used in ceramic glazing
Petalite
Petalite from Minas Gerais State, Brazil (size: 3x4 cm)
General
CategoryPhyllosilicate
Formula
(repeating unit)		LiAlSi4O10
IMA symbolPtl
Strunz classification9.EF.05
Crystal systemMonoclinic
Crystal classPrismatic (2/m)
(same H-M symbol)
Space groupP2/a
Unit cella = 11.737 Å,
b = 5.171 Å,
c = 7.63 Å;
β = 112.54°; Z = 2
Identification
ColorColorless, grey, yellow, pink, to white
Crystal habitTabular prismatic crystals and columnar masses
TwinningCommon on {001}, lamellar
CleavagePerfect on {001}, poor on {201} with 38.5° angle between the two
FractureSubconchoidal
TenacityBrittle
Mohs scale hardness6–6.5
LusterVitreous, pearly on cleavages
StreakColorless
DiaphaneityTransparent to translucent
Specific gravity2.4
Optical propertiesBiaxial (+)
Refractive indexnα = 1.504, nβ = 1.510, nγ = 1.516
Birefringenceδ = 0.012
2V angle82–84° measured
Melting point1350 °C
Fusibility5
SolubilityInsoluble
References

Petalite, also known as castorite, is a lithium aluminum phyllosilicate mineral LiAlSi4O10, crystallizing in the monoclinic system. Petalite occurs as colorless, pink, grey, yellow, yellow grey, to white tabular crystals and columnar masses. It occurs in lithium-bearing pegmatites with spodumene, lepidolite, and tourmaline. Petalite is an important ore of lithium, and is converted to spodumene and quartz by heating to ~500 °C and under 3 kbar of pressure in the presence of a dense hydrous alkali borosilicate fluid with a minor carbonate component. Petalite (and secondary spodumene formed from it) is lower in iron than primary spodumene, making it a more useful source of lithium in, e.g., the production of glass. The colorless varieties are often used as gemstones.

Discovery and occurrence

Petalite from Paprok, Nuristan Province, Afghanistan (size: 7.3 × 2.9 × 2.4 cm)

Petalite was discovered in 1800, by Brazilian naturalist and statesman Jose Bonifacio de Andrada e Silva. Type locality: Utö Island, Haninge, Stockholm, Sweden. The name is derived from the Greek word petalon, which means leaf, alluding to its perfect cleavage.

Economic deposits of petalite are found near Kalgoorlie, Western Australia; Aracuai, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Karibib, Namibia; Manitoba, Canada; and Bikita, Zimbabwe.

The first important economic application for petalite was as a raw material for the glass-ceramic cooking ware CorningWare. It has been used as a raw material for ceramic glazes.

References

  1. Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
  2. "Petalite". Digital Fire. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
  3. Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C. (2005). "Petalite" (PDF). Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineral Data Publishing. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
  4. Webmineral
  5. ^ "Petalite". Mindat.org.
  6. *Hurlbut, Cornelius S. and Klein, Cornelis, 1985, Manual of Mineralogy, Wiley, 20th ed., pp. 459–460 ISBN 0-471-80580-7
  7. Nickel, Ernest H.; Nichols, Monte C. "IMA/CNMNC List of Mineral Names" (PDF). Internet Archive. Materials Data, Inc. Retrieved 12 December 2024.
  8. Deer, W. A. (2004). Framework silicates: silica minerals, feldspathoids and the zeolites (2. ed.). London: Geological Soc. p. 296. ISBN 978-1-86239-144-4.
  9. D'Andraba (1800). "Des caractères et des propriétés de plusieurs nouveaux minérauxde Suède et de Norwège , avec quelques observations chimiques faites sur ces substances". Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d'Histoire Naturelle, et des Arts. 51: 239.
  10. Sowerby, James (1811). Exotic mineralogy: Or, Coloured figures of foreign minerals: As a supplement to British mineralogy.

External links

Lithium compounds (list)
Inorganic (list)
Organic (soaps)
Minerals
Hypothetical
Other Li-related
Categories: