Messier 63: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively ← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisual WikitextInline

Revision as of 23:58, 28 July 2017 edit2.25.45.251 (talk) removed nonsenseTag: references removed← Previous edit		Latest revision as of 16:31, 3 December 2024 edit undoPhantomdj (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users2,426 editsm copyedit
(68 intermediate revisions by 44 users not shown)
Line 1:		Line 1:
			{{Short description\|Spiral galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici}}
	{{Infobox Galaxy		{{Infobox Galaxy
	\| name = Messier 63		\| name = Messier 63
	\| image = ]		\| image = M63 (NGC 5055).jpg
			\| caption = Image taken by ], on 16 November 2001 at 450 and 814 nm<ref name=NASA/>
	\| caption = M63 from ] sky survey
	\| credit = ] ~~/ ]~~		\| credit =
	\| epoch = ]		\| epoch = ]
			\| constellation name = ]
	\| ra = {{RA\|13\|15\|49.3}}<ref name="ned">{{cite web
			\| ra = {{RA\|13\|15\|49.27385}}<ref name=GaiaDR2/>
			\| dec = {{DEC\|+42\|01\|45.7261}}<ref name=GaiaDR2/>
			\| z = 484 km/]<ref name="ned" />
			\| dist_ly = {{Convert\|8.99\|Mpc\|Mly\|order=flip\|lk=on\|abbr=on}}<ref name=Tully2016/>
			\| appmag_v = 9.3<ref name="ned" />
			\| type = SAbc<ref name=Ann2015/>
			\| size_v = 12.6{{prime}} × 7.2{{prime}}<ref name="ned" />
			\| group_cluster = ]
			\| names = ]63, ] 5055, ] 46153, ] 8334<ref name="ned" />
			}}
			]

			'''Messier 63''' or '''M63''', also known as '''NGC 5055''' or the seldom-used '''Sunflower Galaxy''',<ref name=Garfinkle1997/> is a ] in the northern ] of ] with approximately 400 billion stars.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Messier 63 - M63 - The Sunflower Galaxy (Spiral Galaxy) {{!}} freestarcharts.com\|url=https://freestarcharts.com/messier-63\|access-date=2020-06-23\|website=freestarcharts.com}}</ref> M63 was first discovered by the French astronomer ], then later verified by his colleague ] on 14 June 1779.<ref name=Garfinkle1997/> The galaxy became listed as object 63 in the ]. In the mid-19th century, Anglo-Irish astronomer ] identified spiral structures within the galaxy, making this one of the first galaxies in which such structure was identified.<ref name=jonesbook1991/>

			The shape or morphology of this galaxy has a ] of SAbc,<ref name=Ann2015/> indicating a spiral form with no central ] (SA) and moderate to loosely wound ] (bc). There is a general lack of large-scale continuous spiral structure in visible light, so it is considered a '']''. However, when observed in the ], a symmetric, two-arm structure is seen. Each arm wraps 150° around the galaxy and extends out to {{convert\|4000\|pc\|lk=on\|order=flip\|abbr=off}} from the nucleus.<ref name=Thornley1996/>

			M63 is a weakly ] with a ] nucleus – short for 'low-ionization nuclear emission-line region'. This displays as an unresolved source at the galactic nucleus that is cloaked in a diffuse ]. The latter is extended along a ] of 110° relative to the ], and both ]s and hydrogen (]) emission can be observed coming from along nearly the same direction.<ref name=Masegosa2011/> The existence of a ] (SMBH) at the nucleus is uncertain; if it does exist, then the mass is estimated as {{Val\|8.5e8\|1.9\|ul=solar mass}},<ref name=Graham2008/> or around 850 million times the mass of the Sun.

			Radio observations at the ] hydrogen line show the gaseous disk of M63 extends outward to a radius of {{Convert\|40\|kpc\|ly\|abbr=off\|order=flip}}, well past the bright optical disk. This gas shows a symmetrical form that is warped in a pronounced manner, starting at a radius of {{Convert\|10\|kpc\|ly\|order=flip\|abbr=off}}. The form suggests a ] halo that is offset with respect to the inner region. The reason for the warp is unclear, but the position angle points toward the smaller companion galaxy, UGC 8313.<ref name=Battaglia2006/>

			The distance to M63, based upon the luminosity-distance measurement is {{Convert\|8.99\|Mpc\|ly\|order=flip\|abbr=off}}.<ref name=Tully2016/> The ] relative to the ] yields an estimate of {{Convert\|4.65\|Mpc\|ly\|order=flip\|abbr=off}}.<ref name=Ann2015/> Estimates based on the ] range over {{Convert\|5.0\|–\|10.3\|Mpc\|ly\|abbr=off\|order=flip}}. The ] technique gives a distance of {{Convert\|8.87\|±\|0.29\|Mpc\|ly\|order=flip\|abbr=off}}.<ref name=McQuinn2017/> M63 is part of the ], a group of galaxies that also includes ] (the 'Whirlpool Galaxy').<ref name=Tikhonov2009/>

			One ] has been observed in M63: {{nowrap\|SN 1971I}} (], mag. 11.8) was discovered by Glenn Jolly on 24 May 1971, and was discovered independently by Roger Clark on 29 May 1971.<ref name=Deming1973 /><ref>{{cite web \| website=Transient Name Server \| title=SN{{nbsp}}1971I \| url=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/1971I \| publisher = ] \| access-date=2 December 2024}}</ref> It reached peak light around 26 May.<ref name=Barbon1973/> While the spectrum was consistent with a supernova of type I, the spectroscopic behavior appeared anomalous.<ref name=Deming1973/>

			==Gallery==
			<gallery widths="220px" heights="220px">
			File:Messier 63 GALEX WikiSky.jpg\|M63 imaged in ] light by the ] satellite. The UV light is produced primarily by young, massive stars, so the UV-bright areas are regions where stars are currently forming.<ref name="Bai"/> Credit ] / ]

			File:M63 3.6 8.0 24 microns spitzer.png\|Messier 63 seen in the ] by the ]. The infrared radiation traces the dust within the spiral arms, which does not radiate visible light. A small dust ring can be seen just outside of the galaxy's center.<ref name="spitzer">{{cite web \|last1=spitzer \|title=Spitzer's Sunflower \|url=https://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/image/sig11-002-spitzers-sunflower \|website=Spitzer Space Telescope \|publisher=JPL-Caltech \|access-date=21 October 2021}}</ref>
			</gallery>

			==See also==
			* ]

			==References==
			{{reflist\|refs=

			<ref name=GaiaDR2>{{cite DR2}}</ref>

			<ref name=Barbon1973>{{citation
			\| title=Observations of five supernovae 1970-71
			\| last1=Barbon \| first1=R. \| last2=Ciatti \| first2=F.
			\| last3=Rosino \| first3=L. \| display-authors=1
			\| journal=Memorie della Società Astronomia Italiana
			\| volume=44 \| page=65 \| year=1973
			\| bibcode=1973MmSAI..44...65B \| postscript=. }}</ref>

			<ref name=Deming1973>{{citation
			\| title=The Light Curve of Supernova 1971 I
			\| last1=Deming \| first1=Drake \| last2=Rust \| first2=Bert W.
			\| last3=Olson \| first3=Edward C. \| display-authors=1
			\| journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
			\| volume=85 \| issue=505 \| page=321 \| date=June 1973
			\| doi=10.1086/129462 \| bibcode=1973PASP...85..321D \| doi-access=free }}</ref>

			<ref name=Tikhonov2009>{{citation
			\| title=Stellar content of the interacting galaxies of the M51 system
			\| last1=Tikhonov \| first1=N. A. \| last2=Galazutdinova \| first2=O. A.
			\| last3=Tikhonov \| first3=E. N. \| display-authors=1
			\| journal=Astronomy Letters \| postscript=.
			\| volume=35 \| issue=9 \| pages=599–608 \| date=September 2009
			\| doi=10.1134/S1063773709090035 \| bibcode=2009AstL...35..599T \| s2cid=123044805 }}</ref>

			<ref name=Battaglia2006>{{citation
			\| title=ion{H}{i} study of the warped spiral galaxy NGC 5055: a disk/dark matter halo offset?
			\| last1=Battaglia \| first1=G. \| last2=Fraternali \| first2=F.
			\| last3=Oosterloo \| first3=T. \| last4=Sancisi \| first4=R.
			\| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics \| display-authors=1
			\| volume=447 \| issue=1 \| pages=49–62 \| date=February 2006
			\| doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20053210 \| bibcode=2006A&A...447...49B
			\| arxiv=astro-ph/0509382 \| s2cid=119353199 \| postscript=. }}</ref>

			<ref name=McQuinn2017>{{citation
			\| title=Accurate Distances to Important Spiral Galaxies: M63, M74, NGC 1291, NGC 4559, NGC 4625, and NGC 5398
			\| display-authors=1 \| last1=McQuinn \| first1=Kristen. B. W.
			\| last2=Skillman \| first2=Evan D. \| last3=Dolphin \| first3=Andrew E.
			\| last4=Berg \| first4=Danielle \| last5=Kennicutt \| first5=Robert
			\| journal=The Astronomical Journal
			\| volume=154 \| issue=2 \| id=51 \| pages=13 \| date=August 2017
			\| doi=10.3847/1538-3881/aa7aad \| bibcode=2017AJ....154...51M
			\| arxiv=1706.06586 \| s2cid=119449804 \| postscript=. \| doi-access=free }}</ref>

			<ref name="Bai">{{cite journal \|last1=Bai \|first1=Yu \|last2=Zou \|first2=Hu \|last3=Liu \|first3=JiFeng \|last4=Wang \|first4=Song \|title=An Updated Ultraviolet Catalog of Galex Nearby Galaxies \|journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series \|date=September 2015 \|volume=220 \|issue=1 \|page=6 \|doi=10.1088/0067-0049/220/1/6 \|url=ttpsh://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/220/1/6 \|access-date=21 October 2021\|arxiv=1508.07071 \|bibcode=2015ApJS..220....6B \|s2cid=118402184 }}</ref>

			<ref name=Garfinkle1997>{{citation
			\| title=Star-Hopping: Your Visa to Viewing the Universe
			\| first1=Robert A. \| last1=Garfinkle \| postscript=.
			\| publisher=Cambridge University Press
			\| year=1997 \| isbn=978-0521598897 \| page=258
			\| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=40JzBYGREL0C&pg=PA258 }}</ref>

			<ref name=Ann2015>{{citation
			\| title=A Catalog of Visually Classified Galaxies in the Local (z ~ 0.01) Universe
			\| last1=Ann \| first1=H. B. \| last2=Seo \| first2=Mira
			\| last3=Ha \| first3=D. K. \| display-authors=1
			\| journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
			\| volume=217 \| issue=2 \| pages=27–49 \| date=2015
			\| bibcode=2015ApJS..217...27A \| arxiv=1502.03545
			\| doi=10.1088/0067-0049/217/2/27 \| s2cid=119253507 \| postscript=. }}</ref>

			<ref name="ned">{{cite web
	\| title=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database		\| title=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database
	\| work=Results for NGC 5055		\| work=Results for NGC 5055
	\| url=http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=messier+63&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES		\| url=http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=messier+63&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES
	\| ~~accessdate~~=2006-10-10}}</ref>		\| access-date=2006-10-10}}</ref>
	\| dec = {{DEC\|+42\|01\|45}}<ref name="ned" />
	\| type = SA(rs)bc<ref name="ned" />
	\| dist_ly = 27 ]<ref>NASA (2015). . Retrieved Mar. 2, 2017</ref>
	\| z = 484 km/]<ref name="ned" />
	\| appmag_v = 9.3<ref name="ned" />
	\| size_v = 12′.6 × 7′.2<ref name="ned" />
	\| constellation name = ]
	\| names = ]63, NGC 5055, ] 8334, ] 46153<ref name="ned" />
	}}

			<ref name=NASA>{{citation
	'''Messier 63''' (also known as '''M63''', '''NGC 5055''', or the '''Sunflower Galaxy''') is a ] in the ] ] consisting of a central disc surrounded by many short spiral arm segments. M63 is part of the ], a group of galaxies that also includes ] (the 'Whirlpool Galaxy'). M63 is an ] with a ] nucleus.<ref>{{cite simbad\|title=M 63\|accessdate=16 November 2015}}</ref> The existence of a ] (SMBH) at the nucleus is uncertain; if it does exist, then the mass is estimated as {{Val\|8.5e8\|1.9\|ul=solar mass}}.<ref name=Graham2008>{{citation
			\| title=Hubble Sees a Galactic Sunflower
			\| publisher=NASA \| date=11 September 2015
			\| editor1-first=Ashley \| editor1-last=Morrow
			\| url=https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/hubbles-galactic-sunflower
			\| access-date=2018-11-30 \| postscript=. }}</ref>

			<ref name=Graham2008>{{citation
	\| title=Populating the Galaxy Velocity Dispersion - Supermassive Black Hole Mass Diagram: A Catalogue of (Mbh, σ) Values		\| title=Populating the Galaxy Velocity Dispersion - Supermassive Black Hole Mass Diagram: A Catalogue of (Mbh, σ) Values
	\| last1=Graham \| first1=Alister W. \| postscript=.		\| last1=Graham \| first1=Alister W. \| postscript=.
	\| journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia		\| journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia
	\| volume=25 \| issue=4 \| pages=~~167-175~~ \| date=November 2008		\| volume=25 \| issue=4 \| pages=167–175 \| date=November 2008
	\| doi=10.1071/AS08013 \| bibcode=2008PASA...25..167G }}</ref>		\| doi=10.1071/AS08013 \| bibcode=2008PASA...25..167G \|arxiv = 0807.2549 \| s2cid=89905 }}</ref>

			<ref name=jonesbook1991>{{citation \| postscript=.
	==History==
			\| first1=K. G. \| last1=Jones \| date=1991
			\| title=Messier's Nebulae and Star Clusters
			\| edition= 2nd \| publisher=]
			\| location=Cambridge \| isbn=978-0-521-37079-0 }}</ref>

			<ref name=Thornley1996>{{citation
	M63 was discovered by ] on June 14, 1779.<ref name="jonesbook1991">{{cite book
			\| title=Uncovering Spiral Structure in Flocculent Galaxies
	\| author=K. G. Jones
			\| last1=Thornley \| first1=Michele D.
	\| date=1991
			\| journal=Astrophysical Journal Letters
	\| title=Messier's Nebulae and Star Clusters
			\| volume=469 \| page=L45 \| date=September 1996
	\| edition= 2nd
			\| doi=10.1086/310250 \| bibcode=1996ApJ...469L..45T
	\| publisher=Cambridge University Press
			\| arxiv=astro-ph/9607041 \| s2cid=9003459 \| postscript=. }}</ref>
	\| location=Cambridge
	\| isbn=0-521-37079-5 }}</ref> The galaxy was then listed by ] as object 63 in the ].

			<ref name=Tully2016>{{citation
	In the mid-19th century, ] identified spiral structures within the galaxy, making this one of the first galaxies in which such structure was identified.<ref name="jonesbook1991"/>
			\| last1=Tully \| first1=R. Brent \| last2=Courtois \| first2=Hélène M.
			\| last3=Sorce \| first3=Jenny G. \| display-authors=1
			\| title=Cosmicflows-3 \| journal=The Astronomical Journal
			\| volume=152 \| issue=2 \| id=50 \| pages=21 \| date=August 2016
			\| doi=10.3847/0004-6256/152/2/50 \| bibcode=2016AJ....152...50T
			\| arxiv=1605.01765 \| s2cid=250737862 \| postscript=. \| doi-access=free }}</ref>

			<ref name=Masegosa2011>{{citation
	In 1971, a supernova with a magnitude of 11.8 appeared in one of the arms of M63.
			\| title=The nature of nuclear Hα emission in LINERs
			\| last1=Masegosa \| first1=J. \| last2=Márquez \| first2=I.
			\| last3=Ramirez \| first3=A. \| last4=González-Martín \| first4=O.
			\| journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics \| display-authors=1
			\| volume=527 \| id=A23 \| pages=28 \| date=March 2011
			\| doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201015047 \| bibcode=2011A&A...527A..23M
			\| arxiv=1011.0865 \| s2cid=116978210 \| postscript=. }}</ref>

			}}
	] (450 and 814 nm).]]

	].]]

	==References==

	{{reflist}}

	==External links==		==External links==
Line 57:		Line 167:

	{{Sky\|13\|15\|49.3\|+\|42\|01\|45\|37000000}}		{{Sky\|13\|15\|49.3\|+\|42\|01\|45\|37000000}}
			{{Portal bar\|Astronomy\|Stars\|Outer space}}

	{{Messier objects}}		{{Messier objects}}
	{{Ngc55}}		{{Ngc55}}{{Stars of Canes Venatici}}
			{{DEFAULTSORT:Messier 63}}

	]		]
	]		]
	]		]
	]		]
	]		]
	]		]
	]		]
	]		]
	]		]
			]

Latest revision as of 16:31, 3 December 2024

Spiral galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici

Messier 63
Image taken by Hubble Space Telescope, on 16 November 2001 at 450 and 814 nm
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation	Canes Venatici
Right ascension	13 15 49.27385
Declination	+42° 01′ 45.7261″
Redshift	484 km/s
Distance	29.3 Mly (8.99 Mpc)
Group or cluster	M51 Group
Apparent magnitude (V)	9.3
Characteristics
Type	SAbc
Apparent size (V)	12.6′ × 7.2′
Other designations
M63, NGC 5055, PGC 46153, UGC 8334

Messier 63 or M63, also known as NGC 5055 or the seldom-used Sunflower Galaxy, is a spiral galaxy in the northern constellation of Canes Venatici with approximately 400 billion stars. M63 was first discovered by the French astronomer Pierre Méchain, then later verified by his colleague Charles Messier on 14 June 1779. The galaxy became listed as object 63 in the Messier Catalogue. In the mid-19th century, Anglo-Irish astronomer Lord Rosse identified spiral structures within the galaxy, making this one of the first galaxies in which such structure was identified.

The shape or morphology of this galaxy has a classification of SAbc, indicating a spiral form with no central bar feature (SA) and moderate to loosely wound arms (bc). There is a general lack of large-scale continuous spiral structure in visible light, so it is considered a flocculent galaxy. However, when observed in the near infrared, a symmetric, two-arm structure is seen. Each arm wraps 150° around the galaxy and extends out to 13,000 light-years (4,000 parsecs) from the nucleus.

M63 is a weakly active galaxy with a LINER nucleus – short for 'low-ionization nuclear emission-line region'. This displays as an unresolved source at the galactic nucleus that is cloaked in a diffuse emission. The latter is extended along a position angle of 110° relative to the north celestial pole, and both soft X-rays and hydrogen (H-alpha) emission can be observed coming from along nearly the same direction. The existence of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) at the nucleus is uncertain; if it does exist, then the mass is estimated as (8.5±1.9)×10 M_☉, or around 850 million times the mass of the Sun.

Radio observations at the 21-cm hydrogen line show the gaseous disk of M63 extends outward to a radius of 130,000 light-years (40 kiloparsecs), well past the bright optical disk. This gas shows a symmetrical form that is warped in a pronounced manner, starting at a radius of 33,000 light-years (10 kiloparsecs). The form suggests a dark matter halo that is offset with respect to the inner region. The reason for the warp is unclear, but the position angle points toward the smaller companion galaxy, UGC 8313.

The distance to M63, based upon the luminosity-distance measurement is 29,300,000 light-years (8.99 megaparsecs). The radial velocity relative to the Local Group yields an estimate of 15,200,000 light-years (4.65 megaparsecs). Estimates based on the Tully–Fisher relation range over 16,000,000–34,000,000 light-years (5.0–10.3 megaparsecs). The tip of the red-giant branch technique gives a distance of 28,930,000 ± 950,000 light-years (8.87 ± 0.29 megaparsecs). M63 is part of the M51 Group, a group of galaxies that also includes M51 (the 'Whirlpool Galaxy').

One supernova has been observed in M63: SN 1971I (type Ia, mag. 11.8) was discovered by Glenn Jolly on 24 May 1971, and was discovered independently by Roger Clark on 29 May 1971. It reached peak light around 26 May. While the spectrum was consistent with a supernova of type I, the spectroscopic behavior appeared anomalous.

Gallery

M63 imaged in UV light by the GALEX satellite. The UV light is produced primarily by young, massive stars, so the UV-bright areas are regions where stars are currently forming. Credit NASA / WikiSky
Messier 63 seen in the infrared by the Spitzer Space Telescope. The infrared radiation traces the dust within the spiral arms, which does not radiate visible light. A small dust ring can be seen just outside of the galaxy's center.

References

Morrow, Ashley, ed. (11 September 2015), Hubble Sees a Galactic Sunflower, NASA, retrieved 2018-11-30.
^ Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051.
^ "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 5055. Retrieved 2006-10-10.
^ Tully, R. Brent; et al. (August 2016), "Cosmicflows-3", The Astronomical Journal, 152 (2): 21, arXiv:1605.01765, Bibcode:2016AJ....152...50T, doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/2/50, S2CID 250737862, 50.
^ Ann, H. B.; et al. (2015), "A Catalog of Visually Classified Galaxies in the Local (z ~ 0.01) Universe", The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 217 (2): 27–49, arXiv:1502.03545, Bibcode:2015ApJS..217...27A, doi:10.1088/0067-0049/217/2/27, S2CID 119253507.
^ Garfinkle, Robert A. (1997), Star-Hopping: Your Visa to Viewing the Universe, Cambridge University Press, p. 258, ISBN 978-0521598897.
"Messier 63 - M63 - The Sunflower Galaxy (Spiral Galaxy) | freestarcharts.com". freestarcharts.com. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
Jones, K. G. (1991), Messier's Nebulae and Star Clusters (2nd ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-37079-0.
Thornley, Michele D. (September 1996), "Uncovering Spiral Structure in Flocculent Galaxies", Astrophysical Journal Letters, 469: L45, arXiv:astro-ph/9607041, Bibcode:1996ApJ...469L..45T, doi:10.1086/310250, S2CID 9003459.
Masegosa, J.; et al. (March 2011), "The nature of nuclear Hα emission in LINERs", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 527: 28, arXiv:1011.0865, Bibcode:2011A&A...527A..23M, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015047, S2CID 116978210, A23.
Graham, Alister W. (November 2008), "Populating the Galaxy Velocity Dispersion - Supermassive Black Hole Mass Diagram: A Catalogue of (Mbh, σ) Values", Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, 25 (4): 167–175, arXiv:0807.2549, Bibcode:2008PASA...25..167G, doi:10.1071/AS08013, S2CID 89905.
Battaglia, G.; et al. (February 2006), "ion{H}{i} study of the warped spiral galaxy NGC 5055: a disk/dark matter halo offset?", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 447 (1): 49–62, arXiv:astro-ph/0509382, Bibcode:2006A&A...447...49B, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20053210, S2CID 119353199.
McQuinn, Kristen. B. W.; et al. (August 2017), "Accurate Distances to Important Spiral Galaxies: M63, M74, NGC 1291, NGC 4559, NGC 4625, and NGC 5398", The Astronomical Journal, 154 (2): 13, arXiv:1706.06586, Bibcode:2017AJ....154...51M, doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa7aad, S2CID 119449804, 51.
Tikhonov, N. A.; et al. (September 2009), "Stellar content of the interacting galaxies of the M51 system", Astronomy Letters, 35 (9): 599–608, Bibcode:2009AstL...35..599T, doi:10.1134/S1063773709090035, S2CID 123044805.
^ Deming, Drake; et al. (June 1973), "The Light Curve of Supernova 1971 I", Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 85 (505): 321, Bibcode:1973PASP...85..321D, doi:10.1086/129462
"SN 1971I". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 2 December 2024.
Barbon, R.; et al. (1973), "Observations of five supernovae 1970-71", Memorie della Società Astronomia Italiana, 44: 65, Bibcode:1973MmSAI..44...65B.
Bai, Yu; Zou, Hu; Liu, JiFeng; Wang, Song (September 2015). . The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 220 (1): 6. arXiv:1508.07071. Bibcode:2015ApJS..220....6B. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/220/1/6. S2CID 118402184. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
spitzer. "Spitzer's Sunflower". Spitzer Space Telescope. JPL-Caltech. Retrieved 21 October 2021.

External links

The Sunflower Galaxy on WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Articles and images
Sunflower Galaxy @ SEDS Messier pages
Sunflower Galaxy (M63) at Constellation Guide

Portals:

v t e Messier objects
List	M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13 M14 M15 M16 M17 M18 M19 M20 M21 M22 M23 M24 M25 M26 M27 M28 M29 M30 M31 M32 M33 M34 M35 M36 M37 M38 M39 M40 M41 M42 M43 M44 M45 M46 M47 M48 M49 M50 M51 M52 M53 M54 M55 M56 M57 M58 M59 M60 M61 M62 M63 M64 M65 M66 M67 M68 M69 M70 M71 M72 M73 M74 M75 M76 M77 M78 M79 M80 M81 M82 M83 M84 M85 M86 M87 M88 M89 M90 M91 M92 M93 M94 M95 M96 M97 M98 M99 M100 M101 M102 M103 Added M104 M105 M106 M107 M108 M109 M110
See also	Caldwell catalogue Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars Herschel 400 Catalogue Index Catalogue New General Catalogue Revised New General Catalogue
Category Commons Portal

v t e New General Catalogue 5000 to 5499
5000 5001 5002 5003 5004 5005 5006 5007 5008 5009 5010 5011 5012 5013 5014 5015 5016 5017 5018 5019 5020 5021 5022 5023 5024 5025 5026 5027 5028 5029 5030 5031 5032 5033 5034 5035 5036 5037 5038 5039 5040 5041 5042 5043 5044 5045 5046 5047 5048 5049 5050 5051 5052 5053 5054 5055 5056 5057 5058 5059 5060 5061 5062 5063 5064 5065 5066 5067 5068 5069 5070 5071 5072 5073 5074 5075 5076 5077 5078 5079 5080 5081 5082 5083 5084 5085 5086 5087 5088 5089 5090 5091 5092 5093 5094 5095 5096 5097 5098 5099 5100 5101 5102 5103 5104 5105 5106 5107 5108 5109 5110 5111 5112 5113 5114 5115 5116 5117 5118 5119 5120 5121 5122 5123 5124 5125 5126 5127 5128 5129 5130 5131 5132 5133 5134 5135 5136 5137 5138 5139 5140 5141 5142 5143 5144 5145 5146 5147 5148 5149 5150 5151 5152 5153 5154 5155 5156 5157 5158 5159 5160 5161 5162 5163 5164 5165 5166 5167 5168 5169 5170 5171 5172 5173 5174 5175 5176 5177 5178 5179 5180 5181 5182 5183 5184 5185 5186 5187 5188 5189 5190 5191 5192 5193 5194 5195 5196 5197 5198 5199 5200 5201 5202 5203 5204 5205 5206 5207 5208 5209 5210 5211 5212 5213 5214 5215 5216 5217 5218 5219 5220 5221 5222 5223 5224 5225 5226 5227 5228 5229 5230 5231 5232 5233 5234 5235 5236 5237 5238 5239 5240 5241 5242 5243 5244 5245 5246 5247 5248 5249 5250 5251 5252 5253 5254 5255 5256 5257 5258 5259 5260 5261 5262 5263 5264 5265 5266 5267 5268 5269 5270 5271 5272 5273 5274 5275 5276 5277 5278 5279 5280 5281 5282 5283 5284 5285 5286 5287 5288 5289 5290 5291 5292 5293 5294 5295 5296 5297 5298 5299 5300 5301 5302 5303 5304 5305 5306 5307 5308 5309 5310 5311 5312 5313 5314 5315 5316 5317 5318 5319 5320 5321 5322 5323 5324 5325 5326 5327 5328 5329 5330 5331 5332 5333 5334 5335 5336 5337 5338 5339 5340 5341 5342 5343 5344 5345 5346 5347 5348 5349 5350 5351 5352 5353 5354 5355 5356 5357 5358 5359 5360 5361 5362 5363 5364 5365 5366 5367 5368 5369 5370 5371 5372 5373 5374 5375 5376 5377 5378 5379 5380 5381 5382 5383 5384 5385 5386 5387 5388 5389 5390 5391 5392 5393 5394 5395 5396 5397 5398 5399 5400 5401 5402 5403 5404 5405 5406 5407 5408 5409 5410 5411 5412 5413 5414 5415 5416 5417 5418 5419 5420 5421 5422 5423 5424 5425 5426 5427 5428 5429 5430 5431 5432 5433 5434 5435 5436 5437 5438 5439 5440 5441 5442 5443 5444 5445 5446 5447 5448 5449 5450 5451 5452 5453 5454 5455 5456 5457 5458 5459 5460 5461 5462 5463 5464 5465 5466 5467 5468 5469 5470 5471 5472 5473 5474 5475 5476 5477 5478 5479 5480 5481 5482 5483 5484 5485 5486 5487 5488 5489 5490 5491 5492 5493 5494 5495 5496 5497 5498 5499
Astronomical catalog List of NGC objects 5001–6000

New General Catalogue 5000 to 5499

Constellation of Canes Venatici

Stars

Bayer	α α (Cor Caroli) β (Chara)
Flamsteed	4 5 6 10 19 20 21 24 25
Variable	R Y (La Superba) RS AM AW BH DG
HR	4997
Other	Gliese 521 HAT-P-12 HAT-P-36 (Tuiren) CWISE J1249+3621

Exoplanets	HAT-P-12b

Star clusters	Messier 3

Galaxies

Messier	51 a (Whirlpool Galaxy) b 63 94 106
NGC	4111 4138 4145 4151 4163 4183 4214 4217 4242 4244 4395 4399 4400 4401 4449 4485 4490 4534 4618 4625 4627 4631 4656 4657 4707 4800 4861 5002 5003 5005 5023 5033 5112 5223 5229 5238 5273 5371 5394
Numbered	I II
Other	3C 285 3C 286 3C 288 DDO 169 IC 883 IC 4182 IC 4263 IC 4271 I Zwicky 36 KKR 03 4C +41.26 TON 618

Galaxy clusters	Canes II Group M51 Group M94 Group NGC 4631 Group

Astronomical events	GRB 090429B SN 1994I SN 2005cs SN 2008ax

Latest revision as of 16:31, 3 December 2024

Gallery

See also

References

External links