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Messier 5
Globular cluster Messier 5 in Serpens
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Class	V
Constellation	Serpens
Right ascension	15 18 33.22
Declination	+02° 04′ 51.7″
Distance	24.5 kly (7.5 kpc)
Apparent magnitude (V)	5.6
Apparent dimensions (V)	23′.0
Physical characteristics
Mass	8.57×10 M☉
Radius	80 ly
Metallicity	${\displaystyle {\begin{smallmatrix}\left\end{smallmatrix}}}$ = –1.12 dex
Estimated age	10.62 Gyr
Other designations	NGC 5904, GCl 34
See also: Globular cluster, List of globular clusters

Messier 5 or M5 (also designated NGC 5904) is a globular cluster in the constellation Serpens. It was discovered by Gottfried Kirch in 1702.

Discovery and visibility

M5 is, under extremely good conditions, just visible to the naked eye as a faint "star" 0.37 of a degree (22' (arcmin)) north-west of star 5 Serpentis. Binoculars and/or small telescopes resolve the object as non-stellar; larger telescopes will show some individual stars, some of which are as bright as apparent magnitude 10.6. M5 was discovered by German astronomer Gottfried Kirch in 1702 when he was observing a comet. Charles Messier noted it in 1764 and—a studier of comets—cast it as one of his nebulae. William Herschel was the first to resolve individual stars in the cluster in 1791, counting roughly 200. Messier 5 is receding from the Solar System at a speed over 50 km/s.

Notable features

One hundred and five stars in M5 are known to be variable in brightness, 97 of them belonging to the RR Lyrae type. RR Lyrae stars, sometimes referred to as "Cluster Variables", are somewhat similar to Cepheid type variables and as such can be used as a tool to measure distances in outer space since the relation between their luminosities and periods are well known. The brightest and most easily observed variable in M5 varies from magnitude 10.6 to 12.1 in a period of just under 26.5 days.

The cluster contains two millisecond pulsars, one of which is in a binary, allowing the proper motion of the cluster to be measured. The binary could help our understanding of neutron degenerate matter; the current median mass, if confirmed, would exclude any "soft" equation of state for such matter. The cluster has been used to test for magnetic dipole moments in neutrinos, which could shed light on some hypothetical particles such as the axion.

A dwarf nova has also been observed in this cluster.

See also

• List of Messier objects

References

1. Shapley, Harlow; Sawyer, Helen B. (August 1927), "A Classification of Globular Clusters", Harvard College Observatory Bulletin, 849 (849): 11–14, Bibcode:1927BHarO.849...11S.
2. ^ Goldsbury, Ryan; et al. (December 2010), "The ACS Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. X. New Determinations of Centers for 65 Clusters", The Astronomical Journal, 140 (6): 1830–1837, arXiv:1008.2755, Bibcode:2010AJ....140.1830G, doi:10.1088/0004-6256/140/6/1830, S2CID 119183070.
3. Paust, Nathaniel E. Q.; et al. (February 2010), "The ACS Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. VIII. Effects of Environment on Globular Cluster Global Mass Functions", The Astronomical Journal, 139 (2): 476–491, Bibcode:2010AJ....139..476P, doi:10.1088/0004-6256/139/2/476, hdl:2152/34371, S2CID 120965440.
4. "Messier 5". SEDS Messier Catalog. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
5. Boyles, J.; et al. (November 2011), "Young Radio Pulsars in Galactic Globular Clusters", The Astrophysical Journal, 742 (1): 51, arXiv:1108.4402, Bibcode:2011ApJ...742...51B, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/742/1/51, S2CID 118649860.
6. ^ Forbes, Duncan A.; Bridges, Terry (May 2010), "Accreted versus in situ Milky Way globular clusters", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 404 (3): 1203–1214, arXiv:1001.4289, Bibcode:2010MNRAS.404.1203F, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16373.x, S2CID 51825384.
7. "M 5". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2006-11-15.
8. ^ Coutts Clement, Christine M.; Sawyer Hogg, Helen (August 1977). "The Bright Variable Stars in Messier 5". Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 71: 281. Bibcode:1977JRASC..71..281C. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
9. "William Herschel's Observations of the Messier Objects". www.messier.seds.org. Students for the Exploration and Development of Space. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
10. Harris, William E. (1996). "A Catalog of Parameters for Globular Clusters in the Milky Way". The Astronomical Journal. 112: 1487. Bibcode:1996AJ....112.1487H. doi:10.1086/118116.
11. Szeidl, B.; Hurta, Zs.; Jurcsik, J.; Clement, C.; Lovas, M. (2011). "Long-term photometric monitoring of Messier 5 variables – I. Period changes of RR Lyrae stars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 411 (3): 1744–1762. arXiv:1010.1115. Bibcode:2011MNRAS.411.1744S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17815.x. S2CID 118519067.
12. Freire, P. C. C.; Wolszczan, A.; van den Berg, M.; Hessels, J. W. T. (2008). "A Massive Neutron Star in the Globular Cluster M5". The Astrophysical Journal. 679 (2): 1433–1442. arXiv:0712.3826. Bibcode:2008ApJ...679.1433F. doi:10.1086/587832. S2CID 118743395.
13. Viaux, N.; Catelan, M.; Stetson, P. B.; Raffelt, G. G.; Redondo, J.; Valcarce, A. A. R.; Weiss, A. (2013). "Particle-physics constraints from the globular cluster M5: Neutrino dipole moments". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 558: A12. arXiv:1308.4627. Bibcode:2013A&A...558A..12V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322004. S2CID 59056210.
14. Neill, James D.; Shara, Michael M.; Caulet, Adeline; Buckley, David A.H. (June 2002). "The first orbital period for a dwarf nova in a globular cluster: V101 in M5". The Astronomical Journal. 123 (6): 3298–3304. arXiv:astro-ph/0203138. doi:10.1086/340469.

External links

• SIMBAD: M5
• M5, SEDS Messier pages
• M5, Galactic Globular Clusters Database page
• Historic observations of M5
• Image of M5 by Waid Observatory
• Messier 5 on WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Articles and images

• Astronomy
• Stars
• Outer space

v t e Messier objects
List	M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13 M14 M15 M16 M17 M18 M19 M20 M21 M22 M23 M24 M25 M26 M27 M28 M29 M30 M31 M32 M33 M34 M35 M36 M37 M38 M39 M40 M41 M42 M43 M44 M45 M46 M47 M48 M49 M50 M51 M52 M53 M54 M55 M56 M57 M58 M59 M60 M61 M62 M63 M64 M65 M66 M67 M68 M69 M70 M71 M72 M73 M74 M75 M76 M77 M78 M79 M80 M81 M82 M83 M84 M85 M86 M87 M88 M89 M90 M91 M92 M93 M94 M95 M96 M97 M98 M99 M100 M101 M102 M103 Added M104 M105 M106 M107 M108 M109 M110
See also	Caldwell catalogue Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars Herschel 400 Catalogue Index Catalogue New General Catalogue Revised New General Catalogue
Category Commons Portal

v t e Constellation of Serpens
List of stars in Serpens Serpens in Chinese astronomy
Stars	Bayer α (Unukalhai) β (Chow) γ (Ainalhai) δ ε ζ η θ (Alya) ι κ (Gudja) λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ σ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ υ φ χ ψ ω Flamsteed 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 (A) 14 16 25 (A) 29 36 (b) 39 40 43 45 46 47 59 (d) 60 (c) 61 64 3 Her Variable R W X RT UZ VV VY WX AA AN AO AP AR AU BQ CT CV CW EG FH FI FK FL FQ FR LV LW LX MR MS MT MV MY NN NO NQ NW OO OU PS QV QX QY V382 V411 HR 5665 5690 5692 5706 5711 5740 5745 5783 5796 5831 5850 5859 5861 5874 5909 5913 5931 5992 6005 6011 6014 6016 6449 6496 6544 6562 6568 6600 6620 6666 6681 6755 6756 6757 6785 6830 6840 6843 6858 6890 6898 6928 6993 (e) 6999 7008 7048 7076 7144 HD 135061 135615 136027 136118 138085 142245 143436 145936 146740 157969 168112 168443 168746 (Alasia) 175541 (Kaveh) Other ADS 9544 AS 296 9 11 22 23 27 Gliese 701 Gliese 710 GJ 1224 GX 17+2 IRAS 18418-0440 MWC 297 MWC 922 PG 1510+234 PG 1605+072 PSR B1534+11 PSR J1719−1438 Ross 508 Serpens FIRS 1 Serpens SVS 20 Serpens X-1 W40 IRS 1A South
Exoplanets CoRoT-9b CoRoT-11b CoRoT-22b CoRoT-23b CoRoT-27b HD 168746 b (Onasilos) HD 175541 b (Kavian) ω Serpentis b
Star clusters	NGC NGC 6535 NGC 6539 NGC 6604 NGC 6605 Other IC 4756 Messier 5 Messier 16 Serpens OB2 Serpens South Palomar 5
Nebulae	Other Abell 41 Eagle Nebula L134 L183 L483 Serpens cloud Sh2-54 Westerhout 40 Red Square Nebula S68
Galaxies	NGC 5887 5910 5911 5913 5919 5920 5921 5926 5928 5931 5936 5937 5940 5942 5941 5944 5951 5953 5954 5952 5956 5955 5957 5960 5962 5964 5970 5972 5975 5977 5980 5983 5984 5988 5991 5990 5994 5996 5997 6003 6004 6008 6006 6007 6009 6012 6010 6014 6020 6017 6018 6021 6022 6023 6027 6027a 6027b 6027c 6027d 6027e 6029 6033 6037 6036 6051 6063 6065 6066 6070 6080 6100 6118 6172 Other 317 318 321 323.1 324 326 Arp 72 Arp 220 4C 11.50 CGCG 049-033 Hoag's Object IC 4537 IC 4588 IRAS 15107+0724 NRAO 530 PDS 456 PG 1553+113 PGC 54493 PKS 1546+027
Galaxy clusters Abell 2040 Abell 2052 Abell 2063 Abell 2107 AWM 4 MKW 3s Seyfert's Sextet
Astronomical events GRB 970111 GRB 050813 GRB 060418 GRB 060526 SN 2004dk
Category

• Globular clusters
• Serpens
• NGC objects
• Messier objects
• Astronomical objects discovered in 1702