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{{Short description|Administrative body for Lithuania}}
] of the ]]]
{{Infobox country
⚫ The '''Provisional Government Commission of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania'''; also, the '''Lithuanian Provisional Governing Commission''' ({{lang-lt|Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės vyriausybės komisija}}; ]: ''Komisja Rządu Tymczasowego Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego'', also ''Komisja Rządząca Tymczasowa Litewska'') was a provisional administrative body for the ], which had been overtaken by ]'s ] during the 1812 ]
| conventional_long_name = Grand Duchy of Lithuania
| event_start = Declared
| year_start = 1812
| date_start = 1 July
| event1 = Joining the ]
| date_event1 = 14 July 1812
| event2 = ] conquest of Lithuanian territory
| date_event2 = December 1812
| event_end = Dissolution of the government-in-exile
| status = Short-lived unrecognized ] of the ], ] with the ] and the ]
| year_end = 1813
| date_end = 30 April
| image_flag = Banner of the Lithuanian Provisional Governing Commission.svg
| flag_type =
| image_coat = Coat of arms of the Lithuanian Provisional Governing Commission.svg
| symbol_type =
| other_symbol =
| title_leader = ]
| leader1 = ]
| year_leader1 = 1812–1813
| title_deputy = ]
| deputy1 = ]
| year_deputy1 = 1812 (first)
| deputy2 = ]
| year_deputy2 = 1812–1813 (last)
| government_type = Constitutional monarchy
| common_languages = {{plainlist|
Official:
* ]
* ]<br>Minorities:
* ]}}
]
| currency =
| today =
| demonym = Polish, Lithuanian
| area_km2 =
| area_rank =
| GDP_PPP =
| GDP_PPP_year =
| HDI =
| HDI_year =
| capital = ]
| p1 = Russian Empire
| flag_p1 = Flag of Russia.svg
| s1 = Russian Empire
| flag_s1 = Flag of Russia.svg
| image_map = File:ProvLithuania.png
| map_caption = The territories under the control of the Lithuanian Provisional Commission at its territorial peak in 1812.
}}
⚫ The '''Provisional Government Commission of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania'''; also, the '''Lithuanian Provisional Governing Commission''' (]: ''Lietuvos laikinosios vyriausybės komisija''; also ''Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės vyriausybės komisija'', ]: ''Komisja Rządu Tymczasowego Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego''; also ''Komisja Rządząca Tymczasowa Litewska''; ]: ''Gouvernement provisoire de Lituanie''; also ''Gouvernement général de la Lituanie'') was a provisional administrative body for ], which had been overtaken by ]'s ] during the 1812 ].<ref>{{cite web |title=Lietuvos laikinosios vyriausybės komisija |url=https://www.vle.lt/Straipsnis/Lietuvos-laikinosios-vyriausybes-komisija-15803 |website=] |access-date=25 October 2020}}</ref> On 14 July 1812 the Commission formally joined the ], creating the united Kingdom of Poland.


==History== ==History==
]]] ]]]
The commission was established on 1 July 1812 by order of French Emperor ].<ref name="GenzelisLRT">{{cite web |last1=Genzelis |first1=Bronislovas |title="Nepriklausomybės sąsiuviniai". Lietuviškumo idėja ir 1863 metų sukilimas |url=https://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/kultura/12/33396/nepriklausomybes-sasiuviniai-lietuviskumo-ideja-ir-1863-metu-sukilimas |website=] |access-date=7 May 2021 |language=lt |date=8 September 2015}}</ref> Its chief tasks included the creation of Lithuanian armed forces, and the provisioning of Napoleon's troops.<ref name="GenzelisLRT"/> The governotes (later changed to "]") of ], ], ] and ] were attached to the jurisdiction of the government of Lithuania.


Central, regional and local bodies of the civil administration of the 4 provinces were subordinated to him. Departments were divided into divisions headed by sub-prefects. In each of them, and later in the Vitebsk and Mogilev departments (not subordinate to the government, subordinate to the military governor Charpentier), an administrative commission of 3 members, appointed or approved by Napoleon, was organized under the chairmanship of the French quartermaster.
The Commission was established on 1 July 1812 by order of French Emperor ]. Its chief tasks included the creation of Lithuanian armed forces, and the provisioning of Napoleon's troops.
The structure of municipal (city) self-government was organized according to the example of Vilnius. At the same time, a system of military-administrative management of the region was created.
The bodies of the Napoleonic administration were mainly involved in the organization of armed formations, provision of troops, and collection of funds.<ref name="GenzelisLRT"/>


The Provisional Government of Lithuania, initially, had no connections to Poland.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Genzelis |first1=Bronius |title=The restitution of Lithuania's statehood |date=2007 |publisher=Lithuanian National Museum |isbn=978-9955-415-66-4 |language=EN}}</ref>
⚫ Supervision of the Commission was entrusted to the former French Resident in the ], Commissioner ]. Actual power, however, was exercised by Dutch General ], former governor of ], who was appointed governor of ].


⚫ Supervision of the commission was entrusted to the former French Resident in the ], Commissioner ]. Actual power, however, was exercised by Dutch General ], former governor of ], who was appointed governor of Vilnius.
⚫ Napoleon, contrary to the hopes reposed in him by the ], had not restored Polish statehood to the former Polish–Lithuanian lands. He had merely established, in the conquered territories, a provisional administration, thereby sidestepping final dispositions pending his further conquest of ].


⚫ Napoleon, contrary to the hopes reposed in him by the ], had not restored Polish statehood to the former Polish–Lithuanian lands. He had merely established, in the conquered territories, a provisional administration, thereby sidestepping final dispositions pending his further conquest of ].
], sent on 11 July 1812 to Vilnius with a deputation from the Council of the General Confederation, unsuccessfully attempted to get the Emperor to declare the restoration of the Kingdom of Poland, including the territories that had been annexed in the ].


Only on 14 July 1812 did the Commission formally subordinate itself to the Council of the ]. ], sent on 11 July 1812 to Vilnius with a deputation from the Council of the General Confederation, unsuccessfully attempted to get the Emperor to declare the restoration of the Kingdom of Poland, including the territories that had been annexed in the ]. Napoleon also refused to attach the military units consisting of Lithuanians to the Polish ones.


Only on 14 July 1812 the Commission formally joined the ], creating the united Kingdom of Poland.
⚫ After Russian troops invaded Lithuanian territory at the end of 1812, the Lithuanian government acted outside Lithuania.

⚫ After Russian troops invaded Lithuanian territory at the end of 1812, the Commission acted outside Lithuania.


== Presidents == == Presidents ==
Line 27: Line 82:


== Members == == Members ==
* ] * ]
* ]
* ] * ]
* ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* Józef Sierakowski
* ]


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==
* ], ''Litwa w roku 1812'' (Lithuania in 1812), Warsaw, 1912. * ], ''Litwa w roku 1812'' (Lithuania in 1812), Warsaw, 1912.
* ], ''Wojna 1812 roku'' (The 1812 War), ], 1937. * ], ''Wojna 1812 roku'' (The 1812 War), ], 1937.
* A. Rembowski, ''"Konfederacja Generalna i pospolite ruszenie w roku 1812"'' ("The ] and ] in 1812"), ''Biblioteka Warszawska'' (The Warsaw Library), vol. 1, 1896, fascicle 3, pp. 478-514; vol. 2, 1896, fascicle 1, pp. 67-86. * A. Rembowski, ''"Konfederacja Generalna i pospolite ruszenie w roku 1812"'' ("The ] and ] in 1812"), ''Biblioteka Warszawska'' (The Warsaw Library), vol. 1, 1896, fascicle 3, pp.&nbsp;478–514; vol. 2, 1896, fascicle 1, pp.&nbsp;67–86.
* ], '']'', Warsaw, 1983. * ], '']'', Warsaw, 1983.
*

{{Client states of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars}}
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 01:42, 22 December 2024

Administrative body for Lithuania
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1812–1813
Flag of Lithuanian Provisional Governing Commission Flag of Lithuanian Provisional Governing Commission Coat of arms
The territories under the control of the Lithuanian Provisional Commission at its territorial peak in 1812.The territories under the control of the Lithuanian Provisional Commission at its territorial peak in 1812.
StatusShort-lived unrecognized client state of the French Empire, personal union with the Duchy of Warsaw and the Kingdom of Saxony
CapitalVilnius
Common languagesOfficial: Lithuanian
Demonym(s)Polish, Lithuanian
GovernmentConstitutional monarchy
Grand Duke 
• 1812–1813 Frederick Augustus I
President 
• 1812 (first) Józef Sierakowski
• 1812–1813 (last) Stanisław Sołtan
History 
• Declared 1 July 1812
• Joining the General Confederation of the Kingdom of Poland 14 July 1812
• Russian conquest of Lithuanian territory December 1812
• Dissolution of the government-in-exile 30 April 1813
Preceded by Succeeded by
Russian Empire
Russian Empire

The Provisional Government Commission of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; also, the Lithuanian Provisional Governing Commission (Lithuanian: Lietuvos laikinosios vyriausybės komisija; also Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės vyriausybės komisija, Polish: Komisja Rządu Tymczasowego Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego; also Komisja Rządząca Tymczasowa Litewska; French: Gouvernement provisoire de Lituanie; also Gouvernement général de la Lituanie) was a provisional administrative body for Lithuania, which had been overtaken by Napoleon's Grand Army during the 1812 French invasion of Russia. On 14 July 1812 the Commission formally joined the General Confederation of the Kingdom of Poland, creating the united Kingdom of Poland.

History

Dirk van Hogendorp

The commission was established on 1 July 1812 by order of French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. Its chief tasks included the creation of Lithuanian armed forces, and the provisioning of Napoleon's troops. The governotes (later changed to "departments") of Vilnius, Grodno, Minsk and Białystok were attached to the jurisdiction of the government of Lithuania.

Central, regional and local bodies of the civil administration of the 4 provinces were subordinated to him. Departments were divided into divisions headed by sub-prefects. In each of them, and later in the Vitebsk and Mogilev departments (not subordinate to the government, subordinate to the military governor Charpentier), an administrative commission of 3 members, appointed or approved by Napoleon, was organized under the chairmanship of the French quartermaster. The structure of municipal (city) self-government was organized according to the example of Vilnius. At the same time, a system of military-administrative management of the region was created. The bodies of the Napoleonic administration were mainly involved in the organization of armed formations, provision of troops, and collection of funds.

The Provisional Government of Lithuania, initially, had no connections to Poland.

Supervision of the commission was entrusted to the former French Resident in the Duchy of Warsaw, Commissioner Louis Pierre Édouard Bignon. Actual power, however, was exercised by Dutch General Dirk van Hogendorp, former governor of Java, who was appointed governor of Vilnius.

Napoleon, contrary to the hopes reposed in him by the General Confederation of the Kingdom of Poland, had not restored Polish statehood to the former Polish–Lithuanian lands. He had merely established, in the conquered territories, a provisional administration, thereby sidestepping final dispositions pending his further conquest of Russia.

Józef Wybicki, sent on 11 July 1812 to Vilnius with a deputation from the Council of the General Confederation, unsuccessfully attempted to get the Emperor to declare the restoration of the Kingdom of Poland, including the territories that had been annexed in the Partitions of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Napoleon also refused to attach the military units consisting of Lithuanians to the Polish ones.

Only on 14 July 1812 the Commission formally joined the General Confederation of the Kingdom of Poland, creating the united Kingdom of Poland.

After Russian troops invaded Lithuanian territory at the end of 1812, the Commission acted outside Lithuania.

Presidents

Stanisław Sołtan

Secretary General: Józef Ignacy Kossakowski

Members

References

  1. "Lietuvos laikinosios vyriausybės komisija". vle.lt. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  2. ^ Genzelis, Bronislovas (8 September 2015). ""Nepriklausomybės sąsiuviniai". Lietuviškumo idėja ir 1863 metų sukilimas". Lrt.lt (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  3. Genzelis, Bronius (2007). The restitution of Lithuania's statehood. Lithuanian National Museum. ISBN 978-9955-415-66-4.

Sources

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