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{{Short description|American politician from Maryland (1752–1839)}}
'''Samuel Smith''' (], ] - ], ]) was a ] ] and ] from ], as well as a former mayor of ]. Smith served as a Major General of Maryland Militia during the ]. He commanded the defenses during the ] in ]. The American victory at Baltimore and Fort McHenry can largely be attributed to Smith preparation for the British invasion.
{{For|other people with the same name|Samuel Smith (disambiguation)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Samuel Smith
| image name = General Samuel Smith Rembrandt Peale.jpeg
| caption = Portrait of Smith by ], c. 1817
| order = 9th
| office = Mayor of Baltimore
| term_start = 1835
| term_end = 1838
| preceded = ]
| succeeded = ]
| office1 = ]
| term_start1 = May 15, 1828
| term_end1 = December 11, 1831
| preceded1 = ]
| succeeded1 = ]
| term_start2 = December 2, 1805
| term_end2 = November 6, 1808
| preceded2 = ]
| succeeded2 = ]
| office3 = ] <br> from ]
| term_start3 = December 17, 1822
| term_end3 = March 3, 1833
| preceded3 = ]
| succeeded3 = ]
| term_start4 = March 4, 1803
| term_end4 = March 4, 1815
| preceded4 = ]
| succeeded4 = ]
| state5 = ]
| district5 = ]
| term_start5 = January 31, 1816
| term_end5 = December 17, 1822
| preceded5 = ]
| succeeded5 = ]
| term_start6 = March 4, 1793
| term_end6 = March 3, 1803
| preceded6 = ]
| succeeded6 = ]
| office7 = Member of the ]
| term7 = 1790–1792
| party = ], ]
| birth_date = July 27, 1752
| birth_place = ], ], ]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1839|4|22|1752|7|27}}
| death_place = ], U.S.
| spouse = Margaret Smith
| profession = {{hlist|]|]}}
| signature = Samuel Smith (1752-1839) (signature).jpg
|allegiance = {{Flag|United States of America|1777}}
|branch = {{Flagicon image|Gadsden flag.svg}} ]<br>{{flagicon|Maryland}} ]
|rank = ]
|battles = ]<br>]<br>]
}}


'''Samuel Smith''' (July 27, 1752{{spaced ndash}}April 22, 1839) was an American ] and ] from ], a mayor of ], and a general in the Maryland militia. He was the older brother of cabinet secretary ].
{| border="1" align="center" style="text-align:center;"
|-
|width="30%"|Preceded by:<br>''']'''
|width="40%"|''']'''<br>1835&ndash;1838
|width="30%"|Succeeded by:<br>''']'''
|}


Smith served twice as ], first from 1805 to 1808 and later from 1828 to 1831.
{{bio-stub}}


==Early life and education==
]
] ]
] ]
Smith was born in ] in the ]. His grandfather, also named Samuel Smith (1698–1784), was born in ] and settled in the ].<ref></ref> Smith moved with his family to ], in 1759. He attended a private academy, and engaged in mercantile pursuits until the ], at which time he served as ], ], and ] in the ].

==Career==
===Military service===
Prior to the ], as a young captain, he was sent to ] to arrest ] and seize his papers.<ref>Andrews, Matthew Page (1929). ''History of Maryland,'' Doubleday, New York. p. 316</ref>

===American Revolutionary War===
On September 23, 1776, with the Revolutionary capital of ] on the ], ] sent Smith, then a Lieutenant Colonel of the ], with a ] detachment into the fort on Mud Island on the ].<ref>McGuire, 137</ref> Smith's force numbered 200 soldiers plus Major Robert Ballard of Virginia, Major ] of Rhode Island, and Captain Samuel Treat<ref>Sec. of Commonwealth, 37</ref> of the Continental Artillery.<ref name=McGuire184>McGuire, 184</ref> However, another account stated that Thayer did not reach Fort Mifflin until October 19.<ref name=Stone75>Thayer & Stone, 75</ref> With the British army closing in on Philadelphia, the small force had to reach Fort Mifflin by a circuitous route. On the last leg of their journey, reinforcements for Mud Island had to be ferried across the Delaware from ] under the protection of the ] river flotilla commanded by ]. The fort was eventually overwhelmed by weeks of British bombardment and was abandoned.<ref name=McGuire184/> After his service in the war, Smith engaged in the shipping business.

Colonel Smith was admitted as an original member of The ] of ] when it was established in 1783.<ref>Metcalf, Bryce (1938). ''Original Members and Other Officers Eligible to the ], 1783-1938: With the Institution, Rules of Admission, and Lists of the Officers of the General and State Societies'' Strasburg, VA: Shenandoah Publishing House, Inc., p. 291.</ref> He went on to serve as the vice president (1804–1828) and president of the Maryland Society (1828–1839), serving in the latter capacity until his death.<ref>Metcalf, p. 22.</ref>

===War of 1812===
Smith served as a ] of Maryland militia during the ], and commanded the defenses of ] during the ] in September 1814. The American victory there is partly attributed to Smith's preparation for the British invasion.

===Political career===
From 1790 to 1792, Smith was a member of the ]. At the time of the threatened war with ] in 1794, he was appointed ] of the Maryland ] and commanded Maryland's quota during the ].

Smith entered into national politics when he was elected to the ], serving from March 4, 1793, until March 4, 1803. As a ], Smith served as chairman of the U.S. House Committee on Commerce and Manufactures (Fifth through Seventh Congresses). As a principal negotiator between the young Federalist leader and Delaware representative, ], and the presumptive President-Elect Jefferson, Smith secured the winning ballot in the United States House of Representatives for Jefferson during the ].<ref>Ackerman, Bruce (2005). The Failure of the Founding Fathers: Jefferson, Marshall, and the Rise of Presidential Democracy. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p. 106 {{ISBN|0-674-01866-4}}. Borden, Morton (1954). The Federalism of James A. Bayard. pp. 90-93.</ref> Smith entered into the ] election in 1802, and was elected as a ] to the ]. He was re-elected in 1808 and served from March 4, 1803 until March 4, 1815. While senator, Smith served as ] during the Ninth and Tenth Congresses.

Smith was elected to the Fourteenth Congress on January 31, 1816 to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of ], and was re-elected to the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Congresses. In the House, Smith served as chairman of the U.S. House Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Treasury (Fourteenth Congress), and as a member of the ] (Fifteenth through Seventeenth Congresses).

On December 17, 1822, Smith resigned as congressman, having been elected as a Democratic-Republican (later Crawford Republican and Jacksonian) to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of ]. In March–April 1824, Samuel Smith was honored with a single vote at the ] Caucus to be the party's candidate for ] at the ].

In 1828, Smith served as vice president of the ], of which ], one of the co-signers of the ], was president.<ref> Retrieved February 16, 2010</ref> The MSCS was a branch of the ], an organization dedicated to returning black Americans to lead free lives in African states such as ].

Smith served as President Pro Tempore of the Senate again during the Twentieth and Twenty-first Congresses, and as chairman of the ] (Eighteenth and Twentieth through Twenty-second Congresses). He was re-elected in 1826 and served until March 4, 1833. Two years later, in 1835, Smith became ], and served in that position until 1838, when he retired from public life.

==Death==
Smith died at his home, ], outside ] in 1839.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-06-27 |title=Major General Samuel Smith (1752-1839) |url=https://maryland1812.com/2011/06/27/major-general-samuel-smith-1752-1839/ |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=Maryland in the War of 1812 |language=en}}</ref> He is interred in the ] in Baltimore.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{Find a Grave|7530239|Samuel Smith}}
{{CongBio|S000609|Samuel Smith}}
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{{s-start}}
{{s-par|us-hs}}
{{US House succession box
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| years= March 4, 1793 – March 4, 1803
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{{s-par|us-sen}}
{{U.S. Senator box
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{{U.S. Senator box
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| years= 1823 – 1832
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| title= ]
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| years= May 15, 1828 – December 11, 1831
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{{United States senators from Maryland}}
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{{USSenPresProTemp}}
{{US House Ways and Means chairs}}
{{US House Energy and Commerce chairs}}
{{BaltimoreMayors}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Smith, Samuel}}
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Latest revision as of 13:47, 16 December 2024

American politician from Maryland (1752–1839) For other people with the same name, see Samuel Smith (disambiguation).

Samuel Smith
Portrait of Smith by Rembrandt Peale, c. 1817
9th Mayor of Baltimore
In office
1835–1838
Preceded byJesse Hunt
Succeeded bySheppard C. Leakin
President pro tempore of the United States Senate
In office
May 15, 1828 – December 11, 1831
Preceded byNathaniel Macon
Succeeded byLittleton W. Tazewell
In office
December 2, 1805 – November 6, 1808
Preceded byJoseph Anderson
Succeeded byStephen R. Bradley
United States Senator
from Maryland
In office
December 17, 1822 – March 3, 1833
Preceded byWilliam Pinkney
Succeeded byJoseph Kent
In office
March 4, 1803 – March 4, 1815
Preceded byJohn E. Howard
Succeeded byRobert G. Harper
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Maryland's 5th district
In office
January 31, 1816 – December 17, 1822
Preceded byNicholas Ruxton Moore
Succeeded byIsaac McKim
In office
March 4, 1793 – March 3, 1803
Preceded byWilliam Vans Murray
Succeeded byNicholas Ruxton Moore
Member of the Maryland House of Delegates
In office
1790–1792
Personal details
BornJuly 27, 1752
Carlisle, Province of Pennsylvania, British America
DiedApril 22, 1839(1839-04-22) (aged 86)
Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic-Republican, Jacksonian
SpouseMargaret Smith
Profession
Signature
Military service
Allegiance United States of America
Branch/service Continental Army
Maryland Maryland Militia
RankMajor General
Battles/warsAmerican Revolutionary War
Whiskey Rebellion
War of 1812

Samuel Smith (July 27, 1752 – April 22, 1839) was an American Senator and Representative from Maryland, a mayor of Baltimore, Maryland, and a general in the Maryland militia. He was the older brother of cabinet secretary Robert Smith.

Smith served twice as President pro tempore of the United States Senate, first from 1805 to 1808 and later from 1828 to 1831.

Early life and education

General Samuel Smith
Senator Samuel Smith

Smith was born in Carlisle in the Province of Pennsylvania. His grandfather, also named Samuel Smith (1698–1784), was born in Ireland and settled in the Province of Maryland. Smith moved with his family to Baltimore, in 1759. He attended a private academy, and engaged in mercantile pursuits until the American Revolutionary War, at which time he served as captain, major, and lieutenant colonel in the Continental Army.

Career

Military service

Prior to the American Revolutionary War, as a young captain, he was sent to Annapolis to arrest Governor Eden and seize his papers.

American Revolutionary War

On September 23, 1776, with the Revolutionary capital of Philadelphia on the verge of capture by the British, Washington sent Smith, then a Lieutenant Colonel of the 4th Maryland Regiment, with a Continental Army detachment into the fort on Mud Island on the Delaware River. Smith's force numbered 200 soldiers plus Major Robert Ballard of Virginia, Major Simeon Thayer of Rhode Island, and Captain Samuel Treat of the Continental Artillery. However, another account stated that Thayer did not reach Fort Mifflin until October 19. With the British army closing in on Philadelphia, the small force had to reach Fort Mifflin by a circuitous route. On the last leg of their journey, reinforcements for Mud Island had to be ferried across the Delaware from Red Bank, New Jersey under the protection of the Pennsylvania Navy river flotilla commanded by John Hazelwood. The fort was eventually overwhelmed by weeks of British bombardment and was abandoned. After his service in the war, Smith engaged in the shipping business.

Colonel Smith was admitted as an original member of The Society of the Cincinnati of Maryland when it was established in 1783. He went on to serve as the vice president (1804–1828) and president of the Maryland Society (1828–1839), serving in the latter capacity until his death.

War of 1812

Smith served as a major general of Maryland militia during the War of 1812, and commanded the defenses of Baltimore during the Battle of Baltimore in September 1814. The American victory there is partly attributed to Smith's preparation for the British invasion.

Political career

From 1790 to 1792, Smith was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates. At the time of the threatened war with France in 1794, he was appointed brigadier general of the Maryland militia and commanded Maryland's quota during the Whiskey Rebellion.

Smith entered into national politics when he was elected to the Third United States Congress, serving from March 4, 1793, until March 4, 1803. As a Congressman, Smith served as chairman of the U.S. House Committee on Commerce and Manufactures (Fifth through Seventh Congresses). As a principal negotiator between the young Federalist leader and Delaware representative, James Asheton Bayard II, and the presumptive President-Elect Jefferson, Smith secured the winning ballot in the United States House of Representatives for Jefferson during the 1800 United States presidential election. Smith entered into the Senate election in 1802, and was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the United States Senate. He was re-elected in 1808 and served from March 4, 1803 until March 4, 1815. While senator, Smith served as President pro tempore of the Senate during the Ninth and Tenth Congresses.

Smith was elected to the Fourteenth Congress on January 31, 1816 to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Nicholas R. Moore, and was re-elected to the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Congresses. In the House, Smith served as chairman of the U.S. House Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Treasury (Fourteenth Congress), and as a member of the Committee on Ways and Means (Fifteenth through Seventeenth Congresses).

On December 17, 1822, Smith resigned as congressman, having been elected as a Democratic-Republican (later Crawford Republican and Jacksonian) to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of William Pinkney. In March–April 1824, Samuel Smith was honored with a single vote at the Democratic-Republican Party Caucus to be the party's candidate for U.S. Vice President at the election later that year.

In 1828, Smith served as vice president of the Maryland State Colonization Society, of which Charles Carroll of Carrollton, one of the co-signers of the Declaration of Independence, was president. The MSCS was a branch of the American Colonization Society, an organization dedicated to returning black Americans to lead free lives in African states such as Liberia.

Smith served as President Pro Tempore of the Senate again during the Twentieth and Twenty-first Congresses, and as chairman of the Committee on Finance (Eighteenth and Twentieth through Twenty-second Congresses). He was re-elected in 1826 and served until March 4, 1833. Two years later, in 1835, Smith became mayor of Baltimore, and served in that position until 1838, when he retired from public life.

Death

Smith died at his home, Montibello, outside Baltimore in 1839. He is interred in the Old Westminster Burying Ground in Baltimore.

References

  1. Geni
  2. Andrews, Matthew Page (1929). History of Maryland, Doubleday, New York. p. 316
  3. McGuire, 137
  4. Sec. of Commonwealth, 37
  5. ^ McGuire, 184
  6. Thayer & Stone, 75
  7. Metcalf, Bryce (1938). Original Members and Other Officers Eligible to the Society of the Cincinnati, 1783-1938: With the Institution, Rules of Admission, and Lists of the Officers of the General and State Societies Strasburg, VA: Shenandoah Publishing House, Inc., p. 291.
  8. Metcalf, p. 22.
  9. Ackerman, Bruce (2005). The Failure of the Founding Fathers: Jefferson, Marshall, and the Rise of Presidential Democracy. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p. 106 ISBN 0-674-01866-4. Borden, Morton (1954). The Federalism of James A. Bayard. pp. 90-93.
  10. The African Repository, Volume 3, 1827, p.251, edited by Ralph Randolph Gurley Retrieved February 16, 2010
  11. "Major General Samuel Smith (1752-1839)". Maryland in the War of 1812. June 27, 2011. Retrieved December 16, 2024.

External links

U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded byWilliam V. Murray Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Maryland's 5th congressional district
March 4, 1793 – March 4, 1803 		Succeeded byNicholas R. Moore
U.S. Senate
Preceded byJohn E. Howard U.S. senator (Class 1) from Maryland
March 4, 1803 – March 4, 1815
Served alongside: Robert Wright, Philip Reed and Robert H. Goldsborough 		Succeeded byRobert G. Harper
Preceded byJoseph Anderson President pro tempore of the United States Senate
December 2, 1805 – November 6, 1808 		Succeeded byStephen R. Bradley
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded byNicholas Ruxton Moore Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Maryland's 5th congressional district
January 31, 1816 – December 17, 1822
Served alongside: William Pinkney and Peter Little 		Succeeded byIsaac McKim
U.S. Senate
Preceded byWilliam Pinkney U.S. senator (Class 1) from Maryland
December 17, 1822 – March 4, 1833
Served alongside: Edward Lloyd and Ezekiel F. Chambers 		Succeeded byJoseph Kent
Preceded byWalter Lowrie Chairman of the U.S. Senate Finance Committee
1823 – 1832 		Succeeded byJohn Forsyth
Preceded byNathaniel Macon President pro tempore of the United States Senate
May 15, 1828 – December 11, 1831 		Succeeded byLittleton W. Tazewell
Political offices
Preceded byJesse Hunt Mayor of Baltimore, Maryland
1835 – 1838 		Succeeded bySheppard C. Leakin
Honorary titles
Preceded byPaine Wingate Oldest living U.S. senator
March 7, 1838 – April 22, 1839 		Succeeded byNathaniel Chipman
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