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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox galaxy {{Infobox galaxy
| name = {{PAGENAME}}
| name = ] 45
| image = NGC 45 GALEX WikiSky.jpg | image = NGC 45 GALEX WikiSky.jpg
| image_size =
| alt = NGC 45
| caption = NGC 45 by ] (]) | upright =
| caption = NGC 45 by ] (])
| alt =
| epoch = ]
| epoch = ]
| ra = {{RA|00|14|3.99}}
| pronounce =
| dec = {{DEC|-23|10|55.5}}
| constellation name = ] | constellation name = ]
| z = 0.001558<ref name=ned/> | ra = {{DEC|00|14|03.989}}<ref name=Skrutskie_et_al_2006/>
| h_radial_v = {{nowrap|467 ]}}<ref name=ned/> | dec = {{RA|–23|10|55.53}}<ref name=Skrutskie_et_al_2006/>
| dist_ly = 32.6 ± 10 M]<br/>{{nowrap|(10 ± 3.1 M])}}<ref name=ned-dist>{{cite web | z = 0.001558<ref name=ned/>
| h_radial_v = {{val|466|u=km/s}}<ref name=Tully_et_al_2016/>
|title=Distance Results for NGC 0045
| gal_v =
|work=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database
| dist_pc =
|url=http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/nDistance?name=NGC+0045
| dist_ly = {{cvt|6.64|Mpc|Mly|order=flip|lk=on}}<ref name=Karachentsev_et_al_2016/>
|access-date=2010-05-04}}</ref>
| group_cluster =
| type = SA(s)dm<ref name=ned>NASA NED, (Retrieved 20 April 2010)</ref>
| type = SA(s)dm<ref name=Pannuti_et_al_2015/>
| appmag_v = 10.4
| mass = <!-- In solar masses {{Val|0|e=0}} -->
| size_v = 7.41′ × 5.13'
| mass_light_ratio = {{val||5.2|1}}<ref name=Chemin_et_al_2006/>
| notes =
| size = <!-- In light years -->
| names = ] 4, ] 04-01-21, ] 930, ] 930
| stars =
| appmag_v = {{val|10.73|0.03}}<ref name=Cook_et_al_2014/>
| appmag_b = {{val|11.21|0.03}}<ref name=Cook_et_al_2014/>
| absmag_v =
| size_v = 7.41′ × 5.13'
| half_light_radius_pc = <!-- physical dimension, pc preferred -->
| half_light_radius_arcminsec = <!-- apparent dimension -->
| h1_scale_length_pc = <!-- physical dimension, pc preferred -->
| h1_scale_length_arcminsec = <!-- apparent dimension -->
| xray_radius_pc = <!-- physical dimension, pc preferred -->
| xray_radius_arcminsec = <!-- apparent dimension -->
| notes =
| names = {{odlist | UGCA=4 | MCG=04-01-21 | PGC=930 | LEDA=930 }}<ref name=SIMBAD/>
| references =
}} }}
'''NGC 45''' is a ] ]<ref>{{cite simbad|title=NGC 45}}</ref> in the constellation of ]. It was discovered on 11 November 1835 by the English astronomer ].


'''NGC 45''' is a ]<ref name=Chemin_et_al_2006/> ] in the ] ] of ]. It was discovered on 11 November 1835 by the English astronomer ]. The galaxy is located at a distance of 22<ref name=Karachentsev_et_al_2016/>&nbsp;million ]s and is receding with a heliocentric ] of {{val|466|u=km/s}}.<ref name=Tully_et_al_2016/> It is located in the vicinity of the ], but is most likely a background galaxy.<ref name=Chemin_et_al_2006/>
Unlike the Milky Way, NGC 45 has no clear defined spiral arms, and its ] is also very small and distorted. NGC 45 thus does not have a ].<ref></ref><ref name=gowanlock-2011>{{Cite journal | last1 = Gowanlock | first1 = M. G. | last2 = Patton | first2 = D. R. | last3 = McConnell | first3 = S. M. | doi = 10.1089/ast.2010.0555 | title = A Model of Habitability Within the Milky Way Galaxy | journal = Astrobiology | volume = 11 | issue = 9 | pages = 855–873 | year = 2011 | pmid = 22059554|arxiv = 1107.1286 |bibcode = 2011AsBio..11..855G | s2cid = 851972 }}</ref><ref name="SP-20150821">{{cite web |last=Choi |first=Charles Q. |title=Giant Galaxies May Be Better Cradles for Habitable Planets |url=http://www.space.com/30335-giant-galaxies-habitable-planets.html |date=21 August 2015 |work=] |access-date=24 August 2015 }}</ref> For the Milky Way, the galactic habitable zone is commonly believed to be an ] with an outer radius of about 10 ]s and an inner radius close to the ], both of which lack hard boundaries.<ref name=gowanlock-2011 />


The ] of NGC 45 is SA(s)dm,<ref name=Pannuti_et_al_2015/> indicating this is a spiral galaxy with no prominent inner ] (SA) or ring (s) feature. There is no ] to speak of.<ref name=Chemin_et_al_2006/> The ] is inclined at an angle of {{val|55|5|u=°}} to the line of sight from the Earth, with the major axis of the elliptical profile being aligned along a ] of {{val|145|5|u=°}}.<ref name=Chemin_et_al_2006/> ] is proceeding at a modest rate of {{val|0.20|ul=solar mass|p=~}}·yr<sup>−1</sup>.<ref name=Pannuti_et_al_2015/>
On May 22, 2018, a ] was detected within NGC 45 and was subsequently labeled AT 2018bwo. Luminous red novae like this are thought to be the result of stars merging. The progenitor of AT 2018bwo was a ] star.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202140525|title=The luminous red nova AT 2018bwo in NGC 45 and its binary yellow supergiant progenitor|year=2021|last1=Blagorodnova|first1=Nadejda|last2=Klencki|first2=Jakub|last3=Pejcha|first3=Ondřej|last4=Vreeswijk|first4=Paul M.|last5=Bond|first5=Howard E.|last6=Burdge|first6=Kevin B.|last7=De|first7=Kishalay|last8=Fremling|first8=Christoffer|last9=Gehrz|first9=Robert D.|last10=Jencson|first10=Jacob E.|last11=Kasliwal|first11=Mansi M.|last12=Kupfer|first12=Thomas|last13=Lau|first13=Ryan M.|last14=Masci|first14=Frank J.|last15=Rich|first15=Michael R.|journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics|volume=653|pages=A134|arxiv=2102.05662|bibcode=2021A&A...653A.134B|s2cid=231879751}}</ref>

Unlike the Milky Way, NGC 45 has no clearly defined ]s, and its ] is also very small and distorted. NGC 45 thus does not have a ].<ref name=Gowanlock_et_al_2011/><ref name=gowanlock-2011/><ref name="SP-20150821"/> For the Milky Way, the galactic habitable zone is commonly believed to be an ] with an outer radius of about 10 ]s and an inner radius close to the ], both of which lack hard boundaries.<ref name=gowanlock-2011 />

On May 22, 2018, a ] was detected within NGC 45 and was subsequently labeled AT 2018bwo. Luminous red novae like this are thought to be the result of stars merging. The progenitor of AT 2018bwo was a ] star.<ref name=Klencki_et_al_2021/>


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist}} {{Reflist|refs=

*
<ref name=SIMBAD>{{cite simbad|title=NGC 45}}</ref>

<ref name=Pannuti_et_al_2015>{{cite journal
| title=Chandra and Very Large Array Observations of the Nearby Sd Galaxy NGC 45
| display-authors=1 | last1=Pannuti | first1=Thomas G.
| last2=Swartz | first2=Douglas A. | last3=Laine | first3=Seppo
| last4=Schlegel | first4=Eric M. | last5=Lacey | first5=Christina K.
| last6=Moffitt | first6=William P. | last7=Sharma | first7=Biswas
| last8=Lackey-Stewart | first8=Aaron M. | last9=Kosakowski | first9=Alekzander R.
| last10=Filipović | first10=Miroslav D. | last11=Payne | first11=Jeffrey L.
| journal=The Astronomical Journal
| volume=150 | issue=3 | id=91 | pages=16 | date=September 2015
| doi=10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/91 | bibcode=2015AJ....150...91P }}</ref>

<ref name=Chemin_et_al_2006>{{cite journal
| title=H I Studies of the Sculptor Group Galaxies. VIII. The Background Galaxies: NGC 24 and NGC 45
| last1=Chemin | first1=Laurent | last2=Carignan | first2=Claude
| last3=Drouin | first3=Nathalie | last4=Freeman | first4=Kenneth C.
| display-authors=1 | journal=The Astronomical Journal
| volume=132 | issue=6 | pages=2527-2538
| date=December 2006 | doi=10.1086/508859
| arxiv=astro-ph/0609148 | bibcode=2006AJ....132.2527C }}</ref>

<ref name=Skrutskie_et_al_2006>{{cite journal
| title=The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)
| display-authors=1 | last1=Skrutskie | first1=Michael F.
| last2=Cutri | first2=Roc M. | last3=Stiening | first3=Rae
| last4=Weinberg | first4=Martin D. | last5=Schneider | first5=Stephen E.
| last6=Carpenter | first6=John M. | last7=Beichman | first7=Charles A.
| last8=Capps | first8=Richard W. | last9=Chester | first9=Thomas
| last10=Elias | first10=Jonathan H. | last11=Huchra | first11=John P.
| last12=Liebert | first12=James W. | last13=Lonsdale | first13=Carol J.
| last14=Monet | first14=David G. | last15=Price | first15=Stephan
| last16=Seitzer | first16=Patrick | last17=Jarrett | first17=Thomas H.
| last18=Kirkpatrick | first18=J. Davy | last19=Gizis | first19=John E.
| last20=Howard | first20=Elizabeth V. | last21=Evans | first21=Tracey E.
| last22=Fowler | first22=John W. | last23=Fullmer | first23=Linda
| last24=Hurt | first24=Robert L. | last25=Light | first25=Robert M.
| last26=Kopan | first26=Eugene L. | last27=Marsh | first27=Kenneth A.
| last28=McCallon | first28=Howard L. | last29=Tam | first29=Robert
| last30=Van Dyk | first30=Schuyler D. | last31=Wheelock | first31=Sherry L.
| journal=The Astronomical Journal
| date=1 February 2006 |volume=131 |pages=1163–1183
| doi=10.1086/498708 | issn=0004-6256
| bibcode=2006AJ....131.1163S }}</ref>

<ref name=Karachentsev_et_al_2016>{{cite journal
| title=The Local Tully–Fisher Relation for Dwarf Galaxies
| display-authors=1 | last1=Karachentsev | first1=Igor D.
| last2=Kaisina | first2=Elena I. | last3=Kashibadze (Nasonova) | first3=Olga G.
| journal=The Astronomical Journal
| volume=153 | page=6 | year=2016
| arxiv=1611.02574 | doi=10.3847/1538-3881/153/1/6
| s2cid=119388974 | bibcode=2017AJ....153....6K }}</ref>

<ref name=Tully_et_al_2016>{{cite journal
| title=Cosmicflows-3
| display-authors=1 | last1=Tully | first1=R. Brent
| last2=Courtois | first2=Hélène M. | last3=Sorce | first3=Jenny G.
| journal=The Astronomical Journal
| volume=152 | issue=2 | id=50 | pages=21 | date=2016
| bibcode=2016AJ....152...50T | arxiv=1605.01765
| doi=10.3847/0004-6256/152/2/50 }}</ref>

<ref name=Cook_et_al_2014>{{cite journal
| title=The Spitzer Local Volume Legacy (LVL) global optical photometry
| display-authors=1 | last1=Cook | first1=David O.
| last2=Dale | first2=Daniel A. | last3=Johnson | first3=Benjamin D.
| last4=Van Zee | first4=Liese | last5=Lee | first5=Janice C.
| last6=Kennicutt | first6=Robert C. | last7=Calzetti | first7=Daniela
| last8=Staudaher | first8=Shawn M. | last9=Engelbracht | first9=Charles W.
| journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
| year=2014 | volume=445 | issue=1 | page=881
| bibcode=2014MNRAS.445..881C | arxiv=1408.1130
| doi=10.1093/mnras/stu1580 | s2cid=118399317 }}</ref>

<ref name=ned>{{cite web
| work=NASA NED
| url=http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/nph-objsearch?objname=ngc+45&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES
| title=NGC 0045 | access-date=20 April 2010 }}</ref>

<ref name=Klencki_et_al_2021>{{cite journal
| title=The luminous red nova AT 2018bwo in NGC 45 and its binary yellow supergiant progenitor
| display-authors=1 | last1=Blagorodnova | first1=Nadejda
| last2=Klencki | first2=Jakub | last3=Pejcha | first3=Ondřej
| last4=Vreeswijk | first4=Paul M. | last5=Bond | first5=Howard E.
| last6=Burdge | first6=Kevin B. | last7=De | first7=Kishalay
| last8=Fremling | first8=Christoffer | last9=Gehrz | first9=Robert D.
| last10=Jencson | first10=Jacob E. | last11=Kasliwal | first11=Mansi M.
| last12=Kupfer | first12=Thomas | last13=Lau | first13=Ryan M.
| last14=Masci | first14=Frank J. | last15=Rich | first15=Michael R.
| journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics
| volume=653 | pages=A134 | year=2021
| bibcode=2021A&A...653A.134B | arxiv=2102.05662
| doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202140525 | s2cid=231879751 }}</ref>

<ref name=Gowanlock_et_al_2011>{{cite web
| first=G. | last=de Vaucouleurs
| author-link=Gérard de Vaucouleurs
| url=https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Dev/Dev5.html
| title=II. MORPHOLOGY, #34
| work=Classification and Morphology of External Galaxies
| access-date=2021-12-26 }}</ref>

<ref name=gowanlock-2011>{{Cite journal
| title=A Model of Habitability Within the Milky Way Galaxy
| display-authors=1 | last1=Gowanlock | first1=M. G.
| last2=Patton | first2=D. R. | last3=McConnell | first3=S. M.
| journal = Astrobiology
| volume=11 | issue=9 | pages=855–873 | year=2011
| pmid=22059554|arxiv=1107.1286
| bibcode=2011AsBio..11..855G | s2cid=851972
| doi=10.1089/ast.2010.0555 }}</ref>

<ref name="SP-20150821">{{cite web
| title=Giant Galaxies May Be Better Cradles for Habitable Planets
| last=Choi | first=Charles Q.
| url=http://www.space.com/30335-giant-galaxies-habitable-planets.html
| date=21 August 2015 | work=] | access-date=24 August 2015 }}</ref>

}}



==External links== ==External links==
*
* {{Commons category-inline}} * {{Commons category-inline}}
* {{WikiSky}} * {{WikiSky}}

Revision as of 23:49, 26 December 2021

Low-surface brightness spiral galaxy in the constellation Cetus

NGC 45
NGC 45 by GALEX (ultraviolet)
Observation data (2000.0 epoch)
ConstellationCetus
Right ascension00° 14′ 03.989″
Declination–23 10 55.53
Redshift0.001558
Heliocentric radial velocity466 km/s
Distance21.7 Mly (6.64 Mpc)
Apparent magnitude (V)10.73±0.03
Apparent magnitude (B)11.21±0.03
Characteristics
TypeSA(s)dm
Mass/Light ratio M☉/L☉
Apparent size (V)7.41′ × 5.13'
Other designations
UGCA 4, LEDA 930, MCG 04-01-21, PGC 930

NGC 45 is a low surface brightness spiral galaxy in the equatorial constellation of Cetus. It was discovered on 11 November 1835 by the English astronomer John Herschel. The galaxy is located at a distance of 22 million light years and is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 466 km/s. It is located in the vicinity of the Sculptor Group, but is most likely a background galaxy.

The morphological class of NGC 45 is SA(s)dm, indicating this is a spiral galaxy with no prominent inner bar (SA) or ring (s) feature. There is no central bulge to speak of. The galactic plane is inclined at an angle of 55°±5° to the line of sight from the Earth, with the major axis of the elliptical profile being aligned along a position angle of 145°±5°. Star formation is proceeding at a modest rate of ~0.20 M☉·yr.

Unlike the Milky Way, NGC 45 has no clearly defined spiral arms, and its center bar nucleus is also very small and distorted. NGC 45 thus does not have a galactic habitable zone. For the Milky Way, the galactic habitable zone is commonly believed to be an annulus with an outer radius of about 10 kiloparsecs and an inner radius close to the Galactic Center, both of which lack hard boundaries.

On May 22, 2018, a luminous red nova was detected within NGC 45 and was subsequently labeled AT 2018bwo. Luminous red novae like this are thought to be the result of stars merging. The progenitor of AT 2018bwo was a yellow supergiant star.

References

  1. ^ Skrutskie, Michael F.; et al. (1 February 2006). "The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)". The Astronomical Journal. 131: 1163–1183. Bibcode:2006AJ....131.1163S. doi:10.1086/498708. ISSN 0004-6256.
  2. "NGC 0045". NASA NED. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
  3. ^ Tully, R. Brent; et al. (2016). "Cosmicflows-3". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (2): 21. arXiv:1605.01765. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...50T. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/2/50. 50.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  4. ^ Karachentsev, Igor D.; et al. (2016). "The Local Tully–Fisher Relation for Dwarf Galaxies". The Astronomical Journal. 153: 6. arXiv:1611.02574. Bibcode:2017AJ....153....6K. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/153/1/6. S2CID 119388974.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  5. ^ Cook, David O.; et al. (2014). "The Spitzer Local Volume Legacy (LVL) global optical photometry". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 445 (1): 881. arXiv:1408.1130. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.445..881C. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1580. S2CID 118399317.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  6. ^ Pannuti, Thomas G.; et al. (September 2015). "Chandra and Very Large Array Observations of the Nearby Sd Galaxy NGC 45". The Astronomical Journal. 150 (3): 16. Bibcode:2015AJ....150...91P. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/91. 91.
  7. ^ Chemin, Laurent; et al. (December 2006). "H I Studies of the Sculptor Group Galaxies. VIII. The Background Galaxies: NGC 24 and NGC 45". The Astronomical Journal. 132 (6): 2527–2538. arXiv:astro-ph/0609148. Bibcode:2006AJ....132.2527C. doi:10.1086/508859.
  8. "NGC 45". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg.
  9. de Vaucouleurs, G. "II. MORPHOLOGY, #34". Classification and Morphology of External Galaxies. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
  10. ^ Gowanlock, M. G.; et al. (2011). "A Model of Habitability Within the Milky Way Galaxy". Astrobiology. 11 (9): 855–873. arXiv:1107.1286. Bibcode:2011AsBio..11..855G. doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0555. PMID 22059554. S2CID 851972.
  11. Choi, Charles Q. (21 August 2015). "Giant Galaxies May Be Better Cradles for Habitable Planets". Space.com. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  12. Blagorodnova, Nadejda; et al. (2021). "The luminous red nova AT 2018bwo in NGC 45 and its binary yellow supergiant progenitor". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 653: A134. arXiv:2102.05662. Bibcode:2021A&A...653A.134B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140525. S2CID 231879751.


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