Hephthalite–Gokturk raids of 614–616: Difference between revisions

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	In 614 the ] raided eastern Persia with a large number of men, but were defeated in the first battle near the fort of ] in ].{{efn\|Robert Haug states the battle was near Nishapur.{{sfn\|Haug\|2019\|p=68}}}}{{sfn\|Pourshariati\|2008\|p=139}} Having lost this battle, the Kushans requested reinforcements from the ]. According to ], 300,000 troops from the ] were sent to reinforce the Hephthalites.{{sfn\|Pourshariati\|2008\|p=139}}		In 614 the ] raided eastern Persia with a large number of men, but were defeated in the first battle near the fort of ] in ].{{efn\|Robert Haug states the battle was near Nishapur.{{sfn\|Haug\|2019\|p=68}}}}{{sfn\|Pourshariati\|2008\|p=139}} Having lost this battle, the Kushans requested reinforcements from the ]. According to ], 300,000 troops from the ] were sent to reinforce the Hephthalites.{{sfn\|Pourshariati\|2008\|p=139}}

	The Gokturk forces quickly overran ], but could not breach the fort of ] with its 300 defenders.{{sfn\|Pourshariati\|2008\|p=139}} A Sasanian army under prince Datoyean arrived to meet the Gokturk army but was defeated.{{sfn\|Pourshariati\|2008\|p=139}} The Gokturks then raided as far as ] and ], then the Khagan gave the order for the Gokturks to retreat, leaving the Kushans and Hepththalites on their own.{{sfn\|Thomson\|1999\|p=185-186}} Smbat quickly reorganized the eastern Persian forces and finally crushed the Kushans and Hephthalites, reportedly killing their leader in hand-to-hand combat ('']'').{{sfn\|Garsoian\|2005}} The Kushans and Hephthalites retreated to their camp.{{sfn\|Pourshariati\|2008\|p=139}}		The Gokturk forces quickly overran ], but could not breach the fort of ] with its 300 defenders.{{sfn\|Pourshariati\|2008\|p=139}} A Sasanian army under prince Datoyean arrived to meet the Gokturk army but was defeated.{{sfn\|Pourshariati\|2008\|p=139}} The Gokturks then raided as far as ] and ], then the Khagan gave the order for the Gokturks to retreat, due to new rebellion at toles {{sfn\|Mario Grignaschi, Sabirs, Khazars and Gokturks}} {{sfn\|Soei-chou chapter 84; Chavannes Doc. p. 15 and Keiou T'ang Chou chapter 115; Chavannes: Doc. Information about Uyghurs}} and leaving the Kushans and Hepththalites on their own.{{sfn\|Thomson\|1999\|p=185-186}} Smbat quickly reorganized the eastern Persian forces and finally crushed the Kushans and Hephthalites, reportedly killing their leader in hand-to-hand combat ('']'').{{sfn\|Garsoian\|2005}} The Kushans and Hephthalites retreated to their camp.{{sfn\|Pourshariati\|2008\|p=139}}

	Following these noteworthy triumphs, Smbat was summoned back to the Persian court, where he died in 616 or 617.{{sfn\|Garsoian\|2005}}		Following these noteworthy triumphs, Smbat was summoned back to the Persian court, where he died in 616 or 617.{{sfn\|Garsoian\|2005}}

Revision as of 22:28, 27 December 2024

Hephthalite–Gokturk raids of 614–616

Date	614-616
Location	Central Asia
Result	Sasanian victory

Belligerents

Sasanian Empire

Hephthalites
Western Turkic Khaganate

Commanders and leaders

Smbat IV Bagratuni
Datoyean

Unknown leader †

Strength

300,000(exaggerated)

The Hephthalite–Gokturk raids of 614–616 were incursions by the Hephthalites and Gokturks into the Sasanian Empire. The Sasanian army led by Smbat Bagratuni quickly defeated the Hephthalites raid who, in response, called the Gokturk Empire for assistance. The Gokturks responded with a large army that raided as far as Ray and the province of Isfahan. The raid was defeated with Smbat killing the Hephthalites leader in single combat.

In 614 the Hephthalites raided eastern Persia with a large number of men, but were defeated in the first battle near the fort of Tus in Khorasan. Having lost this battle, the Kushans requested reinforcements from the Khagan. According to Sebeos, 300,000 troops from the Gokturk empire were sent to reinforce the Hephthalites.

The Gokturk forces quickly overran Khorasan, but could not breach the fort of Tus with its 300 defenders. A Sasanian army under prince Datoyean arrived to meet the Gokturk army but was defeated. The Gokturks then raided as far as Ray and Isfahan, then the Khagan gave the order for the Gokturks to retreat, due to new rebellion at toles and leaving the Kushans and Hepththalites on their own. Smbat quickly reorganized the eastern Persian forces and finally crushed the Kushans and Hephthalites, reportedly killing their leader in hand-to-hand combat (mard o mard). The Kushans and Hephthalites retreated to their camp.

Following these noteworthy triumphs, Smbat was summoned back to the Persian court, where he died in 616 or 617.

Notes

Robert Haug states the battle was near Nishapur.

References

^ Haug 2019, p. 68.
^ Pourshariati 2008, p. 139.
Mario Grignaschi, Sabirs, Khazars and Gokturks. sfn error: no target: CITEREFMario_Grignaschi,_Sabirs,_Khazars_and_Gokturks (help)
Soei-chou chapter 84; Chavannes Doc. p. 15 and Keiou T'ang Chou chapter 115; Chavannes: Doc. Information about Uyghurs. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSoei-chou_chapter_84;_Chavannes_Doc._p._15_and_Keiou_T'ang_Chou_chapter_115;_Chavannes:_Doc._Information_about_Uyghurs (help)
Thomson 1999, p. 185-186.
^ Garsoian 2005.

Sources

Garsoian, Nina (2005). "SMBAT BAGRATUNI". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 2013-08-10.
Haug, Robert (2019). The Eastern Frontier: Limits of Empire in Late Antique and Early Medieval Central Asia. I.B. Tauris.
Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2008). Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran. London and New York: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-645-3.
Thomson, Robert (1999). Armenian History Attributed to Sebeos. Liverpool University Press.

v t e Göktürks
First Turkic Khaganate (552–581)	(Ashina Tuwu) Bumin Qaghan Issik Qaghan Muqan Qaghan Taspar Qaghan Ashina Anluo Ishbara Qaghan Bagha Qaghan Tulan Qaghan (Istämi) (Empress Ashina) (Apa Qaghan) (Yangsu Tegin) (Tamgan)
Eastern Turkic Khaganate (581–630)	Yami Qaghan Shibi Qaghan Chulo Qaghan Illig Qaghan Qilibi Qaghan Chebi Qaghan (Ashina Jiesheshuai) (Ashina Funian) (Ashina She'er) (Ashina Nishufu) (Ashide Wenfu) (Ashide Fengji) (Ashina Shibobi)
Western Turkic Khaganate (581–657)	Tardu Niri Qaghan Heshana Qaghan Sheguy Tong Yabghu Qaghan Külüg Sibir Sy Yabghu Khagan Duolu Qaghan Ishbara Tolis (El Kulug Shad) (Irbis Ishbara Yabgu Qaghan) Yukuk Shad Irbis Seguy Hallig (Bagha Shad) (Böri Shad) (Ashina Duzhi) (Tardush Shad) (Ashina Tuizi)
Second Turkic Khaganate (682–744)	Ilterish Qaghan Qapaghan Qaghan Inel Qaghan Bilgä Qaǧan Yollıg Khagan Tengri Qaghan Kutluk Yabgu Khagan Özmiş Khagan Ashina Shi (Ashina Duoxifu) (Kulun Beg) (Kul Tigin) (Tonyukuk) (Qutluğ Säbäg Qatun) (El Bilga Khatun)
Western Turks under Jimi system	Kunling Protectorate Ashina Mishe Ashina Yuanqing Ashina Xian Ashina Zhen Mengchi Protectorate Ashina Buzhen Ashina Huseluo Ashina Huaidao Ashina Xin Anxi Protectorate Tokhara Yabghus (625-758) Turk Shahis (665–870)
Göktürk culture	Tengrism Asena Otuken Suyab Kurultai Old Turkic language Old Turkic script Orkhon inscriptions Orkhon Valley Shoroon Bumbagar tomb Turks in the Tang military Ülüş system Tonyukuk inscriptions Ongin inscription Altyn Tamgan Tarhan inscription Qara bodun
Göktürk wars and battles	Battle of Gol-Zarriun/Bukhara Göktürk–Persian wars First Second Third Goguryeo–Tang War Göktürk civil war Tang Eastern Turk campaign Xueyantuo Tang Western Turk campaigns Conquest Li-Sun rebellion Battle of Bolchu
Titles	Khagan Shad Tegin Yabghu Bagha Boyla Tudun Beg Khatun Tarkhan Ishad Elteber
Family	Göktürk family tree Ashina tribe Ashide

Categories:

Revision as of 10:42, 17 December 2024 view sourceWikaviani (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers14,564 edits c/eTag: 2017 wikitext editor ← Previous edit		Revision as of 22:28, 27 December 2024 view source وقت الصلاة (talk \| contribs)52 editsNo edit summaryTags: Reverted harv-error Mobile edit Mobile web editNext edit →
Line 21:		Line 21:
	In 614 the ] raided eastern Persia with a large number of men, but were defeated in the first battle near the fort of ] in ].{{efn\|Robert Haug states the battle was near Nishapur.{{sfn\|Haug\|2019\|p=68}}}}{{sfn\|Pourshariati\|2008\|p=139}} Having lost this battle, the Kushans requested reinforcements from the ]. According to ], 300,000 troops from the ] were sent to reinforce the Hephthalites.{{sfn\|Pourshariati\|2008\|p=139}}		In 614 the ] raided eastern Persia with a large number of men, but were defeated in the first battle near the fort of ] in ].{{efn\|Robert Haug states the battle was near Nishapur.{{sfn\|Haug\|2019\|p=68}}}}{{sfn\|Pourshariati\|2008\|p=139}} Having lost this battle, the Kushans requested reinforcements from the ]. According to ], 300,000 troops from the ] were sent to reinforce the Hephthalites.{{sfn\|Pourshariati\|2008\|p=139}}

	The Gokturk forces quickly overran ], but could not breach the fort of ] with its 300 defenders.{{sfn\|Pourshariati\|2008\|p=139}} A Sasanian army under prince Datoyean arrived to meet the Gokturk army but was defeated.{{sfn\|Pourshariati\|2008\|p=139}} The Gokturks then raided as far as ] and ], then the Khagan gave the order for the Gokturks to retreat, leaving the Kushans and Hepththalites on their own.{{sfn\|Thomson\|1999\|p=185-186}} Smbat quickly reorganized the eastern Persian forces and finally crushed the Kushans and Hephthalites, reportedly killing their leader in hand-to-hand combat ('']'').{{sfn\|Garsoian\|2005}} The Kushans and Hephthalites retreated to their camp.{{sfn\|Pourshariati\|2008\|p=139}}		The Gokturk forces quickly overran ], but could not breach the fort of ] with its 300 defenders.{{sfn\|Pourshariati\|2008\|p=139}} A Sasanian army under prince Datoyean arrived to meet the Gokturk army but was defeated.{{sfn\|Pourshariati\|2008\|p=139}} The Gokturks then raided as far as ] and ], then the Khagan gave the order for the Gokturks to retreat, due to new rebellion at toles {{sfn\|Mario Grignaschi, Sabirs, Khazars and Gokturks}} {{sfn\|Soei-chou chapter 84; Chavannes Doc. p. 15 and Keiou T'ang Chou chapter 115; Chavannes: Doc. Information about Uyghurs}} and leaving the Kushans and Hepththalites on their own.{{sfn\|Thomson\|1999\|p=185-186}} Smbat quickly reorganized the eastern Persian forces and finally crushed the Kushans and Hephthalites, reportedly killing their leader in hand-to-hand combat ('']'').{{sfn\|Garsoian\|2005}} The Kushans and Hephthalites retreated to their camp.{{sfn\|Pourshariati\|2008\|p=139}}

	Following these noteworthy triumphs, Smbat was summoned back to the Persian court, where he died in 616 or 617.{{sfn\|Garsoian\|2005}}		Following these noteworthy triumphs, Smbat was summoned back to the Persian court, where he died in 616 or 617.{{sfn\|Garsoian\|2005}}

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