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Operation Pillar of Cloud
Part of Gaza–Israel conflict
Map of Gaza Strip and Israel border
Date 14 November 2012 (2012-11-14) – present Location Southern Israel and Gaza Strip30°40′N 34°50′E / 30.667°N 34.833°E / 30.667; 34.833 Status Ongoing
Belligerents
Israel	Palestine Gaza Strip Hamas PIJ
Commanders and leaders
Benjamin Netanyahu Prime Minister Ehud Barak Minister of Defense Benny Gantz Chief of General Staff	Ismail Haniyeh (Prime Minister of the Hamas Authority) Ahmed Jaabari  †
Casualties and losses
3 civilians killed, 70+ injured	25 killed, 250+ injured

Operation Pillar of Cloud (Template:Lang-he-n, Amúd Anán) is an Israel Defense Forces operation in the Gaza Strip, officially launched on 14 November 2012 with the killing of Ahmed Jabari, chief of the Gaza military wing of Hamas. This operation comes after several Israeli air strikes on Gaza and Counterattack by Gazan missles.

The Israeli strikes killed 19 Palestinians including 7 militants and twelve civilians.

Palestinian militants further intensified their rocket attacks on Israel, firing over 300 Iranian Fajr-5 and Russian Grad rockets, Qassams and mortars into Israeli cities and towns. Three Israelis were killed in a direct hit on a home in Kiryat Malachi, and rockets hit Tel Aviv for the first time since the 1991 Gulf War.

Russia, Egypt, Turkey and several other Arab and Muslim countries condemned the Israeli operation. The European Union, United States, United Kingdom, and several other Western countries condemned the Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel and/or expressed support for Israel's right to defend its citizens. China and France expressed concern for the possibility of civilian casualties and urged restraint. The United Nations Security Council held an emergency session on the situation but reached no decision.

Background

According to the Israel Security Agency, rockets have been launched from Gaza into Israel continually throughout 2012. There were 92 rockets attacks in October. On the last 11 years Gazan missiles killed 21 Israeli, while Palestinians claim, without confirmation, that Israel responses killed over 1477 children and in the past 5 years Israel killed 2300 and wounded 7700 in Gaza only.

5–13 November

On 5 November, during a period of heightened tension, militant groups firing rockets and mortars into Israel, soldiers killed a 20-year-old Palestinian who ignored Israeli warning shots when he neared the Gaza–Israel border fence. According to Palestinian medics, the man had learning difficulties. On the 5th of November a Palestinian road side bomb exploded and Israeli soldiers were injured. On 8 November, the IDF made a short-range incursion into Gaza after finding more bombs along the border, leading to a gunfight with the Popular Resistance Committees. During the clash, a 13-year-old Palestinian boy was killed "by machine-gun fire, either from IDF helicopters or tanks that took part in the incident." Later that day, Palestinian militants detonated an explosives-packed tunnel they had dug on the border, wounding four Israeli soldiers.

Qassam rocket attacks took place on 9 November. though none of the rocket attacks resulted in any Israeli casualties.

On 10 November, militants fired an anti-tank missile at an IDF Jeep on routine patrol near Israel's side of the border, wounding four soldiers one of whom is in critical condition. The IDF shelled the source of the fire and pre-chosen targets in the Sa'ajiya area. Hamas spokesman Ashraf al-Qidra said that four teenagers were killed. Militants then fired at least 30 rockets and several mortars into Israel, prompting Israelis in the area to seek shelter.

The sides continued to exchange fire for several days after the incident. Militants fired more than 150 rockets, striking Israeli homes. Several Israelis were wounded, including two whose car was hit. Schools across southern Israel were closed. Israel carried out further airstrikes in Gaza, killing six militants.

In the days before the operation, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Defense Minister Ehud Barak said that "Israel's reaction will come at the appropriate time." However, following a cabinet meeting in the morning before the operation, Minister Benny Begin said that "the current exchange of hostilities seems to be over". According to one Israeli analyst, these mixed messages, the expected diplomatic repercussions from Egypt and the risks of a war on the eve of the Israeli elections are three factors designed to foster a laissez-faire atmosphere for Gaza's Palestinian leaders.

On 12 November, Hamas and PIJ officials indicated a willingness to discuss a ceasefire. A PIJ spokesman said, "The ball is in Israel's court. The resistance factions will observe Israel's behavior on the ground and will act accordingly." However, the Israeli military claims Palestinians fired 12 rockets on 12 November. Two rockets were fired into Israel during the day. Israel asked the UN Security Council to berate the rocket attacks, with Barak saying that Israel "would not accept the harm to daily life of our civilians".

The operation

14 November

The operation began about 16h (Israel time) with an airstrike targeting Ahmed Jabari, chief of Hamas's military wing. Osama Hamdan, a Hamas representative in Lebanon, said the airstrike also killed Jabari's son. The IDF released a video of this airstrike. On the same day, an Israeli round hit the home of Jihad Mishrawi, a BBC Arabic video editor residing in Gaza. The airstrike killed his 11-month old son Omar, and his sister in law. Mishrawi told the BBC Middle East bureau chief that there had been no fighting in his residential neighbourhood at the time of the attack.

The IDF also struck against 20 Hamas targets in the Gaza Strip, including underground rocket launchers and an ammunition warehouse stocking Iranian-made, long-range Fajr-5 missiles. The IDF said that many of the targeted weapon stashes were in residential areas and evidenced "the pattern of Hamas to use the population in Gaza as human shields." Israel claims to have destroyed most of this long-range capability. An IDF spokesman said that the goal of the operation is to "bring back quiet to southern Israel, and... to strike at terror organizations." At the same time, Israeli spokespersons said that it would try "to avoid civilian casualties."

Gazan militants continued to fire rockets towards the Israeli cities of Beersheba, Ashdod, Ofakim and the Shaar Hanegev and Eshkol Regional Council. The Iron Dome missile defense system made 130 interceptions. About 55 rockets were launched on the evening of 14 November, including a Grad rocket fired in the direction of the Negev Nuclear Research Center near Dimona. On the night of 14 November, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced that the Israeli cabinet had authorized a partial call-up of reservists in case they were needed for a large ground-based operation.

15 November

On 15 November, all schools within 40 kilometers of the Gaza Strip were closed down. An 8-month old girl was killed in Gaza when her house was shelled. In total, 15 Palestinians were killed, including five militants and two children during the airstrikes.

Thirteen Israelis were treated for injuries suffered during the night. Three Israelis, a man and two women, were killed when a rocket struck a four-storey building in Kiryat Malachi. Magen David Adom paramedics treated five wounded people at the scene, including a 11-month-old child who was critically injured. A further five missiles were fired at the town as emergency services attempted to rescue those trapped inside the debris. A residence in Ashdod and a school in Ofakim were struck by rockets. The Israeli air force distributed leaflets over Gaza telling residents to keep a distance from Palestinian forces and their facilities.

Also on 15 November, at least two Fajr rockets landed in the suburbs of Tel Aviv. No injuries were reported. This was the first time that Gush Dan has been targeted by missiles since the Persian Gulf War, when Saddam Hussein launched a number of Scud missiles at Israel. On the night of 15 November, the Israeli Air Force launched a series of 70 bombing runs to destroy what it said were underground medium-range rocket launchers.

16 November

The prime minister of Egypt, Hisham Qandil, paid a visit to the Gaza Strip on 16 November. His official purpose of the visit was to "show solidarity with the Palestinian people." He arranged for a 3-hour ceasefire to accommodate his visit. The Israeli army reported that about 50 rockets were fired from the Gaza Strip during this window. Hamas argued that the IDF bombed a Hamas commander's house in Gaza during the ceasefire, but the IDF denies the claim.

Casualties

19 Palestinians have been killed to date, including 7 militants and twelve civilians, among them were a pregnant woman and six children.

• Ahmed Jabari, 52, operational commander of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the armed wing of Hamas.
• Muhammad al-Hams, 28, bodyguard of Jabari.
• Ismail Qandil, 24, member of the Izz-ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades.
• Rami Hamad, member of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades.
• Khaled Abu Nasr, member of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades.
• Issam Abu al-Maaz, 20, member of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades.
• Hisham Muhammad al-Ghalban, 25, member of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades.
• Wael Haidar al-Ghalban, 28, member of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades.
• Habes Masmah, 30, Hamas security commander.
• Fares al-Bassiouni
• Tareq Jamal Naser, 16,
• Oday Jamal Nasser, 14
• Omar/Ahmad Mashharawi, 11 months
• Hiba Mashharawi, 19
• Muhammad Abu Swawen, 65
• Muhammad/Hani Kasih, 18
• Rinan Arafat, 7
• Haneen Tafish, 8 months
• Unnamed girl, 2 years old
• Unnamed woman, pregnant with twins

Three Israeli civilians, two men and one woman, have also been killed:

• Yitzchak Amsallem, 22
• Ahron Smadja, 49
• Mirah Scharf, 26, pregnant

Social media and Internet

The IDF made widespread use of Twitter and a liveblog to give an up-to-date account of its operations. The military wing of Hamas also made use of Twitter, publicising its rocket and mortar attacks and tweeting when Israeli casualties were reported. Foreign Policy magazine labeled this effort a "milestone in military communications." The use of Twitter in military engagements had previously been used by the KDF in its operation against Al Shabaab in Somalia in 2011. The IDF's Twitter account gained more than 50,000 new followers in 24 hours.

Hamas were accused of using pictures of children that have been injured or killed in Syria and presenting them in the social media as Palestinian dead. One of its tweets about the Israeli strikes contained a picture of a dead girl that previously been posted on the Syrians & Friends Facebook page in October. Another photo of explosions that was uploaded to the Facebook page affiliated with Hamas appeared to be digitally altered. There were suggestions that a Gazan man had feigned injury, being seen carried by Palestinians in apparent discomfort, and yet moments later walking on his own.

Anonymous attacked many Israeli websites in response to the IDF offensive in Gaza and claims to have taken down at least 50 sites. Many of the websites were replaced with messages condemning the Israeli campaign and expressing support for the citizens of Gaza. Hackers from Kuwait disrupted the website of Likud MK Danny Danon, who had posted an online petition urging the government of Israel to cease providing the Gaza Strip with electricity.

Reactions

International

Non-governmental organizations

• Amnesty International said that both sides should stop the violence, and Ann Harrison, Deputy Director of Amnesty International’s Middle East and North Africa Programme, said "The Israeli military must not carry out further indiscriminate attacks, or attacks in densely populated residential areas that will inevitably harm civilians." and "Palestinian armed groups in Gaza meanwhile must not fire indiscriminate rockets into Israel. The international community must put pressure on both sides to fully respect the laws of war and protect civilian lives and property."
• Human Rights Watch said that “Israeli and Palestinian forces alike need to make all feasible efforts to avoid harming civilians,” and “there is no justification for Palestinian armed groups unlawfully launching rockets at Israeli population centers.”
• The Israeli human rights organization B'Tselem warned both sides about causing civilian deaths and stated: "Protection of civilians stands at the heart of international humanitarian law. They must never be targeted; all measures must be taken to protect them. B'Tselem demands that the Israeli government respect these principles at all times and under all circumstances."
• The J Street organization said it "stands with Israel and its right to defend itself from all threats to its people and territory. Our sympathies go out to the Israeli victims and families caught in the violence. We reiterate our call on Hamas to immediately cease rocket attacks on Israel and to ensure that other groups in Gaza desist as well." It also urged Israel to avoid civilian casualties and hoped for President Obama to "mobilize international partners to broker a ceasefire quickly."

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External links

• Israel launches airstrikes against Gaza Strip, kills Hamas commander at Wikinews
• "IDF carries out widespread attack on Gaza terror sites" (Document). Israel Defense Forces. {{cite document}}: Unknown parameter |url= ignored (help)

• Use dmy dates from November 2012
• Current events from November 2012
• 2012 in Israel
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• Aerial operations and battles involving Israel
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• Israel–Gaza conflict