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Nicolás Maduro
President of Venezuela Acting
Incumbent
Assumed office 8 March 2013
Vice President	Jorge Arreaza (Acting)
Preceded by	Hugo Chávez
Vice President of Venezuela
In office 13 October 2012 – 8 March 2013
President	Hugo Chávez
Preceded by	Elías Jaua
Succeeded by	Jorge Arreaza (Acting)
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office 9 August 2006 – 15 January 2013
President	Hugo Chávez
Preceded by	Alí Rodríguez Araque
Succeeded by	Elías Jaua
Personal details
Born	Nicolás Maduro Moros (1962-11-23) 23 November 1962 (age 62) Caracas, Venezuela
Political party	Fifth Republic Movement (Before 2007) United Socialist Party (2007–present)
Spouse	Cilia Flores

Nicolás Maduro Moros (Spanish pronunciation: [nikoˈlaz maˈðuɾo ˈmoɾos], born 23 November 1962) is a Venezuelan politician who has been the interim President of Venezuela since 8 March 2013. Prior to assuming charge as interim President, he was the Vice President of Venezuela from 2012 to 2013. Maduro became interim President following the death of Hugo Chávez.

A former bus driver, Maduro went on to become a union leader, ultimately reaching a position in the Venezuelan government during the Chávez administration, where he was appointed the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2006 to 2013. He has been described as the "most capable administrator and politician of Chávez's inner circle".

Venezuela's constitution requires elections to fill a presidential vacancy. Although Chávez recommended Maduro to succeed him, the election by which he could do so has not yet occurred. The constitutionality of his assumption of power has been questioned by the opposition. Maduro will face Henrique Capriles in the 2013 Venezuelan presidential election.

Early life and education

Nicolás Maduro was born in Caracas in 1962, into a leftist family, the son of a union leader. He attended a public high school at the Liceo José Ávalos in the El Valle neighbourhood, a working-class neighbourhood on the western outskirts of Caracas. His first introduction to what would become his political career was as a member of his high school's student union.

Although Maduro was raised, and is nominally, a Roman Catholic, he also is a follower of the Sathya Sai Baba movement and his paternal family ancestry is of Sephardic Jewish origin.

In his speech during the ceremony installing him as Venezuela's acting President, Nicolás Maduro referred to his family's ancestral background, distancing himself from the power and influence of the Maduro, and reinforcing his commitment to Chavez's socialism and to continue the Bolivarian Revolution, saying:

"Compatriots, I am not here out of personal ambition, out of vanity, or because my surname Maduro is a part of the rancid oligarchy of this country. I am not here because I represent financial groups, neither of the oligarchy nor of American imperialism... I am not here to protect mafias nor groups nor factions."

Early career

Maduro began his political career when he was a bus driver, by becoming an unofficial trade-unionist representing the workers of the Caracas Metro system in the 1980s. He was also a bodyguard for José Vicente Rangel during Rangel's presidential campaigns.

Political career

National Assembly

Maduro was elected on the MVR ticket to the Venezuelan Chamber of Deputies in 1998, to the National Constituent Assembly in 1999, and to the National Assembly in 2000 and 2005, representing the Capital District. The legislature elected him Speaker of the Assembly, a role he held from 2005 until 9 August 2006, when he was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Foreign Minister

On 9 August 2006, Nicolás Maduro was made Minister of Foreign Affairs. During his time as Minister of Foreign Affairs, Venezuela's foreign policy stances included support for Libya under Muammar Gaddafi, and a turnaround in relations with Colombia".

Vice President of Venezuela

On 8 December 2012, in an address to the nation, President Hugo Chávez announced that his cancer had returned and that he would be returning to Cuba for emergency surgery and further medical treatment. Chávez said that should his condition worsen and a new presidential election need to be called to replace him, Venezuelans should vote for Maduro to succeed him. This was the first time that Chávez, who died on 5 March 2013, had named a potential successor to his movement, as well as the first time he had publicly acknowledged the possibility of his demise.

Chávez's endorsement of Maduro sidelined Diosdado Cabello, a military man and powerful Socialist Party official, with ties to the armed forces who had been considered a top candidate as Chávez's successor. He "immediately pledged loyalty" to both Chavez and Maduro.

Interim President of Venezuela

Upon the death of Chávez on March 5, 2013, Maduro became interim president. Since Chávez died within the first four years of his term, the Constitution of Venezuela states that a presidential election must be held within 30 days of his death. Maduro will be the PSUV's candidate in that election.

Venezuelan opposition leaders argue that by assuming power over the president of the national assembly, Maduro violated articles 229, 231, and 233 of the Venezuelan constitution.

Controversies

Maduro declared upon announcing Chávez's death that 'historical enemies' had poisoned the president and declaring Venezuela's opposition to be 'fascists'.

On the date of Hugo Chávez's death, Maduro claimed that the 'imperialists' infected Chavez with cancer.

In early 2012, Maduro declared during a public speech that the opposition politicians were "faggots". This caused an uproar. Maduro then apologized to the local people of sexual minorities, stating that he had said it in the heat of a discussion about what the opposition did.

Maduro has led the embalming of Hugo Chávez, though Chávez called preserved corpses 'macabre' and 'unnatural' when he was alive, and had requested to be buried in the plains of Venezuela.Maduro commented this was for gain for "the revolution." Venezuelan journalists from 'La Patilla' interviewed Joseph Cheng, a professor of political science at University of Hong Kong who perceives this as a method to perpetuate Chávez as a cult figure to "support the regime and its policies."

Maduro's ad campaign has focused around photos of Chávez, not himself. The Democratic Union of Venezuela argues this is part of an overarching strategy, going back to well before Chavez left for Cuba, raising questions as to when Chávez died.

Personal life

Maduro is married to Cilia Flores, a prominent lawyer within the Fifth Republic Movement (MVR) who replaced Maduro as Speaker of the Assembly in August 2006, when he was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs; she was the first woman to serve as president of the National Assembly (2006–2011).

References

1. De Córdoba, José; Kejal Vyas (9 December 2012). "Venezuela's Future in Balance". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 10 December 2012. {{cite news}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)
2. "Venezuelan opposition challenges Nicolás Maduro's legitimacy".
3. ^ Virginia Lopez in Caracas. "Nicolás Maduro: Hugo Chávez's incendiary heir | World news". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
4. "Profile: Nicolas Maduro - Americas". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
5. "Perfil | ¿Quién es Nicolás Maduro? - Actualidad | El Mundo Economía y Negocios". Elmundo.com.ve. 27 December 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
6. "Hugo Chavez's successor Nicolas Maduro a devotee of Satya Sai Baba - Indian Express Mobile". M.indianexpress.com. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
7. http://www.embavenez-uk.org/pdf/fs_consolidating%20_relationsjewish.pdf
8. http://www.embavenez-us.org/_spanish/documentos/dccomunidadjudia.pdf
9. http://venezuela-us.org/es/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/dc-profundizacion-del-dialogo-con-la-comunidad-judia-28-abril-20091.pdf
10. "Por un pedido argentino, Chávez recibió en Caracas a líderes judíos". Clarin.com. 14 August 2008. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
11. "La sombra antisemita de Ceresole". Guia.com.ve. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
12. Author admin, 08.03.2013, 21:36. "Maduro convoca a elecciones inmediatas - Pim pom papas noticias". Noticias.pimpompapas.com. Retrieved 10 March 2013. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
13. VTV. "Presidente Maduro: Asumo está banda de Chávez para cumplir el juramento de continuar la Revolución (+Fotos+Video) — Venezolana de Televisión" (in Template:Es icon). Vtv.gob.ve. Retrieved 10 March 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
14. Nicolás Maduro (Últimas Noticias)
15. Shoichet, Catherine (9 December 2012). "Venezuela: As Chavez Battles Cancer, Maduro Waits in the Wings". CNN. {{cite news}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)
16. "Venezuela's Chavez Says Cancer Back, Plans Surgery". USA Today. 8 December 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
17. Nathan Crooks (8 December 2012). "Venezuela's Chavez Says New Cancer Cells Detected in Cuba Exams". Bloomberg. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
18. Profile: Nicolas Maduro. BBC News. 13 December, 2012. Retrieved 2012-12-13.
19. Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez dies
20. "Hugo Chavez's handpicked successor at helm in Venezuela, for time being".
21. Constitution of Venezuela
22. Venezuela's foreign minister says VP Maduro is interim president Fox News, 5 March 2013
23. "CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA".
24. "Venezuelan opposition challenges Nicolás Maduro's legitimacy".
25. United States poisoned Chávez, Maduro says (The Guardian)
26. "US dismisses claims that CIA gave Chávez cancer as 'absurd'".
27. Maduro apologizes to gay community (ABC)
28. "Where's the respect, Chávez asks as he seizes dissected cadavers".
29. "Hugo Chavez to be embalmed for public view".
30. "Embalming Chavez with the hope of perpetuating his cult figure".
31. "Maduro campaign posters and decorating the center poles".
32. "Capriles: Maduro seeks Chávez death gain".
33. Cawthorne, Andrew; Mario Naranjo (9 December 2012). "Who is Nicolas Maduro, Possible Successor to Hugo Chávez?". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 10 December 2012. {{cite news}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)
34. Parlamentares venezuelanos acusam EUA de conspiraçãoTemplate:Pt

External links

• Ministerio del Poder Popular para Relaciones Exteriores (Venezuelan Foreign Ministry)
• Nicolás Maduro Moros, Ministro del Poder Popular para Relaciones Exteriores (government CV)

v t e President of Venezuela (list)
Since 1830	Páez Narvarte Vargas Carreño Vargas Narvarte Carreño Soublette Páez Soublette J. T. Monagas J. G. Monagas J. T. Monagas Gual J. Castro Gual Tovar Gual Páez Falcón Bruzual Villegas J. R. Monagas Villegas Guzmán Linares Valera Guzmán Crespo Guzmán H. López Rojas Andueza Villegas Villegas Pulido Crespo Andrade C. Castro Gómez Gil Fortoul Márquez Gómez J. Pérez Gómez López Contreras Medina Betancourt Gallegos Delgado Chalbaud Suárez Flamerich Pérez Jiménez Larrazábal Sanabria Betancourt Leoni Caldera C. Pérez Herrera Lusinchi C. Pérez Lepage Velásquez Caldera Chávez Cabello Chávez Maduro Guaidó
Acting / interim / caretaker presidents shown in italics Recognized by the National Assembly as "interim president" during the Venezuelan presidential crisis until 2023

Template:Persondata

• Use dmy dates from September 2010
• 1962 births
• Christian socialists
• Christians of Jewish descent
• Fifth Republic Movement politicians
• Living people
• Members of the Venezuelan Chamber of Deputies
• People from Caracas
• Presidents of Venezuela
• Speakers of the National Assembly of Venezuela
• Trade union leaders
• United Socialist Party of Venezuela politicians
• Venezuelan Ministers of Foreign Affairs
• Venezuelan Roman Catholics
• Venezuelan people of Jewish descent
• Vice Presidents of Venezuela