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Aretha Louise Franklin (born March 25, 1942) is an American gospel, soul and R&B singer born in Memphis, Tennessee, but raised in Detroit, Michigan. She has been dubbed for years "The Queen Of Soul" and many also call her "Lady Soul". She is renowned for her soul and R&B recordings but is also adept at jazz, rock, blues, pop, gospel, and even opera. She is generally regarded as the best vocalist ever by such industry publications/media outlets as Rolling Stone and VH1, due to her ability to inject whatever she may be singing about with gut wrenching soul (hence the title) and sheer conviction. She is the second most honored female popular singer in Grammy history after Allison Krauss. Ms. Franklin has won eighteen competitive Grammys (including an unprecedented eleven for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance, eight of them consecutive) and the state of Michigan has declared her voice to be a natural wonder.

Franklin has had two number one hit songs on the Billboard Hot 100, "Respect" in the 1960s, and her 1980s duet with George Michael, "I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)" and many of her singles have hit Top 20, Top 10, and Top 5 positions.

Biography

Franklin was born in Memphis. The family lived in Buffalo, New York for a short time before moving to Detroit, Michigan when she was seven. Aretha's mother, Barbara (a gospel singer), left the family when Aretha was only six years old, and later died.

As a child, Franklin and her sisters, Carolyn and Erma, sang at her father's Detroit-area church and made her first recordings at the age 14. One of their two brothers, Cecil, became a minister like their father, but was also Aretha's manager for a time. Their other brother, Vaughn, became a career Air Force pilot.

Aretha signed with Columbia Records after being discovered by legendary A&R man John Hammond. In the early 1960s, Franklin had a few popular songs, most notably "Rock-a-bye Your Baby with a Dixie Melody." Though Columbia really wanted her as a jazz singer, the results never gave full rein to Franklin's talents. Her greatest and most innovative work was yet to come.

Franklin had her first two sons around this time. Clarence, Jr. was born when she was 15 and Edward "Eddie" was born when she was 16. She dropped out of high school soon after the birth of her second son. Her grandmother took in her sons to help Aretha move on in her career.

After moving to Atlantic Records in 1967, Franklin teamed up with producers Jerry Wexler and Arif Mardin, resulting in some of the most influential R&B recordings of the 1960s, including "I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)", a much more soulful and impassioned song than most of her earlier work. By the late 1960s, Franklin had earned the nickname "The Queen of Soul", having become an internationally famous artist and a symbol of pride for the Black community. Franklin said herself of this period, "When I went to Atlantic, they just sat me down at the piano and the hits started coming."

She released numerous Top Ten hits in the late 1960s and early 1970s, dabbling in gospel music, blues music, pop music, psychedelic music and rock and roll, including notable covers of songs by The Beatles ("Eleanor Rigby"), The Band ("The Weight"), Simon & Garfunkel ("Bridge Over Troubled Water"), Sam Cooke and The Drifters. Live at Fillmore West and Amazing Grace were two of her most influential full-length releases, the latter a double LP of live gospel music recorded in a Los Angeles Baptist church. Surprisingly she never made it to number one in the UK pop charts — the best result being a number four with her version of Burt Bacharach's "I Say a Little Prayer" in 1968.

Among her most successful hit singles from this era were "Chain of Fools", "You Make Me Feel (Like a Natural Woman)", "Think", "Baby I Love You", "The House That Jack Built", and "Respect", a cover of an Otis Redding single which became her signature song. After the Best Female R&B Vocal Performance category was added to the Grammy Awards in 1968, she won successively the first eight ever awarded trophies in the category (from 1968-1975) and added three more to her collection in the 1980s.

Franklin married Ted White in 1962 and he became her manager during her years with Columbia Records. They had one son, Theodore "Teddy" White, Jr. (b. 1969). The marriage ended in 1969 and she has always refused to answer questions about it. A Time Magazine cover story in 1968 led to a lawsuit from Ted White over allegations that he had roughed her up in public. The affair made her guard her private life even more jealously and she gave no interviews for several years after that.

In the early 1970s, her music mellowed slightly, though losing nothing of its power, and she continued the hugely successful relationship with Wexler and Mardin while beginning to take a greater role in producing her work. A partnership with Quincy Jones led to a disappointing album in 1973 Hey Now Hey (The Other Side of the Sky). But it still produced a standout track "Angel", written by her sister Carolyn which became a soul classic.

She returned to working with Wexler, but their last collaboration, the Atlantic LP You was released in 1975.

Franklin released several LPs after You including Sparkle in 1976 which yielded a #1 R&B single, "(Giving Him) Something He Can Feel", Sweet Passion, Almighty Fire (also produced by Curtis Mayfield) and La Diva, her last Atlantic LP.

Wexler had now left Atlantic and the partnership was over. Despite working with artists of the stature of Curtis Mayfield, popularity and critical success waned during the mid to late 1970s and the 1980s, though she scored several hits, often with partners (such as Luther Vandross). Her most notable 1980s hit was the dance song "Freeway of Love", which charted in 1985. Most critics dismiss her post-Atlantic material as far inferior to the legendary recordings of the mid to late sixties.

Franklin stepped in at the last minute to sing the standard aria Nessun Dorma (from Puccini's Turandot) at the 1998 Grammy telecast when Luciano Pavarotti took ill.Also, she won her 18th Grammy for her song "Wonderful" in 2004.(That number including her lifetime achievement grammy).

She lives today in Detroit when not on tour. Because of her hometown roots, she joined Aaron Neville and Dr. John in performing the national anthem prior to Super Bowl XL on February 5, 2006, along with a 150-piece choir to conclude a pre-game tribute to nine-time championship game host city New Orleans, recovering and rebuilding after the plight of Hurricane Katrina.

Trivia

• Aretha Franklin was sued for breach of contract in 1984 when she was unable to star in the Broadway musical Sing, Mahalia, Sing, (based on the life of gospel legend Mahalia Jackson) mainly because of her fear of flying.
• She was inducted into the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame in 2001.
• In 1969 Aretha was arrested for disturbing the peace in Detroit.
• Aretha frequently invites fellow soul singer Chaka Khan, reportedly one of her favorites, to sing at her birthday parties.
• Sang "America the Beautiful" at WrestleMania III.
• She was married to veteran character actor Glynn Turman from 1978 to 1984.
• In 2006 Aretha Franklin's Grammy total rose to 17 with a best traditional R&B vocal award for "A House Is Not a Home," a track from the Luther Vandross tribute "So Amazing."

Awards and achievements

• On January 3, 1987 she became the first woman to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
• In September, 1999 she was awarded The National Medal of Arts by President Clinton
• In 2005, she was awarded The Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Bush
• In 2005 she became the second woman to be inducted into the UK Music Hall Of Fame.

Grammy Awards

Aretha Franklin has won 17 Grammy Awards in total during her 45 year career, and currently holds the record for most Best Female R&B Vocal Performance wins with 11 to her name (including eight consecutive awards from 1968-1975).

Discography

For a detailed account of Aretha Franklin releases, see the Aretha Franklin discography.

Notable albums:

Top 10 US Hot 100 singles:

Filmography

• The Blues Brothers (1980)
• Blues Brothers 2000 (1998)
• Immaculate Funk (2000) (documentary)
• Tom Dowd & the Language of Music (2003) (documentary)
• Singing in the Shadow: The Children of Rock Royalty (2003) (documentary)8*

See also

• List of best-selling music artists
• List of number-one hits (United States)
• List of artists who reached number one on the Hot 100 (U.S.)
• List of number-one dance hits (United States)
• List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. Dance chart

External links

• Official site
• Aretha Franklin Online Fansite
• Aretha Franklin at IMDb
• Template:Nndb name
• Aretha Franklin at Memorable Music Hall of Fame
• Aretha Franklin at Soulmusic.com
• Aretha Franklin at Swingin' 60's Chicks
• BBC article on Aretha Franklin

1. [http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1999/07/13/DD88224.DTL&type=music

• 1942 births
• African American musicians
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• African Americans
• American female singers
• American R&B singers
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• Living people
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• People from Tennessee
• Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
• R&B musicians
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• Soul musicians
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