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{{About|the sovereign state declared in 2014|the autonomous republic claimed by the Ukraine|Autonomous Republic of Crimea|the peninsula|Crimean Peninsula|Crimea|Crimea (disambiguation)}} | |||
#REDIRECT ] | |||
{{mergeto|Republic of Crimea|date=March 2014}} | |||
{{Infobox Former Country | |||
|p1=Autonomous Republic of Crimea | |||
|flag_p1=Flag of Ukraine.svg | |||
|p2=Sevastopol#After_the_Soviet_collapse | |||
|flag_p2=Flag of Ukraine.svg | |||
|s1=Republic of Crimea | |||
|flag_s1=Flag of Russia.svg | |||
|s2=Sevastopol | |||
|flag_s2=Flag of Russia.svg | |||
|year_start=2014 | |||
|year_end=2014 | |||
|continent=Europe | |||
|conventional_long_name=Republic of Crimea | |||
|native_name=Республика Крым<br/>Къырым Джумхуриети<br/>Республіка Крим | |||
|common_name=Republic of Crimea | |||
|government_type=]<ref name="KrimRada" /> | |||
|legislature=] | |||
|event_start = ] | |||
|date_start = 11 March | |||
|event1=] | |||
|date_event1=16 March 2014 | |||
|event2=] | |||
|date_event2=17 March 2014<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/03/17/world/europe/ukraine-crisis/|title=Crimea votes to break from Ukraine, join Russia. What happens next?|publisher=CNN|date=March 17, 2014|accessdate=March 17, 2014|author=Marie-Louise Gumuchian|quote=On Monday, lawmakers in Crimea approved a resolution that declared the Black Sea peninsula an independent, sovereign state. They then filed an appeal to join the Russian Federation.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://rt.com/news/crimea-referendum-results-official-250/|title=Crimea votes to join Russian Federation: 96.77% say YES|publisher=RT|quote=Crimea was declared an independent sovereign state, the Republic of Crimea, on Monday, the autonomous Ukrainian regional parliament's website stated. The Supreme Council of Crimea unanimously voted to integrate of the region into Russia.}}</ref> | |||
|event3=] | |||
|date_event3= 17 March 2014 | |||
|event4 = ] | |||
|date_event4= 18 March 2014<ref name="interpretermag"/><ref name="ft"/><ref name="tass"/> | |||
|event_end = Ratification | |||
|date_end= 21 March | |||
|image_flag=Flag of Crimea.svg | |||
|flag=Flag of Crimea | |||
|image_coat=Emblem of Crimea.svg | |||
|symbol=Coat of arms of Crimea | |||
|image_map=RepublicOfCrimeaEuropeMap.png | |||
|image_map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=green|countryprefix=the|country=Crimean peninsula|region=Europe|region_color=none}} | |||
|capital=]<br><small>{{Coord|44|57|N|34|06|E}}</small> | |||
|national_motto = {{native phrase|ru|"Процветание в единстве"|italics=off}}<br/>'']''{{nbsp|2}}{{small|(])<br/>"Prosperity in unity"}} | |||
|national_anthem = {{native name|ru|"]"|italics=off|nolink=on}}<br/>''Nivy i gory tvoi volshebny, Rodina''{{nbsp|2}}{{small|(transliteration)<br/>''Your fields and mountains are magical, Motherland''}} | |||
|common_languages = {{plainlist| | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
}} | |||
|stat_year1 = Total | |||
|stat_area1 = 26100 | |||
|stat_year2 = 2007 | |||
|stat_pop2 = 2352385 | |||
|stat_area2 = 26100 | |||
|footnotes = <big>{{nowrap|'''Today claimed by'''{{spaces|2}}{{flag|Russia}} & {{flag|Ukraine}}}}</big> | |||
|width=265px | |||
}} | |||
The '''Republic of Crimea''' ({{lang-ru|Республика Крым}}; ]: Къырым Джумхуриети, ''Qırım Cumhuriyeti''; {{lang-ua|Республіка Крим}}) was a ], ] ] that claimed the entirety of the ] in the ], south of ] and west of southern ]. The country was established for a little more than a day as a result of the ],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26621726|agency=BBC News|title=Russia's Vladimir Putin recognises Crimea as nation|date=17 March 2014|accessdate=22 March 2014}}</ref> before it was ] as one of ].<ref name="interpretermag">{{cite news|url=http://www.interpretermag.com/ukraine-liveblog-day-29-russia-annexes-crimea/|agency=The Interpreter|title=Ukraine Liveblog Day 29: Russia Annexes Crimea|date=18 March 2014|accessdate=22 March 2014}}</ref><ref name="ft">{{cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/d93e4c7c-ae6d-11e3-8e41-00144feab7de.html#axzz2winQoxV2|agency=Financial Times|title=Vladimir Putin signs treaty to annex Crimea|date=18 March 2014|accessdate=22 March 2014}}</ref><ref name="tass">{{cite news|url=http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/724785|agency=ITAR-TASS|title=Putin signs laws on reunification of Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol with Russia|date=21 March 2014|accessdate=22 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/19/world/europe/ukraine.html?hpw&rref=world|agency=The New York Times|title=Putin Reclaims Crimea for Russia and Bitterly Denounces the West|date=18 March 2014|accessdate=22 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/world/1.580468|agency=Haaretz|title=Putin signs treaty making Crimea, Sevastopol part of Russia|date=18 March 2014|accessdate=22 March 2014}}</ref> The incorporation of Crimea into Russia was not generally recognized internationally. | |||
The country was formed as the unification of the ] and the city of ]—recognized internationally as ]—into a single united nation. Both regions had previously adopted a joint resolution ], as well as a resolution expressing their intention to unite with Russia. For this purpose, both governments had called for ]. While the majority of those voting in the controversial referendum voted for independence from Ukraine, internationally the legitimacy and impartiality of the vote was not recognized, particularly since it took place in a situation of a purported Russian occupation of the peninsula. One day after the referendum, both regions united and declared their independence as a single nation. Russia recognized the sovereignty of the newly formed nation the same day.<ref>http://en.ria.ru/russia/20140317/188525924/Russia-Recognizes-Crimeas-Independence.html</ref> The republic applied to join the Russian Federation as ] at the same time its leaders declared independence,<ref>{{cite web|title=Ukraine 'will never accept' Crimea annexation, President says|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/03/17/world/europe/ukraine-crisis/index.html?hpt=hp_t2|publisher=CNN|accessdate=17 March 2014}}</ref> and Russian authorities quickly started the process of admitting Crimea and Sevastopol.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ukraine crisis: Putin signs Russia-Crimea treaty|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-26630062|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=18 March 2014}}</ref> | |||
On March 21, 2014 the Russian ] ratified the ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/724749|title=Russian Federation Council ratifies treaty on Crimea’s entry to Russia|publisher=]|date=21 March 2014 |accessdate=March 21, 2014}}</ref> and ] ] signed the treaty into effect that same day, with the accession backdated to March 18.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/724785|title=Putin signs laws on reunification of Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol with Russia|publisher=]|date=21 March 2014 |accessdate=March 21, 2014}}</ref> | |||
], along with ], did not recognize the Republic of Crimea's claim to sovereignty, nor the unification of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea with Sevastopol, nor the referendum that paved the way for Crimean secession. | |||
==History== | |||
{{main|History of Crimea}} | |||
Formerly annexed by the ], Crimea was reoccupied by the ] in 1921 and was granted the status of autonomous republic. After the ] in 1945 the Soviet authorities ] the indigenous population of ] and the autonomous status of the region was stripped. In 1954, the ] of the ] ] the region to Ukraine. Ukraine restored Crimea's ] in 1991 and allowed all Crimean Tatars to return. Crimea's autonomous status was further reiterated in 1996 with the ratification of Ukraine's ], which declared Crimea to be the "Autonomous Republic of Crimea", but also an "inseparable constituent part of Ukraine."<ref name="Wikisource">{{cite web|title=Constitution of Ukraine, 1996|url=https://en.wikisource.org/Constitution_of_Ukraine,_1996|accessdate=March 12, 2014}}</ref> | |||
On March 11, 2014, amidst the ], the ] and the ] City Council ] to ] from Ukraine.<ref name="KrimRada">{{cite web|title=Парламент Крыма принял Декларацию о независимости АРК и г. Севастополя|url=http://www.rada.crimea.ua/news/11_03_2014_1|publisher=Государственный Совет Республики Крым|accessdate=18 March 2014|date=11 March 2014}}</ref> The document specifically mentioned ] in the lead part.<ref name="KrimRada" /> | |||
The declaration was done in an attempt to legitimize a ] where citizens were to vote on whether Crimea should apply to join Russia as a ], or remain part of Ukraine. | |||
==Referendum== | |||
{{main|Crimean referendum, 2014}} | |||
On March 16, 2014, a large majority (reported as 95% of those who voted) voted in favour of independence of Crimea from Ukraine and joining Russia as a federal subject.<ref name=autogenerated2></ref><ref></ref> The BBC reported that most of the Crimean Tatars that they interviewed were boycotting the vote.<ref name=autogenerated2 /> Prime Minister ] stated that 40% of Crimean Tatars took part in the referendum, and according to Russian state media, polling data showed a majority of Tatars in Sevastopol voted to join Russia, with a turnout of over 50% in the city.<ref>{{cite news|title=About 40% of Crimean Tatars take part in Crimean referendum – Prime Minister|url=http://en.itar-tass.com/world/723832|accessdate=March 16, 2014|newspaper=ITAR-TASS|date=March 16, 2014}}</ref> The ], ] and the ] condemned the vote as illegal.<ref name=autogenerated2 /><ref></ref> | |||
After the referendum, Crimean lawmakers formally voted both to secede from Ukraine and ask for membership in the Russian Federation. The Sevastopol City Council, however, requested the port's separate admission as a ].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/18/world/europe/european-union-ukraine.html?hpw&rref=world&_r=0|agency=The New York Times|title=Lawmakers in Crimea Move Swiftly to Split From Ukraine|date=17 March 2014|accessdate=17 March 2014}}</ref> | |||
==International recognition== | |||
{{main|International recognition of the Republic of Crimea}} | |||
As of March 18, the only UN state to recognize the Republic of Crimea's independence was ].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://eng.kremlin.ru/news/6884|agency=Kremlin|title=Executive Order on recognising Republic of Crimea|date=17 March 2014|accessdate=17 March 2014}}</ref> | |||
On March 18, 2014, Russia and Crimea signed a treaty of accession of the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol in the Russian Federation following President Putin’s address to the Parliament. The treaty will enter into force upon ratification.<ref>http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/724537</ref> During the transition period which will last till January 1, 2015, both sides will resolve the issues of integration of the new subjects “in the economic, financial, credit and legal system of the Russian Federation.”<ref name=annexation>{{cite news| url=http://rt.com/news/putin-include-crimea-sevastopol-russia-578/ | work=Russia Today | title=Treaty to accept Crimea, Sevastopol to Russian Federation signed | date=March 18, 2014}}</ref> | |||
On March 23, 2014, Belarus recognized Crimea as de-facto part of ]. <ref>{{cite news| url=http://rt.com/news/belarus-crimea-part-russia-657/ | work=Russia Today | title=Belarusian president: Crimea is de-facto part of Russia | date=March 23, 2014}}</ref> | |||
==See also== | |||
{{Portal|Crimea|Russia}} | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist|2}} | |||
==External links== | |||
* {{URL|http://crimea.ru}} | |||
{{2014 Crimean crisis}} | |||
{{Countries of Europe}} | |||
{{Countries bordering the Black Sea}} | |||
{{States with limited recognition}} | |||
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2014}} | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
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Revision as of 20:12, 23 March 2014
This redirect is about the sovereign state declared in 2014. For the autonomous republic claimed by the Ukraine, see Autonomous Republic of Crimea. For the peninsula, see Crimean Peninsula. For Crimea, see Crimea (disambiguation).It has been suggested that this article be merged into Republic of Crimea. (Discuss) Proposed since March 2014. |
Republic of CrimeaРеспублика Крым Къырым Джумхуриети Республіка Крим | |||||||||||||
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2014–2014 | |||||||||||||
Flag Coat of arms | |||||||||||||
Motto: "Процветание в единстве" (Russian) Protsvetanie v yedinstve (transliteration) "Prosperity in unity" | |||||||||||||
Anthem: "Нивы и горы твои волшебны, Родина" (Russian) Nivy i gory tvoi volshebny, Rodina (transliteration) Your fields and mountains are magical, Motherland | |||||||||||||
Location of the Crimean peninsula (green) in Europe | |||||||||||||
Capital | Simferopol 44°57′N 34°06′E / 44.950°N 34.100°E / 44.950; 34.100 | ||||||||||||
Common languages | |||||||||||||
Government | Republic | ||||||||||||
Legislature | Crimean Parliament | ||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||
• Letter of intent | 11 March 2014 | ||||||||||||
• Referendum | 16 March 2014 | ||||||||||||
• Declaration of Independence | 17 March 2014 | ||||||||||||
• Recognition by Russia | 17 March 2014 | ||||||||||||
• Accession to Russia | 18 March 2014 | ||||||||||||
• Ratification | 21 March 2014 | ||||||||||||
Area | |||||||||||||
Total | 26,100 km (10,100 sq mi) | ||||||||||||
2007 | 26,100 km (10,100 sq mi) | ||||||||||||
Population | |||||||||||||
• 2007 | 2,352,385 | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
Today claimed by Russia & Ukraine |
The Republic of Crimea (Template:Lang-ru; Crimean Tatar: Къырым Джумхуриети, Qırım Cumhuriyeti; Template:Lang-ua) was a short-lived, partially recognized sovereign state that claimed the entirety of the Crimean Peninsula in the Black Sea, south of Ukraine and west of southern Russia. The country was established for a little more than a day as a result of the 2014 Crimean referendum, before it was joined to Russia as one of its republics. The incorporation of Crimea into Russia was not generally recognized internationally.
The country was formed as the unification of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol—recognized internationally as administrative divisions of Ukraine—into a single united nation. Both regions had previously adopted a joint resolution expressing their intention to declare independence, as well as a resolution expressing their intention to unite with Russia. For this purpose, both governments had called for a referendum. While the majority of those voting in the controversial referendum voted for independence from Ukraine, internationally the legitimacy and impartiality of the vote was not recognized, particularly since it took place in a situation of a purported Russian occupation of the peninsula. One day after the referendum, both regions united and declared their independence as a single nation. Russia recognized the sovereignty of the newly formed nation the same day. The republic applied to join the Russian Federation as a federal subject at the same time its leaders declared independence, and Russian authorities quickly started the process of admitting Crimea and Sevastopol.
On March 21, 2014 the Russian Federation Council ratified the accession treaty, and President Vladimir Putin signed the treaty into effect that same day, with the accession backdated to March 18.
The recently installed government of Ukraine, along with all sovereign states except Russia, did not recognize the Republic of Crimea's claim to sovereignty, nor the unification of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea with Sevastopol, nor the referendum that paved the way for Crimean secession.
History
Main article: History of CrimeaFormerly annexed by the Russian Empire, Crimea was reoccupied by the Soviet Russia in 1921 and was granted the status of autonomous republic. After the World War II in 1945 the Soviet authorities deported the indigenous population of Crimean Tatars and the autonomous status of the region was stripped. In 1954, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union transferred the region to Ukraine. Ukraine restored Crimea's autonomous status in 1991 and allowed all Crimean Tatars to return. Crimea's autonomous status was further reiterated in 1996 with the ratification of Ukraine's current constitution, which declared Crimea to be the "Autonomous Republic of Crimea", but also an "inseparable constituent part of Ukraine."
On March 11, 2014, amidst the 2014 Crimean crisis, the Crimean parliament and the Sevastopol City Council issued a letter of intent to unilaterally declare independence from Ukraine. The document specifically mentioned Kosovo as a precedent in the lead part.
The declaration was done in an attempt to legitimize a referendum on the status of Crimea where citizens were to vote on whether Crimea should apply to join Russia as a federal subject of the Russian Federation, or remain part of Ukraine.
Referendum
Main article: Crimean referendum, 2014On March 16, 2014, a large majority (reported as 95% of those who voted) voted in favour of independence of Crimea from Ukraine and joining Russia as a federal subject. The BBC reported that most of the Crimean Tatars that they interviewed were boycotting the vote. Prime Minister Sergey Aksyonov stated that 40% of Crimean Tatars took part in the referendum, and according to Russian state media, polling data showed a majority of Tatars in Sevastopol voted to join Russia, with a turnout of over 50% in the city. The European Union, Japan and the United States condemned the vote as illegal.
After the referendum, Crimean lawmakers formally voted both to secede from Ukraine and ask for membership in the Russian Federation. The Sevastopol City Council, however, requested the port's separate admission as a federal city.
International recognition
Main article: International recognition of the Republic of CrimeaAs of March 18, the only UN state to recognize the Republic of Crimea's independence was Russia.
On March 18, 2014, Russia and Crimea signed a treaty of accession of the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol in the Russian Federation following President Putin’s address to the Parliament. The treaty will enter into force upon ratification. During the transition period which will last till January 1, 2015, both sides will resolve the issues of integration of the new subjects “in the economic, financial, credit and legal system of the Russian Federation.”
On March 23, 2014, Belarus recognized Crimea as de-facto part of Russia.
See also
- Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Crimea
- International recognition of the Republic of Crimea
- Kosovo independence precedent
- List of shortest-lived sovereign states
References
- ^ "Парламент Крыма принял Декларацию о независимости АРК и г. Севастополя". Государственный Совет Республики Крым. March 11, 2014. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
- Marie-Louise Gumuchian (March 17, 2014). "Crimea votes to break from Ukraine, join Russia. What happens next?". CNN. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
On Monday, lawmakers in Crimea approved a resolution that declared the Black Sea peninsula an independent, sovereign state. They then filed an appeal to join the Russian Federation.
- "Crimea votes to join Russian Federation: 96.77% say YES". RT.
Crimea was declared an independent sovereign state, the Republic of Crimea, on Monday, the autonomous Ukrainian regional parliament's website stated. The Supreme Council of Crimea unanimously voted to integrate of the region into Russia.
- ^ "Ukraine Liveblog Day 29: Russia Annexes Crimea". The Interpreter. March 18, 2014. Retrieved March 22, 2014.
- ^ "Vladimir Putin signs treaty to annex Crimea". Financial Times. March 18, 2014. Retrieved March 22, 2014.
- ^ "Putin signs laws on reunification of Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol with Russia". ITAR-TASS. March 21, 2014. Retrieved March 22, 2014.
- "Russia's Vladimir Putin recognises Crimea as nation". BBC News. March 17, 2014. Retrieved March 22, 2014.
- "Putin Reclaims Crimea for Russia and Bitterly Denounces the West". The New York Times. March 18, 2014. Retrieved March 22, 2014.
- "Putin signs treaty making Crimea, Sevastopol part of Russia". Haaretz. March 18, 2014. Retrieved March 22, 2014.
- http://en.ria.ru/russia/20140317/188525924/Russia-Recognizes-Crimeas-Independence.html
- "Ukraine 'will never accept' Crimea annexation, President says". CNN. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
- "Ukraine crisis: Putin signs Russia-Crimea treaty". BBC News. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
- "Russian Federation Council ratifies treaty on Crimea's entry to Russia". ITAR TASS. March 21, 2014. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
- "Putin signs laws on reunification of Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol with Russia". ITAR TASS. March 21, 2014. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
- "Constitution of Ukraine, 1996". Retrieved March 12, 2014.
- ^ BBC News - Crimea referendum: Voters 'back Russia union'
- Crimeans vote over 90 percent to quit Ukraine for Russia | Reuters
- "About 40% of Crimean Tatars take part in Crimean referendum – Prime Minister". ITAR-TASS. March 16, 2014. Retrieved March 16, 2014.
- Japan does not recognise Crimea vote - govt spokesman | Reuters
- "Lawmakers in Crimea Move Swiftly to Split From Ukraine". The New York Times. March 17, 2014. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
- "Executive Order on recognising Republic of Crimea". Kremlin. March 17, 2014. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
- http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/724537
- "Treaty to accept Crimea, Sevastopol to Russian Federation signed". Russia Today. March 18, 2014.
- "Belarusian president: Crimea is de-facto part of Russia". Russia Today. March 23, 2014.
External links
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Disputed statehood — partial international recognition, but considered by most countries to be Georgian territory. |
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Details concerning international recognition and foreign relations provided by the articles linked in parentheses | |||||
UN member states |
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UN specialized agency members or GA observer state |
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Categories:
- Articles to be merged from March 2014
- 2014 Crimean crisis
- Disputed territories in Europe
- Politics of Crimea
- Russian-speaking countries and territories
- States and territories established in 2014
- Former unrecognized countries
- Secession in Ukraine
- Former countries in Europe
- States and territories disestablished in 2014