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== A == == A ==
*] (1355 or 1356, Nile Delta, Egypt–1418) writer and mathematician *] (1355 or 1356, Nile Delta, Egypt–1418), writer and mathematician
*] (1162, Baghdad–Iraq–1231) physician, historian and Egyptologist *] (1162, Baghdad–Iraq–1231), physician, historian and Egyptologist
*] - See ] (1085–1138) polymath *] - See ] (1085–1138), polymath
*] - See ] (936–1013) philosopher, doctor and dentist *] - See ] (936–1013), philosopher, doctor and dentist
*] (10th century, Baghdad,Iraq) writer and traveler; member of an embassy of the Caliph of Baghdad to the Volga Bulgars *] (10th century, Baghdad,Iraq), writer and traveler; member of an embassy of the Caliph of Baghdad to the Volga Bulgars
*] (1432, Ras al-Khaimah, Oman–1500,?) navigator and poet *] (1432, Ras al-Khaimah, Oman–1500,?), navigator and poet
*] (835, Baghdad–912, Egypt) ] *] (835, Baghdad–912, Egypt), ]
*] (9th century) *] (9th century)
*] (c. 988, Giza, Egypt–1061, Egypt) astronomer and geometer with ] *] (c. 988, Giza, Egypt–1061, Egypt), astronomer and geometer with ]
*] (739, Basra, Iraq–831, Basra, Iraq) pioneer of ], ] and ] *] (739, Basra, Iraq–831, Basra, Iraq), pioneer of ], ] and ]
*] - See ] (1105–1185) writer, novelist, Islamic philosopher, Islamic theologian, physician, astronomer, vizier, and court official. *] - See ] (1105–1185), writer, novelist, Islamic philosopher, Islamic theologian, physician, astronomer, vizier, and court official
*] - See ] *]
*] - See ] *]


== B == == B ==
*] (980, Baghdad, Iraq–1037) arithmetic *] (980, Baghdad, Iraq–1037), arithmetic
*] (?, Basra, Iraq–1013, Basra, Iraq) theologian, scholar, and Maliki lawyer *] (?, Basra, Iraq–1013, Basra, Iraq), theologian, scholar, and Maliki lawyer
*] (850, Harran, Turkey–929, Qasr al-Jiss, Iraq) astronomer and mathematician *] (850, Harran, Turkey–929, Qasr al-Jiss, Iraq), astronomer and mathematician


== D == == D ==
*] (837, Basra, Iraq–934, Baghdad, Iraq) ], ], poet, and ] *] (837, Basra, Iraq–934, Baghdad, Iraq), ], ], poet, and ]


== G == == G ==
*] (Feary 2, 1928–April 17, 1993) geographer *] (Feary 2, 1928–April 17, 1993), geographer


== H == == H ==


*] (Abû l-Hasan 'Alî ibn Abî l-Rijâl) (?–1037, Kairouan, Tunisia) ], best known for his ''Kitāb al-bāri' fi ahkām an-nujūm'' *] (Abû l-Hasan 'Alî ibn Abî l-Rijâl) (?–1037, Kairouan, Tunisia), ], best known for his ''Kitāb al-bāri' fi ahkām an-nujūm''
*] (943, Baghdad,Iraq–969,?) writer, geographer, and chronicler *] (943, Baghdad,Iraq–969,?), writer, geographer, and chronicler
*] (born 1935 in Cairo, Egypt) professor and chair of philosophy at Cairo University *] (born 1935 in Cairo, Egypt), professor and chair of philosophy at Cairo University
*] (786–833) mathematician *] (786–833), mathematician
*] (722–804) chemist *] (722–804), chemist
*] (893, Yemen–945, Sanaa, Yemen) geographer, historian and astronomer *] (893, Yemen–945, Sanaa, Yemen), geographer, historian and astronomer
*] (1122, Baghdad, Iraq–1213) physician, scientist and author of a medical compendium *] (1122, Baghdad, Iraq–1213), physician, scientist and author of a medical compendium
*] (Mecca, SaudiArabia) medical scientist, She is famous for making major contributions to point-of-care medical testing and biotechnology *] (Mecca, SaudiArabia), medical scientist, known for making major contributions to point-of-care medical testing and biotechnology


== I == == I ==
*] '''اخوان الصفا وخلان الوفا''' (The Brethren of Purity) (], Iraq), a group of ] Arabic philosophers of the 10th century *] '''اخوان الصفا وخلان الوفا''' (The Brethren of Purity) (], Iraq), a group of ] Arabic philosophers of the 10th century
*] (1099, Ceuta, Maghreb–1166 CE, Sicily) ] and ] *] (1099, Ceuta, Maghreb–1166 CE, Sicily), ] and ]
*] (died AD 735) earliest known grammarian of the ] *] (died AD 735), earliest known grammarian of the ]


== J == == J ==
*] (1100, Seville, Spain–1160, ?) influential astronomer and mathematician *] (1100, Seville, Spain–1160, ?), influential astronomer and mathematician
*] (989, Cordoba, Spain–1079, Jaen, Spain) mathematician and author *] (989, Cordoba, Spain–1079, Jaen, Spain), mathematician and author
*] (1136–1206) described 100 mechanical device *] (1136–1206), described 100 mechanical device
*] (821–915) polymath who is considered the father of chemistry. He emphasized systematic experimentation, and did much to free alchemy from superstition and turn it into a science. *] (821–915), polymath who is considered the father of chemistry; emphasized systematic experimentation, and did much to free alchemy from superstition and turn it into a science
*] (10th century, Qairwan, Tunis) influential 10th-century physician and author *] (10th century, Qairwan, Tunis), influential 10th-century physician and author
*] (776, Basra, Iraq–869, Basra, Iraq) ], ] and author *] (776, Basra, Iraq–869, Basra, Iraq), ], ] and author
*], Abu Alabbas (ca. 800–860) ] *], Abu Alabbas (ca. 800–860), ]
*] (1145, Valencia, Spain–1217, Egypt) geographer, traveller and poet, known for his detailed travel journals *] (1145, Valencia, Spain–1217, Egypt), geographer, traveller and poet, known for his detailed travel journals


== K == == K ==
*] (1320, Damascus, Syria–1380, Damascus, Syria) astronomer who compiled extensive tables for astronomical use *] (1320, Damascus, Syria–1380, Damascus, Syria), astronomer who compiled extensive tables for astronomical use
*] (c. 718, Oman–c. 791) writer and ], compiled the first dictionary of the ], the ''Kitab al-Ayn'' *] (c. 718, Oman–c. 791), writer and ], compiled the first dictionary of the ], the ''Kitab al-Ayn''
⚫ *] (1985, Amman, Jordan–present), ] professor at California Institute of technology
*] (c. 801, Kufa, Iraq–873, Bahgdad, Iraq) ], ], ], ] and ] *] (c. 801, Kufa, Iraq–873, Bahgdad, Iraq), ], ], ], ] and ]
*] (May 27, 1332, Tunis–March 19, 1406, Cairo, Egypt) *] (May 27, 1332, Tunis–March 19, 1406, Cairo, Egypt)


== L == == L ==
*] (c. 560–c. 661) Arabian poet. *] (c. 560–c. 661), Arabian poet


== M == == M ==
*] *]
*] ( ?, Baghdad, Iraq–957, Cairo, Egypt) historian, geographer and philosopher, traveled to Spain, Russia, India, ] and China, spent his last years in ] and ] *] ( ?, Baghdad, Iraq–957, Cairo, Egypt), historian, geographer and philosopher, traveled to Spain, Russia, India, ] and China, spent his last years in ] and ]
*], (d. 1008 or 1007 CE), was an Arab Muslim scholar and ] in Spain *], (d. 1008 or 1007 CE), Arab Muslim scholar and ] in Spain
*] (December 26, 973–May 10 or May 21, 1057, Ma'arra (المعرة) in ]) blind Arab ], poet and writer *] (December 26, 973–May 10 or May 21, 1057, Ma'arra (المعرة) in ]), blind Arab ], poet and writer
*], known in ] as '''Alboacen''', (972, Basra, Iraq–1058, Iraq) judge, diplomat, and author of influential works on governance and ethics *], known in ] as '''Alboacen''', (972, Basra, Iraq–1058, Iraq), judge, diplomat, and author of influential works on governance and ethics
*] (ca. 910, ?–1005, China) astronomer and astrologist, worked as the chief official of the astronomical observatory of the ] *] (ca. 910, ?–1005, China), astronomer and astrologist, worked as the chief official of the astronomical observatory of the ]
*] (946 CE, Jerusalem, Palestine–) medieval Arab ], author of ''Ahsan at-Taqasim fi Ma`rifat il-Aqalim'' (''The Best Divisions for Knowledge of the Regions'') *] (946 CE, Jerusalem, Palestine–), medieval Arab ], author of ''Ahsan at-Taqasim fi Ma`rifat il-Aqalim'' (''The Best Divisions for Knowledge of the Regions'')


== N == == N ==
*] (1213, Damascus, Syria–1288, Cairo, Egypt) ] and author, the first to describe ], compiled a medical encyclopedia and wrote numerous works on other subjects *] (1213, Damascus, Syria–1288, Cairo, Egypt), ] and author, the first to describe ], compiled a medical encyclopedia and wrote numerous works on other subjects
*] (Alpetragius)<ref>The ] crater on the Moon is named after this Arab astronomer.</ref> (?, Morocco–1204, Seville, Spain) ] and ] *] (Alpetragius) (?, Morocco–1204, Seville, Spain), ] and ]; the ] crater on the Moon is named after him


== O == == O ==
⚫ *] (1965, Amman, Jordan–Present) ] Professor at the University of California, Berkeley
⚫ *] (1985, Amman, Jordan–Present) ] Professor at California Institute of technology


== Q == == Q ==
* ] "(826, Harran, Turkey–902)" mathematician, physician, astronomer, and translator * ] (826, Harran, Turkey–902), mathematician, physician, astronomer, and translator


== S == == S ==
*] (March 3, 1917–August 5, 1952) *] (March 3, 1917–August 5, 1952)
*] (1304, Damascus–1375, Syria, Damascus) astronomer, mathematician, engineer and inventor, worked at the ] in Damascus, Syria, developed an original astronomical model *] (1304, Damascus–1375, Syria, Damascus), astronomer, mathematician, engineer and inventor, worked at the ] in Damascus, Syria, developed an original astronomical model


== T == == T ==
*] (?, Suhar, Oman–1033 CE, Valencia, Spain) ] and author of an encyclopedia of medicine *] (?, Suhar, Oman–1033 CE, Valencia, Spain), ] and author of an encyclopedia of medicine
*] (1105, Granada, Spain–1185, Marrakech, Morocco) Andalusian writer, novelist, Islamic philosopher, Islamic theologian, physician, astronomer, vizier, and court official. *] (1105, Granada, Spain–1185, Marrakech, Morocco), Andalusian writer, novelist, Islamic philosopher, Islamic theologian, physician, astronomer, vizier, and court official


== U == == U ==
*] (920, Damascus, Syria–980, Damascus, Syria) wrote two works on arithmetic, may have anticipated the invention of decimals *] (920, Damascus, Syria–980, Damascus, Syria), wrote two works on arithmetic, may have anticipated the invention of decimals
*] (1095–1188, Damascus, Syria), Arab historian, politician, and diplomat *] (1095–1188, Damascus, Syria), Arab historian, politician, and diplomat
*] (1203–1270, ], Syria) ] and ], wrote ''Uyun al-Anba fi Tabaqat al-Atibba'' (''Lives of the Physicians'') *] (1203–1270, ], Syria), ] and ], wrote ''Uyun al-Anba fi Tabaqat al-Atibba'' (''Lives of the Physicians'')
*] (1400, Spain–1489, Damascus, Syria) mathematician, wrote works on mensuration and arithmetic *] (1400, Spain–1489, Damascus, Syria), mathematician, wrote works on mensuration and arithmetic


== W == == W ==
*] (Yemen,?–Syria,Damscus,709) poet, famous for his erotic and romantic poems *] (Yemen,?–Syria,Damscus,709), poet, famous for his erotic and romantic poems


== Y == == Y ==
⚫ *] (1965, Amman, Jordan–present), ] professor at the University of California, Berkeley
* ] "(c. 950–1009) mathematician and astronomer * ] (c. 950–1009), mathematician and astronomer
* ] mathematician, wrote Kitab al-Istikmal (Book of Perfection) in mathematics * ] mathematician, wrote ''Kitab al-Istikmal'' (''Book of Perfection'') in mathematics


== Z == == Z ==
*] (936, Cordoba, Spain–1013, Cordoba, Spain) Islam's greatest medieval ], wrote comprehensive medical texts combining Middle-Eastern, Indian and Greco-Roman classical teachings, shaped European surgical procedures until the ], considered the "father of ]", wrote '']'', a thirty-volume collection of ] *] (936, Cordoba, Spain–1013, Cordoba, Spain), Islam's greatest medieval ], wrote comprehensive medical texts combining Middle-Eastern, Indian and Greco-Roman classical teachings, shaped European surgical procedures until the ], considered the "father of ]", wrote '']'', a thirty-volume collection of ]
*] (1028,Spain–1087,? CE) ], influential ], and instrument maker, contributed to the famous ] *] (1028,Spain–1087,? CE), ], influential ], and instrument maker, contributed to the famous ]
*] (1091, Seville, Spain–1161, Seville, Spain) prominent ] of the Medieval Islamic period *] (1091, Seville, Spain–1161, Seville, Spain), prominent ] of the Medieval Islamic period


== Notes == == Notes ==

Revision as of 17:37, 8 June 2016

This is a list of scientists and scholars from the Muslim World and Spain (Al-Andalus) who lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age, consisting primarily of scholars during the Middle Ages. In some cases, their exact ancestry is unclear.

Both the Arabic and Latin names are given. The following Muslim naming articles are not used for indexing:

  • Al - the
  • ibn, bin, banu - son of
  • abu - father of, the one with

To maintain consistency and keep the list easy to navigate, please follow the Entries Format for the List of Arab scientists and scholars on the Talk page when adding names.

Contents: 

A

B

  • Ibn Tahir al-Baghdadi (980, Baghdad, Iraq–1037), arithmetic
  • Al-Baqillani (?, Basra, Iraq–1013, Basra, Iraq), theologian, scholar, and Maliki lawyer
  • Al-Battani (850, Harran, Turkey–929, Qasr al-Jiss, Iraq), astronomer and mathematician

D

G

H

  • Haly Abenragel (Abû l-Hasan 'Alî ibn Abî l-Rijâl) (?–1037, Kairouan, Tunisia), astrologer, best known for his Kitāb al-bāri' fi ahkām an-nujūm
  • Ibn Hawqal (943, Baghdad,Iraq–969,?), writer, geographer, and chronicler
  • Hassan Hanafi (born 1935 in Cairo, Egypt), professor and chair of philosophy at Cairo University
  • Al-Hajjāj ibn Yūsuf ibn Matar (786–833), mathematician
  • Jabir ibn Hayyan (722–804), chemist
  • Abū Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdānī (893, Yemen–945, Sanaa, Yemen), geographer, historian and astronomer
  • Ibn Hubal (1122, Baghdad, Iraq–1213), physician, scientist and author of a medical compendium
  • Hayat Sindi (Mecca, SaudiArabia), medical scientist, known for making major contributions to point-of-care medical testing and biotechnology

I

J

  • Jabir ibn Aflah (1100, Seville, Spain–1160, ?), influential astronomer and mathematician
  • Al-Jayyani (989, Cordoba, Spain–1079, Jaen, Spain), mathematician and author
  • al-Jazari (1136–1206), described 100 mechanical device
  • Jābir ibn Hayyān (821–915), polymath who is considered the father of chemistry; emphasized systematic experimentation, and did much to free alchemy from superstition and turn it into a science
  • Ibn Al-Jazzar (10th century, Qairwan, Tunis), influential 10th-century physician and author
  • Al-Jahiz (776, Basra, Iraq–869, Basra, Iraq), historian, biologist and author
  • Al-Jawhari, Abu Alabbas (ca. 800–860), mathematician
  • Ibn Jubayr (1145, Valencia, Spain–1217, Egypt), geographer, traveller and poet, known for his detailed travel journals

K

L

M

  • Mostafa El-Sayed
  • Al-Masudi ( ?, Baghdad, Iraq–957, Cairo, Egypt), historian, geographer and philosopher, traveled to Spain, Russia, India, Sri Lanka and China, spent his last years in Syria and Egypt
  • Maslamah Ibn Ahmad al-Majriti, (d. 1008 or 1007 CE), Arab Muslim scholar and astronomer in Spain
  • Al-Ma'arri (December 26, 973–May 10 or May 21, 1057, Ma'arra (المعرة) in Syria), blind Arab philosopher, poet and writer
  • Al-Mawardi, known in Latin as Alboacen, (972, Basra, Iraq–1058, Iraq), judge, diplomat, and author of influential works on governance and ethics
  • Ma Yize (ca. 910, ?–1005, China), astronomer and astrologist, worked as the chief official of the astronomical observatory of the Song dynasty
  • Muhammad Al-Muqaddasi (946 CE, Jerusalem, Palestine–), medieval Arab geographer, author of Ahsan at-Taqasim fi Ma`rifat il-Aqalim (The Best Divisions for Knowledge of the Regions)

N

O

Q

  • Thābit ibn Qurra (826, Harran, Turkey–902), mathematician, physician, astronomer, and translator

S

  • Sameera Moussa (March 3, 1917–August 5, 1952)
  • Ibn al-Shatir (1304, Damascus–1375, Syria, Damascus), astronomer, mathematician, engineer and inventor, worked at the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, Syria, developed an original astronomical model

T

  • Ibn Al-Thahabi (?, Suhar, Oman–1033 CE, Valencia, Spain), physician and author of an encyclopedia of medicine
  • Ibn Tufail (1105, Granada, Spain–1185, Marrakech, Morocco), Andalusian writer, novelist, Islamic philosopher, Islamic theologian, physician, astronomer, vizier, and court official

U

  • Al-Uqlidisi (920, Damascus, Syria–980, Damascus, Syria), wrote two works on arithmetic, may have anticipated the invention of decimals
  • Usamah ibn Munqidh (1095–1188, Damascus, Syria), Arab historian, politician, and diplomat
  • Ibn Abi Usaibia (1203–1270, Damascus, Syria), physician and historian, wrote Uyun al-Anba fi Tabaqat al-Atibba (Lives of the Physicians)
  • Al-Umawi (1400, Spain–1489, Damascus, Syria), mathematician, wrote works on mensuration and arithmetic

W

  • Waddah al-Yaman (Yemen,?–Syria,Damscus,709), poet, famous for his erotic and romantic poems

Y

  • Omar M. Yaghi (1965, Amman, Jordan–present), chemistry professor at the University of California, Berkeley
  • Ibn Yunus (c. 950–1009), mathematician and astronomer
  • Yusuf al-Mutamin mathematician, wrote Kitab al-Istikmal (Book of Perfection) in mathematics

Z

Notes

See also

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