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Messier 95
M95. Credit: NASA
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation	Leo
Right ascension	10 43 57.7
Declination	+11° 42′ 14″
Redshift	778 ± 4 km/s
Distance	32.6 ± 1.4 Mly (10.0 ± 0.4 Mpc)
Apparent magnitude (V)	11.4
Characteristics
Type	SB(r)b
Apparent size (V)	3′.1 × 2′.9
Other designations
NGC 3351, UGC 5850, PGC 32007

Messier 95, also known as M95 or NGC 3351, is a barred spiral galaxy located about 33 million light-years away in the zodiac constellation Leo. It was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1781, and catalogued by fellow French astronomer Charles Messier four days later. On 16 March 2012, a supernova was discovered in M95.

The galaxy has a morphological classification of SB(r)b, with the SBb notation indicating it is a barred spiral with arms that are intermediate on the scale from tightly to loosely wound, and an "(r)" meaning an inner ring surrounds the bar. The latter is a ring-shaped, circumnuclear star-forming region with a diameter of approximately 2,000 light-years (610 pc). The spiral structure extends outward from the ring.

The ring structure of M95 has a mass of 3.5×10 M_☉ in molecular gas and a star formation rate of 0.38 M_☉ yr. The star formation is occurring in at least five regions with diameters between 100 and 150 pc that are composed of several star clusters ranging in size from 1.7 to 4.9 pc. These individual clusters contain (1.8–8.7)×10 M_☉ of stars, and may be on the path to forming globular clusters.

A Type II supernova, designated as SN 2012aw, was discovered in M95 on 16 March 2012. The light curve of the supernova displayed a significant flattening after 27 days, thus classifying it as a Type II-P, or "plateau", core-collapse supernova. The disappearance of the progenitor star was later confirmed from near-infrared imaging of the region. The brightness of the presumed red supergiant progenitor allowed its mass to be estimated as 12.5±1.5 M_☉.

M95 is one of several galaxies within the M96 Group, a group of galaxies in the constellation Leo. The group also includes the Messier objects M96 and M105.

Gallery

• Messier 95 shows the process of redistributing energy into the interstellar medium within star-forming galaxies.
• Hubble Space Telescope image of Messier 95.

References

1. ^ "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 3351. Retrieved 3 October 2007.
2. Jensen, Joseph B.; Tonry, John L.; Barris, Brian J.; Thompson, Rodger I.; et al. (2003). "Measuring Distances and Probing the Unresolved Stellar Populations of Galaxies Using Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuations". Astrophysical Journal. 583 (2): 712–726. arXiv:astro-ph/0210129. Bibcode:2003ApJ...583..712J. doi:10.1086/345430.
3. ^ Buta, Ronald J.; et al. (2007), Atlas of Galaxies, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1−25, ISBN 978-0521820486.
4. Colina, L.; Garcia Vargas, M. L.; Mas-Hesse, J. M.; Alberdi, A.; Krabbe, A. (1997). "Nuclear Star-forming Structures and the Starburst–Active Galactic Nucleus Connection in Barred Spirals NGC 3351 and NGC 4303". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 484 (1): L41–L45. Bibcode:1997ApJ...484L..41C. doi:10.1086/310766.
5. Hägele, Guillermo F.; et al. (June 2007), "Kinematics of gas and stars in the circumnuclear star-forming ring of NGC3351", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 378 (1): 163−178, arXiv:astro-ph/0703140, Bibcode:2007MNRAS.378..163H, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11751.x{{citation}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
6. "Deep Sky Videos". Retrieved 19 March 2012.
7. "Supernova 2012aw: the pictures!". Retrieved 19 March 2012.
8. "List of Recent Supernovae". Retrieved 8 April 2012.
9. Bayless, Amanda J.; et al. (February 2013), "The Long-lived UV "Plateau" of SN 2012aw", The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 764 (1): 6, arXiv:1210.5496, Bibcode:2013ApJ...764L..13B, doi:10.1088/2041-8205/764/1/L13, L13.
10. Fraser, Morgan (February 2016), "The disappearance of the progenitor of SN 2012aw in late-time imaging", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 456 (1): L16−L19, arXiv:1507.06579, Bibcode:2016MNRAS.456L..16F, doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slv168.{{citation}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
11. Tully, R. B. (1988). Nearby Galaxies Catalog. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-35299-4.
12. Fouque, P.; Gourgoulhon, E.; Chamaraux, P.; Paturel, G. (1992). "Groups of galaxies within 80 Mpc. II – The catalogue of groups and group members". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 93: 211–233. Bibcode:1992A&AS...93..211F.
13. Garcia, A. (1993). "General study of group membership. II – Determination of nearby groups". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 100: 47–90. Bibcode:1993A&AS..100...47G.
14. Giuricin, G.; et al. (2000). "Nearby Optical Galaxies: Selection of the Sample and Identification of Groups". Astrophysical Journal. 543 (1): 178–194. arXiv:astro-ph/0001140. Bibcode:2000ApJ...543..178G. doi:10.1086/317070.
15. "Caught in the act". www.eso.org. Retrieved 2 September 2019.
16. "Rings upon rings". www.spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 8 October 2018.

External links

• Messier 95 on WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Articles and images
• SEDS: Spiral Galaxy M95
• NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day: Barred Spiral Galaxy M95 (14 March 2007)
• Merrifield, Michael. "Supernova in M95 – SN 2012aw and its progenitor". Deep Sky Videos. Brady Haran.

v t e Messier objects
List	M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13 M14 M15 M16 M17 M18 M19 M20 M21 M22 M23 M24 M25 M26 M27 M28 M29 M30 M31 M32 M33 M34 M35 M36 M37 M38 M39 M40 M41 M42 M43 M44 M45 M46 M47 M48 M49 M50 M51 M52 M53 M54 M55 M56 M57 M58 M59 M60 M61 M62 M63 M64 M65 M66 M67 M68 M69 M70 M71 M72 M73 M74 M75 M76 M77 M78 M79 M80 M81 M82 M83 M84 M85 M86 M87 M88 M89 M90 M91 M92 M93 M94 M95 M96 M97 M98 M99 M100 M101 M102 M103 Added M104 M105 M106 M107 M108 M109 M110
See also	Caldwell catalogue Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars Herschel 400 Catalogue Index Catalogue New General Catalogue Revised New General Catalogue
Category Commons Portal

• Use dmy dates from April 2012
• Barred spiral galaxies
• M96 Group
• Leo (constellation)
• Messier objects
• NGC objects
• UGC objects
• Principal Galaxies Catalogue objects
• Astronomical objects discovered in 1781
• Discoveries by Pierre Méchain