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2021 Israel–Palestine crisis
Part of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Sign reading "Save Skeikh Jarrah" on the walls of the neighborhood, 9 May 2021
Date	6 May 2021 – present
Location	Israel, Palestinian territories
Caused by	Planned decision by the Supreme Court of Israel to evict Palestinians in Sheikh Jarrah, East Jerusalem
Parties
Israel Israel Police Israel Border Police Israel Defense Forces  Israeli Air Force Palestinians Palestinian protesters Hamas File:Flag of the Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine.svg Islamic Jihad
Casualties and losses
21 Israel Police officers injured 3 Israeli civilians killed, at least 77 Israeli civilians injured 1 Hamas commander killed 26 Palestinians killed, 103 wounded (in Gaza Strip) 305+ Palestinian protesters injured, 23 arrested (in Jerusalem)

Ongoing clashes began on 6 May 2021 between Palestinian protesters and Israeli police over a planned decision of the Supreme Court of Israel regarding evictions of Palestinians in Sheikh Jarrah, East Jerusalem. The violence, which coincided with the holidays of Laylat al-Qadr and Jerusalem Day, has injured more than 300 people, mostly Palestinian civilians. The attacks drew international condemnation and resulted in a delay of the Supreme Court ruling by 30 days as Avichai Mandelblit, Attorney General of Israel, sought to reduce tensions. On 9 May, Israeli police stormed the al-Aqsa Mosque, a major holy site to Muslims, ahead of a flag march by far-right Jewish nationalists that was later canceled. In response, on 10 and 11 May, Hamas and Islamic Jihad fired over 400 rockets into Israel, hitting homes and a school, killing two Israeli civilians and injuring at least 70 Israeli civilians. Israel responded with airstrikes into Gaza, and according to Gaza officials at least 24 Palestinians, including nine children, were killed, and 103 more were wounded. According to the Israel Defense Forces, at least fifteen of those killed were members of Hamas, and many others were killed by Palestinian rockets. On 13 May, Israeli airstrikes caused a 13-story residential tower in Gaza to collapse.

Background

The disputed land was bought by Jewish trusts from Arab landowners in 1870s. In 1956 the Jordanian government, in cooperation with the United Nations' organization for refugees, UNRWA, housed 28 Palestinian refugee families with tenancy rights in a compound on land that Jordan managed as Custodian of Enemy Property and which formerly belonged to these Jewish trusts. After the Six-Day War, the area fell under Israeli occupation. In 1972, the Israeli Custodian General registered the properties under the Jewish trusts, which in turn demanded that the Palestinian tenants there pay the trusts rent. Eviction orders began to occur in the 1990s. The Jewish trusts sold the homes to a right-wing settler organization, who have since made repeated attempts to evict the Palestinian residents. Under Israeli land and property laws, Israelis have the right to reclaim properties in East Jerusalem owned by Jews before the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, but no similar law exists that would allow Palestinians to claim their lost property inside Israel during the Nakba. The Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research claims that this approach to property rights is unacceptable in international law, and some analysts argue that the precedent set by these measures to resume Jewish property rights in East Jerusalem would open the gate to Palestinians to claim entitlement to the restitution of their properties in West Jerusalem, which they lost during the 1948 war.

In 2010, the Supreme Court of Israel rejected an appeal by Palestinian families who had resided in housing units in the area of Sheikh Jarrah, East Jerusalem, who had petitioned the court to have their ownership to the properties recognized. In 2021 Israel's Supreme Court was expected to deliver a ruling on whether to uphold the eviction of six Palestinian families from the Sheikh Jarrah neighborhood of East Jerusalem on 10 May 2021.

Itamar Ben-Gvir, a far-right Israeli politician, visited Sheikh Jarrah shortly before the clashes began, where he said that the houses belonged to Jews and told police to "open fire" on protesters. Agence France-Presse reported that Israeli settlers had been seen in Sheikh Jarrah openly carrying assault rifles and revolvers leading up to the clashes. Previous clashes had begun following the Israeli government's closure of the Damascus Gate, a popular place for Muslims to gather during Ramadan, and when the Israeli government imposed a 10,000-person limit on people praying at the al-Aqsa Mosque.

Palestinian protesters were also frustrated with Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas's decision to postpone the 2021 Palestinian legislative election, believing he had done so to avoid political defeat for his party Fatah.

Clashes

Palestinians and Israeli settlers first clashed on 6 May, and were broken up by the intervention of the Israeli police who arrested at least 7 people. Further clashes followed at the al-Aqsa Mosque. The Palestine Red Crescent Society said 136 people were wounded across Jerusalem that evening, and the Israeli government said six police officers were also wounded.

More clashes occurred on 8 May, the date of the Islamic holy night of Laylat al-Qadr. Palestinian crowds threw stones, lit fires, and chanted "Strike Tel Aviv" and “In spirit and in blood, we will redeem al-Aqsa”, which The Times of Israel described as in support of Hamas. The Israeli Police, wearing riot gear and some on horseback, used stun grenades and water cannons. At least 80 people were injured.

On the morning of 9 May, Israeli forces stormed the al-Aqsa Mosque, Islam's third-holiest site, injuring hundreds. Palestinians threw rocks, firecrackers and heavy objects, while Israeli police fired stun grenades, tear gas, and rubber bullets at worshippers. The storming came ahead of a Jerusalem Day flag march by Jewish nationalists through the Old City. At least 215 Palestinians were injured, 153 of whom were hospitalised. Militants in Gaza fired rockets into Israel during the night.

During the evening and night of 10 May, riots erupted in Lod. An Arab mob threw stones and firebombs at Jewish homes in the city, attacked a school and a synagogue, and set fires. A Jewish resident shot at Arab rioters, killing one and wounding two. The mob later attacked the hospital where he and others injured were evacuated to.

Rockets and airstrikes

On 10 May, Hamas fired more than 150 rockets into Israel from Gaza. The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) said that seven rockets were fired toward Jerusalem and Beit Shemesh and that one was intercepted. An anti-tank missile was also fired at an Israeli civilian vehicle, injuring the driver.

Israel launched air strikes in the Gaza strip on 10 May 2021. 28 Palestinians were killed, nine of whom were children, and 103 more were wounded. A Hamas commander, identified as Mohammed Abdullah Fayyad, as well as two high-ranking Islamic Jihad commanders were also killed. Another Hamas member was killed on 11 May. According to the IDF, a number of the Palestinians killed, including three of the children, were killed by errant rockets fired by Hamas, not by airstrikes, and that at least another fifteen of those killed were members of Hamas who were launching rockets or firing anti-tank missiles at Israel. However, the victims died when the Israeli strikes were carried out.

On 11 May, Hamas and Islamic Jihad responded to the Israeli raids, launching hundreds of rockets at Ashdod and Ashkelon, killing two people and wounding more than 90 others. Hamas claimed that they fired their "largest ever barrage", firing 137 rockets in five minutes. A third Israeli woman from Rishon LeZion was also killed.

A 13-story residential tower in Gaza collapsed on 11 May after being hit by an Israel airstrike. Hamas and the Islamic Jihad responded by firing 130 rockets at Tel Aviv.

Reactions

Israeli and Palestinian

On 9 May 2021, the Israeli Supreme Court delayed the expected decision on evictions for 30 days, after an intervention from the Attorney-General, Avichai Mandelblit. Israel Police also banned Jews from going to the al-Aqsa plaza for Jerusalem Day festivities. On 10 May, Israel closed the Kerem Shalom border crossing, including for humanitarian aid.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu defended the actions of the Israeli police and said that Israel "shall not allow any radical element to undermine the calm". He also said "we firmly reject the pressure not to build in Jerusalem". Israeli officials asked the Biden administration not to intervene in the situation.

On 10 May 2021, President of the Palestinian Authority, Mahmoud Abbas, issued a statement that the "brutal storming and assault on worshipers in the blessed al-Aqsa Mosque and its courtyards is a new challenge to the international community".

A spokesman for the Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine said that Israel "started the aggression on Jerusalem. If this aggression does not end, there is no point to diplomatic efforts to reach a cease-fire". Hamas gave an ultimatum to the Israel government, saying if they did not remove forces from the mosque by 2 a.m. on 11 May, then they would conduct another rocket strike.

A large crowd of Israeli Jews gathered around a fire near the mosque on 10 May, chanting yimakh shemam; IfNotNow co-founder Simone Zimmerman criticized them as exhibiting "genocidal animus towards Palestinians — emboldened and unfiltered".

Netanyahu convened an emergency security meeting on 11 May and schools in several parts of Israel were closed.

International

Multilateral

•  European Union – The European Union called on both sides to de-escalate tensions and reiterated "violence and incitement are unacceptable and the perpetrators on all sides must be held accountable".
•  United Nations – The UN called on Israel to cancel any planned evictions and use "maximum restraint in the use of force" against protesters. The United Nations Security Council met for a closed session on 10 May to discuss the issue. There, they discussed issuing a statement, which was rejected due to concerns from the United States.

Regional

•  Egypt – The Ministry of Foreign Affairs called on Israel to "stop all measures that violate the sanctity of the al-Aqsa Mosque" and described potential evictions as a violation of international law.
•  Iran – The Iranian government described the actions of Israeli police a "war crime" and called on the United Nations to condemn them.
•  Jordan – The Jordanian government described the actions of Israeli police as "barbaric". Thousands of Jordanians protested outside of the Israeli embassy in Amman on 10 May.
•  Morocco – King Mohammed VI expressed "deep concern" over the violence.
•  Saudi Arabia – The Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a statement that the kingdom "rejects Israel's plans and measures to evict dozens of Palestinians from their homes in Jerusalem and impose Israeli sovereignty over them".
•  Sudan – The Ministry of Foreign Affairs described Israeli police action in Jerusalem as "repression" and "coercive action".
•  Turkey – President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan delivered a speech describing Israel as a "cruel terrorist state" and said the United Nations should intervene to "stop the persecution". Thousands of protesters, including Syrians and Palestinians, gathered outside of the Israeli consulate in Istanbul on 10 May.
•  United Arab Emirates – Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, Khalifa al-Marar, condemned the clashes and called on the Israeli government to "provide necessary protection to Palestinian civilians' right to practice their religion, and to prevent practices that violate the sanctity of the Holy al-Aqsa Mosque".

Other

•  Bosnia and Herzegovina – Bakir Izetbegović, the head of the country's largest and most influential Muslim political party, the Party of Democratic Action, issued a statement saying, "The bloodshed in the holy month of Ramadan, the removal of Palestinians from their homes is an attack on civilizational values."
•  Canada – Canadian Foreign Minister, Marc Garneau, called for an "immediate de-escalation of tensions" and for all sides to "avoid any unilateral actions".
•  France – The Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs called on "all concerned to show the greatest restraint and refrain from any provocation to allow a return to calm as swiftly as possible".
•  Germany – Foreign Minister Heiko Maas said via Twitter that the two sides "have a duty to prevent further civilian casualties", and condemned the use of rocket fire on Israeli civilians.
•  Holy See – Pope Francis spoke at Saint Peter Square urging an end to the clashes and warning that "violence breeds violence".
•  Ireland – Minister for Foreign Affairs Simon Coveney condemned "the brutal response of Israeli security services to protests in Al Aqsa compound", calling it "unacceptable".
•  New Zealand – Minister of Foreign Affairs Nanaia Mahuta called for both sides to de-escalate and for Israel to cease demolitions and evictions.
•  Pakistan – Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan condemned the attack and stated "We reiterate support for Palestinian people. International community must take immediate action to protect Palestinians & their legitimate rights."
•  South Africa – The Economic Freedom Fighters party called for South Africa "to close down the Embassy of Israel – and recall our own representation from Tel Aviv".
•  United Kingdom – Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab called for "de-escalation on all sides" and an "end to targeting of civilian populations". Raab also condemned the firing of rockets by Hamas into Israel. Leader of the Opposition, Keir Starmer, said that "Israel must respect international law" and called on the Israeli government to to work with Palestinian leaders to de-escalate tensions. Protests were organised by the Muslim Association of Britain in London, Manchester, Birmingham, and Bradford, in opposition to the proposed evictions.
•  United States – The Department of State expressed concern and urged both sides to "avoid steps that exacerbate tensions or take us farther away from peace". U.S. Senators Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren and U.S. Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez condemned Israel over the proposed evictions.
•  Venezuela – Venezuelan authorities condemned "the new violent actions against the Palestinian people by Israel".

Social media

• Instagram and Twitter users who had written in support of the Palestinians said their posts had been deleted or their accounts had been suspended. The companies apologized and blamed the situation on a technical glitch.

See also

• 2021 in Israel
• 2021 in the State of Palestine
• Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
• Timeline of Jerusalem

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