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In its original form, this salad was ].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burke |first1=David |title=David Burke's New American Classics |last2=Choate |first2=Judith |date=2009 |publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-307-51943-6 |page=67 |chapter=Caesar salad |access-date=12 July 2016 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dHPvtWR6TkkC&pg=PA67 |archive-date=7 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707002238/https://books.google.com/books?id=dHPvtWR6TkkC&pg=PA67 |url-status=live }}</ref> | In its original form, this salad was ].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burke |first1=David |title=David Burke's New American Classics |last2=Choate |first2=Judith |date=2009 |publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-307-51943-6 |page=67 |chapter=Caesar salad |access-date=12 July 2016 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dHPvtWR6TkkC&pg=PA67 |archive-date=7 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707002238/https://books.google.com/books?id=dHPvtWR6TkkC&pg=PA67 |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
== History == | |||
<!-- PLEASE DO NOT add the claim that this salad is attributed to Julius Caesar. Reliable sources do not exist for this claim, so if it is added, it will just be deleted again. --> | |||
The salad's creation is generally attributed to the restaurateur ], an ] immigrant who operated restaurants in Mexico and the United States.<ref name="obit">{{cite news |date=5 November 1956 |title=Cesar Cardini, Creator of Salad, Dies at 60 |work=] |quote=Caesar Cardini, 60, credited with the invention of the Caesar salad, died }}</ref> His daughter Rosa recounted that her father invented the salad at his Prohibition-era restaurant in ] when a ] rush in 1924 depleted the kitchen's supplies. (Cardini lived in ] but ran the family restaurant in ] to attract American customers seeking to circumvent the restrictions of the ].) Cardini made do with what he had, adding the dramatic flair of the table-side tossing "by the chef."<ref name="Rosa1">{{cite news |date=21 September 2003 |title=Rosa Cardini |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1442086/Rosa-Cardini.html |access-date=10 February 2012 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327103223/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1442086/Rosa-Cardini.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Some recountings of the history state that Alex Cardini, Caesar Cardini's brother, made the salad, and that the salad was previously named the "Aviator Salad" because it was made for aviators that traveled over during prohibition.<ref> by Patrick Spaulding Ryan, '']'' 31 December 20022</ref> A number of Cardini's staff have said that they invented the dish.<ref name="grant">{{cite web |last=Grant |first=Dorothy |date=15 June 2007 |title=Hail to all fathers, and hail Caesar! |url=http://www.tcpalm.com/lifestyle/columnists/bdorothy-grantb-hail-to-all-fathers-and-hail-caesar-ep-406261705-339371201.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308174344/http://www.tcpalm.com/lifestyle/columnists/bdorothy-grantb-hail-to-all-fathers-and-hail-caesar-ep-406261705-339371201.html |archive-date=8 March 2016 |access-date=17 December 2020 |website=] }}In , D. Grant quotes Aviator's salad and more (2007)</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The History of Caesar Salad |url=http://www.kitchenproject.com/history/CaesarSalad/index.htm |access-date=18 December 2020 |website=Kitchen Project |archive-date=2 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702083956/http://www.kitchenproject.com/history/CaesarSalad/index.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> | |||
] in ] in ]]] | |||
] | |||
] said that she had eaten a Caesar salad at ] when she was a child in the 1920s.<ref name="child">{{cite book |last1=Child |first1=Julia |url=https://archive.org/details/fromjuliachildsk00chil |title=From Julia Child's Kitchen |last2=Child |first2=Paul |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |year=1975 |isbn=978-0-394-48071-8 |location=New York |author-link=Julia Child}}</ref> In 1946, the newspaper columnist ] wrote of a Caesar containing anchovies, differing from Cardini's version: | |||
<blockquote>The big food rage in Hollywood—the Caesar salad—will be introduced to New Yorkers by Gilmore's Steak House. It's an intricate concoction that takes ages to prepare and contains (zowie!) lots of garlic, raw or slightly coddled eggs, croutons, romaine, anchovies, parmeasan cheese, olive oil, vinegar and plenty of black pepper.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kilgallen |first=Dorothy |date=1946-08-02 |title=The Voice of Broadway |pages=4 |work=The News-Herald (Franklin, Pennsylvania) |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2731250/early-caesar-salad-reference/ |access-date=2020-12-18 |archive-date=2 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102134651/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2731250/early-caesar-salad-reference/ |url-status=live }}</ref></blockquote> | |||
In the 1970s, Cardini's daughter said that the original recipe included whole lettuce leaves, which were meant to be lifted by the stem and eaten with the fingers; ]s; and garlic infused olive oil.<ref name="child" /> Everyone makes the dressing a little differently and anchovy paste is sometimes added with Worcestershire sauce, dry mustard and garlic to enhance the flavor of the olive oil. Several sources have testified that the original recipe used only ] without any anchovies, which Cardini considered too bold in flavor.<ref name=variations>{{cite web |last1=Witchel |first1=Alex |title=Great Caesar's Ghost! Where's My Anchovy? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/07/dining/great-caesar-s-ghost-where-s-my-anchovy.html |website=The New York Times |publisher=The New York Times |access-date=1 October 2022}}</ref> | |||
Although the original recipe does not contain anchovies, modern recipes typically include anchovies as a key ingredient, which frequently is emulsified in bottled versions.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Best Caesar salad |url=https://www.seriouseats.com/amp/2013/10/ask-the-food-lab-caesar-salad-recipe.html |access-date=30 May 2018 |website=Seriouseats.com |archive-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143727/https://www.seriouseats.com/amp/2013/10/ask-the-food-lab-caesar-salad-recipe.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Bottled Caesar dressings are now produced and marketed by many companies. | |||
The trademark brands "Cardini's", "Caesar Cardini's" and "The Original Caesar Dressing" are all claimed to date to February 1950, although they were only registered decades later,<ref>{{cite web|title=Serial numbers 73426710 "Cardini's", registered 1983 by Caesar Cardini Foods|url=https://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=73426710&caseSearchType=US_APPLICATION&caseType=DEFAULT&searchType=statusSearch|website=United States Patent and Trademark Office|access-date=15 March 2022|archive-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713022850/https://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=73426710&caseSearchType=US_APPLICATION&caseType=DEFAULT&searchType=statusSearch|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Serial numbers 73782270 "The Original Caesar Dressing" and "Caesar Cardini's", registered 1989 by Dolefam Corporation, which later merged with T. Marzetti|url=https://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=73782270&caseSearchType=US_APPLICATION&caseType=DEFAULT&searchType=statusSearch|website=United States Patent and Trademark Office|access-date=15 March 2022|archive-date=13 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713022850/https://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=73782270&caseSearchType=US_APPLICATION&caseType=DEFAULT&searchType=statusSearch|url-status=live}}</ref> and more than a dozen varieties of bottled ''Cardini's'' dressing are available today, with various ingredients. | |||
As the salad moved North to the U.S, a key ingredient changed within the recipe. Lemon juice is commonly used, despite the original Caesar salad opting for lime. <ref>{{cite web|last=Gora|first=L. Sasha|title=The surprising truth about Caesar salad|url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20190521-the-surprising-truth-about-caesar-salad|access-date=23 April 2021|website=www.bbc.com|archive-date=31 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331043132/http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20190521-the-surprising-truth-about-caesar-salad|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
== Common ingredients == | == Common ingredients == |
Revision as of 06:53, 21 January 2023
Green salad of romaine lettuce and croutons
Course | |
---|---|
Place of origin | Italy |
Region or state | Rome |
Created by | Caesar Cardini |
Invented | 1924 |
Serving temperature | Chilled or room temperature |
Main ingredients | Romaine lettuce, croutons, Parmesan cheese, lemon juice, olive oil, egg, Worcestershire sauce, anchovies, Dijon mustard, black pepper |
Variations | Multiple |
A Caesar salad (also spelled Cesar and Cesare) is a green salad of romaine lettuce and croutons dressed with lemon juice (or lime juice), olive oil, egg, Worcestershire sauce, anchovies, garlic, Dijon mustard, Parmesan cheese, and black pepper.
In its original form, this salad was prepared and served tableside.
Common ingredients
Common ingredients in many recipes:
- romaine or cos lettuce
- olive oil
- crushed garlic
- salt
- Dijon mustard
- black pepper
- lemon juice
- Worcestershire sauce
- anchovies
- raw or coddled eggs
- grated Parmesan cheese
- croutons
Variations include varying the leaf, adding meat such as grilled chicken or bacon, or omitting ingredients such as anchovies and eggs.
Vegan versions may substitute capers for anchovies, and replace eggs with tahini.
Health concerns
Main article: Egg as food § ContaminationThere is inherent risk of infection by salmonella bacteria occasionally found in raw egg from cracked or improperly handled eggshells where the protective cuticle is damaged. Updated recipes recommend eggs that are briefly heated to 160 degrees or pasteurized eggs. Some variations of the dressing may use other substitutions for egg.
See also
References
- Burke, David; Choate, Judith (2009). "Caesar salad". David Burke's New American Classics. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-307-51943-6. Archived from the original on 7 July 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
- Cite error: The named reference
variations
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - "Caesar Salad". Credo Reference. Encyclopedia of American Foods. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
- "Vegan Caesar Salad Recipe". Ambitious Kitchen. Monique Volz. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
- "Should eggs be washed before they are used?". AskUSDA. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
- "Egg Products and Food Safety". United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service. 10 August 2015. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
Bibliography
- Julia Child; Paul Child (1975). From Julia Child's Kitchen. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-394-48071-8.
Further reading
- Greenfield, Terry D. (1996). Lorna Bolkey; Kathryn Hall (eds.). In Search of Caesar: The Ultimate Caesar Salad Book. Alexander Books. ISBN 978-1-57090-014-3.
- Mariani, John F. (1985). The Dictionary of American Food and Drink. Book Sales. ISBN 978-0-89919-199-7.
- Stradley, Linda; Cook, Andra (1997). What's Cooking America. Chehalem Publishing. ISBN 978-1-885221-55-1.
- Trager, James (1995). The Food Chronology: A Food Lover's Compendium of Events and Anecdotes, from Prehistory to the Present. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 978-0-8050-3389-2.
External links
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