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Princely State of Kashmir and Jammu
1846–1952
1936-1952 Coat of arms
Map of Kashmir and Jammu State
Status	Princely state (1846-1947) Sovereign state (1947) Indian suzerainty (1947-1952)
Capital	Srinagar
Common languages	Kashmiri (Koshur), Dogri, Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu), Ladakhi, Balti, Shina, and others
Religion	Hinduism (state religion), Islam (majority), Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism
Government	Monarchy as a British princely state (1846-1947) Sovereign monarchy (1947) Vassal monarchy (1947-1951) Vassal constitutional monarchy (1951-1952)
Maharaja
• 1846 – 1857	Gulab Singh (first)
• 1925 – 1952	Hari Singh (last)
Prime Minister
• 1917 – 1921	Raja Sir Daljit Singh (first)
• 1948 - 1952	Sheikh Abdullah (last)
Legislature	Constituent Assembly (from 1951)
History
• Princely state established	1846
• Independence from the British Raj	14 August 1947
• First Kashmir War	22 October 1947
• Accession to the Indian Union	26–27 October 1947
• Ceasefire (cession of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan)	1 January 1949
• Constitutional state of India	17 November 1952
• Disestablished	1952
Area
• Total	85,885 sq mi (222,440 km)
Preceded by Succeeded by 1846: Sikh Empire Jammu and Kashmir (state) Azad Kashmir Northern Areas
Today part of	India (Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh) Pakistan (Azad Kashmir, Gilgit-Baltistan) China (Aksai Chin, Trans-Karakoram Tract)

Jammu and Kashmir, officially known as the Princely State of Kashmir and Jammu, was a princely state during the Company rule from 1846 to 1858 as well as the British Raj in India from 1858 to 1947. The princely state was created after the First Anglo-Sikh War, from the territories that had earlier been in the Sikh Empire. Kashmir was (and still is) a Muslim majority state in 1947 ruled by a Hindu prince Maharaja Hari Singh. The Kashmir crisis started along with the signing of accession accord with the Republic of India by Hindu Raja Hari Singh without consent of public living in the Jammu & Kashmir and India massacred 250,000 Muslims in the 1947 Jammu massacres. Subsequently, the people of Kashmir started "Tehreek-E-Azaadi Jammu and Kashmir" (movement for liberated Jammu and Kashmir) to make their own rightful decision. Kashmiris wanted to make their own decision for their future generations. This led to the first Kashmir war, Which resulted in liberation. The western and northern districts presently known as Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan passed to the control of Pakistan, while the remaining territory remained under Indian control as the Indian-administered union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh.

Administration

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2018)

According to the census reports of 1911, 1921 and 1931, the administration was organised as follows:

• Jammu province: Districts of Jammu, Jasrota (Kathua), Udhampur, Reasi and Mirpur.
• Kashmir province: Districts of Kashmir South (Anantnag), Kashmir North (Baramulla) and Muzaffarabad.
• Frontier districts: Wazarats of Ladakh and Gilgit.
• Internal jagirs: Poonch, Bhaderwah and Chenani.

In the 1941 census, further details of the frontier districts were given:

• Ladakh wazarat: Tehsils of Leh, Skardu and Kargil.
• Gilgit wazarat: Tehsils of Gilgit and Astore
• Frontier illaqas: (under the Gilgit Agency) Punial, Ishkoman, Yasin, Kuh-Ghizer, Hunza, Nagar, Chilas.

Prime Ministers (Jammu & Kashmir)

See also

• List of political parties in Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)
• Tehreek-e-Azaadi Jammu and Kashmir
• Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir
• Dogra dynasty

References

1. David P. Henige (2004). Princely States of India: A Guide to Chronology and Rulers. Orchid Press. p. 99. ISBN 978-974-524-049-0.
2. Rahman, Tariq (2011). From Hindi to Urdu : a social and political history. Orient Blackswan Private Ltd. p. 201. ISBN 978-81-250-4248-8. OCLC 757810159.
3. "Kashmir and Jammu", Imperial Gazetteer of India, 15, Secretary of State for India in Council: Oxford at the Clarendon Press: 71–, 1908
4. "'India massacred 250,000 Muslims in 1947 Kashmir genocide'". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
5. "How Jemaah Islamiyah and Tehreek-e-Azaadi Jammu and Kashmir relate | Frankensaurus.com". frankensaurus.com. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
6. Halder, Tamoghna. "Kashmir's struggle did not start in 1947 and will not end today". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
7. Bose, Sumantra (2003). Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace. Harvard University Press. pp. 32–37. ISBN 0-674-01173-2.
8. ^ Karim, Maj Gen Afsir (2013), Kashmir The Troubled Frontiers, Lancer Publishers LLC, pp. 29–32, ISBN 978-1-935501-76-3
9. Behera, Demystifying Kashmir 2007, p. 15.
10. ^ Copland, Ian (1981), "Islam and Political Mobilization in Kashmir, 1931–34", Pacific Affairs, 54 (2): 228–259, doi:10.2307/2757363, JSTOR 2757363

Bibliography

• Behera, Navnita Chadha (2007), Demystifying Kashmir, Pearson Education India, ISBN 978-8131708460
• Das Gupta, Jyoti Bhusan (2012), Jammu and Kashmir, Springer, ISBN 978-94-011-9231-6
• Birdwood, Lord (1956), Two Nations and Kashmir, R. Hale
• Huttenback, Robert A. (1961), "Gulab Singh and the Creation of the Dogra State of Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh" (PDF), The Journal of Asian Studies, 20 (4): 477–488, doi:10.2307/2049956, JSTOR 2049956, S2CID 162144034, archived from the original (PDF) on 15 August 2016
• Mahajan, Mehr Chand (1963), Looking Back: The Autobiography of Mehr Chand Mahajan, Former Chief Justice of India, Asia Publishing House
• Major, Andrew J. (1996), Return to Empire: Punjab under the Sikhs and British in the Mid-nineteenth Century Limited, New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, ISBN 81-207-1806-2
  • Major, Andrew J. (1981), Return to Empire: Punjab under the Sikhs and British in the Mid-nineteenth Century, Australian National University, doi:10.25911/5d74e5bedfa9d
• Noorani, A. G. (2011), Article 370: A Constitutional History of Jammu and Kashmir, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-807408-3
• Panikkar, K. M. (1930). Gulab Singh. London: Martin Hopkinson Ltd.
• Raghavan, Srinath (2010), War and Peace in Modern India, Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 101–, ISBN 978-1-137-00737-7
• Rai, Mridu (2004), Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Islam, Rights, and the History of Kashmir, C. Hurst & Co, ISBN 1850656614
• Schofield, Victoria (2003) , Kashmir in Conflict, London and New York: I. B. Taurus & Co, ISBN 1860648983
• Singh, Bawa Satinder (1971), "Raja Gulab Singh's Role in the First Anglo-Sikh War", Modern Asian Studies, 5 (1): 35–59, doi:10.1017/s0026749x00002845, JSTOR 311654, S2CID 145500298

This article incorporates text from the Imperial Gazetteer of India, a publication now in the public domain.

• Princely states of India
• Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)
• 1846 establishments in British India
• 1952 disestablishments in India
• Rajputs
• Hindu states
• Rajput princely states
• Former monarchies
• Gun salute princely states