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| '''''Radif''''' ({{lang-fa|ردیف}}, meaning "order") is a rule in Persian, Turkic, and ] which states that, in the form of poetry known as a '']'', the second line of all the couplets (''{{Transl|fa|bayt}}s'' or ]) must end with the same word. This repeating of common words is the {{Transl|fa|radif}} of the ''ghazal''. It is preceded by a ], which is a repeating pattern of words.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/164447/history-art-performance-ghazal-hindustani-sangeet/|title=The history, art and performance of ghazal in Hindustani sangeet|date=2017-12-21|website=Daily Times|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AXtyWoP7GzYC&dq=radif+ghazal&pg=PA2|title=Urdu Ghazals: An Anthology, from 16th to 20th Century|last=Kanda|first=K. C.|date=1995|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|isbn=978-81-207-1826-5|language=en}}</ref> | '''''Radif''''' ({{lang-fa|ردیف}}, meaning "order") is a rule in Persian, Turkic, and ] which states that, in the form of poetry known as a '']'', the second line of all the couplets (''{{Transl|fa|bayt}}s'' or '']'') must end with the same word. This repeating of common words is the {{Transl|fa|radif}} of the ''ghazal''. It is preceded by a ], which is a repeating pattern of words.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/164447/history-art-performance-ghazal-hindustani-sangeet/|title=The history, art and performance of ghazal in Hindustani sangeet|date=2017-12-21|website=Daily Times|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AXtyWoP7GzYC&dq=radif+ghazal&pg=PA2|title=Urdu Ghazals: An Anthology, from 16th to 20th Century|last=Kanda|first=K. C.|date=1995|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|isbn=978-81-207-1826-5|language=en}}</ref> | ||
| The following is an example of a ''ghazal'' by ]. In this example the {{Transl|fa|radif}} is {{Transl|ur|mein}}. The {{Transl|fa|qaafiyaa}} is the following pattern of words: {{Transl|ur|nigaah}} (in the first ]), {{Transl|ur|jalwa-gaah}}, {{Transl|ur|nigaah}} (in the fourth hemistich), {{Transl|ur|raah}}, {{Transl|ur|haale-tabaah}} and {{Transl|ur|aah}}. | The following is an example of a ''ghazal'' by ]. In this example the {{Transl|fa|radif}} is {{Transl|ur|mein}}. The {{Transl|fa|qaafiyaa}} is the following pattern of words: {{Transl|ur|nigaah}} (in the first ]), {{Transl|ur|jalwa-gaah}}, {{Transl|ur|nigaah}} (in the fourth hemistich), {{Transl|ur|raah}}, {{Transl|ur|haale-tabaah}} and {{Transl|ur|aah}}. | ||
| {{Poem quote|text={{transl|ur|aafat kii shoKhiyaa.N hai.n tumhaarii nigaah|italics=no}} {{transl|ur|mein}} | {{Poem quote|text={{transl|ur|aafat kii shoKhiyaa.N hai.n tumhaarii nigaah|italics=no}} {{transl|ur|mein}} | ||
Revision as of 18:29, 25 November 2023
Rule in Persian, Turkic, and Urdu poetry This article is about radif in Urdu poetry. For the radif in Iranian music theory, see Radif (music). | The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (December 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
Radif (Template:Lang-fa, meaning "order") is a rule in Persian, Turkic, and Urdu poetry which states that, in the form of poetry known as a ghazal, the second line of all the couplets (bayts or shers) must end with the same word. This repeating of common words is the radif of the ghazal. It is preceded by a qaafiyaa, which is a repeating pattern of words.
The following is an example of a ghazal by Daagh Dehlvi. In this example the radif is mein. The qaafiyaa is the following pattern of words: nigaah (in the first hemistich), jalwa-gaah, nigaah (in the fourth hemistich), raah, haale-tabaah and aah.
aafat kii shoKhiyaa.N hai.n tumhaarii nigaah mein
mehashar ke fitane khelate hai.n jalwa-gaah mein
wo dushmanii se dekhate hai.n dekhate to hain
mai.n shaad huu.N ke huu.N to kisii kii nigaah mein
aatii baat baat mujhe yaad baar baar
kahataa huu.N dau.D dau.D ke qaasid se raah mein
is taubaah par hai naaz mujhe zaahid is qadar
jo TuuT kar shariik huu.N haal-e-tabaah mein
mushtaaq is adaa ke bahot dard-ma.nd the
ae DaaG tum to baiTh gaye ek aah mein
References
- "The history, art and performance of ghazal in Hindustani sangeet". Daily Times. 2017-12-21. Retrieved 2020-01-18.
- Kanda, K. C. (1995). Urdu Ghazals: An Anthology, from 16th to 20th Century. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 978-81-207-1826-5.
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