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| <!-- Comment == Indonesia == Bali events, embassy atrocity --> | |||
| ⚫ | == Alleged Sydney-Melbourne terrorist ring == | ||
| ⚫ | == Islam-related terrorism organisations == | ||
| ]. Acting upon the advice of ASIO and Australian courts, 18 of 19 terrorist organisations officially ''listed'' by the Australian government claim association with Islam, Islamising goals or Islamic ideology. The remaining organisation is the ].]] | |||
| In 2002, a range of terrorist organisation offences were enacted enabling Australian governments to deal with organisations involved in terrorism.<ref>http://www.comlaw.gov.au/comlaw/Legislation/Act1.nsf/0/3FE76064F1487C39CA25722D00069043/$file/065-2002.doc ''The Security Legislation Amendment (Terrorism) Act 2002'' - Australian federal legislation.</ref> | |||
| As at early April 2007, there were 19 organisations listed as ''terrorist organisations'' by the Australian government.<ref>http://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/agd/WWW/NationalSecurity.nsf/Page/What_Governments_are_doingListing_of_Terrorism_Organisations</ref> All but one of those organisations are associated to Islamic ideology: | |||
| * The ] Group. From a base in the Southern islands of the Philippines, this group has affirmed a goal of creating a pan-Islamic superstate across Southeast Asia.<ref>url=http://tkb.org/Group.jsp?groupID=204, title=Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG), publisher=MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base</ref> | |||
| * ]. This is a militant ] ] ] terrorist organization established in 1988. | |||
| * ] (the ] group, also known as al Qa'ida in Iraq, or ''The Organization for the Foundation of the Holy Struggle in Mesopotamia''.<ref>http://www.ag.gov.au/agd/WWW/ministerruddockhome.nsf/Page/Media_Releases_2007_First_Quarter_0312007_-_19_February_2007_-_Re-listing_of_Al-Zarqawi_(tanzim_qa&apos</ref> This organisation associates itself with Al-Qa'ida and is a successor of Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (Arabic: جماعة التوحيد والجهاد) - the Unification (Monotheism) and the Holy Struggle Group) | |||
| * ] (formerly known as Ansar Al-Islam) | |||
| * ]: a group based in northern and central Iraq, and including ] groups, Sunni Arab religious radicals, and others. | |||
| * ] (''"the League of the Followers" or "Partisans’ League"'') This is an organization of ] ]s based in southern ]. <ref name=navy> {{cite web||url=http://library.nps.navy.mil/home/tgp/asb.htm|title=Asbat al-Ansar)|accessdate=2006-07-20|author=United States Department of State}}</ref> | |||
| * ], also called ''Islamic Jihad '' and the ''Jihad Group''. They have an association to the ]. They have declared a goal to overthrow the Egyptian Government and replace it with an Islamic state. | |||
| * The ], a militant wing of ] (Arabic: حركة حماس; acronym: Arabic: حركة المقاومة الاسلامية, or Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya or "Islamic Resistance Movement". | |||
| * The ] (Al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya - "The Islamic Resistance"). Hezbollah (Arabic: حزب الله ḥizbu-llāh, meaning "party of God") is a Shi'a Islamic political and paramilitary organization based in Lebanon. It propounds a version of Islamic ] ideology developed by ]. | |||
| * ]. This is a terrorist group based in southern ]. | |||
| * ], also known as the Islamic Party of Turkestan. This is an ] within the ] that has operated in and beyond ] since 1998.<ref name=MIPTPROFILE> MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base</ref> The IMU's goal is to overthrow the ] and replace it with an ]. | |||
| * ] (literally ''The Army of Muhammad''). This is a major Islamic militant organization in ]. formed in 1994 and based in the ]. The group's primary motive is to end ]'s rule in ].<ref></ref><ref></ref> | |||
| * ] (formerly known as Harakat Ul-Mujahideen): a militant ] organization founded in 1993 that is particularly active in ]. | |||
| * ]: a Southeast Asian ] organization dedicated to the establishment of a Daulah Islamiyah (pan-Islamic superstate in Southeast Asia). | |||
| * ](]: ''Army of ]''): a ] ] affiliated with ] that has operated in ] since ] with a particular focus upon victimising the Pakistani ] community. | |||
| * ]. This organisation's primary objectives are to end Indian rule in ], and to establish Islamic rule over all of India and the world <ref name="BBC">,BBC</ref> | |||
| * ]: and organisation declaring a goal of destroying ] and replacement it with a ] Islamic state. | |||
| * ]: a militant ] Sunni Islamist group which aims to overthrow the ] government and institute an Islamic state there. | |||
| For listing, an organisation may be found to be such by a court as part of a prosecution for a terrorist offence or the same may be specified in regulations upon the motion of the ]. | |||
| Under ] it is an offence to materially support or be supported by such organisations. | |||
| == Key individuals == | |||
| === Australian Islamic terrorists === | |||
| ==== Muhammad Dawood ==== | |||
| ]<!-- ] in training with the ]<ref name=fourcorners1>, '']'', ]</ref>]]-->] is an Australian national who publicly admitted his role in providing material support to terrorism in March 2007 as a collaborator with al-Qaeda. He is serving a sentence of seven years imprisonment, presently at ]. | |||
| ==== Faheem Khalid ==== | |||
| ] is an Australian architect accused of plotting in October 2003 to bomb the national electricity grid or ] defence sites in the cause of violent jihad. He was convicted by a New South Wales Supreme Court jury in June 2006 on terrorism-related offences<ref> | |||
| </ref>, namely:<br /> | |||
| * Preparation for terrorist attack, by seeking information for the purpose of constructing explosive devices | |||
| * Seeking information and collecting maps of the Sydney electricity supply system and possessing 38 aerial photos of military installations in preparation for terrorist attacks | |||
| * Possessing terrorist manuals detailing how to manufacture poisons, detonators, explosives and incendiary devices | |||
| He has been sentenced to 20 years imprisonment with a ] period of 15 years. | |||
| His desired targets were the national electricity supply system, the ] , ], and ]. | |||
| Justice Anthony Whealy commented at ] that Lodhi had “the intent of advancing a political, religious or ideological cause, namely violent jihad” to “instil terror into members of the public so that they could never again feel free from the threat of bombing in Australia.” | |||
| === Australian Islamic terrorism suspects === | |||
| ==== Mamdouh Habib ==== | |||
| ]] is an ]n ] formerly incarcerated at ] on suspicion of involvement in terrorism. | |||
| He traveled to ], ], prior to the 1993 ]. At that time he visited ], a person notorious for issing a death fatwa against ], and later sentenced to life imprisonment for attacking US targets including conspiratorial responsibility for the 1993 World Trade Center bombing. | |||
| He was arrested in October ] while traveling by bus to ], Pakistan. | |||
| It is alleged that while he was in Afghanistan, he took an advanced ] training course in a camp near Kabul. It is claimed the course included surveillance and photographing facilities, the establishment and use of safe houses, covert travel and writing secret reports. Australian authorities say that several other men who took part in the course identified him as having been there. Evidence to support these claims has not been made public. | |||
| In interviews he has refused to confirm whether he was in Afghanistan. | |||
| === Joseph Thomas === | |||
| ]] is an Australian muslim acquitted of the charge of providing resources that would assist in a terrorist act. He was made the subject of a control order by the Attorney-General of Australia in August 2006. A federal magistrate found that he is capable of launching a terrorist attack and that his wife has links to Abu Bakar Bashir.<ref name="smh_wife"/> | |||
| == Offshore fatalaties and incidents == | |||
| There have been significant numbers of Australians killed or seriously wounded as a result of Islamic terrorism in ] since late 2002. | |||
| ]In October 2002 three near-simultaneous bomb detonations in the tourist district of Kuta on the island of Bali killed 88 Australians. 209 people were injured, also including Australians. | |||
| Various members of ] were convicted for their roles in planning and excuting the bombings with three sentenced to death and another to life imprisonment. ], a muslim cleric and identified spiritual leader of Jemaah Islamiyah, was found guilty of conspiratorial responsibility and sentenced to two and a half years imprisonment.<ref name= AGE>The Age newspaper {{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/bashirs-release-a-cause-of-great-pain-howard/2006/06/14/1149964605731.html |title="Bashir's release a cause of great pain."|accessdate=2006-09-19}}</ref> | |||
| Bombs exploded at two sites in Jimbaran and Kuta, both in south Bali, in early October 2005. Four Australians were killed and 19 were injured.<small></small> | |||
| ⚫ | == Alleged Sydney-Melbourne terrorist ring == | ||
| As of early March 2007 nine men charged with Australia's largest terrorist conspiracy were undergoing commital hearings at Penrith for alleged crimes associated with a plan to attack Sydney's Lucas Heights Nuclear Reactor.<ref>http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/06/AR2007030600686.html</ref> | As of early March 2007 nine men charged with Australia's largest terrorist conspiracy were undergoing commital hearings at Penrith for alleged crimes associated with a plan to attack Sydney's Lucas Heights Nuclear Reactor.<ref>http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/06/AR2007030600686.html</ref> | ||
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| The hearing is expected to run for two months. | The hearing is expected to run for two months. | ||
| ⚫ | == |
||
| On 19 February 2007, Australian Attorney-General Philip Ruddock announced that Al-Zarqawi Tanzim Qa'idat Al-Jihad Fi Bilad Al-Rafidayn (also known as al Qa'ida in Iraq) was being relisted as a terorist group.<ref>http://www.ag.gov.au/agd/WWW/ministerruddockhome.nsf/Page/Media_Releases_2007_First_Quarter_0312007_-_19_February_2007_-_Re-listing_of_Al-Zarqawi_(tanzim_qa&apos</ref> | |||
| == See also == | == See also == | ||
| ⚫ | *] | ||
| ⚫ | *] | ||
| *] | *] | ||
| *] | *] | ||
| *] | *] | ||
| *] | *] | ||
| ⚫ | *] | ||
| ⚫ | *] | ||
| == Notes == | == Notes == | ||
Revision as of 03:15, 9 April 2007
Islam-related terrorism organisations
In 2002, a range of terrorist organisation offences were enacted enabling Australian governments to deal with organisations involved in terrorism.
As at early April 2007, there were 19 organisations listed as terrorist organisations by the Australian government. All but one of those organisations are associated to Islamic ideology:
- The Abu Sayyaf Group. From a base in the Southern islands of the Philippines, this group has affirmed a goal of creating a pan-Islamic superstate across Southeast Asia.
- Al Qaeda. This is a militant Qutbist Sunni Islamist terrorist organization established in 1988.
- Tanzim Qa'idat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn (the al-Zarqawi group, also known as al Qa'ida in Iraq, or The Organization for the Foundation of the Holy Struggle in Mesopotamia. This organisation associates itself with Al-Qa'ida and is a successor of Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (Arabic: جماعة التوحيد والجهاد) - the Unification (Monotheism) and the Holy Struggle Group)
- Ansar al-Sunna (formerly known as Ansar Al-Islam)
- Armed Islamic Group: a group based in northern and central Iraq, and including Kurdish groups, Sunni Arab religious radicals, and others.
- Asbat al-Ansar ("the League of the Followers" or "Partisans’ League") This is an organization of Sunni Islamists based in southern Lebanon.
- Egyptian Islamic Jihad, also called Islamic Jihad and the Jihad Group. They have an association to the Muslim Brotherhood. They have declared a goal to overthrow the Egyptian Government and replace it with an Islamic state.
- The Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades, a militant wing of Hamas (Arabic: حركة حماس; acronym: Arabic: حركة المقاومة الاسلامية, or Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya or "Islamic Resistance Movement".
- The Hizballah External Security Organisation (Al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya - "The Islamic Resistance"). Hezbollah (Arabic: حزب الله ḥizbu-llāh, meaning "party of God") is a Shi'a Islamic political and paramilitary organization based in Lebanon. It propounds a version of Islamic Shi'a ideology developed by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.
- The Islamic Army of Aden. This is a terrorist group based in southern Yemen.
- Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, also known as the Islamic Party of Turkestan. This is an Islamic terrorist organization within the Islamic Movement of Central Asia that has operated in and beyond Uzbekistan since 1998. The IMU's goal is to overthrow the Government of Uzbekistan and replace it with an Islamic State.
- Jaish-e-Mohammed (literally The Army of Muhammad). This is a major Islamic militant organization in South Asia. formed in 1994 and based in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The group's primary motive is to end India's rule in Kashmir.
- Jamiat ul-Ansar (formerly known as Harakat Ul-Mujahideen): a militant Islamist organization founded in 1993 that is particularly active in Jammu and Kashmir.
- Jemaah Islamiyah: a Southeast Asian militant Islamic organization dedicated to the establishment of a Daulah Islamiyah (pan-Islamic superstate in Southeast Asia).
- Lashkar i Jhangvi(English: Army of Jhang): a Wahabi Islamic terrorist organization affiliated with Al Qaeda that has operated in Pakistan since 1997 with a particular focus upon victimising the Pakistani Shia Muslim community.
- Lashkar-e-Tayyiba. This organisation's primary objectives are to end Indian rule in Jammu and Kashmir, and to establish Islamic rule over all of India and the world
- Palestinian Islamic Jihad: and organisation declaring a goal of destroying Israel and replacement it with a Palestinian Islamic state.
- Salafist Group for Call and Combat: a militant Wahhabist Sunni Islamist group which aims to overthrow the Algerian government and institute an Islamic state there.
For listing, an organisation may be found to be such by a court as part of a prosecution for a terrorist offence or the same may be specified in regulations upon the motion of the Attorney-General of Australia.
Under Australian law it is an offence to materially support or be supported by such organisations.
Key individuals
Australian Islamic terrorists
Muhammad Dawood
Muhammad Dawood is an Australian national who publicly admitted his role in providing material support to terrorism in March 2007 as a collaborator with al-Qaeda. He is serving a sentence of seven years imprisonment, presently at Guantanamo Bay detention camp.
Faheem Khalid
Faheem Khalid Lodhi is an Australian architect accused of plotting in October 2003 to bomb the national electricity grid or Sydney defence sites in the cause of violent jihad. He was convicted by a New South Wales Supreme Court jury in June 2006 on terrorism-related offences, namely:
- Preparation for terrorist attack, by seeking information for the purpose of constructing explosive devices
- Seeking information and collecting maps of the Sydney electricity supply system and possessing 38 aerial photos of military installations in preparation for terrorist attacks
- Possessing terrorist manuals detailing how to manufacture poisons, detonators, explosives and incendiary devices
He has been sentenced to 20 years imprisonment with a non-parole period of 15 years.
His desired targets were the national electricity supply system, the Victoria Barracks , HMAS Penguin naval base, and Holsworthy Barracks.
Justice Anthony Whealy commented at sentencing that Lodhi had “the intent of advancing a political, religious or ideological cause, namely violent jihad” to “instil terror into members of the public so that they could never again feel free from the threat of bombing in Australia.”
Australian Islamic terrorism suspects
Mamdouh Habib
Mamdouh Habib is an Australian Muslim formerly incarcerated at Guantanamo Bay on suspicion of involvement in terrorism.
He traveled to New York City, USA, prior to the 1993 World Trade Center bombing. At that time he visited Sheikh Omar Abdel Rahman, a person notorious for issing a death fatwa against Anwar Sadat, and later sentenced to life imprisonment for attacking US targets including conspiratorial responsibility for the 1993 World Trade Center bombing.
He was arrested in October 2001 while traveling by bus to Karachi, Pakistan. It is alleged that while he was in Afghanistan, he took an advanced al-Qaeda training course in a camp near Kabul. It is claimed the course included surveillance and photographing facilities, the establishment and use of safe houses, covert travel and writing secret reports. Australian authorities say that several other men who took part in the course identified him as having been there. Evidence to support these claims has not been made public.
In interviews he has refused to confirm whether he was in Afghanistan.
Joseph Thomas
Joseph Thomas is an Australian muslim acquitted of the charge of providing resources that would assist in a terrorist act. He was made the subject of a control order by the Attorney-General of Australia in August 2006. A federal magistrate found that he is capable of launching a terrorist attack and that his wife has links to Abu Bakar Bashir.
Offshore fatalaties and incidents
There have been significant numbers of Australians killed or seriously wounded as a result of Islamic terrorism in Indonesia since late 2002.
In October 2002 three near-simultaneous bomb detonations in the tourist district of Kuta on the island of Bali killed 88 Australians. 209 people were injured, also including Australians.
Various members of Jemaah Islamiyah were convicted for their roles in planning and excuting the bombings with three sentenced to death and another to life imprisonment. Abu Bakar Bashir, a muslim cleric and identified spiritual leader of Jemaah Islamiyah, was found guilty of conspiratorial responsibility and sentenced to two and a half years imprisonment.
Bombs exploded at two sites in Jimbaran and Kuta, both in south Bali, in early October 2005. Four Australians were killed and 19 were injured.
Alleged Sydney-Melbourne terrorist ring
As of early March 2007 nine men charged with Australia's largest terrorist conspiracy were undergoing commital hearings at Penrith for alleged crimes associated with a plan to attack Sydney's Lucas Heights Nuclear Reactor.
The men have been in a maximum security jail since 2005 when police and security agencies raided homes in Sydney and Melbourne, arresting a total of 18 men.
Nine men face terrorism charges in Melbourne.
Police allege the Sydney men had been urged by their Muslim cleric leader to inflict maximum damage for the sake of jihad.
Police said the men had attended terrorist training camps in Australia, stockpiled chemicals to make explosives and that one of them was found with 165 railway detonators at his home.
The hearing is expected to run for two months.
See also
- 2002 Bali bombings
- 2005 Bali bombings
- Australian anti-terrorism legislation, 2004
- Australian Anti-Terrorism Bill 2005
- Crime in Australia
- Islamist terrorism
Notes
- http://www.comlaw.gov.au/comlaw/Legislation/Act1.nsf/0/3FE76064F1487C39CA25722D00069043/$file/065-2002.doc The Security Legislation Amendment (Terrorism) Act 2002 - Australian federal legislation.
- http://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/agd/WWW/NationalSecurity.nsf/Page/What_Governments_are_doingListing_of_Terrorism_Organisations
- url=http://tkb.org/Group.jsp?groupID=204, title=Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG), publisher=MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base
- http://www.ag.gov.au/agd/WWW/ministerruddockhome.nsf/Page/Media_Releases_2007_First_Quarter_0312007_-_19_February_2007_-_Re-listing_of_Al-Zarqawi_(tanzim_qa&apos
- United States Department of State. "Asbat al-Ansar)". Retrieved 2006-07-20.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help) - Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base
- Lashkar-e-Toiba,BBC
- Lodhi guilty on terror charges Lodhi 'deserves' 20 years Lodhi jailed for 20 years over terror plot
- Cite error: The named reference
smh_wifewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - The Age newspaper ""Bashir's release a cause of great pain."". Retrieved 2006-09-19.
- http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/06/AR2007030600686.html