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Revision as of 12:33, 12 February 2011
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name 2-Amino-4-(hydroxy(methyl)phosphonoyl)butanoic acid | |
| Other names Phosphinothricin | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.051.893 
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| EC Number |
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| PubChem CID | |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
InChI
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SMILES
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| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C5H12NO4P |
| Molar mass | 181.127 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
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Infobox references
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Glufosinate or its ammonium salt DL-phosphinothricin is an active ingredient in several nonselective systemic herbicides - Basta, Rely, Finale, Ignite, Challenge and Liberty. It interferes with the biosynthetic pathway of the amino acid glutamine and with ammonia detoxification.
Some plants have been genetically modified for resistance to glufosinate. The gene which gives resistance to glufosinate is a bar or pat gene which was first isolated from two species of Streptomyces bacteria. There are glufosinate-resistant transgenic varieties of several crops, including cotton, canola, corn, soybean, sugarbeet, and rice. Of these, only canola, cotton and maize are currently on the market. This includes Bayer's LibertyLink genes, used in over 100 hybrids.
Glufosinate was included in a biocide ban proposed by the Swedish Chemicals Agency and approved by the European Parliament on January 13, 2009.
Liberty Link crops
In response to Monsanto's hugely successful Roundup Ready crops, Bayer Crop Science released its own herbicide tolerant crops. The range of crops tolerant to the herbicide glufosinate include cotton, soybean, canola and corn. These crops are also known as Liberty Link crops.
One advantage to producing Liberty Link crops is that any glyphosate resistance encountered in problematic weeds, such as rye grass, is overcome due to glufosinate having a completely different mode of action.
Mode of action
"During the normal processes of plant metabolism, nitrate (NO3–) is absorbed by the plant and broken down to ammonium ions (NH4+). Normally it combines with glutamate within cells, to form glutamine. Glutamine goes on to feature in a number of other important reactions, some of which are vital for photosynthesis.
The initial ammonium plus glutamate combination is made possible by the presence of an enzyme, glutamine synthetase. Glufosinate-ammonium disrupts the action of glutamine-synthetase, thereby preventing this reaction." (from bayer crop sciences basta technical guide)
References
- "Interpretation of criteria for approval of active substances in the proposed EU plant protection regulation". Swedish Chemicals Agency (KemI). 2008-09-23. Retrieved 2009-01-14.
- "MEPs approve pesticides legislation". 2009-01-13. Retrieved 2009-01-14.