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Venezuelan opposition leaders argue that by assuming power over the president of the national assembly, Maduro violated articles 229, 231, and 233<ref>{{cite web|title=CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA|url=http://www.angelfire.com/va/derecho/go225-266.html}}</ref> of the Venezuelan constitution.<ref>{{cite web|title=Venezuelan opposition challenges Nicolás Maduro's legitimacy|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/mar/09/venezuela-maduro-challenge}}</ref> Venezuelan opposition leaders argue that by assuming power over the president of the national assembly, Maduro violated articles 229, 231, and 233<ref>{{cite web|title=CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA|url=http://www.angelfire.com/va/derecho/go225-266.html}}</ref> of the Venezuelan constitution.<ref>{{cite web|title=Venezuelan opposition challenges Nicolás Maduro's legitimacy|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/mar/09/venezuela-maduro-challenge}}</ref>

==Controversies==
Maduro declared upon announcing Chávez's death that 'historical enemies' had poisoned the president and declaring Venezuela's opposition to be 'fascists'.<ref></ref>

On the date of Hugo Chávez's death, Maduro claimed that the 'imperialists' infected Chavez with cancer. <ref>{{cite web|title=US dismisses claims that CIA gave Chávez cancer as 'absurd'|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/mar/07/maduro-alleges-chavez-cancer-plot}}</ref>

In early 2012, Maduro declared during a public speech that the opposition politicians were "faggots". This caused an uproar. Maduro then apologized to the local ], stating that he had said it in the heat of a discussion about what the opposition did.<ref></ref>

Maduro has led the embalming of Hugo Chávez, though Chávez called preserved corpses 'macabre' and 'unnatural' when he was alive, and had requested to be buried in the plains of Venezuela.<ref>{{cite web|title=Where's the respect, Chávez asks as he seizes dissected cadavers|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/mar/10/venezuela-chavez-bodies-exhibition}}</ref>Maduro commented this was for gain for "the revolution."<ref>{{cite web|title=Hugo Chavez to be embalmed for public view|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/world/hugo-chavez-to-be-embalmed-for-public-view-339774?pfrom=home-otherstories}}</ref> Venezuelan journalists from 'La Patilla' interviewed Joseph Cheng, a professor of political science at University of Hong Kong who perceives this as a method to perpetuate Chávez as a cult figure to "support the regime and its policies."<ref>{{cite web|title=Embalming Chavez with the hope of perpetuating his cult figure|url=http://www.lapatilla.com/site/2013/03/08/embalsamar-a-chavez-con-la-esperanza-de-perpetuar-el-culto-a-su-figura/}}</ref>

Maduro's ad campaign has focused around photos of Chávez, not himself.<ref>{{cite web|title=Maduro campaign posters and decorating the center poles|url=http://www.elmundo.com.ve/Noticias/Actualidad/Politica/Cartel-de-campana-de-Maduro-ya-adorna-postes-del-c.aspx}}</ref> The Democratic Union of Venezuela argues this is part of an overarching strategy, going back to well before Chavez left for Cuba, raising questions as to when Chávez died.<ref>{{cite web|title=Capriles: Maduro seeks Chávez death gain|url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2013/03/11/Capriles-Maduro-seeks-Chavez-death-gain/UPI-30361362985200/}}</ref>


==Personal life== ==Personal life==

Revision as of 22:16, 11 March 2013

Template:Spanish name

Nicolás Maduro
President of Venezuela
Acting
Incumbent
Assumed office
8 March 2013
Vice PresidentJorge Arreaza (Acting)
Preceded byHugo Chávez
Vice President of Venezuela
In office
13 October 2012 – 8 March 2013
PresidentHugo Chávez
Preceded byElías Jaua
Succeeded byJorge Arreaza (Acting)
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office
9 August 2006 – 15 January 2013
PresidentHugo Chávez
Preceded byAlí Rodríguez Araque
Succeeded byElías Jaua
Personal details
BornNicolás Maduro Moros
(1962-11-23) 23 November 1962 (age 62)
Caracas, Venezuela
Political partyFifth Republic Movement (Before 2007)
United Socialist Party (2007–present)
SpouseCilia Flores

Nicolás Maduro Moros (Spanish pronunciation: [nikoˈlaz maˈðuɾo ˈmoɾos], born 23 November 1962) is a Venezuelan politician who has been the interim President of Venezuela since 8 March 2013. Prior to assuming charge as interim President, he was the Vice President of Venezuela from 2012 to 2013. Maduro became interim President following the death of Hugo Chávez.

A former bus driver, Maduro went on to become a union leader, ultimately reaching a position in the Venezuelan government during the Chávez administration, where he was appointed the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2006 to 2013. He has been described as the "most capable administrator and politician of Chávez's inner circle".

Venezuela's constitution requires elections to fill a presidential vacancy. Although Chávez recommended Maduro to succeed him, the election by which he could do so has not yet occurred. The constitutionality of his assumption of power has been questioned by the opposition. Maduro will face Henrique Capriles in the 2013 Venezuelan presidential election.

Early life and education

Nicolás Maduro was born in Caracas in 1962, into a leftist family, the son of a union leader. He attended a public high school at the Liceo José Ávalos in the El Valle neighbourhood, a working-class neighbourhood on the western outskirts of Caracas. His first introduction to what would become his political career was as a member of his high school's student union.

Although Maduro was raised, and is nominally, a Roman Catholic, he also is a follower of the Sathya Sai Baba movement and his paternal family ancestry is of Sephardic Jewish origin.

In his speech during the ceremony installing him as Venezuela's acting President, Nicolás Maduro referred to his family's ancestral background, distancing himself from the power and influence of the Maduro, and reinforcing his commitment to Chavez's socialism and to continue the Bolivarian Revolution, saying:

"Compatriots, I am not here out of personal ambition, out of vanity, or because my surname Maduro is a part of the rancid oligarchy of this country. I am not here because I represent financial groups, neither of the oligarchy nor of American imperialism... I am not here to protect mafias nor groups nor factions."

Early career

Maduro began his political career when he was a bus driver, by becoming an unofficial trade-unionist representing the workers of the Caracas Metro system in the 1980s. He was also a bodyguard for José Vicente Rangel during Rangel's presidential campaigns.

Political career

National Assembly

Maduro was elected on the MVR ticket to the Venezuelan Chamber of Deputies in 1998, to the National Constituent Assembly in 1999, and to the National Assembly in 2000 and 2005, representing the Capital District. The legislature elected him Speaker of the Assembly, a role he held from 2005 until 9 August 2006, when he was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Foreign Minister

On 9 August 2006, Nicolás Maduro was made Minister of Foreign Affairs. During his time as Minister of Foreign Affairs, Venezuela's foreign policy stances included support for Libya under Muammar Gaddafi, and a turnaround in relations with Colombia".

Vice President of Venezuela

My firm opinion, as clear as the full moon -- irrevocable, absolute, total -- is ... that you elect Nicolas Maduro as president. I ask this of you from my heart. He is one of the young leaders with the greatest ability to continue, if I cannot.

Hugo Chávez (December 2012)

On 10 October 2012, three days after the 2012 presidential election, President Chávez appointed Maduro as Vice President. He took office on 13 October 2012, while retaining his post as Minister of Foreign Affairs.

On 8 December 2012, in an address to the nation, President Hugo Chávez announced that his cancer had returned and that he would be returning to Cuba for emergency surgery and further medical treatment. Chávez said that should his condition worsen and a new presidential election need to be called to replace him, Venezuelans should vote for Maduro to succeed him. This was the first time that Chávez, who died on 5 March 2013, had named a potential successor to his movement, as well as the first time he had publicly acknowledged the possibility of his demise.

Chávez's endorsement of Maduro sidelined Diosdado Cabello, a military man and powerful Socialist Party official, with ties to the armed forces who had been considered a top candidate as Chávez's successor. He "immediately pledged loyalty" to both Chavez and Maduro.

Interim President of Venezuela

Upon the death of Chávez on March 5, 2013, Maduro became interim president. Since Chávez died within the first four years of his term, the Constitution of Venezuela states that a presidential election must be held within 30 days of his death. Maduro will be the PSUV's candidate in that election.

Venezuelan opposition leaders argue that by assuming power over the president of the national assembly, Maduro violated articles 229, 231, and 233 of the Venezuelan constitution.

Controversies

Maduro declared upon announcing Chávez's death that 'historical enemies' had poisoned the president and declaring Venezuela's opposition to be 'fascists'.

On the date of Hugo Chávez's death, Maduro claimed that the 'imperialists' infected Chavez with cancer.

In early 2012, Maduro declared during a public speech that the opposition politicians were "faggots". This caused an uproar. Maduro then apologized to the local people of sexual minorities, stating that he had said it in the heat of a discussion about what the opposition did.

Maduro has led the embalming of Hugo Chávez, though Chávez called preserved corpses 'macabre' and 'unnatural' when he was alive, and had requested to be buried in the plains of Venezuela.Maduro commented this was for gain for "the revolution." Venezuelan journalists from 'La Patilla' interviewed Joseph Cheng, a professor of political science at University of Hong Kong who perceives this as a method to perpetuate Chávez as a cult figure to "support the regime and its policies."

Maduro's ad campaign has focused around photos of Chávez, not himself. The Democratic Union of Venezuela argues this is part of an overarching strategy, going back to well before Chavez left for Cuba, raising questions as to when Chávez died.

Personal life

Maduro is married to Cilia Flores, a prominent lawyer within the Fifth Republic Movement (MVR) who replaced Maduro as Speaker of the Assembly in August 2006, when he was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs; she was the first woman to serve as president of the National Assembly (2006–2011).

References

  1. De Córdoba, José; Kejal Vyas (9 December 2012). "Venezuela's Future in Balance". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 10 December 2012. {{cite news}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)
  2. "Venezuelan opposition challenges Nicolás Maduro's legitimacy".
  3. ^ Virginia Lopez in Caracas. "Nicolás Maduro: Hugo Chávez's incendiary heir | World news". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
  4. "Profile: Nicolas Maduro - Americas". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
  5. "Perfil | ¿Quién es Nicolás Maduro? - Actualidad | El Mundo Economía y Negocios". Elmundo.com.ve. 27 December 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
  6. "Hugo Chavez's successor Nicolas Maduro a devotee of Satya Sai Baba - Indian Express Mobile". M.indianexpress.com. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
  7. http://www.embavenez-uk.org/pdf/fs_consolidating%20_relationsjewish.pdf
  8. http://www.embavenez-us.org/_spanish/documentos/dccomunidadjudia.pdf
  9. http://venezuela-us.org/es/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/dc-profundizacion-del-dialogo-con-la-comunidad-judia-28-abril-20091.pdf
  10. "Por un pedido argentino, Chávez recibió en Caracas a líderes judíos". Clarin.com. 14 August 2008. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
  11. "La sombra antisemita de Ceresole". Guia.com.ve. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
  12. Author admin, 08.03.2013, 21:36. "Maduro convoca a elecciones inmediatas - Pim pom papas noticias". Noticias.pimpompapas.com. Retrieved 10 March 2013. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  13. VTV. "Presidente Maduro: Asumo está banda de Chávez para cumplir el juramento de continuar la Revolución (+Fotos+Video) — Venezolana de Televisión" (in Template:Es icon). Vtv.gob.ve. Retrieved 10 March 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  14. Nicolás Maduro (Últimas Noticias)
  15. ^ Shoichet, Catherine (9 December 2012). "Venezuela: As Chavez Battles Cancer, Maduro Waits in the Wings". CNN. {{cite news}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)
  16. "Venezuela's Chavez names Maduro vice-president". Reuters. 10 October 2012. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
  17. Ramon Sahmkow, "Chavez's heir apparent, a favorite of Cuba", AFP, 15 October 2012.
  18. "Venezuela's Chavez Says Cancer Back, Plans Surgery". USA Today. 8 December 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
  19. Nathan Crooks (8 December 2012). "Venezuela's Chavez Says New Cancer Cells Detected in Cuba Exams". Bloomberg. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
  20. Profile: Nicolas Maduro. BBC News. 13 December, 2012. Retrieved 2012-12-13.
  21. Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez dies
  22. "Hugo Chavez's handpicked successor at helm in Venezuela, for time being".
  23. Constitution of Venezuela
  24. Venezuela's foreign minister says VP Maduro is interim president Fox News, 5 March 2013
  25. "CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA".
  26. "Venezuelan opposition challenges Nicolás Maduro's legitimacy".
  27. United States poisoned Chávez, Maduro says (The Guardian)
  28. "US dismisses claims that CIA gave Chávez cancer as 'absurd'".
  29. Maduro apologizes to gay community (ABC)
  30. "Where's the respect, Chávez asks as he seizes dissected cadavers".
  31. "Hugo Chavez to be embalmed for public view".
  32. "Embalming Chavez with the hope of perpetuating his cult figure".
  33. "Maduro campaign posters and decorating the center poles".
  34. "Capriles: Maduro seeks Chávez death gain".
  35. Cawthorne, Andrew; Mario Naranjo (9 December 2012). "Who is Nicolas Maduro, Possible Successor to Hugo Chávez?". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 10 December 2012. {{cite news}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)
  36. Parlamentares venezuelanos acusam EUA de conspiraçãoTemplate:Pt

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Political offices
Preceded byAlí Rodríguez Araque Minister of Foreign Affairs
2006–2013 		Succeeded byElías Jaua
Preceded byElías Jaua Vice President of Venezuela
2012–2013 		Succeeded byJorge Arreaza
Acting
Preceded byHugo Chávez President of Venezuela
Acting
2013–present 		Incumbent
Leaders of the Union of South American Nations
President of Venezuela (list)
Since 1830
Acting / interim / caretaker presidents shown in italics
Recognized by the National Assembly as "interim president" during the Venezuelan presidential crisis until 2023
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