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| '''Francis''' ({{lang-la|Franciscus}}; born '''Jorge Mario Bergoglio'''; 17 December 1936) is the ]<ref>John A. Hardon's ''Modern Catholic Dictionary'' (1980) lists ] (1978–2005) as 264th pope, making Pope Benedict XVI the 265th and Francis the 266th</ref><ref name="guardian"/> and current ] of the ], elected on 13 March 2013. In that role, he is both the leader of the Catholic Church and ] of the ] State. From 1998 until his ], he served as the ], and was created ] in 2001 by ]. Francis speaks ], ], and ] fluently.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/mar/13/new-pope-thirteen-key-facts|title=Pope Francis: 13 key facts about the new pontiff|date=March 13, 2013|work=The Guardian|accessdate=13 March 2013}}</ref> | '''Francis''' ({{lang-la|Franciscus}}; born '''Jorge Mario Bergoglio'''; 17 December 1936) is the ]<ref>John A. Hardon's ''Modern Catholic Dictionary'' (1980) lists ] (1978–2005) as 264th pope, making Pope Benedict XVI the 265th and Francis the 266th</ref><ref name="guardian"/> and current ] of the ], elected on 13 March 2013. In that role, he is both the leader of the Catholic Church and ] of the ] State. From 1998 until his ], he served as the ], and was created ] in 2001 by ]. Francis speaks ], ], and ] fluently.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/mar/13/new-pope-thirteen-key-facts|title=Pope Francis: 13 key facts about the new pontiff|date=March 13, 2013|work=The Guardian|accessdate=13 March 2013}}</ref> | ||
| Francis is the first ] and the first Latin American to be elected Pope. He is the first non-European pope in 1200 years. |
Francis is the first ] and the first Latin American to be elected Pope. He is the first non-European pope in 1200 years.<ref>{{cite news|last=Donadio|first=Rachael|title=The New Pope: Bergoglio of Argentina|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/14/world/europe/cardinals-elect-new-pope.html|accessdate=13 March 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=13 March 2013}}</ref> | ||
| ==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
Revision as of 21:56, 13 March 2013
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| Francis | |
|---|---|
 Cardinal Bergoglio in 2008 | |
| Papacy began | 13 March 2013 |
| Predecessor | Benedict XVI |
| Previous post(s) |
|
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 13 December 1969 |
| Consecration | 27 June 1992 by Antonio Quarracino |
| Created cardinal | 21 February 2001 |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Jorge Mario Bergoglio (1936-12-17) 17 December 1936 (age 88) Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| Nationality | Argentine (and Vatican) |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| Residence | Vatican City |
| Motto | Miserando atque eligendo ("Pitiable but chosen") |
| Coat of arms |  |
| Papal styles of Pope Francis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Reference style | His Holiness |
| Spoken style | Your Holiness |
| Religious style | Holy Father |
Francis (Template:Lang-la; born Jorge Mario Bergoglio; 17 December 1936) is the 266th and current pope of the Catholic Church, elected on 13 March 2013. In that role, he is both the leader of the Catholic Church and Sovereign of the Vatican City State. From 1998 until his election as pope, he served as the Archbishop of Buenos Aires, and was created cardinal in 2001 by Pope John Paul II. Francis speaks Spanish, Italian, and German fluently.
Francis is the first Jesuit and the first Latin American to be elected Pope. He is the first non-European pope in 1200 years.
Early life
Jorge Bergoglio was born in Buenos Aires, one of the five children of Italian immigrants, railway worker Mario Jose Bergoglio and Regina Maria Sivori, a housewife. As a teenager, Bergoglio had a lung removed as a result of an infection.
He received a master's degree in chemistry at the University of Buenos Aires, and then studied at the seminary in Villa Devoto. He entered the Society of Jesus on 11 March 1958. Bergoglio obtained a licentiate in philosophy from the Colegio Máximo San José in San Miguel, and then taught literature and psychology at the Colegio de la Inmaculada in Santa Fe, and the Colegio del Salvador in Buenos Aires.
Pre-papal career
He was ordained to the priesthood on 13 December 1969, by Archbishop Ramón José Castellano. He attended the Facultades de Filosofía y Teología de San Miguel (Philosophical and Theological Faculty of San Miguel), a seminary in San Miguel, Buenos Aires. Bergoglio attained the position of novice master there and became professor of theology.
Impressed with his leadership skills, the Society of Jesus promoted Bergoglio and he served as provincial for Argentina from 1973 to 1979. He was transferred in 1980 to become the rector of the seminary in San Miguel where he had studied. He served in that capacity until 1986. He completed his doctoral dissertation in Germany and returned to his homeland Argentina to serve as confessor and spiritual director in Córdoba.
Bergoglio was named Auxiliary Bishop of Buenos Aires in 1992 and was ordained on 27 June 1992 as Titular Bishop of Auca, with His Eminence, Antonio Cardinal Quarracino, Archbishop of Buenos Aires, serving as principal consecrator.
Bergoglio succeeded Cardinal Quarracino as Archbishop of Buenos Aires on 28 February 1998 and was concurrently named ordinary for Eastern Catholics in Argentina, who had lacked their own prelate.
Cardinal
At the consistory of 21 February 2001, Archbishop Bergoglio was created a cardinal by Pope John Paul II with the title of cardinal-priest of San Roberto Bellarmino. As cardinal, Bergoglio was appointed to several administrative positions in the Roman Curia:
- Member of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments
- Member of the Congregation for the Clergy.
- Member of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life
- Member of the Pontifical Council for the Family
- Member of the Commission for Latin America
As cardinal, Bergoglio became known for personal humility, doctrinal conservatism and a commitment to social justice. A simple lifestyle contributed to his reputation for humility. He lived in a small apartment, rather than in the palatial bishop's residence. He gave up his chauffeured limousine in favor of public transportation, and he reportedly cooked his own meals.
On the death of Pope John Paul II, Bergoglio was considered one of the papabile cardinals. He participated as a cardinal elector in the 2005 papal conclave that selected Pope Benedict XVI. It has been reported that Bergoglio was in close contention with Ratzinger during the election, until he made an emotional plea that the cardinals should not vote for him. Earlier, he had participated in the funeral of Pope John Paul II and acted as a regent alongside the College of Cardinals, governing the Holy See and the Roman Catholic Church during the interregnum sede vacante period.
During the 2005 Synod of Bishops, he was elected a member of the Post-Synodal council. Catholic journalist John L. Allen, Jr. reported that Bergoglio was a frontrunner in the 2005 Conclave. An unauthorized diary of uncertain authenticity released in September 2005 confirmed that Bergoglio was the runner-up and main challenger of Cardinal Ratzinger at that conclave. The purported diary of the anonymous cardinal claimed Bergoglio received 40 votes in the third ballot, but fell back to 26 at the fourth and decisive ballot.
On 8 November 2005, Bergoglio was elected President of the Argentine Episcopal Conference for a three-year term (2005–2008) by a large majority of the Argentine bishops, which according to reports confirms his local leadership and the international prestige earned by his alleged performance in the conclave. He was reelected on November 11, 2008.
Relations with the Argentine government
Critics have accused him of ignoring the plight of victims during the country’s military dictatorship from 1976–1983, despite victims and their relatives relating first-hand accounts of torture, death and kidnappings to the priests he supervised as the local provincial of the Jesuit Order.
On 15 April 2005, a human rights lawyer filed a criminal complaint against Bergoglio, as superior in the Society of Jesus of Argentina, accusing him of involvement in the kidnapping by the Navy in May 1976 (during the military dictatorship) of two Jesuit priests. The priests, Orlando Yorio and Franz Jalics, were found alive five months later, drugged and semi-naked. Yorio accused Bergoglio of effectively handing them over to the death squads by declining to tell the regime that he endorsed their work. Jalics refused to discuss it after moving into seclusion in a German monastery. Horacio Verbitsky, an Argentine investigative journalist and author, wrote a book about this and other related events titled El Silencio: de Paulo VI a Bergoglio: las relaciones secretas de la Iglesia con la ESMA. However, after the priests’ imprisonment, Bergoglio worked behind the scenes for their release; his intercession with dictator Jorge Rafael Videla on their behalf may have saved their lives. In 2010, Bergoglio told biographer Sergio Rubin that he often sheltered people from the dictatorship on church property, and on one occasion gave his identity papers to a man who looked like him, to enable the recipient to flee Argentina.
Papacy
Bergoglio was elected pope on 13 March 2013, the second day of the 2013 Papal conclave, taking the papal name Francis after Francis of Assisi.
Bergoglio is the first Jesuit priest chosen to be pope. He is also the first pope from the Americas, the New World, and the Southern Hemisphere. He is the first non-European pope in over 1,200 years. The last non-European pope, St. Gregory III, was born in Syria and reigned from 731 to 741. Cardinal Bergoglio is generally believed to have been the runner up in the last conclave in 2005, which elected Benedict XVI as Pope.
Positions on moral and political issues
Abortion, euthanasia, and contraception
Cardinal Bergoglio has encouraged his clergy and laity to oppose both abortion and euthanasia, describing the pro-choice movement as a "culture of death". He supports the use of contraceptives to prevent the spread of disease; though he opposed their free distribution in Argentina.
Homosexuality
He has affirmed church teaching on homosexuality, including that "men and women who have deep-seated homosexual tendencies must be accepted with respect and compassion." He opposes same-sex marriage and has called it "demonic in origin". He strongly, but ultimately unsuccessfully, opposed legislation introduced in 2010 by the Argentine Government to allow same-sex marriage, calling it a "real and dire anthropological throwback." In a letter to the monasteries of Buenos Aires, he wrote: "Let's not be naïve, we're not talking about a simple political battle; it is a destructive pretension against the plan of God. We are not talking about a mere bill, but rather a machination of the Father of Lies that seeks to confuse and deceive the children of God." He has also insisted that adoption by homosexuals is a form of discrimination against children. This position received a rebuke from Argentine president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, who said the church's tone was reminiscent of "medieval times and the Inquisition."
Poverty and economic inequality
In 2009, Bergoglio said that extreme poverty and the "unjust economic structures that give rise to great inequalities" are violations of human rights and that social debt is "immoral, unjust and illegitimate." During a 48-hour public servant strike in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Bergoglio observed the differences between "poor people who are persecuted for demanding work, and rich people who are applauded for fleeing from justice."
Worthiness to receive the Eucharist
In the Aparecida Document, a joint statement of the bishops of Latin America, Cardinal Bergoglio commented on the worthiness of individuals to receive the Eucharist. The text states in paragraph 436 that, "We should commit ourselves to ‘eucharistic coherence’, that is, we should be conscious that people cannot receive Holy Communion and at the same time act or speak against the commandments, in particular when abortion, euthanasia, and other serious crimes against life and family are facilitated. This responsibility applies particularly to legislators, governors, and health professionals."
Bibliography
- Books
- Jorge Bergoglio and Abraham Skorka (authors), Sobre el cielo y la tierra (In English On Heaven and Earth) (Spanish Edition), Sudamericana (2010)
- Writings
- Meditaciones para religiosos (1982)
- Reflexiones sobre la vida apostólica (1986)
- Reflexiones de esperanza (1992)
See also
References
- John A. Hardon's Modern Catholic Dictionary (1980) lists Pope John Paul II (1978–2005) as 264th pope, making Pope Benedict XVI the 265th and Francis the 266th
- ^ Rice-Oxley, Mark (13 March 2013). "Pope Francis: the humble pontiff with practical approach to poverty". The Guardian (UK). Retrieved 13 March 2013.
- "Pope Francis: 13 key facts about the new pontiff". The Guardian. 13 March 2013. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
- Donadio, Rachael (13 March 2013). "The New Pope: Bergoglio of Argentina". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
- College of Cardinals Biographical notes (Web cite)
- Jorge Bergoglio
- "New Pope, Francis, Known As Humble Man With A Focus On Social Outreach". CBS New York. CBS Local Media. 13 March 2013. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
- Rocca, Francis X (13 March 2013). "Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio: a profile". Catholic Herald. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
- ^ "Pope Francis I: Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio named new Pope". Baltimore News Journal. 13 March 2013. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
- Official Website, Facultades de Filosofía y Teología de San Miguel]
- Story, Catholic.org
- The titular see of Auca, established in 1969, is seated at Villafranca Montes de Oca, Spain: Titular See of Auca, Spain.
- Profile: New pope, Jesuit Bergoglio, was runner-up in 2005 conclave
- "Toward The Conclave Part III: The Candidates". 18 April 2005. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
- "Quasi in lacrime" (almost in tears)
- "Ecco come andò davvero il Conclave del 2005 lastampa.it (Italian)". Vaticaninsider.lastampa.it. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
- "Cardinal breaks conclave vow of secrecy". Associated Press. CNN.com. 23 September 2005. Archived from the original on 2005 October 1. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|archivedate=(help) - "Jorge Mario Bergoglio, the first Jesuit pope, known for pastoral work". Washington Post. 13 March 2013. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
- Los Angeles Times: Argentine Cardinal Named in Kidnap Lawsuit, 17 April 2005
- Pope Francis: A look at the life of the first South American pontiff The Associated Press March 13, 2013
- The Silence: from Paulo VI to Bergoglio: secret relations of the Church with the ESMA, Sudamericana (Bs. As.), 2005. ISBN 950-07-2035-3
- "Pope Francis Is Known For Simplicity And Humility". Associated Press. March 13, 2013 4:31 PM. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
Both men were freed after Bergoglio took extraordinary, behind-the-scenes action to save them — including persuading dictator Jorge Videla's family priest to call in sick so that he could say Mass in the junta leader's home, where he privately appealed for mercy. His intervention likely saved their lives....
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - "Pope Francis Is Known For Simplicity And Humility". Associated Press. March 13, 2013 4:31 PM. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
Bergoglio — who ran Argentina's Jesuit order during the dictatorship — told Rubin that he regularly hid people on church property during the dictatorship, and once gave his identity papers to a man with similar features, enabling him to escape across the border.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - Vatican web site (Web cite)
- FRANCISCUS 13 de marzo de 2013 Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus Papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum,Dominum Georgium MariumSanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem Bergoglioqui sibi nomen imposuit Franciscum (Web cite)
- Habemus Papam! Cardinal Bergolio Elected Pope - Fracis I (Web cite)
- "Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio of Argentina Named as New Pope of the Roman Catholic Church". CNBC. 13 March 2013. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
- http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/mar/13/pope-francis-assisi-seagull-sistine
- BBC (13 March 2013). "Argentina's Jorge Mario Bergoglio elected Pope". BBC. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
- Financial Times (13 March 2013). "New Pope is an Argentine". Financial Times. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
- "Le cardinal Bergoglio invite à défendre la culture de la vie avec ardeur". Zenit.org. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
- Segreti, Giulia (13 March 2013). "Jorge Bergoglio of Argentina elected pope". Financial Times. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - Stevens, Dan (13 March 2013). "Argentina's Bergoglio Becomes Pope Francis". The Costa Rican Times. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
- NEW POPE: Who is this man named Bergoglio? - Living Faith - Home & Family - Catholic Online
- Catechism of the Catholic Church Paragraph 2358
- InfoBae.com
- Padgett, Tim (18 July 2010). "The Vatican and Women: Casting the First Stone". TIME. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
- Goñi, Uki (15 July 2010). "Defying Church, Argentina Legalizes Gay Marriage". Retrieved 13 March 2013.
- Cite error: The named reference
autogenerated1was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - "Extreme poverty is also a violation of human rights, says Argentinean cardinal". Catholic News Agency. 1 October 2009. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
- "Argentines protest against pay cuts". 8 August 2001. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
- "Aparecida Document Sent to Pontiff". Zenit.org. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
- "Cardinal Archbishop of Buenos Aires Rages Against Abortion "Death Sentence"". LifeSiteNews.com. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
- "New Pope Francis Called Abortion the "Death Penalty for the Unborn"". LifeNews.com. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
- Google Books: Sobre el cielo y la tierra / On Heaven and Earth
External links
| External media | |
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| Images | |
 Fumata Blanca | |
| Video | |
 Habemus Papam on YouTube | |
| First speech on YouTube |
- Vatican: the Holy See – Vatican web site (Web cite)
| Catholic Church titles | ||
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| Preceded byAntonio Quarracino | Archbishop of Buenos Aires 28 February 1998 – 13 March 2013 |
Vacant |
| Preceded byBenedict XVI | Pope 13 March 2013 – present |
Incumbent |
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- Use dmy dates from March 2013
- Current events from March 2013
- 1936 births
- Living people
- People from Buenos Aires
- Archbishops of Buenos Aires
- Argentine Jesuits
- Argentine people of Italian descent
- Cardinals created by Pope John Paul II
- 21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops
- Jesuit popes
- Argentine popes
- University of Buenos Aires alumni
- Jesuit theologians
- Sovereigns of Vatican City