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| '''Acute beryllium poisoning''' is acute |
'''Acute beryllium poisoning''' is acute ] resulting from the toxic effect of ] in its elemental form or in various chemical compounds, and is distinct from ] (also called chronic beryllium disease). After ] procedures were put into place following the realization that the metal caused berylliosis in the 1950s, acute beryllium poisoning became extremely rare.<ref name=OSHAhealtheffects/> | ||
| ⚫ | Acute beryllium poisoning is an ].<ref name=OSHAhealtheffects>OSHA Page accessed March 29, 2016</ref> Relevant occupations are those where beryllium is mined, processed or converted into metal alloys, or where machining of metals containing beryllium and recycling of scrap alloys occurs.<ref>ATSDR. September 2002</ref> | ||
| Although the use of beryllium compounds in ]ing tubes was discontinued in 1949, potential for exposure to beryllium exists in the ] production and aerospace industries and in the refining of beryllium metal and melting of beryllium-containing alloys, the manufacturing of electronic devices, and the handling of other beryllium-containing material. | |||
| ⚫ | It generally associated with exposure to beryllium levels at or above 100 μg/m<sup>3</sup>.<ref name=OSHAhealtheffects/> It produces severe cough, sore nose and throat, weight loss, labored breathing, anorexia, and increased fatigue.<ref>Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. September 2002 . See also </ref>{{rp|46}} Beryllium can cause local irritation and ] and contact with skin that has been scraped or cut may cause rashes or ulcers.<ref>Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry via the CDC. Page last reviewed: March 3, 2011. Page last updated: June 3, 2015</ref> Beryllium dust or powder can irritate the eyes.<ref>NIOSH Page last reviewed: July 22, 2015. Page last updated: July 1, 2014</ref> | ||
| ==Classification== | |||
| ⚫ | Acute beryllium poisoning is an ].<ref name=OSHAhealtheffects>OSHA Page accessed March 29, 2016</ref> Relevant occupations are those where beryllium is mined, processed or converted into metal alloys, or where machining of metals containing beryllium and recycling of scrap alloys occurs.<ref>ATSDR. September 2002</ref> | ||
| Therapy is supportive and includes removal from further beryllium exposure.<ref name=OSHAhealtheffects/> | |||
| ==Signs and symptoms == | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ==Causes== | |||
| Acute beryllium disease is a rapid onset form of ] that results from breathing high airborne concentrations of beryllium. ABD is generally associated with exposure to beryllium levels at or above 100 μg/m<sup>3</sup>.<ref name=OSHAhealtheffects/> | |||
| ==Diagnosis== | |||
| There is no specific diagnostic test for acute beryllium disease. Biopsy of the lungs reveals a nonspecific granulomatous inflammation. The chest X-ray can reveal diffuse, bilateral ] infiltrates. | |||
| ==Management== | |||
| Therapy is supportive and includes removal from further beryllium exposure. Treatment is supportive, including oxygen supplementation as needed, and removal from further beryllium exposure. Corticosteroids are sometimes tried, but no good controlled studies are reported. | |||
| ==Outcomes== | |||
| The signs and symptoms of acute beryllium pneumonitis usually resolve over several weeks to months, but be may be fatal in 10 percent of cases,<ref name=OSHAhealtheffects/> and about 15–20% of cases may progress to CBD.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1056/NEJM196511252732205|pmid=5847559|year=1965|last1=Hardy|first1=HL|title=Beryllium poisoning--lessons in control of man-made disease|volume=273|issue=22|pages=1188–99|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine}}</ref> Acute beyrlllium poisoning approximately doubles the risk of getting lung cancer.<Ref>National Toxicology Program, Department of Health and Human Services. Report on Carcinogens, Thirteenth Edition </ref> | The signs and symptoms of acute beryllium pneumonitis usually resolve over several weeks to months, but be may be fatal in 10 percent of cases,<ref name=OSHAhealtheffects/> and about 15–20% of cases may progress to CBD.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1056/NEJM196511252732205|pmid=5847559|year=1965|last1=Hardy|first1=HL|title=Beryllium poisoning--lessons in control of man-made disease|volume=273|issue=22|pages=1188–99|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine}}</ref> Acute beyrlllium poisoning approximately doubles the risk of getting lung cancer.<Ref>National Toxicology Program, Department of Health and Human Services. Report on Carcinogens, Thirteenth Edition </ref> | ||
| ==Epidemiology== | |||
| After ] procedures were put into place following the realization that the metal caused berylliosis, as of 2016 acute beryllium poisoning was considered to be extremely rare.<ref name=OSHAhealtheffects/> | |||
| ==History== | |||
| Acute beryllium disease was first reported in Europe in 1933 and in the United States in 1943.<ref name="Lang">{{Cite journal|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=102|issue=6–7|date=June–July 1994|title=Beryllium: A Chronic Problem|author=Lang, Leslie|pmc=1569745|pmid=9679108|pages=526–31|doi=10.1289/ehp.94102526}}</ref> | Acute beryllium disease was first reported in Europe in 1933 and in the United States in 1943.<ref name="Lang">{{Cite journal|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=102|issue=6–7|date=June–July 1994|title=Beryllium: A Chronic Problem|author=Lang, Leslie|pmc=1569745|pmid=9679108|pages=526–31|doi=10.1289/ehp.94102526}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 13:14, 29 March 2016
Medical condition
| Acute beryllium poisoning | |
|---|---|
| Specialty | Emergency medicine  |
Acute beryllium poisoning is acute chemical pneumonia resulting from the toxic effect of beryllium in its elemental form or in various chemical compounds, and is distinct from berylliosis (also called chronic beryllium disease). After occupational safety procedures were put into place following the realization that the metal caused berylliosis in the 1950s, acute beryllium poisoning became extremely rare.
Acute beryllium poisoning is an occupational disease. Relevant occupations are those where beryllium is mined, processed or converted into metal alloys, or where machining of metals containing beryllium and recycling of scrap alloys occurs.
It generally associated with exposure to beryllium levels at or above 100 μg/m. It produces severe cough, sore nose and throat, weight loss, labored breathing, anorexia, and increased fatigue. Beryllium can cause local irritation and contact dermatitis and contact with skin that has been scraped or cut may cause rashes or ulcers. Beryllium dust or powder can irritate the eyes.
Therapy is supportive and includes removal from further beryllium exposure.
The signs and symptoms of acute beryllium pneumonitis usually resolve over several weeks to months, but be may be fatal in 10 percent of cases, and about 15–20% of cases may progress to CBD. Acute beyrlllium poisoning approximately doubles the risk of getting lung cancer.
Acute beryllium disease was first reported in Europe in 1933 and in the United States in 1943.
References
- ^ OSHA Beryllium Health Effects Page accessed March 29, 2016
- ATSDR. ToxGuide for Beryllium September 2002
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. September 2002 Toxicological Profile: Beryllium. See also 2009 Addendum
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry via the CDC. TOX FAQs: Beryllium Page last reviewed: March 3, 2011. Page last updated: June 3, 2015
- NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards: Beryllium Page last reviewed: July 22, 2015. Page last updated: July 1, 2014
- Hardy, HL (1965). "Beryllium poisoning--lessons in control of man-made disease". The New England Journal of Medicine. 273 (22): 1188–99. doi:10.1056/NEJM196511252732205. PMID 5847559.
- National Toxicology Program, Department of Health and Human Services. Report on Carcinogens, Thirteenth Edition Beryllium and Beryllium Compounds
- Lang, Leslie (June–July 1994). "Beryllium: A Chronic Problem". Environmental Health Perspectives. 102 (6–7): 526–31. doi:10.1289/ehp.94102526. PMC 1569745. PMID 9679108.
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This article incorporates public domain material from Beryllium. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
This article incorporates public domain material from ToxGuide for Beryllium (PDF). United States Department of Health and Human Services.