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A video game console is a standardized computing device tailored for video gaming that requires a monitor or television set as an output. These self-contained pieces of electronic equipment weigh between 2 and 9 pounds (1–4 kg) on average, and their compact size allows them to be easily used in a variety of locations with an electrical outlet. Handheld controllers are commonly used as input devices. Video game consoles may use one or more storage media like hard disk drives, optical discs, and memory cards for content. Each are usually developed by a single business organization. Dedicated consoles are a subset of these devices only able to play built-in games. Video game consoles in general are also described as "dedicated" in distinction from the more versatile personal computer and other consumer electronics. Sanders Associates engineer Ralph H. Baer along with company employees Bill Harrison and Bill Rusch licensed their television gaming technology to contemporary major TV manufacturer Magnavox. This resulted in Magnavox Odyssey's 1972 release—the first commercially available video game console.

A handheld game console is a lightweight device with a built-in screen, games controls, speakers, and has greater portability than a standard video game console. It is capable of playing multiple games unlike tabletop and handheld electronic game devices. Tabletop and handheld electronic game devices of the 1970s and early 1980s are the precursors of handheld game consoles. Mattel introduced the first handheld electronic game with the 1977 release of Auto Race. Later, several companies—including Coleco and Milton Bradley—made their own single-game, lightweight tabletop or handheld electronic game devices. The oldest handheld game console with interchangeable cartridges is the Milton Bradley Microvision in 1979. Nintendo is credited with popularizing the handheld console concept with the Game Boy's release in 1989 and continues to dominate the handheld console market.

Best-selling game consoles

The following tables contain video game consoles and handheld game consoles that have sold at least 1 million units worldwide either through to consumers or inside retail channels. Each console include sales from every iteration unless otherwise noted. The years correspond to when the home or handheld game console was first released—excluding test markets. Each year links to the corresponding "year in video video games".

  # Background shading indicates current generation consoles on the market.

  † Dagger glyph indicates dedicated consoles.

  ‡ Double-dagger glyph indicates hybrid video game consoles. Nintendo Switch Lite sales included.

Hardware firms shaded  Atari ,  Microsoft ,  Nintendo ,  Sega  or  Sony  have more than two consoles listed; those with a white background do not.

Final sales are greater than the reported figure. See notes.

Home game consoles

Final sales are greater than the reported figure. See notes.

Handheld game consoles

Final sales are greater than the reported figure. See notes.

Dedicated consoles

Final sales are greater than the reported figure. See notes.

Total console sales by firm

Total amount of every console with at least 1 million units sold.

Notes

1. ^ Sony stopped reporting individual platform sales on a regular basis in 2012 but continues to do so sporadically. PlayStation 2: 155 million units sold as of March 31, 2012. It was discontinued worldwide on January 4, 2013. PlayStation 3: Sony corporate data reports 87.4 million sold as of March 31, 2017. PS3 shipments to Japanese retailers, the last country Sony was selling units to, ceased by May. PlayStation Portable: 76.4 million units sold as of March 31, 2012. A June 3, 2014 Associated Press report noted this was "the last time a tally was taken." IGN's Evan Campbell reported on the same day around 80 million sold, and Jordan Sirani reaffirmed Campbell's estimate 5 years later. Shipments to North America ended in January 2014, and to Japan in June 2014; shipments to Europe ended during the latter part of the year. IGN's Colin Moriarty reported in mid-November that 82 million PSPs were manufactured and shipped at the end of production. PlayStation Vita: Third-party estimates range from 10–15 million. Glixel stated in June 2017 that 15 million were sold, while the Electronic Entertainment Design and Research suggests several million less by the end of 2015. Production ceased in Japan in March 2019.
2. ^ Nintendo only provided a combined sales total. Before Game Boy Color's release in late-1998, previous models sold 64.42 million units combined worldwide.
3. ^ Microsoft announced in October 2015 that individual platform sales in their fiscal reports will no longer be disclosed. The company shifted focus to the amount of active users on Xbox Live as its "primary metric for [sic] success". Monthly active XBox Live subscribers reached 65 million by July 2019. Xbox 360: Sold 84 million as of June 2014. Production ended in 2016. Xbox One: Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella unveiled at a December 3, 2014 shareholder presentation that 10 million units were sold. International Data Corporation estimated 46.9 million sold worldwide through the second quarter of 2019.
4. ^ 30.75 million sold by Sega worldwide as of March 1996, not including third-party sales. In addition, Tec Toy sold 3 million in Brazil, and Majesco Entertainment projected it would sell 1.5 million in the United States.
5. ^ 10–13 million, not including recent Brazil sales figures. Screen Digest wrote in a 1995 publication that the Master System's active installed user base in Western Europe peaked at 6.25 million in 1993. Those countries that peaked are France at 1.6 million, the United Kingdom at 1.35 million, Germany at 700 thousand, Spain at 550 thousand, the Netherlands at 200 thousand, and other Western European countries at 1.4 million. However, Belgium peaked in 1991 with 600 thousand, and Italy in 1992 with 400 thousand. Thus it is estimated approximately 6.8 million units were purchased in this part of Europe. 1 million were sold in Japan as of 1986. 2 million were sold in the United States. 8 million were sold by Tectoy in Brazil as of 2016.
6. ^ Designed by Hudson and manufactured and marketed by NEC.
7. ^ Sega sold this amount as of April 2005. Its successor launched on August 6, 2005. Majesco re-manufactured and distributed the Pico in the United States starting at the end of 1999.
8. ^ Bandai released three WonderSwan iterations. A March 2003 Famitsu article reported the original (March 1999) and color (December 2000) versions sold approximately 3 million units combined, while the SwanCrystal (July 2002) sold over 200 thousand units. Bandai announced the transition from hardware to third-party development in February 2003 due to declining sales and will supply software to the competitor's Game Boy Advance by March 2004. Average weekly Famitsu sales during the transition were only a couple hundred units, and the SwanCrystal went build to order starting in autumn 2003. WonderSwan hardware designer Koto claimed over 3.5 million were sold.
9. ^ The ColecoVision reached 2 million units sold by the spring of 1984. Console quarterly sales dramatically decreased at this time, but it continued to sell modestly with most inventory gone by October 1985.
10. ^ The Wall Street Journal reported in November 1992 approximately 1 million were sold. Around June 1994, Atari shifted its focus from the Lynx to its Jaguar console.
11. ^ This Philips-reported figure was in The New York Times on September 15, 1994. The CD-i was discontinued in 1998.
12. ^ Coleco launched Telstar in 1976 and sold a million. Production and delivery issues, and dedicated consoles being replaced by electronic handheld games dramatically reduced sales in 1977. Over a million Telstars were scrapped in 1978, and it cost Coleco $22.3 million that year—almost bankrupting the company.

References

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WonderSwan Famitsu sources

• "2003年5月5日～2003年5月11日". Famitsu (in Japanese). May 23, 2003. Archived from the original on February 25, 2014. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
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Release year sources

• Atari consoles
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  • Forster 2011, p. 240: Atari VCS 2600, Atari 5200, Atari Lynx.
• Microsoft consoles
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• Nintendo consoles
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  • "Company History". Nintendo. Archived from the original on July 30, 2014. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  • Sheff & Eddy 1999, p. 27: "Nintendo teamed with Mitsubishi to build the video-game system and, in 1977, Nintendo entered the home market in Japan with the dramatic unveiling of Color TV Game 6 "
• Sega consoles
  • "Business Strategy: Interactive Education Business". Sega Toys. Archived from the original on February 21, 2009. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  • "ゲームギア" (in Japanese). Sega. Archived from the original on July 16, 2014. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  • "メガドライブ" (in Japanese). Sega. Archived from the original on July 16, 2014. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  • Perry, Douglass. "The Rise And Fall Of The Dreamcast". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on March 18, 2014. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  • "セガサターン" (in Japanese). Sega. Archived from the original on July 16, 2014. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
• Sony consoles
  • "History of Sony Computer Entertainment". Sony Computer Entertainment. Archived from the original on December 16, 2014. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
• Others
  • Forster 2011, p. 240: Bandai Wonderswan and ColecoVision.
  • Forster 2011, p. 242: Nokia N-Gage.
  • "Intellivision: Intelligent Television". GameSpy. Archived from the original on October 23, 2013. Retrieved October 31, 2013. After successful test marketing in 1979, Mattel Electronics released its Intellivision system nationwide in late 1980.
  • Kleinfield, N. R. (July 21, 1985). "Coleco Moves Out Of The Cabbage Patch". The New York Times. p. F4. Retrieved January 13, 2014. So, in 1976, Coleco introduced Telstar, a Pong clone, for $50, about half Atari's price.
  • Sheff & Eddy 1999, p. 350: "To push its first video-game system, NEC formed a home-entertainment group and released PC Engine in Japan in October 1987."
  • Sheff & Eddy 1999, p. 376: "Philips released CD-I years behind schedule, in October 1991, months after CDTV, because of technical problems."
  • "Top 25 Video Game Consoles of All Time (Magnavox Odyssey 2)". IGN. Archived from the original on September 8, 2009. Retrieved October 31, 2013.

Bibliography

• Forster, Winnie (2011). Game Machines: The encyclopedia of consoles, handhelds & home computers 1972 - 2012 (2nd ed.). Enati Media. ISBN 9780987830500. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Sheff, David; Eddy, Andy (April 15, 1999). Game Over: Press Start to Continue - The Maturing of Mario. Cyberactive Media Group/GamePress. ISBN 9780966961706. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

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