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East Franconian
Ostfränkisch
Native to	Germany (Bavaria, Thuringia, Saxony, Baden-Württemberg, Hesse)
Native speakers	4,900,000 (2006)
Language family	Indo-European Germanic West Germanic Irminonic High German High Franconian East Franconian
Writing system	Latin (German alphabet)
Language codes
ISO 639-3	vmf
Glottolog	main1267
1: East Franconian

East Franconian (Template:Lang-de) or Mainfränkisch, usually referred to as Franconian (Fränkisch) in German, is a dialect which is spoken in Franconia, the northern part of the federal state of Bavaria and other areas in Germany around Nuremberg, Bamberg, Coburg, Würzburg, Hof, Bayreuth, Meiningen, Bad Mergentheim, and Crailsheim. The major subgroups are Unterostfränkisch (spoken in Lower Franconia and southern Thuringia), Oberostfränkisch (spoken in Upper and Middle Franconia) and Südostfränkisch (spoken in some parts of Middle Franconia and Hohenlohe).

In the transitional area between Rhine Franconian in the northwest and the Austro-Bavarian dialects in the southeast, East Franconian has elements of Central German and Upper German. The same goes only for South Franconian German in adjacent Baden-Württemberg. East Franconian is one of the German dialects with the highest number of speakers.

The scope of East Franconian is disputed, because it overlaps with neighbouring dialects like Bavarian and Swabian in the south, Rhine Franconian in the west and Upper Saxon in the north.

East Franconian is researched by the "Fränkisches Wörterbuch" project in Fürth, which is run by Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Erlangen-Nuremberg University.

Grouping

Some subgroups are:

• East Franconian (Template:Lang-de): in Franken and a part of Baden-Württemberg with Wertheim and Tauberbischofsheim and also in the Vogtland
  • Lower East Franconian (Unterostfränkisch): in Unterfranken and in the Coburger and Henneberger Raum
    • Hennebergisch
    • Itzgründisch
  • Upper East Franconian (Oberostfränkisch): in Ober- and Mittelfranken

Older sources lists the following subgroups:

• Ostfränkisch (East Franconian): from the Saxon Vogtland and the Thüringerwald to the eastern Spessart, to the Rhön and near to the Neckar (in Oberfranken, Mittelfranken without Nürnberg, Unterfranken, Vogtland)
  • Grabfeldisch
    • Itzgründisch = Coburgisch: Itzgrund and Coburg/Koburg
    • Hennebergisch: Henneberg
    • Rhön-Mundart or Rhönisch: Rhön
  • Oberfränkisch (Upper Franconian): in Upper Franconia (Oberfranken) and the Vogtland
    • Oberfränkisch-Vogtländisch: in parts of Upper Franconia, namely around Bayreuth, Kulmbach and Hof, and in the Vogtland
      • Vogtländisch (Voigtländisch): in the Vogtland
    • Bambergisch
  • Ansbachisch
  • Unterfränkisch (Lower Franconian)
    • Schweinfurtisch
    • Würzburgisch
    • Ochsenfurter Mundart (the dialect of Ochsenfurt) = Gäuisch im Ochsenfurter Gäu
    • Hohenlohisch

Another older source distinguishes:

• Oberfränkisch (Upper Franconian)
  • Südfränkisch (South Franconian) (Gebiet Karlsruhe, Rastatt, Heilbronn, Hall)
  • Ostfränkisch (East Franconian)
    • Taubergründisch (Tauberbischofsheim)
    • Ansbachisch
    • Erlangisch
    • Bambergisch
    • Unterfränkisch (Lower Franconian) (Schweinfurt, Würzburg)
    • Oberfränkisch (Upper Franconian) (Hof, Bayreuth)
    • Vogtländisch (Plauen)
    • Itzgründisch (Coburg)
    • Hennebergisch (Meiningen)

See also

• Franconia

References

1. East Franconian at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
2. SIL International: Mainfränkisch
3. Karl Spangenberg: Thuringian. In: Charles V. J. Russ (ed.): The Dialects of Modern German: A Linguistic Survey. Routledge, first published 1990, reprinted 2000, transferred to Digital Printing 2006, , p. 265–289, here 267–278 (in the chapter Dialect Structure and Dialect Features)
4. Hermann Paul: Mittelhochdeutsche Grammatik. 25. Auflage neu bearbeitet von Thomas Klein, Hans-Joachim Solms und Klaus-Peter Wegera. Mit einer Syntax von Ingeborg Schöbler, neubearbeitet und erweitert von Heinz-Peter Prell. 25th ed., Max Niemeyer Verlag, Tübingen, 2007, p. 7
5. Hans Calm: Sprache und Sprechen. Verlag von S. Hirzel, Leipzig, 1920, p. 22, based on Oskar Weise and having:
   • Ostfränkisch (as Fränkisch and that as Mitteldeutsch):
     „a) oberfränkisch (Oberfranken, Voigtland),
     b) grabfeldisch (Henneberg, Rhön, Itzgrund),
     c) unterfränkisch.“
   • Oberpfälzisch (as Bayrisch-Österreichisch and that as Oberdeutsch): „a) Oberpfalz, b) Nürnberg, c) Ansbach, d) Egerland, e) Böhmerwald.“
6. Anton Franz Lenhardt: Die deutschen Mundarten. Mit einer Karte. C. C. Buchners Verlag, Bamberg, 1916, p. 35, having as „Mitteldeutsch“: „C. Fränkisch. I. Ostfränkisch. Dazu gehören das Oberfränkisch-Vogtländische, das Bambergische, das Ansbachisch, das Hohenlohische, die Ochsenfurter Mundart, das Würzburgische, das Schweinfurtisch, das Coburgische (Itzgründische) und das Hennebergische.“

   (Furthermore „Nürnbergisch“ together with „Egerländisch“, the „Tepler Mundart“ and the „Mundart der Talbucht am Nordrande des Bayrischen Waldes“ are classified as „Nordbayrisch“)

7. Oskar Weise: Unsere Mundarten: ihr Werden und ihr Wesen. Druck und Verlag von B. G. Teubner, Leipzig und Berlin, 1910, p. Vf., having:
   • Ostfränkisch (as Fränkisch and that as Mitteldeutsch):
     „a) oberfränkisch (Oberfranken, Vogtland),
     b) grabfeldisch (Henneberg, Rhön, Itzgrund),
     c) unterfränkisch.“
   • Oberpfälzisch (as Bayrisch-Österreichisch and that as Oberdeutsch): „a) Oberpfalz, b) Nürnberg, c) Ansbach, d) Egerland, e) Böhmerwald.“
8. Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon. Vierzehnte vollständig neubearbeitete Auflage. In sechzehn Bänden. Fünfter Band. F. A. Brockhaus in Leipzig, Berlin und Wien, 1894, p. 31 (inside of Deutsche Mundarten, p. 27–35; at Google Books), having: „A. Ostfränkisch. 1) Oberfränkisch-Vogtländisch, . 2) Bambergisch, . 3) Ansbachisch, . 4) Hohenlohisch, . 5) Gäuisch im Ochsenfurter Gäu. 6) Würzburgisch, . 7) Schweinfurtisch, . 8) Itzgründisch, . 9) Hennebergisch, .“

   (Furthermore with „Nürnbergisch“ together with the „Mundart am Regen (Cham)“, „Egerländisch“, „Tepler Mundart“ inside of '„'Oberpfälzisch oder Nordgauisch“ and that inside of „Bayrisch-Österreichisch“)

9. Sammlung kurzer Grammatiken deutscher Mundarten herausgegeben von Otto Bremer. Band II. Bibliographie der deutschen Mundartforschung für die Zeit vom Beginn des 18. Jahrhunderts bis zum Ende des Jahres 1889 zusammengestellt von Ferdinand Mentz. Leipzig, 1892, p. 66–72, having:
   • „Ostfränkisch“
     • „Oberfränkisch“: in Oberfranken, „Voigtländisch“
     • „Grabfeldisch“: Itzgründer Mundart, „Hennebergisch“, „Rhön-Mundart“
     • „Unterfränkisch: in Unterfranken (incl. Würzburg), „Hohenlohisch“, „pfälzisch-schwäbische Grenzmundart am Neckar“

   (Furthermore with Ansbach and Nürnberg together with Oberpfalz and Bairisch Böhmen (Egerland, Tepler Gebirge, Böhmerwald) inside of Oberpfälzisch and that inside of Bairisch-Österreichisch)

10. F. L. Baumann (in Donaueschwingen): Schwaben und Alemannen, ihre Herkunft und Identität. In: Forschungen zur Deutschen Geschichte. Sechszehnter Band. Göttingen, 1876, p. 215ff., here p. 267
11. Julius Schaeffler: Das Mundartenbuch. Mit einer Sprachenkarte. Ferd. Dümmlers Verlag, Berlin / Bonn, 1926, p. 32

External links

• Linguistic atlas of Middle Franconia (in German)
• Linguistic atlas of Lower Franconia (in German)
• Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaft (in German)

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