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The Kamal Odwan Operation "In 1970's the Israeli Mossad committed massacres inside and outside Palestine, the foremost of which was the assassination of the three Palestinian Leaders, martyrs (Abou Youssef Al-Najjar, Kamal Odwan and Kamal Nasser) in Beirut." or Coastal Road Massacare is the name of a Palestinian fedayeen operation on an Israeli coastal-road bus is known. The operation was masterminded by Abu Jihad and undertaken by PLO faction Fatah.
On the morning of March 11, 1978, Dalal Mughrabi and her Fedayeen unit of eleven freedom fighters landed by Zodiac boats on a beach near Maagan Michael north of Tel Aviv from Lebanon. They killed an Israeli woman and then took control of a loaded bus on the Coastal Highway. And demanded 200 Palestinian prisoners to be exchanged with the passengers of the bus. The Israeli occupation government refused the demand and the Israeli occupation army pursued the bus.
Mughrabi and her unit opened fire at the military vehicles in the vicinity. An Israeli army unit, headed by Ehud Barak (who, in the 1990s, became Chief of the General Staff and later Israeli Prime Minister) pursued the bus until it was finally stopped near Herzliya. A long shooting battle between the Palestinians and the soldiers ensued. The Palestinians started shooting the passengers that attempted to escape. Eventually, the Fatah members blew up the bus which became a large deathtrap of fire. The attack left thirty five civilians and six Palestinian guerillas killed (38 by some sources) and seventy-one civilians wounded. There is lack of certainty over the fates of all the Palestinian attackers. Vast searches were undertaken in the Gush Dan area after additional attackers, but they weren't found and were likely killed. Some claim that 2 Palestinians, designated terrorists, were arrested by Israel.
Mughrabi's leadership role in the operation marked the emergence of women as full-fledged members of freedom fighting movements.
The Palestinian Authority named a Hebron girls' school in honor of Mughrabi. Her name has also been given to summer camps and both police and military courses.
The operation was the immediate trigger for the Israeli Operation Litani against PLO bases in Lebanon three days later.
Refererences
- http://www.historyguy.com/israeli-palestinian_battles.html
- http://www.historycentral.com/Israel/1978CoastalMassacreByTerro.html
- Deeb, Marius (2003). Syria's Terrorist War on Lebanon and the Peace Process. Palgrave McMillian. p. 39. ISBN 1-4039-6248-0.
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